9

English
Modules
Quarter 1 – Weeks 1 - 4
9
English
Quarter 1 – Module 1
Expressing Permission Using
Modals (Part I)
English – Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Expressing Permission Using Modals (Part I)
Second Edition, 2021

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.)
included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been
exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright
owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

OIC-Schools Division Superintendent: Carleen S. Sedilla CESE
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent and OIC-Chief, CID: Jay F. Macasieb DEM, CESE

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Jenny P. Olinares

Editor: Eden F. Samadan

Reviewers: Gizelle V. Laud

Layout Artist: Jenny P. Olinares

Management Team: Jay F. Macasieb, EdD

OIC- Chief Education Supervisor, Curriculum Implementation Division

Neil Vincent C. Sandoval

Education Program Supervisor, LRMS

Gizelle V. Laud
Education Program Supervisor, English

Printed in the Philippines by the Schools Division Office of Makati City through the
support of the City Government of Makati (Local School Board)

Department of Education – Schools Division Office of Makati City

Office Address: Gov. Noble St., Brgy. Guadalupe Nuevo

City of Makati, Metropolitan Manila, Philippines 1212
Telefax: (632) 8882-5861 / 8882-5862
E-mail Address: makati.city@deped.gov.ph
 What I Need to Know

Communication is an important part of our existence. We build interactions and

harmony with other people by communicating well. This is why we need to establish the
proper use of words and structure on the way we converse. Consequently, modals are
commonly used in our daily conversations. We use modals to convey what we want to
say towards other people.
This module focuses on the concepts and skills on using modals appropriately in
given situations. You will gain the knowledge and skills on how to use modals in
expressing permission. In addition, the language used recognized the diverse vocabulary
level of students. You are encouraged to follow and complete every task at your own
pace.
LESSON 1: Express Permission Using Modals
After going through each lesson for this module, you are expected to:
1. identify modals;
2. distinguish the modals to be used in expressing permission; and
3. use modals to express permission.

What I Know

Complete the given sentences by choosing the appropriate modal. Write the letter of the
correct answer on a separate sheet.
1. Which of the following is a modal of permission?
A. can
B. might
C. should
D. would

2. Which of the following is a modal of permission in the past?

A. can
B. could
C. shall
D. will

3. Which modal can be used to express that something is not allowed or permitted?
A. can’t
B. mustn’t
C. shouldn’t
D. won’t

4. Isaac _________ never imagine his life without her. What modal will complete this
sentence?
A. can
B. can’t
C. couldn’t
D. ought to
5. What modal will complete this sentence? _________ you show me how to start a
meeting using google meet?
A. Could
B. Must
C. Shall
D. Will

6. Which modal expresses permission?

A. May I go out?
B. Princess can draw.
C. MJ should be home by 7 pm.
D. Red must always wear his face mask.

7. Ian asks permission from his teacher that he will go to the clinic. Which of the
following should he say?
A. Will I go to the clinic?
B. May I go to the clinic?
C. Must I go to the clinic?
D. Shall I go to the clinic?

8. What modal of permission will complete this sentence? You _________ use my pen
in filling out the form.
A. can’t
B. may
C. might
D. shall

9. What modal of permission will complete this sentence? Gianna _________ drive a
car when she was 18 years old.
A. can
B. could
C. shall
D. will

10. Ghin _________ extends her time in school because she’s pregnant. What modal
will complete this sentence?
A. could
B. couldn’t
C. may
D. must

11. It _________ rain today so I brought my umbrella. What modal will complete this
sentence?
A. can
B. may
C. must
D. should

12. I _________ never forget to wear my mask every time I go outside. What modal will
complete this sentence?
A. can
B. could
C. may
D. must

13. Ephraim _________ hear the speaker because his schoolmates are very noisy. What
modal will complete this sentence?
A. cannot
B. need not
C. must not
D. should not
 14. Kate can send you money via GCash. What type of modal is used in the sentence?
A. Modal of ability
B. Modal of necessity
C. Modal of obligation
D. Modal of possibility

15. Rhian may join the singing competition soon. What type of modal is used in the
sentence?
A. Modal of ability
B. Modal of promise
C. Modal of necessity
D. Modal of possibility

Lesson

1
Express Permission Using Modals

Modals are commonly used to convey a purpose and to create meaning to what we say
every day. Hence, this lesson provides a discussion on how we will use modal effectively
to communicate well in our daily living. There will be a set of examples and exercises
that you will accomplish to have a deeper understanding of the lessons.

What’s In

Guess the title of the songs and answer the questions that follow.
I can live, I can love
I can reach the heavens above
I can right what is wrong
I can sing just any song
I can dance, I can fly
And touch the rainbow in the sky
I can be your good friend
I can love you until the end

Title: _____________________________

I know I can treat you better

Than he can
And any girl like you deserves a gentleman
Tell me why are we wasting time
On all your wasted cryin'
When you should be with me instead
I know I can treat you better
Better than he can

Title: _____________________________
 Wish I may, wish I might find a way to your heart
Wish that I'll be the sun to warm you all through your life
Wish you may feel my love that is hidden in the stars
Wish I may, wish I might be the one

Title: _____________________________

If I got locked away

And we lost it all today
Tell me honestly, would you still love me the same?
If I showed you my flaws
If I couldn't be strong
Tell me honestly, would you still love me the same?

Title: _____________________________

Questions:

1. What do you call the underlined words?

2. What do these words express in the said lines?
3. Can you give other modals that you know?

What’s New

Asking Permission

Read the conversation below then underline all the modals used.

