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Topic 3 Exercises: - Introduction To Sampling Distributions (Mean and Proportion)

- Exercise 1 examines whether oranges from an orchard have less juice this year, with the average dropping from 4.7 to 4.5 ounces based on a sample of 64 oranges. There is essentially no chance the average would be that low if the population average was still 4.7 ounces, so the fruit must be drier. - Exercise 2 considers a sample of 200 business travelers, calculating the probability the sample proportion favoring smoke-free rooms is within 4% of the population proportion of 74%. It also determines that a sample size of at least 1,302 would be needed to have a 90% probability of being within 2% of the population proportion.

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37 views

Topic 3 Exercises: - Introduction To Sampling Distributions (Mean and Proportion)

- Exercise 1 examines whether oranges from an orchard have less juice this year, with the average dropping from 4.7 to 4.5 ounces based on a sample of 64 oranges. There is essentially no chance the average would be that low if the population average was still 4.7 ounces, so the fruit must be drier. - Exercise 2 considers a sample of 200 business travelers, calculating the probability the sample proportion favoring smoke-free rooms is within 4% of the population proportion of 74%. It also determines that a sample size of at least 1,302 would be needed to have a 90% probability of being within 2% of the population proportion.

Uploaded by

Ahmad Malak
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Topic 3 Exercises

• Introduction to Sampling Distributions


(mean and proportion)
Exercise 1
An orange juice producer buys oranges from a large orchard
nearby. Last year the average orange from the orchard contained
4.7 ounces of juice with a standard deviation of .4 ounces. This
year the oranges seem “drier.” The orchard manager claims that
there is no difference. To settle the matter, the juicer samples 64
oranges and finds the average is 4.5 ounces. While the sample
average is obviously less than 4.7 ounces, the orchard manager
claims this is typical sample variation and does not indicate a
problem. Is he right? Explain your answer
Exercise 1 - Solution

4.5 − 4.7 0.2


𝑃 𝑥 ≤ 4.5 = P z ≤ =𝑃 𝑧≤−
0.4 0.05
64
= 𝑃 𝑧 ≤ −4 ≈ 0

There is no chance that the average would be that


low if the population average was 4.7.
• This can’t be normal sample variation.
• I conclude that the fruit is drier.
Exercise 2
USA Today reported that 74% of business travelers prefer to stay
in a smoke-free hotel room. A sample of 200 business travelers is
selected.
a. What is the probability that the sample proportion will be
within ±0.04 of the population proportion?
b. Suppose the probability that a sample proportion will be
within ±0.02 of the population mean is 0.9. What is the
sample size n?
Exercise 2 - Solution
𝑝 = 0.74, 𝑛 = 200

𝑝 1−𝑝 0.74×0.26
𝜎𝑝ҧ = = = 0.031
𝑛 200

a. 𝑃 𝑝 − 0.04 ≤ 𝑝ҧ ≤ 𝑝 + 0.04 ?
𝑝−0.04 −𝑝 𝑝+0.04 −𝑝
𝑃 𝑝 − 0.04 ≤ 𝑝ҧ ≤ 𝑝 + 0.04 = 𝑃 ≤𝑧≤
𝜎𝑝ഥ 𝜎𝑝ഥ
0.04 0.04
=𝑃 − ≤𝑧≤ = 𝑃 −1.29 ≤ 𝑧 ≤ 1.29
0.031 0.031
= 2 × 𝑃 0 ≤ 𝑧 ≤ 1.29 = 2 × 0.4015 = 0.8030
Exercise 2 - Solution
b. 𝑃 𝑝 − 0.02 ≤ 𝑝ҧ ≤ 𝑝 + 0.02 = 0.9. n?
0.02 0.02
𝑃 − ≤𝑧≤ = 0.9
𝑝 1−𝑝 𝑝 1−𝑝
𝑛 𝑛
0.02
⇒2×𝑃 0≤𝑧 ≤ = 0.9
𝑝 1−𝑝
𝑛
0.02
⇒𝑃 0≤𝑧≤ = 0.45
0.74 × 0.26
𝑛
From normal distribution table: probability of 0.45  𝑧 = 1.645
0.02 0.022 1.6452
1.645 ≤ ⇒ 1.6452 ≤ 0.74×0.26 ⇒n≥ 0.74 × 0.26
0.74×0.26 0.022
𝑛
𝑛
𝑛 ≥ 1301.59 ≈ 1302 business travellers

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