Assessment # 3: Author Name SUPERVISOR NAME Course Detail
Assessment # 3: Author Name SUPERVISOR NAME Course Detail
Assessment # 3: Author Name SUPERVISOR NAME Course Detail
Author Name
SUPERVISOR NAME Course detail
Contents
Progress Update....................................................................................................................................1
Basic idea of geopolymer concrete (Week 1-5).................................................................................1
Different types of geopolymer concrete (week 4-7)..............................................................................2
Alkali Activated Slag concrete............................................................................................................2
Fly ash geopolymer concrete.............................................................................................................2
Metakaolin use in Geopolymer.........................................................................................................3
Durability Issues of Concrete (Week 6 – 10)..........................................................................................3
Changes in the milestones.....................................................................................................................4
Risk Associated in the Project................................................................................................................4
Risk to client......................................................................................................................................4
Risk to HSE.........................................................................................................................................4
Risk to supervisor..............................................................................................................................4
Risk to student...................................................................................................................................4
Technical Risk using a Matrix.............................................................................................................5
Sustainability Statement........................................................................................................................5
Ethics Statement...................................................................................................................................6
Demonstration of integrity................................................................................................................6
Practise competently.........................................................................................................................6
Exercise leadership................................................................................................................................7
Promote sustainability...........................................................................................................................7
Adherence to Communications Plan.....................................................................................................7
Progress Update
Following the plan to complete the project, progress is being made according to the Gantt chart
provided in last assessment. More than 50 percent of the literature review has been completed.
Through literature review of many articles and review papers basic idea of the geopolymer has been
understood completely. After getting the idea of the geopolymer concrete reactions next step was to
study the different types of geopolymer concretes and later in next step the detailed geopolymer
reactions are studied in detail. Currently the behavior of conventional concrete as compared to the
geopolymer concrete is being studied and durability problem of conventional concrete is being
identified.
Geopolymer concrete is a type of concrete in which silicate-alumino material reacts with alkalis to
produce inorganic polymers which are named as the geopolymer [8]. When material having oxides
of aluminates and silicates reacts with the alkalis, they produce the 3D polymerized chains forms
which helps in strength. As in OPC concrete C-S-H gel is produced, in geopolymer concrete due to
alkali activation A-S-H gel is produced which gives concrete strength. Geopolymer concrete has
variables which needed to be studied. Use of type of cementitious materials plays a key role for
different characteristics of alkali activated concrete. alkali activated concrete using slag, fly ash
geopolymers, metakaolin based geopolymer and rice husk based geopolymer concrete are one of
the few examples of cementitious material that can be used for geopolymer concrete. Basic
difference between conventional concrete and geopolymer concrete is replacement of cement and
use of alkali solution instead of the water. Use of type of material and alkali solutions varies for
every type of geopolymer concrete.
All above-mentioned problems are common durability problems and therefore not discussed in
detail. Freeze thaw problem is related to the freezing of water in the pores of solutions which
expands of freezing and thus damages the concrete. Acid attack is the related to the exposure of
concrete to the acids which degrades its strength. Alkali aggregate reaction has two basic reactions
which are alkali silicate reaction and alkali aggregate reaction. It is a reaction between reactive
aggregates and alkalis in the concrete which produces the expansive gel which causes the damage in
the concrete. Sulphate attack is attack in which due to sulphates expansion in the concrete occurs
and concrete is degraded. Delayed ettringite is also kind of sulphate attack in which ettringite
produced at the very early stages of hydration of cement is broken into ions due to high
temperature and later when concrete is hardened ettringite reforms when sulphates are available.
Due to expansive property of ettringite when it formed when concrete is hardened damage is
manifested in the concrete.
Changes in the milestones
New milestone which is necessary for this project has been identified form the detailed literature
review. This milestone identifies the ways to tackle with the durability issues in the geopolymer
concrete which has also been caused in the conventional concrete. This task requires to identify the
durability issues in the geopolymer concrete and finds the reasons why these durability issues has
been caused in the geopolymer concrete. This part of projects also explain how durability issues in
conventional concrete can be eliminated using the geopolymer concrete.
Project delays is commonly seen and can happen due to many reasons. Proper literature review,
combinational channels and scheduling is required to avoid this. Cost overhead is caused by the
improper estimation of whole project. Budget for hidden cost of project should also be reserved for
such incidents. Cost overheads can also be caused due to the delay in the project. Geopolymer
concrete is complex concrete and involves the risk using chemical of high concentration and for
safety reason proper training is required for use of geopolymer concrete. So, this put the risk of
project to be implemented in the field.
Risk to HSE
Use of high concentrated chemical
Risk of equipment damage
Health and safety are the priority in the project and due to use of highly concentrated sodium
hydroxide in lab as well as in field conditions put at risk to the workers. And use of chemicals in huge
amount further enhances the risk. To minimize the risk proper precautions and proper training is
required. Use of chemicals in the geopolymer can also damage different equipment in the lab and in
the field. Use of high concentration more than recommended guideline shouldn’t be used.