Jaz: Good evening, Dad! May I talk to you?

Dad: Yes, dear. What do you want to say?

Jaz: Andie invited me to watch a cinema with her this weekend. May I join her?
Dad: May I know where the cinema is and what time you are leaving?
Jaz: Of course! It’s in Ayala. Around 3 p.m.
Dad: Okay, you may go with her but make sure to go home early.
Jaz: Yes, dad! Thank you very much!
Dad: You can tell your brother to bring you there.
Jaz: Wow! Appreciate it so much.
 What is It

What are Modals?

Modals are helping verbs, otherwise known as auxiliary verbs. Modals immediately
precede the main verb of a sentence.
ex: can, could, had better, have got to, have to, might, may, need to, ought to,
shall, should, and will.

How do I use modals in a sentence?

modal + main verb

ex. The boy said he can vlog about his quarantine days in the province.
You may disinfect your area from time to time to avoid catching the virus.

What are the different types of modals?

There are different types of modals like modals of prediction, ability, permission, request,
intention, necessity, certainty, hypothesis, and a lot more.

In this module, we will focus on the modals that are used to EXPRESS PERMISSION:

1) We use can, could, and may to ask permission.

o Can is informal.
ex. Can I speak with Mr. Ken Rosales?

o Could is more formal and polite.

ex. Could you help me in cooking?

o May is formal.
ex. May I speak with Mr. Gavin Jacob?

2) We use was allowed to and could to ask if something was permitted in the
past.
ex. Were you allowed to go overnight with us?
Could you drive your car when you were a teenager?

3) We use can to allow or to permit someone to do something.

ex. You can bring your family to the party.

You can use my phone for emergency calls.

4) We use can’t to say that something is not allowed or permitted.

ex. Marc can’t drive without a driver’s license.

The students can’t enter the school premises without Identification

Cards (ID).
 5) We use couldn’t to say that something was not allowed or permitted in the
past.
ex. Jaz couldn’t date any man until she turned 25.

The customers couldn’t dine in the restaurants when Enhanced

Community Quarantine was implemented.

What’s More

Complete each conversation by underlining the correct modal.

Conversation 1
1. Hi, Vea! (Can, May) I borrow a book in Social Studies?
2. Yes! You (can, could) bring it at home for you to read it.

Conversation 2
1. Mom, (can, may) I use your phone for a while?
2. Yes, you (can, may) my phone for emergency calls.

Conversation 3
1. Dad, ( can, could) you drive a car when you were 18 years old?
2. Yes, I learned at a very young age. You (can, could) start practicing to drive our car.

Conversation 4
1. You _____ (can’t, couldn’t) have your encashment at the bank without your valid
IDs.
2. Thank you for that reminder!

Conversation 5
1. Oh dear, ______ (can, may) I borrow your car tomorrow?
2. Yes, you ______ (can, may).

What I Have Learned

For sure you learned that modals are helping verbs, and they immediately precede the
main verb of a sentence.
There are different types of modals like modals of prediction, ability, permission, request,
intention, necessity, certainty, hypothesis, and a lot more.
Yet we only focused on modals of permission in this module such as can, can’t, could,
couldn’t, may. Can you use any of the following modals of permission in a sentence?
_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________
 What I Can Do

Excellent! You reached this part of the module wherein you will apply the concepts and
skills you acquired from the lesson.

You are tasked to use the modals that you learned in expressing permission. You will
be given a situation and write your response.

1) You ask permission from your teacher to allow you to go to the school clinic.
___________________________________________________________________
2) You ask your mother to allow you to go to a party tonight.
___________________________________________________________________
3) You remind your friend that bringing gadgets is prohibited in school.
___________________________________________________________________
4) You tell your colleague that no one is allowed to bring a friend in the ceremony.
___________________________________________________________________
5) You ask your teacher to allow you to submit your project next week.
___________________________________________________________________
 Assessment

Fill in the blanks with the correct modals. Choose your answer from the word pool.

can can’t could couldn’t may

1. Pardon, sir! _____ I know the time?

2. The relatives _____ visit the patient at the scheduled time.
3. I do not think that we _____ use a phone during class.
4. We _____ get into the concerts without tickets so we just went home.
5. I am afraid to inform you that you ____ take the exam until you pay for it.
6. Mom, _____ I go with Angelo to the park?
7. Hello, _____ I speak with the principal?
8. He _____ go to school tomorrow due to fever.
9. _____ you lend me a pencil because I left mine at home.
10. You _____ borrow my book for your reference.
11. Jane and Jo-Ann _______ remit the money because they are still on duty.
12. The Filipino citizens ________ post anytime in Facebook.
13. You ______ order online but please limit it to a thousand only.
14. Allan asked his sister, “_______ sleep in your condo tonight?”
15. The students ________ go outside due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
9
English
Quarter 1 – Module 2
Expressing Obligation Using
Modals (Part II)
English – Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 2: Expressing Permission Using Modals (Part I)
Second Edition, 2021

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.)
included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been
exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright
owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

OIC-Schools Division Superintendent: Carleen S. Sedilla CESE
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent and OIC-Chief, CID: Jay F. Macasieb DEM, CESE

