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    Water Soluble Vitamins 3

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    Farheen Nawazi
    The document discusses several water soluble vitamins including pantothenic acid, biotin, pyridoxine (B6), and folate. It covers their roles, deficiency symptoms, food sources, and recommended daily intakes. Key roles include metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins as well as DNA and cell synthesis.

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    Water Soluble Vitamins 3

    Uploaded by

    Farheen Nawazi
    9 views20 pages
    The document discusses several water soluble vitamins including pantothenic acid, biotin, pyridoxine (B6), and folate. It covers their roles, deficiency symptoms, food sources, and recommended daily intakes. Key roles include metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins as well as DNA and cell synthesis.

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    The document discusses several water soluble vitamins including pantothenic acid, biotin, pyridoxine (B6), and folate. It covers their roles, deficiency symptoms, food sources, and recommended daily intakes. Key roles include metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins as well as DNA and cell synthesis.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    9 views20 pages

    Water Soluble Vitamins 3

    Uploaded by

    Farheen Nawazi
    The document discusses several water soluble vitamins including pantothenic acid, biotin, pyridoxine (B6), and folate. It covers their roles, deficiency symptoms, food sources, and recommended daily intakes. Key roles include metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins as well as DNA and cell synthesis.

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    Water Soluble Vitamins

    Pantothenic Acid

    • Part of Coenzyme-A

    • Essential for metabolism of CHO, fat, protein

    • Deficiency rare

    • Usually in combination with other deficiencies

    • No known toxicity
    Food Sources of Pantothenic acid
    • Meat Milk

    • Mushroom Liver

    • Peanut Eggs

    • Adequate Intake = 5 mg/day

    • Daily Value 10 mg

    • Average intake meets AI


    Biotin

    • Free and bound form

    • Metabolism of CHO and fat

    • Assists the addition of CO2 to other compounds

    • Synthesis of glucose, fatty acids, DNA

    • Help break down certain amino acids


    Biotin deficiency
    • Raw egg whites avidin bind biotin and deficiency

    • Scaly inflamed skin, tongue, and lip changes

    • Poor appetite, nausea, vomiting

    • Anemia

    • Muscle pain and weakness

    • Poor growth
    Food sources of biotin

    • Cauliflower, yolk, liver, peanuts, cheese

    • Intestinal synthesis of biotin

    • Biotin content only available for a small number of

    foods

    • Unsure as to bioavailablity of synthesized biotin

    • We excrete more than we consume

    • Adequate Intake is 30 ug/day for adults


    Pyridoxine (B6)

    • 3 compounds – pyridoxal, pyridoxine and pyridoxamine

    • Acts as coenzyme

    • Activate enzymes needed for metabolism of CHO, fat ,


    protein

    • Synthesize nonessential amino acid via transamination

    • Synthesize neurotransmitters

    • Synthesize hemoglobin and WBC


    Other roles of Vitamin B6

    Homocysteine

    • Produces toxic effect on arterial walls (atherosclerosis)

    • Metabolized by vitamins B6, B12 and folate


    Food Sources of Vitamin B6

    Well absorbed

    • Meat, fish, poultry Enriched cereals

    • Potatoes Milk

    Less well absorbed

    • Fruits and vegetables: Banana, spinach, avocado

    Heat and alkaline sensitive


    Vitamin B6 deficiency

    Widespread symptoms

    • Depression Vomiting

    • Skin disorders Nerve irritation

    • Impaired immune system


    Vitamin B6 toxicity
    • Nerve damage

    • Difficulty in walking

    • Numbness in hands/feet

    Requirement : 2mg/day for adults

    • Athletes may need more

    • Alcohol destroys vitamin B6


    Folate
     Coenzyme
     DNA synthesis
     Anticancer drug methotrexate
     Homocysteine metabolism
     Neurotransmitter formation
     Folate to create DNA.
     Because of this, folate plays an extremely important role
    in preventing birth defects during early pregnancy.
     Folate also helps maintain the health of your red blood
    cells.
    Deficiency of Folate

    • Similar signs and symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency

    • Megaloblastic Anemia

    • Pregnant women – neural tube defects in new born


    Neural Tube Defects
    Spina bifida

    • Neural tube closes first 28 days of pregnancy

    • Forms brain and spinal cord

    • By the time pregnancy is confirmed, damage is


    done
    Folate and Homocysteine

    • High homocysteine levels in blood associated with increased risk

    of CVD

    • Folate deficiency → homocysteinemia

    RDA

    • 200 ug/day for adults

    • (500 ug/day for pregnant women)


    Food Sources of Folate

    • Liver Fortified breakfast


    cereals

    • Grains, legumes Foliage vegetables

    • Susceptible to heat, oxidation, ultraviolet light

    • Synthetic form better absorbed


    • Food Sources of Folate

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