Risk to supervisor
Communications risk towards client and student
Funding risks
Communication between the student and supervisor is very important for the smooth progress of
the project. Wrong interpretation of information by student and client can lead to delay in project
and in some cases leads to the failure of the project. Delay in the funding form client can also lead to
delay of the project. To eliminate the communication risks proper meeting should be done between
all parties should be scheduled. For better utilization of money proper attention is required on the
cost of the project.
Risk to student
Delay in experiments
Wrong interpretation of results
Errors in the experimentations
Improper testing facilities
Proper scheduling is required for each, and every experiment required to be performed in the
project. Procedure in case to delay should also be discussed in advance with the supervisor to
reduce the delay risks. To avoid wrong interpretation of the results obtained from the
experimentation, every result should be discussed with the supervisor. Proper specified standard
guidelines should be followed to avoid the errors in the experimentation. To avoid testing on
improper testing machines proper checks should be applied by student.
Sustainability Statement
A lot of information about geopolymer is used form the literature and standards. Based on
the research of different researcher’s further research is conducted in the project. Proper
citation is done when using some research.
Geopolymer concrete is durable concrete and is very long-lasting material. Structures
produced by the geopolymer concrete usually last more than couple of decades. But
geopolymer concrete can also be used in production of recycled concrete that makes this
project producing long lasting and recyclable concretes.
Producing and designing geopolymer concrete is system-based project in which different
guidelines and standards are followed and different checks are followed to ensure the safety
and strength. Normally when designing the concrete normally there are no intentions to
produce the concrete that is recyclable concrete. But recent studies are showing that
concrete can be used as recyclable material.
Many checks are used in the production of geopolymer concrete that makes it durable.
Increasing freeze and thaw resistance, porosity reduction, AAR resistance and sulphate
resistance makes it very durable. But no effort is being done to make a concrete durable
because doing so reduces the strength very badly.
Using fly ash and slag in making concrete not only uses the waste products but also reduces
the carbon footprints. Geopolymer concrete inspires the reduction of carbon dioxide and
uses the material which produces the pollution. Fly ash when dumped causes lot of pollution
and by using it in the concrete play great role in reduction of pollution.
Concrete production produces a lot of carbon dioxide and use of geopolymer concrete helps
us in the reduction of carbon footprints because every material we are using are by products
of industries except use of natural aggregates. To minimize the pollution caused by the
production of crushed aggregates natural aggregates or recycle concrete aggregates can be
used which further reduces the damage to environment. But in my research, I am not suing
recycle aggregates because geopolymer is relatively new technology and lot of research is
needed for the incorporation of recycle aggregates.
Concrete technology is very developed technology and have multiple ways to get the desired
results. For example, if we want workable concrete, we can use plasticizers and if less
consistency is required, we can use water reducers. In case of geopolymers by changing the
concentration and volume of alkali activator solutions desired results can be easily obtained.
Proper checks, proper guideline, tests, standards, and detailed research approve the use of
geopolymer concrete to minimize the environmental effects and ensure maximum safety.
Safety factors are also applied in the designing of concrete for further safety of the people
and environment.
Ethics Statement
Demonstration of integrity
Every effort in this project is done to produce a product which is well designed for the well
being of people. All rules, standards and precautions are checked and followed to the best of
knowledge and are proved by the experimentations.
Proper citation and credits will be given at the end of project to researchers because based
on their knowledge and efforts, a lot of guidance was available to complete the project. All
findings form my research will be well supported with the help of experiment results
according to the standards and codes.
Every project member is being treated with the proper respect. Nothing in my project
relates any thing with any religion, race, or any nationality.
Practise competently
Review in detail literature is done in this project to develop understanding and expertise in
geopolymer concrete which helped in developing the knowledge and helped me in achieving
my goals professional manner.
Whole project goals will be achieved by following proper codes and standards and no illegal
practice will be done to complete the goals.
Exercise leadership
Advocation of ethical practices can’t be done in this project because whole project is based
on the literature review and based on that recommendation for using geopolymer concretes
are given.
Diversity in engineering is promoted by describing different concretes and their different
properties.
Proper communication between supervisor and client is planned during the progress of
project.
Promote sustainability
Based on the study on the properties of alkali activators, it was found out that alkali
activators can be dangerous and should be used by following proper instructions. It will be
informed in the report that using geopolymer can be dangerous if proper instructions are
not followed.
Future environmental consequences are dealt by reduction of carbon footprints by using the
geopolymer concrete because replacement of cement because production of cement
involves emission of carbon dioxide. Almost 7 % of total carbon dioxide in the world
associated with production of cement [1].
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superplasticisers in reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the manufacturing of portland
cement. International Journal of Structural Engineering, 2010. 1(2).
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5. Campos, H.F., et al., Low-cement high-strength concrete with partial replacement of
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8. Davidovits, J., Geopolymer Chemistry and Applications. Vol. 171. 2008.
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Mechanical strength behaviour. Cement and Concrete Research, 1999. 29(8): p. 1313-1321.
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Cement and Concrete Composites, 2012. 34(2): p. 131-139.
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the presence of silica fume. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2017. 149: p. 1062-1067.
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