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Jenny P. Olinares

Editor: Eden F. Samadan

Reviewers: Gizelle V. Laud

Layout Artist: Jenny P. Olinares

Management Team: Jay F. Macasieb, EdD

OIC- Chief Education Supervisor, Curriculum Implementation Division

Neil Vincent C. Sandoval

Education Program Supervisor, LRMS

Gizelle V. Laud
Education Program Supervisor, English

Printed in the Philippines by the Schools Division Office of Makati City through the
support of the City Government of Makati (Local School Board)

Department of Education – Schools Division Office of Makati City

Office Address: Gov. Noble St., Brgy. Guadalupe Nuevo

City of Makati, Metropolitan Manila, Philippines 1212
Telefax: (632) 8882-5861 / 8882-5862
E-mail Address: makati.city@deped.gov.ph
 What I Need to Know

Communication is an important part of our existence. We build interactions and

harmony with other people by communicating well. This is why we need to establish the
proper use of words and structure on the way we converse. Modals are commonly used
in our daily conversations. We use modals to convey what we want to say towards other
people.

This module focuses on the concepts and skills on using modals appropriately in given
situations. You will gain the knowledge and skills on how to use modals in expressing
obligation and giving advice. In addition, the language used recognized the diverse
vocabulary level of students. You are encouraged to follow and complete every task at
your own pace.

After going through each lesson for this module, you are expected to:

1. identify modals;
2. distinguish the modals to be used in expressing obligation and giving advice; and
3. use modals to express obligation and to give advice.

What I Know

Choose the correct modal. Write the letter of the best answer on your answer sheet.

1) Which of the following modals indicates strong obligation?

a) must
b) mustn’t
c) should

2) Which of the following modals indicates no obligation?

a) don’t have to
b) mustn’t
c) shouldn’t

3) Which of the following modals is used to give a piece of advice?

a) must
b) mustn’t
c) should

4) Which of the following modals indicates strong obligation in the past?

a) didn’t have to
b) had to
c) should have

3
 5) Which of the following modals indicates a past action that didn’t happen and
the advice or regret is too late?
a) didn’t have to
b) had to
c) should have

6) You _____ be late tomorrow! We have a lot of work to do.

a) must
b) mustn’t
c) shouldn’t

7) The museum offers a free ticket. You _____ buy for us.
a) don’t have to
b) mustn’t
c) shouldn’t

8) Erik _____ smoke inside the school.

a) doesn’t have to
b) mustn’t
c) shouldn’t

9) We ____ rush because we were given plenty of time to accomplish that.

a) don’t have to
b) mustn’t
c) shouldn’t

10) When I was in college, I _____ work part-time to help my parents in paying my
tuition.
a) didn’t have to
b) had to
c) should have

What’s In

Modals are commonly used to convey a purpose and to create meaning to what
we say every day. Hence, this lesson provides a discussion on how we will use modal
effectively to communicate well in our daily living. There will be a set of examples and
exercises that you will accomplish to have a deeper understanding of the lessons.

Distinguish how each modal is used in the sentence. Write the letter of the correct
answer.

A. To ask permission
B. To give permission
C. To refuse permission

B
_____1. You can submit your output on Friday.
A
_____2. Can I use your phone? I just need to make a call to my mother.

4
 B
_____3. Gav, you can eat ice cream as long as you will help in doing household
chores.
B
_____4. Can I drive the car to school?
B
_____5. When I was a child, my parents told me that I could play with my friends
outside.

What’s New

Jake and Jaz are siblings. They help each other in doing the household chores. The
table below shows their division of duties. Check it out and answer the given questions.
Household Chores Jake Jaz

Clean the room ∕

Wash the dishes ∕

Sweep the floor ∕

Feed the pets ∕

Clean the bathroom ∕ ∕

A. Who said these things?

1) I must clean the room. _____________________
2) I have to wash the dishes. _____________________
3) I must sweep the floor. _____________________
4) I have to feed the pets. _____________________
5) I ought to clean the bathroom. _____________________

B. What do you call the underlined words?

C. What do these words express in the sentences?

5
 What is It

To express an obligation, we can use have to, must, and should.

PRESENT POSITIVE MEANING NEGATIVE MEANING

have to/don’t have to Indicates strong obligation Indicates no obligation
(possibly from the outside) They don’t have to work
The teachers have to be on Sunday.
trained to conduct online
classes.
must/ mustn’t Indicates strong obligation Indicates negative
(possibly from the obligation
speaker’s point of view) She mustn’t eat
I must finish the output unhealthy foods.
today.
should/shouldn’t Indicates mild obligation Indicates mild negative
or advice obligation or advice
You should take a rest for You shouldn’t smoke too
some time. much.

PAST POSITIVE MEANING NEGATIVE MEANING

had to/didn’t have to Indicates obligation in the Indicates no obligation in
past the past
When I was a teenager, I I didn’t have to work last
had to take care of my Saturday because I
younger siblings because finished my work early.
my parents needed to
work.
Must Changes to “had to”
should have+ past Indicates a past action Indicates a past action
participle/ shouldn’t which didn’t happen: which didn’t happen:
have + past participle the advice/ the regret is the advice/ the regret is
too late too late

You should have done the You shouldn’t have

project earlier, now you resigned in your job, it is
have crammed. hard to find a new one.

6
 What’s More

Identify the correct modals to be used in the following sentences.

