PoE, IoT, Emergency Services and

Emerging Technologies

Denise L. Pappas
Valcom/Keltron
 Intelligent Building Trend

Traditional Building Converged Building

• Multiple systems • Multiple building
• Multiple proprietary systems over a
cabling types single IT cabling
infrastructure
• Multiple trades
• Power and control
• Multiple AC outlets over the same
infrastructure
Agenda: Planning Your IP Infrastructure

• Structured (IP) Cabling

and Market Trends
• Codes & Standards
• Power (PoE) Options &
Concerns
• Cabling System
Layouts for LED
Lighting
IP Cabling Selection
Copper and fiber cable types for bandwidth/resolution and
distance for data and power
 Trending – the Move to IP Cabling

Traditional Building
Employ a vast array of
different protocols and
cabling systems

Converged Building
Multiple building systems over a
single IT cabling infrastructure One cable type means:
(fiber and copper) • Rapid deployment
• Reduced labor costs
 Recognized Horizontal Cables
The following types of horizontal cables are recognized in TIA Standards

• Four-pair 100Ω balanced twisted-pair

• Two-core (two strand) OM1, OM2, OM3, OM4 and OM5 multimode
optical fiber
• Two-core OS1 & OS2 single mode optical fiber
Balanced Twisted Pair Copper Cable Types

Category 3 (voice only), 5e, 6, 6A Category 7, 7A, 8

 Copper Performance Categories
Components Bandwidth
(cable and connecting hardware) Maximum Recommended
(Characterization
Application
Frequency)
ISO/IEC ANSI/TIA

Category 3 Category 3 16 MHz 10BASE-T

Category 5 Category 5e 100 MHz 100BASE-TX

Category 6 Category 6 250 MHz 1000BASE-T

Category 6A Category 6A 500 MHz 10GBASE-T

Category 7 -- 600 MHz 10GBASE-T and cable sharing

Category 7A -- 1000 MHz Beyond 10GBASE-T, cable sharing

and broadband video
Category 8.1 Category 8 2 GHz 25GBASE-T and 40GBASE-T

Category 8.2 -- 2 GHz 25GBASE-T and 40GBASE-T

Performance designations are based on International Standard ISO/IEC 11801:2011 Ed. 2.2 and North American
Standard ANSI/TIA-568.2-D. (ANSI/TIA-568-C.2-1)
Optical Fiber Types

62,5µm
50µm 9µm

OM1, OM2 OM3, OM4 OS1a, OS2

Multimode Singlemode
Features & Benefits
Copper Fiber
Category 6 – 250 MHz OM3 – up to 1500 MHz/km1
Bandwidth Category 6A – 500 MHz OM4 – up to 3500 MHz/km1
Category 7A – 1000 MHz Singlemode - unlimited
100 m (90m of horizontal cable; