Material Synthesis

Micro Project

Collect information related to Functional Resin

Name Of Student – Fulmali Dipak Baapu

Roll No.- 12
Semester – SC 2I Year – 2021
Subject Name – Material Synthesis
Project name - Collect information related to Functional
Resin.
Mentor – Mr. Anil Dhage sir
College – DES Technical Institute Pune, 04.
A synthetic resin is a chemical substance this is artificially created to mimic the
traits of its naturally going on counterpart. Synthetic resins are noncrystalline or
viscous liquids which might be secreted from paints.
Synthetic resins are industrially manufactured via the manner of polymerization,
which includes the introduction of chainrelated polymers, allowing far extra
stable, homogenous resulting structures than is found in naturally going on
resins.
• Unsaturated Polyesters
• Alkyds
• Epoxies
• Acrylics
• Vinyls
• Polyacetals
• Palyurathanes
• Amina resins
• Phenolic resins
• Rosin modified resin
• Maleic resins
• Ketonic Resins
• Isocynate adducts
• polyamides
• Silicones
• Cellulose acetate Butyrate
• Nitrocellulose
• Chlorinated poly propylene
Forms of Resins
l. Solid
2. Liquid - 100% Liquid
Solution in Solvent.

3. Emulsion
4. Dispersion

Physical Parameters of Resin

Appearance - Solid/ Liquid
Clarity - Whether clear / turbid / hazy / free of foreign particles % Solids
Viscosity at specific temperature
Dilution viscosity
Solvent Tolerance
Specific Gravity
• Softening / melting point
• Compatibility with co-resin/other resin
• Pot life (in case of two pack coatings) Gel Time

Chemical Parameters
Acid Value
Hydroxyl value
Amine value
Epoxy Value
Isocyanate content
Formaldehyde content
Methylol Content
Curing or Drying Parameters
1. Ambient temperature Drying using driers (Metalic Soaps)
2. Elevated Temperature drying using driers or crosslinker using specific
ratios
Dry Film Properties
Appearance
Clarity of the film Scratch hardness Pencil hardness
Impact resistance Flexibility
Gloss

Resistance to water

1 . Saturated Polyesters
Saturated polyester resin is the reaction of polybasic acids and polyols and has
primarily used for non-stick pan,glue, PET coil, metallic baking paint like
automotive acid.

Raw Materials
Aliphatic dibasic acids, Aromatic dibasic acids, THPA, HHPA, T MA, etc.
Glycols

Functional Groups
Carboxyl, Hydroxyl/ Ester

Major End Uses

Auto OEM and refinishes, coil coatings, Powder coatings

2. Unsaturated Polyesters
Copolyesters are unsaturated polyesters — that is, polyesters prepared from a satura
as well as an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid or anhydride (usually maleic anhydride).

Raw Materials
Aliphatic dibasic acids, Aromatic dibasic acids like Maleic anhydride, Fumeric
acid, G

Functional Groups
Carboxyl, Hydroxyl, Ester, unsaturation.

Major End Uses

Wood finishes, Automobile putty
3.Alkyds
Alkyd resins are polyester thermoplastic resins made with polybasic acids or their anhydrides by
heating polyhydric alcohols. These are used to produce protective coatings with strong weathering
properties and due to their durability and low cost, these are important ingredients in many synthetic
paints.

Raw Materials
Oils, Aromatic dibasic acids, Unsaturated dibasic acids like Maleic anhydride, Fumeric acid

Functional Groups
Carboxyl, Hydroxyl, Ester, unsaturation.

Major End Uses

Architectural coatings, Industrial Coatings (Ambient Temperature drier/Elevated temperature drying)

Alkyd Resins Oil Length

An alkyd resin's oil length is known as the amount of oil used to produce 100 grams of resin. As the
resin's oil length increases, viscosity usually decreases, the film's hardness decreases, film durability
increases, and water resistance decrease.

The word alkyd derives from alcohol and acid. Alkyds are prepared from the polyols, dibasic acids,
and fatty acids condensation reaction. The portion of fatty acid is derived from vegetable matter and is,
therefore, a renewable resource. The main performance characteristics of alkyds include their ability to
deliver improved surface wetting (from the bio-based fatty acid portion of substrates and pigments) and
lower cost (also from the fatty acid portion in particular). Glycerol, pentaerythritol, and
trimethylolpropane are the most commonly used polyols, while phthalic anhydride and •sophthalic acid
are most widely used dibasic acids. Get some ideas on theypes of Figments.

The amount of fatty acid applied to the alkyd resin polyester backbone. Oil length is specified in 100
percent solid alkyd resin as the total weight of oil.
When oil length is higher than 60%, 'long-oil alkyd resin," between 40% and 60%, "medium-oil alkyd
resin," less than 40%, "short-oil alkyd resin."
4. Epoxies
Epoxy resins are used for the manufacture of adhesives, coatings, paints, plastics, primers and sealers, floors and other items and materials used
in building applications. Epoxies are plastics of thermoset farmed by the reaction of two or more industrial chemical compounds.

Raw Materials
Bisphenol A 8 epichlorohydrin

Functional Groups
Ether, epoxy, Hydroxy

Major End Uses

Industrial maintenance coating, Chemical Resistant Paints, Electrodeposition Paints, Powder coatings.

5. Acrylics (thermoplastic)
Solvent-based acrylic coating resin is the polymer that is formed by unsaturated bonds from the cross-linking reaction between acrylic and ester
monomer. Acrylic resin is made up of types of thermoplastics and thermosetting. Acrylic paint is highly heat, water and chemical resistant. Also
read about the raw materials.

Raw Materials
Soft 8 hard monomers

Functional Groups
Carbon Carbon bond

Major End Uses

Coating on plane substrates such as ABS, HIPS. etc. (Cabinets, Mobile phones. etc). Touch up paints(aerosol coatings), Coat on concrete.

6. Acrylic (Thermosetting)
Acrylic resin includes types of thermoplastic and thermosetting. Acrylic paint is highly heat, water and chemical resistant. In addition, it can
copolymerize to meet the performance requirements of hardness and softness with other monomers.

Used primarily in cement painting based on oil, plastic paint, marine paint, automotive baking paint, appliances / metal baking paint. automotive
refinishing, wood coating, etc.

Raw Materials
Soft & hard functional monomers

Functional Groups
Hydroxyl, carboxyl, Etherified N-methylol groups, etc.

Major End Uses

Automotive Paints (top coats far metal & plastic components)
7. Polyamides (reactive)
A polyam'de is a multi-unit macromolecule connected by amide bands. Naturally and artificially. polyamides occur. Proteins, such as wool and
silk, are sources of naturally occurring polyamides. Using step-growth polymerization or solid-phase synthesis, which yields materials such as
nylons, aramids, and sodium poly(aspartate), polyamides can be made artificially. Because of their high durability and strength, synthetic
polyamides are commonly used in textiles, automotive, carpets, kitchen utensils, and sportswear. The major consumer is the transportation
manufacturing industry, accounting for 35% of polyamide (PA)consumption.

Raw Materials
Dimer fatty acid, monobasic fatty acid, triethylene tera amine, triethylene pentaamine, diethylene triamine

Functional Groups
Amide, amino

Major End Uses

Harder for epoxy coating

8. Polyamides (Non-reactive)
Polyamide resins based on dimer acid (DAB) are either reactive or non-reactive. Of epoxy resins used in surface coatings and adhesives, reactive
polyamides are mainly used as curing agents. Non-reactive DAB polyamides are commonly used in hot-melt adhesives as well as in printing
inks.

Raw Materials
Dimer fatty acid, Monobasic fatty acid, Ethylene diamine

Functional Groups
Amide

Major End Uses

Printing inks for polyphenic substrates

9. Pure Phenolic Resins (Resols)

The resin provided is treated using top grade chemicals. In varnishes, enamels and lacquers, this resin is widely used. In fact, at the most
affordable prices, this Pure Phenolic Resin is made available to customers.