1) The parents ____ (have to, must) guide their children with their studies in the
new normal setup.
2) I _____ (have to, must) meet the deadline set by my professor.
3) She _____ (doesn’t have to, mustn’t) go to work on weekends because she’s done
with her project.
4) You _____ (must, should) also have time with your friends to release your stress
at work.
5) He _____ (had to, should have) moved to another place when he was promoted.
6) You _____ (had to, should have) taken vitamins, now you have colds and coughs.
7) The students _____ (have to, must) enroll online for this school year because
physical enrollment is now allowed.
8) Everyone _____ (has to, must) wear a mask when going outside or any
establishment.
9) When the quarantine period started, I _____ (had to, should have) to work from
home to help the government in preventing the virus.
10) I _____ (have to, must) practice social distancing from time to time as a preventive
measure in spreading the coronavirus.

What I Have Learned

Use the 3-2-1 Reflection to share what you have gained from the lesson
3 Insights 2 Realizations 1 Question
What did I learn about the What have I realized from What do I want to clarify
lesson? the lesson? about the lesson?

7
 What I Can Do

You’re doing great! It is now your time to use the modals in expressing obligation.
1. Reflect on your daily activities or duties every day at home, at school, and in your
barangay/community.
2. List down your duties and responsibilities that serve as your obligations.
3. Use the appropriate modals to express your obligations. You may note down three
to five obligations.
HOME SCHOOL BARANGAY

Ex: I must wake up early I must come to school on I must follow the curfew
to prepare meals for my time every day. time at my barangay.
siblings.

8
 Assessment

Choose the correct modal for each sentence. There are options given in the box. Write
your answers on a separate sheet.

don’t have to had to have to

must mustn’t should
shouldn’t

1) We mustn’t
_____ be late for the exam.
2) shouldn't
I _____ eat a lot of sweets or I’ll be fat.
3) They _____ wake up early today because it is a Sunday.
4) We _____ forget to lock the door before we leave.
5) You _____ eat well and take a rest well to be healthy.
6) When she was new in Germany, she _____ to learn the language to be able to
speak and to be understood.
7) You _____ smoke too much!
8) We _____ rush. We have plenty of time.
9) I _____ cook meals because my husband is a good cook.
10) Christy _____ work part-time when she had her 2nd baby for extra income.

9
 Additional Activities

I. Aside from expressing obligations, there are also modals mentioned in this
lesson that is used to give a piece of advice such as should and shouldn’t.

Imagine that you are a writer in a newspaper, and you have your own column in
giving advice. Choose one from the given situations and give your advice. Do not forget
to use should and shouldn’t.

1) A friend who lost a job

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

2) A colleague who was reprimanded by your superior

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

3) A couple who is having a misunderstanding

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
4) A classmate who failed the exam
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
5) A habitually tardy employee
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

10
9
English
Quarter 1 – Module 3:
Expressing Prohibition
Using Modals
English – Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 3: Expressing Prohibition Using Modals
Second Edition, 2021

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.)
included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been
exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright
owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

OIC-Schools Division Superintendent: Carleen S. Sedilla CESE
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent and OIC-Chief, CID: Jay F. Macasieb DEM, CESE

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Jenny P. Olinares

Editor: Eden F. Samadan

Reviewer: Gizelle V.Laud

Layout Artist: Michelle G. Rocillo

Management Team: Jay F. Macasieb, EdD

OIC- Chief Education Supervisor, Curriculum Implementation Division

Neil Vincent C. Sandoval

Education Program Supervisor, LRMS

Gizelle V. Laud
Education Program Supervisor, English

Printed in the Philippines by the Schools Division Office of Makati City through the
support of the City Government of Makati (Local School Board)

Department of Education – Schools Division Office of Makati City

Office Address: Gov. Noble St., Brgy. Guadalupe Nuevo

City of Makati, Metropolitan Manila, Philippines 1212
Telefax: (632) 8882-5861 / 8882-5862
E-mail Address: makati.city@deped.gov.ph
 What I Need to Know

Communication is an important part of our existence. We build interactions and

harmony with other people by communicating well. This is why we need to establish the
proper use of words and structure on the way we converse. Modals are commonly used
in our daily conversations. We use modals to convey what we want to say towards other
people.

This module focuses on the concepts and skills on using modals appropriately in given
situations. You will gain the knowledge and skills on how to use modals in expressing
prohibition. In addition, the language used recognized the diverse vocabulary level of
students. You are encouraged to follow and complete every task at your own pace.

LESSON: Express Prohibition Using Modals

After going through each lesson for this module, you are expected to:
1. identify the modals of prohibition;
2. distinguish the modals to be used in expressing prohibition; and
3. create an infographic using modals of prohibition.

What I Know

Choose the correct modal. Write the letter of the best answer on your answer sheet.
1) Which is the most commonly used modal to express prohibition?
a) can’t
b) may not
c) must not

2) Which of the following modals is used to express prohibition in a formal way?

a) can’t
b) may not
c) must not

3) Which of the following modals is used to express prohibition in the past?

a) may not
b) must not
c) must not have

4) The students _____ use gadgets during class hours.

a) can’t
b) may not
c) must not

1
5) According to the President, face-to-face class _____ be allowed until a vaccine
will be available for coronavirus.
a) can’t
b) may not
c) must not

6) In an amusement park, children below 4 feet _____ be allowed to take any

rides.
a) can’t
b) may not
c) must not

7) We _____ forget to throw our trash properly.

a) can’t
b) may not
c) must not

8) In crossing the street, you ____ take for granted to look at the traffic light.
a) can’t
b) must not
c) should not

9) As a new employee, you _____ be late to create a good impression.

a) can’t
b) must not
c) should not

10) In this time of pandemic, mass gatherings _____ be held to prevent the spread
of coronavirus.
a) can’t
b) must not
c) should not

2
 Lesson

1
Express Prohibition Using Modals

Modals are commonly used to convey a purpose and to create meaning to what
we say every day. Hence, this lesson provides a discussion on how we will use modals
effectively to communicate well in our daily living. There will be a set of examples and
exercises that you will accomplish to have a deeper understanding of the lessons.

