Arts - Health 9 - Quarter 4 Module 1
Arts - Health 9 - Quarter 4 Module 1
Arts - Health 9 - Quarter 4 Module 1
Theater means ―place of seeing‖, but it is more than the buildings where performance take place. To
produce theater, a playwright writes the scripts, the director rehearses the performers, the designer
and technical crew produce props to create the scenes, and actors and actresses perform on stage.
Then it will only be a true theater act when an audience witnesses it.
Before we proceed to experience how to organize and perform in a theater, we have to acquire
information on the important periods and events in theater history.
Ancient Theater
700 B.C.E.-410 C.E.
(Greek and Roman Theater)
Greek Theater
European theater began in Ancient Greece. It began around 700 B.C. with festivals honoring their
many gods. One god, Dionysus, with a religious festival called, ―The Cult of Dionysus‖, to honor
Dionysus (Di-on-i-sus), the god of wine and fertility. The city-state of Athens was the center of a
significant cultural, political, and military power during this period, where the festivals and
competitions were usually performed. The three well-known Greek tragedy playwrights are Sophocles,
Euripides and Aeschylus.
The theater of ancient Greece consisted of three types of drama: Tragedy, Comedy and the Satyr
play.
Tragedy is a compound of two Greek words, ―tragos‖ or "goat" and ―ᾠδή‖ (ode) meaning "song,
referring to goats sacrificed to Dionysus before performances, or to goat-skins worn by the
performers.
In Greece, tragedy was the most admired type of play. It dealt with tragic events and have an unhappy
ending, especially one concerning the downfall of the main character. Thespis was the first actor and
introduced the use of masks and was called the "Father of Tragedy‖ .
The actors, directors, and dramatists were all the same person. After some time, only three actors
were allowed to perform in each play. Due to limited number of actors allowed on-stage, the chorus
played into a very active part of Greek theatre. Music was often played during the chorus.
Men performed songs to welcome Dionysus and women were not allowed to perform. Competitions in
song, dance, music, scenic representation and bodily exercises were done during the festivals. And to
promote a common identity, Athenians spread these festivals to their numerous allies.
Comedy plays were derived from imitation; there were no traces of their origin. Aristophanes wrote
most of the comedy plays. Out of these 11 plays, Lysistrata survived, a humorous tale about a
strong woman who led a female coalition to end war in Greece. Cyclops was an adventurous comedy
by Euripides.
Satyr Play contains comic elements to lighten the overall mood or a serious play with a happy ending.
The satyr play was a short, lighthearted tailpiece performed after each trilogy of the tragedies. It is
an ancient Greek form of tragic comedy. It featured choruses of satyrs, based on Greek mythology,
and with pretended drunkenness, bold sexuality (including phallic props), tricks, and sight jokes.
This featured half-man / half-goat characters known as Satyrs. They were awful, ridiculous, and
usually drunk. The Satyr characters lusted after everyone on stage, and they delivered the most
humorous lines, often at the expense of others.
Orchestra: A large circular or rectangular area at the center part of the theatre, where the play,
dance, religious rites, and acting took place.
Roman Theater
The theatre of ancient Rome started in the 3rd century BC. It had varied and interesting art
forms, like festival performances of street theatre, acrobatics, the staging of comedies of Plautus,
and the high-verbally elaborate tragedies of Seneca. Although Rome had a native tradition of
performance, the Hellenization (historical spread of ancient Greek culture) of Roman culture in
the 3rd century BC had an intense and energizing effect on Roman theatre and encouraged the
development of Latin literature.
According to Roman historian Livy, in the 4th century BC, the Etruscan actors were the first
experienced theater. While in 240 BC, Roman drama began with the plays of Livius Andronicus.
It remained popular throughout late Antiquity. And by the mid 4th century AD, 102 out of 176
ludi publici being dedicated to theatre, besides a considerably lower number of gladiator and
chariot racing events.
Greek theatres had a great influence on the Roman’s theater, too. The Triumvir Pompey- was
one of the first permanent (non-wooden) theatres in Rome, whose structure was somewhat similar
to the theatron of Athens. The building was a part of a multi-use complex that included a large
quadriporticus (a columned quadrangle), directly behind the scaenae fron-, an elaborately
decorated background of theatre stage, enclosed by the large columned porticos with an
expansive garden complex of fountains and statues. There were rooms also that were dedicated to
the exposition of art and other works collected by Pompey Magnus which were located along the
stretch of covered arcade.