Raw Materials
Phenol formaldehyde, Alcohols, such as butanol, etc.

Functional Groups
Methylene bridge, Ether, methylol, etherified methylol

Major End Uses

Curing agent for epoxies and silicon at elevated temperatures, Sp. varnishes

10. Rosin Modified Phenolic Resins

Rosin Modified Phenolic Resin is a vacuum-treated glycerol (or penta erythrite) esterification product containing rosin, phenol (or bisphenol A)
and formaldehyde polycondensate.

Raw Materials
Rosin Sis-phenol A, Para tertiary Butyl phenol, Paraformaldehyde Penta, glycerine

Functional Groups
Methylene bridge, ether, methylol, etherified methylol

Major End Uses

Printing inks, Vehicles, Hammer tone binders
11. Rosin Modified Maleic Resins
Maleic resin is produced by esterification with the polyhydric alcohol from gum rosin and maleic anhydride. LIMaleic resins are used to
improve shine, hardness, drying rate, abrasion resistance and yellow resistance primarily for surface coatings and primers. In Toluene, Xylene,
White Spirits, completely Soluble.

Raw Materials
Rosin, Maleic anhydride, Fumeric acid, penta, glycerine, etc.

Functional groups
Ester, carboxyl, hydroxyl

Major End Uses

Picture varnish, Flexo inks, hammer tone binder, nitro cellulose based paints.

12. Isocyanate Adducts

In many industrial fields, polymers prepared by polyisocyanate reaction, hereinafter referred to as isocyanate adducts, are used. For example,
polyurethanes, poly isocyanurates and polyureas are adducts of isocyanate.

Raw Materials

TDI, HOI, IPDI, TMP

Functional Groups
Urethane, isocyanate

Major End Uses

Crosslinker for alkyd, epoxy and acrylic polyol

13. Amino Resin

Amino resins are polymers that are thermosetting created by combining an aldehyde with an amino (NH2) group compound. Urea-formaldehyde
(U / F) accounts for more than of amino resins; most of the remainder are accounted for by melamine-formaldehyde. Certain aldehydes and
other amino compounds are used for a very low extent.

Raw Materials
Urea, Melamine, Paraformaldehyde, Butanol

Functional groups
Ether, Methylol, etherfied methylol, imino

Major End Uses

Crosslinker for alkyd, epoxy and acrylic polyol.

14. Ketonic Resins

Ketone-aldehyde resins are condensation products of cyclohexanone and an aldehyde such as formaldehyde or isobutyraldehyde, also known as
cyclohexanone or ketonic resins. When mixed with these resins, gloss, hardness, adhesion, and heat and light resistance are often improved.

Raw Materials
Cyclohexanone, isophorone, formaldehyde

Functional Groups
Ether, Methylene, hydroxyl

Major End Uses

Picture varnishes 8 Flexo inks
15. Silicones
Silicone resins are a form of silicone material formed by branched, cage-like oligasiloxane with a general RnSiXmOy formula, where R is a
nonreactive substituent, usually Methyl (Me) or Phenyl (Ph), and X is a functional group of Hydrogen (H), Hydroxyl (OH), Chlorine (Cl) or
Alkoxy (OR).

Raw Materials
Silane diols, silane trials

Functional Groups
Silicon oxygen bond, ether, hydroxyl

Major End Uses

Heat resistant coatings

16. Vinyls
Vinyl ester resin, or often simply vinyl ester, is a resin formed with acrylic or methacrylic acids by esterification Of an ep.Q.zy-L2åj.L

Raw Materials
Vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate, maleic anhydride

Functional Groups
carbon carbon bond, carboxyl, hydroxyl

Major End Uses

Modifying resin

17. Polyacetal Resins

Polyacetal resins, also classified as acetal or polyoxymethylene (ROM) resins, are essential engineering resins with outstanding wear resistance
and extraordinary chemical, thermal, electrical and mechanical properties.
Raw Materials
Polyvinyl alcohol, formaldehyde, butyraldehyde

Functional Groups
carbon carbon bond, ether, hydroxyl

Major End Uses

Etch primer, flex ink