What’s In

Kindly read the passage below. Choose from the given options the appropriate
modals to be used in the given sentences. You may write the correct answers on a
separate sheet.
A Life Lesson

Reminiscing our past experiences makes us ponder many questions like” What If
we 1) _____ (could, should) have done this?” We 2) _____ (might, must) have felt regrets
for those times that we committed mistakes in making decisions. But at the end of the
day, we 3) _____ (could, should) have realized that we became better people because of
these experiences. Life 4) _____ (may, must) be difficult sometimes but you 5) _____
(could, should) learn how to deal with it. There is a famous line from the movie Forrest
Gump, “Life was a box of chocolates, you never know what you’re gonna get.” It tells us
that we are not in control of the things around us.

There 6) _____ (can, must) be circumstances that we fail for what we want to get
but it does not mean that it is the end of everything. You 7) _____ (can, must) keep going
not for yourself but for the people who are continuously believing that you 8) _____ (can,
should) do it. It 9) _____ (may, must) be a cliché but it makes sense. The choices that we
make every day create an impact on our lives. Choosing to move forward 10) _____ (can,
might) determine your future.

3
 What’s New

Rules are part of our existence. Rules are created to bring peace and order. We have the
social obligation to follow the rules which are presented to us. You will see pictures
below that indicate some rules that we are oriented with. Indicate the rule being
described in the picture. Use the words “can’t, may not, or must not” to describe what
are you prohibited to.

Example: We must not leave our trash and the table unclean after eating.

1. ____________________________ 2. ____________________________
_______________________________ _______________________________
_______________________________ _______________________________

3. ____________________________ 4. ____________________________
_______________________________ _______________________________
_______________________________ _______________________________

5. ____________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________

4
 What is It

Here is a list of modals that are used to express prohibition.

• Modals Meaning Example

can’t most common to express You can’t drive here.
prohibition
also shows inability; there Can I park my car here?
are some cases wherein
you use can to express
that you do not have the
ability because of the
rules
may not is the formal way to You may not smoke in
express prohibition this house.
Also, you can ask May I eat in this room?
questions using may
must not/must not another way to express You must not use a
have+ past participle prohibition cellphone.
(Past form) The food establishments
must not have accepted
dine orders during the
Enhanced Community
Quarantine (ECQ) period.

What’s More

Put in the appropriate modal to be used in each sentence. Use can’t, or may not, or must
not to express prohibition.

1) We _____ leave the house without wearing a mask.

2) The food establishments _____ accommodated dine-in orders.
3) The teenagers _____ stay outside beyond 8:00 in the evening.
4) Parents _____ neglect their role in teaching their children.
5) We _____ forget to always practice proper hygiene to prevent the spread of the
coronavirus.
6) As one of the school’s rules and regulations, the student ______ bring gadgets
unless given permits.
7) You _____ drive without your driver’s license.
8) During the quarantine period, everyone _____forgotten to bring a quarantine pass
when going to any establishments.
9) As a visitor, you _____ wear your shoes inside the house.
10) You _____ smoke in public places.

5
 What I Can Do

I am proud of you! You are now at the highlight of this module where you will show what
you gained from the lesson. Read the directions carefully.
1) You are tasked to empower your co-barangay especially the youth in promoting
the New Normal to fight COVID-19.
2) You are going to make an infographic as a campaign for your barangay which
answers the question: What are the DO’s and DON’T’s in the NEW NORMAL?

FOR YOUR INFORMATION:

Category 4 3 2 1 Your
score
CLARITY Topic and Topic and Topic is Topic and/or
messages of main ideas given but main ideas
the are clear. main ideas are absent
infographic are unclear or very
are clear and or lacking. unclear.
easily
understood;
Intended to
inform or
convince the
viewer.
DETAILS Details Detail is More is Very little
(including added to needed for detail is
labels) support each understandi provided for
support the main idea ng. Some are the main
main idea with distracting. ideas and
without minimal understandi
distracting clutter. ng is limited.
with clutter.
ACCURACY At least 4 3 accurate 2 accurate Fewer than 2
accurate facts are facts are accurate
facts/concep displayed. displayed. facts are
ts are displayed.
displayed in
the
infographic
RELEVANCE The graphics Most All graphics Graphics do
used graphics relate to the not relate to
represent represent topic but do the topic.
information the not
appropriatel information represent it
y. appropriatel appropriatel
y. y.
VISUAL Color, Color, Color, Color, shape,
shape, size, shape, size, shape, size, size, and
and and and arrangement
arrangement arrangement arrangement are
of graphics are eye are present distracting or
contribute catching and but do not misleading.
meaning to contribute add to the
information.

6
 the overall some
message. meaning.
LAYOUT/ The Is attractive Is acceptably Is
DESIGN design/layou in terms of attractive distractingly
t is neat, design, though it messy,
clear, and layout, and may be a bit unattractive,
visually neatness. messy. or very poorly
appealing. designed.
MECHANICS Capitalizatio There is 1 There are 2 More than 2
n and error in errors in errors in
punctuation capitalizatio capitalizatio capitalizatio
are correct n or n or n or
throughout. punctuation. punctuation. punctuation.
GRAMMAR There are no There is 1 There are 2 There are
grammatical grammatical grammatical more than 2
mistakes. mistake. mistakes. grammatical
mistakes.