Theatre of Pompey
The usual themes for Roman theater plays were chariots races, gladiators, and
public executions. The Romans loved a good spectacle.
They loved to watch combat, admired blood sports and
gladiator competition. The more realistic the violence,
the more it pleased Roman audiences. The Christians
however opposed the barbaric themes of the plays
and closed down all theaters.
Ro
man Chariots
During the Medieval era, theater performances were
not allowed throughout Europe. To keep the theater
alive, minstrels, though denounced by the Church,
performed in markets, public places and festivals.
They travelled from one town to another as
puppeteers, jugglers, story tellers, dancers,
singers, and other theatrical acts. These
minstrels were viewed as dangerous and
pagan.
Churches in Europe started staging their own theater performances during Easter Sundays with
biblical stories and events. Eventually, some plays were brought outside the church due to their
portrayal of the devil and hell. An example of this kind of play is the ―Mystére d‟Adam” or "The
Mystery of Adam.‖ The story revolves around Adam and Eve and ends with the devil capturing and
bringing them to hell.
Over the centuries, the plays revolved around biblical themes from the Story of the Creation to the
Last Judgment.
“Prevention is better than cure.” Practicing this principle advocates safety awareness which is
essential in achieving quality of life. But our immediate environment poses danger to everyone. No
place is considered safe not even in the comfort of our homes. Accidents may happen to anybody at
any place, at anytime. Thus, taking the right safety measures greatly helps prevent accidents and
injuries. Nevertheless, when accidents happen, it is important to have the knowledge and skills to deal
with them. Having knowledge and skills on safety education and injury prevention could help you,
your loved ones and other people in your community during emergency situations.
This learner’s material offers you a wide array of information that can start you on the road to injury
prevention. It focuses on the common unintentional injuries that may happen at home, in your school,
at work and even in recreational areas, and analyzes why such injuries occur. In order to prevent or
reduce the risks of these serious injuries, you will learn the concepts and principles of safety
education, practice the habits of observing appropriate personal safety measures; and take
responsibility for your safety and that of others by performing appropriate skills and knowledge in first
aid procedure.
To facilitate learning and make it more interesting and enjoyable, various learning aids and strategies
are especially crafted just for you to expand and reinforce your knowledge and skills about safety
education.
Keep in mind that accidents and injuries can be a result of a situation, an unsafe action or unsafe
environment. You can do a lot to prevent injuries by understanding the situation, being cautious and
being aware of safety hazards in your immediate environment.
The processes of developing awareness of immediate hazards and dangers, equipping you with
appropriate accident prevention skills to overcome these hazards, and keeping everyone alive are
components of safety education. Safety education is important because living is more enjoyable when
we are safe. Therefore, make safety a vital part of life.
Always remember that if you want to live happily, you have to:
do things safely
reduce the risk of accidents
reduce unnecessary risk taking
develop safety consciousness at all times
Once you internalize safety awareness in your system, this influences you will think and act with due
regard for your safety and that of others as well.
Here is what you need to know…
Do you think you did the right action for each situation? Do not worry. As you go on with this module,
you will discover the proper ways of addressing those situations.
First Aid is an immediate and temporary care given to a person who suddenly gets ill or injured. It
includes self-help and home care if medical assistance is not available or delayed. It can mean the
difference between life and death in extreme cases. However, we must know the limits of the first aid
we can give because improper first aid can actually do more harm than good in some instances.
Anyone who gives first aid is a first aider.
TRUE OR FALSE
DIRECTION: Write T if the statement is true and F if it is wrong. WRITE THE ANSWER ON THE
SPACE PROVIDED.
_________ 1. The usual themes for Roman theater plays were chariots races, gladiators, and
public executions
_________ 2. During the Medieval era, theater performances were not allowed throughout Europe
_________ 3. European theater began in Ancient Greece
_________ 4. The Triumvir Pompey- was one of the first permanent (non-wooden) theatres in Rome
_________ 5. The satyr play was a short, lighthearted tailpiece performed after each trilogy of the
tragedies
_________ 6. Thespis was the first actor and introduced the use of masks and was called the "Father of
Tragedy‖ .
_________ 7. The theatre of ancient Rome started in the 3rd century BC
_________ 8. Theatre buildings were called theatron
_________ 9. The three well-known Greek tragedy playwrights are Sophocles, Euripides and Aeschylus.
_________ 10. Comedy plays were popular too in the Roman Theater from 350 to 250 B.C. and
women were allowed to perform on stage.