● An INFOGRAPHIC is a visual representation of a set of data and

information using combined pictures. The infographic that you will create
aims to inform the public on the rules of the New Normal.

3) You must select only one target area as your topic among the following:
✔ home
✔ schools
✔ church
✔ food establishments or restaurants
✔ grocery store, supermarket, or malls
✔ other establishments such as bank, computer shops, parlor, or barber
shops

4) A scoring rubric will be used to rate your output consisting of the following
criteria:

✔ Clarity ✔ Layout/Design
✔ Details ✔ Mechanics
✔ Accuracy ✔ Grammar
✔ Relevance
✔ Visual

Assessment

A. Read the passage. Complete the table below by writing the correct modal and its
function for each sentence. Choose the correct answers from the given options.
Use a separate paper for your answers.

Overcoming Obstacles

Life has a lot of learning experiences to offer. These 1) _____ (may, must) be in
different forms. Sometimes, we face different struggles to shape us to become the people

7
that God wants us to be. It depends on us on how we embrace every opportunity that
comes along our path. We 2) _____ (would, should) realize that we learn and grow
through trials and hardships. Things 3) _____ (may, might) turn out not the way we
wanted to but we 4) _____ (would, should) remember that it is part of the process. We
5) _____ (could, should) endure the pain during the process so that we will be able to
appreciate what God has in stored for us at the end of it. Then, we will say that it’s all
worth it!

MODALS FUNCTIONS
1) 6)
2) 7)
3) 8)
4) 9)
5) 10)

B. Choose the correct modals to be used in the given sentences. Write your answers
on a separate sheet of paper.

11) Anton always fails the tests, even though he's smart. He __________ (can’t,
must) study enough.
12) All my plants __________ (must be, must have been) dead! I forgot to water
them before I went on holiday.
13) Angelica drives a very expensive car. She __________ (must have, must have
been) a lot of money.
14) Jasmine __________ (can’t, must) have much money or she would buy a new
car. Her old one is falling apart.
15) Eli __________ (can’t, must) drink a lot of coffee. He's finished two sachets
already this week.
16) Paula always does really well on exams. She __________ (must study, must
have studied) a lot.
17) When Althea got home yesterday there were flowers on the table. Her husband
__________ (must buy, must have bought) them.
18) Elisa is so late! She __________ (must miss, must have missed) the bus!.
19) Who is that at the door? It __________ (can’t, must) be Elsa - she'll still be at
work now.
20) This __________ (can’t, must) be Jacob's house. This house has a green door
and it is number 18, just like he said.

Additional Activities

Imagine that you were elected as the new President of the School Government. List down
the rules and regulations that you think can help maintain the proper conduct and
behavior of the students. Use the modals that you have learned from the module to
create the rules. Make a list of five to ten rules.

8
9
English
Quarter 1 – Module 4
Using Conditionals
in Expressing Arguments

1
English – Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 4: Use Conditionals in Expressing Arguments
Second Edition, 2021

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
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Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.)
included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been
exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright
owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

OIC-Schools Division Superintendent: Carleen S. Sedilla CESE
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent and OIC-Chief, CID: Jay F. Macasieb DEM, CESE

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Noemi Domingo-Formilles

Editors: Michelle G. Rocillo, Anna Erikka S. Anir, and
Shan Ivy Apple R. Serenilla
Reviewer: Eden F. Samadan
Layout Artists: Michelle G. Rocillo and Jobelle M. Partido
Management Team: Jay F. Macasieb, EdD
OIC- Chief Education Supervisor, Curriculum Implementation Division

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Education Program Supervisor, English

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support of the City Government of Makati (Local School Board)

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E-mail Address: makati.city@deped.gov.ph
 What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the use of conditionals in expressing arguments. The scope of this module permits it to
be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence
of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with
the textbook you are now using.
Most Essential Learning Competency 2: Use conditionals in expressing arguments
The module has 1 lesson namely:
● Lesson 1 – Using Conditionals in Expressing Arguments
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. identify the conditional structure used;
2. use conditionals in expressing arguments;
3. organize information in various ways (outlining, graphic, etc.);
4. make decisions based on the given situations; and
5. write an argumentative essay using conditionals

What I Know

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following expresses a conditional statement correctly?
A. I had bought a house if I win the lottery.
B. If my cousin were here, you could meet her.
C. I might get better grades if I will study more often.
D. We could get to know each other better if we see each other often.
2. If I came to class early I could finish my homework. What makes the sentence
wrong?
A. The word “finish” is used instead of finished.
B. The verb “came” is used instead of come.
C. There should be a comma after the if-clause.
D. The main clause should come first before the if-clause.
3. We would not get anything done, if I left it up to you. What makes the sentence
wrong?
A. The word “left” is used instead of “leave”.
B. The comma after the main clause should not be used.
C. The if-clause should come first before the main clause.
D. The word “not” should not be used because it makes the sentence negative.
4. If I needed help, I __________ you. Which of the following words best completes
the thought of the sentence?
A. ask
B. asked
C. will ask
D. would ask
5. Soap _________if you leave it in water. Which of the following words best completes
the thought of the sentence?
A. dissolve
B. dissolves
C. dissolved
D. will dissolve

1
 6. I _______ you my umbrella if you need it. Which of the following words best
completes the thought of the sentence?
A. lent
B. lend
C. lends
D. will lend
7. If I had have time, I would have gone to see him. What makes the sentence wrong?
A. The comma after the if-clause should not be used.
B. Main clause should come first before the if-clause.
C. The verb “had have” is used instead of “had had”.
D. The verb “would have gone” is used instead of would go.
8. I _____________ my morning classes if I had not overslept. Which of the following
words best completes the thought of the sentence?
A. will attend
B. would attend
C. had attended
D. would have attended
9. I would have called him if he ________ me his number. Which of the following
words best completes the thought of the sentence?
A. gave
B. has given
C. had gave
D. had given
10. If I ___________ it was your birthday, I would have got you a present. Which of the
following words best completes the thought of the sentence?
A. knew
B. known
C. had knew
D. had known

Lesson
Using Conditionals in
2 Expressing Arguments
This lesson is designed to help you express your ideas, thoughts, and decisions in life.
You will also learn different types of conditional structures to help you build strong
sentences that empower you to express arguments and convince people that your
opinion about something is correct.

What’s In
In the previous module, you studied the different functions of modals and used
them to express permission, obligation, and prohibition. Let us refresh your mind of
what you have learned by doing this activity.

Activity: Give Me the Sign

Directions: Illustrate or draw the sign that corresponds to the given warning. Then, use
the warning to construct a sentence using the correct modal.

1. No ID, No entry
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________

2
 2. Bullying will not be tolerated in this school.
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________

3. Slow down
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________

4. No smoking
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________

5. No shouting out zone

________________________________
________________________________
________________________________

What’s New

The Philippines has a very interesting and diverse mix of beliefs brought by the long
history of colonization. The impact of colonization is not only reflected in the culture
and traditions, but it extends beyond the language and food and into a handful of
superstitions that Filipinos take to heart.

Activity 1: Superstition Mystery

Directions: Look closely at the images/ illustrations below to discern the superstitions
presented. Encircle the letter of your answer.

1.
2

A. If three persons pose for a picture, the one in A. If you break an egg with 2 egg yolks, you
the middle will be the first to die. will become wealthy.
B. If three persons pose for a picture, the one in B. If you break an egg with 2 egg yolks, you
the middle will become bachelor/spinster. will marry a rich man/woman.
C. If three persons pose for a picture, the one in C. If you break an egg with 2 egg yolks, you
the middle will become widow/widower. will give birth to twins.
D. If three persons pose for a picture, they will D. If you break an egg with 2 egg yolks, you
meet an accident. will become an avarice.

3
 3. 4.

A. If a spoon falls, a woman will arrive. A. If a person has two cowlicks, he will be
B. If a spoon falls, a woman will cook your food. mischievous.
C. If a spoon falls, a woman will pick it up. B. If a person has two cowlicks, he will
D. If a spoon falls, a woman will call you. become a criminal.
C. If a person has two cowlicks, he will
become a great leader.
D. If a person has two cowlicks, he will be
an astute leader.

A. If you dream about a friend wearing white, she will get

married soon.
B. If you dream about a friend wearing white, she will meet an
5. accident.
C. If you dream about a friend wearing white, she will become
an angel.
D. If you dream about a friend wearing white, she will die soon.

What is It
CONDITIONAL SENTENCE is a structure that expresses what will happen if a
certain event takes place or performed. It is composed of a conditional clause and a
main clause which can be positioned interchangeably.
The conditional clause is sometimes called “if-clause” because it usually begins
with the word “if”. It expresses condition that must be met before the result takes place.
On the other hand, the main clause, also known as the “result-clause”, tells what
happens after the condition is performed.

TYPES OF CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

There are different types of conditionals which are used depending on how
probable the condition and its result. There are four types, namely: Zero Conditional,
First Conditional, Second Conditional, and Third Conditional.

(1) ZERO CONDITIONAL is used to make statements about the real world and
often refers to general truths such as scientific facts so the result is always certain. It
is used to describe facts or general truth and to give suggestions or instructions using
imperative in the main clause.
It uses the simple present tense of the verb to express general truths, suggestions,
and instructions. On the other hand, simple past tense is used to express events
happened in the past.
(2) FIRST CONDITIONAL describes real and specific future events that are very
possible to happen if the conditions are true. It expresses predictions, superstitions,
plans, warnings, and threats.

4
 The if-clause uses the simple present tense while the result clause uses simple
future tense (will + base form), going to form (is/are/am + going to + base form), and
modals (may, might, can, and should).
The conjunction IF can also be replaced with when, before, after, as soon as, or
until.
(3) SECOND CONDITIONAL describes an imaginary, hypothetical, or unlikely
situations or actions in the present or future. The if-clause uses the simple past tense
to indicate the distance from reality, while the result clause uses would + base form.
(4) THIRD CONDITIONAL describes imaginary or hypothetical situations in the
past. These are impossible to happen because no one can change or alter them.
The if-clause uses the past perfect tense (had + past participle), while would have
+ past participle for the result-clause.

Study the table below to have a clearer understanding of the different types of
conditionals.
Type of
Purpose Example Explanation
Conditional
If she studies Every time she studies hard,
Zero Describes what
harder, she passes she passes the exam. The
Conditional happens in general
the exam. result is a natural outcome.
If she studies
First Describes a It is possible that she will pass
harder, she will pass
Conditional particular situation the exam if she studies hard.
the exam.
Describes an She is not studying very hard,
If she studied
Second imaginary, situations so it is impossible to pass the
harder, she would
Conditional in the present or exam.
pass the exam.
future
If she had studied
Describes imaginary What really happened was that
Third harder, she would
situations in the she did not study hard that is
Conditional have passed the
past why she did not pass the exam.
exam.

What’s More

Activity 1: The If and the Result

Directions: Read the sentences then identify the if-clause and the result-clause. Write
your answers in the table.
1. Experts will recommend stricter lockdown in the National Capital Region if the
current trend of the COVID-19 cases does not go down.
2. If President Duterte proposes to reimpose the death penalty on heinous crimes,
Senator Sotto and his colleagues will review the Senate Journal to guide them in
the debates.
3. If you extract liquid from the inflorescence of coconut trees, it gives you ALCOCO
hand sanitizer.
4. Doppler Radars for tropical cyclone and rain monitoring, High Frequency Doppler
Radars for sea waves monitoring, and Flood Forecasting and Warning Systems
(FFWS) will help bolster the capacity of PAGASA to prepare and mitigate the
impact of hydrometeorological hazards such as typhoons and floods if they are
installed.

5
 5. I would study the effect of black hole to human beings and the weather if I were
a scientist.
If-Clause Result-Clause
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

What I Have Learned

Directions: Summarize what you have learned by filling in the table with the needed
information.
Conditional Functio Tenses Formats/ Examples
Structures ns/ If-clause Result- patterns
Uses clause
Zero Conditional
First Conditional
Second
Conditional
Third Conditional

What I Can Do

Directions: Please watch the YouTube video on How to Write an Argumentative Essay.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v_D6K42DTSA&ab_channel=WritingBetter. Then,
write an argumentative essay of a chosen topic using conditional sentences. Refer to
the rubric on the next page on how your argumentative essay will be evaluated.

A. Pre-writing:
1. Think of a current issue/ topic that interests you.
2. Generate ideas related to your topic by exploring your interests, and
experiences. You can also spawn supporting information from interviews,
readings, and brainstorming.
3. Organize the ideas you gathered using an outline.
B. Writing Proper
1. Develop your outline into paragraphs.
2. Organize your arguments. The strongest evidence should come first.
3. Present your arguments in a three-part structure of a report. The
introduction should state the topic and your opinion about it. The
evidence or pieces of evidence to support your opinion is emphasized in
the body. Then, the conclusion summarizes the summary of your
argument and suggested action.
C. Post-Writing
1. Revise your paragraph observing the elements in writing a good
composition.
2. Edit and proofread your work.
3. Let your classmate edit and proofread your essay.
4. Rewrite your essay.

6
Rubrics
Beginning Developing Proficient
Criteria
(5 points) (7 points) (10 points)
Thesis Claim It has no arguable claim. The claim is vague. Claim is well presented.
It only presents the
The details are too Details are relevant and
Reasoning writer’s opinions and
general. original.
beliefs.
Some of the
Opposing The arguments are
Arguments are illogical. arguments are
Viewpoints logical.
illogical.
The structures are The structures are
Structure &
It lacks structure. complete but do not complete and have a
Organization
have clear direction. clear direction.
Sources / It uses relevant
It neglects important It uses relevant variety of
Documentati sources but lacks in
sources. sources.
on variety of sources.
It has 6 or more It has one to five It has no errors in the
conditionals, conditionals, use of conditional
Grammar punctuations, punctuations, sentences, punctuations,
capitalization, and capitalization, and capitalization, and
spelling errors. spelling errors. spelling.

Assessment

Directions: Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter
on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following expresses a conditional statement correctly?
A. If he is very careful, he doesn’t meet an accident.
B. If he was very careful, he will have not meet an accident.
C. If he was very careful, he wouldn’t have met an accident.
D. If he had been very careful, he wouldn’t have met an accident.

2. If I did not lock the door, the burglar would have got in. What makes the sentence
wrong?
A. The word “got” is used instead of gotten.
B. The verb “did not lock” is used instead of locked.
C. The verb “would have got in” should be would get in.
D. The main clause should come first before the if-clause.
3. You will win the race, if you run fast. What makes the sentence wrong?
A. The word “fast” is used instead of fastest.
B. The word “will win” is used instead of “win”.
C. The comma after the main clause should not be used.
D. The if-clause should come first before the main clause.
4. If you put the milk in the fridge, it ___________ sour. Which of the following words
best completes the thought of the sentence?
A. tastes
B. will taste
C. would taste
D. does not taste
5. If I _______ you, I would stay in the hotel room. Which of the following words best
completes the thought of the sentence?
A. am
B. have
C. was
D. were

7
6. If you find my keys, lets me know. What makes the sentence wrong?
A. The comma after the if-clause should not be used.
B. Main clause should come first before the if-clause.
C. The verb “lets” is used instead of “let”.
D. The verb “find” is used instead of will find.
7. You _______ healthier if you don’t eat junk food. Which of the following words best
completes the thought of the sentence?
A. are
B. were
C. will be
D. would be
8. They ________ a lot of money if they want to buy a beach house. Which of the
following words best completes the thought of the sentence?
A. need
B. have
C. will need
D. would need
9. My cousin would have bought his own house if he __________ enough money.
Which of the following words best completes the thought of the sentence?
A. saved
B. has saved
C. had saved
D. have saved
10. You _________ late tomorrow if you stay up late tonight. Which of the following
words best completes the thought of the sentence?
A. are
B. will be
C. shall have been
D. will have been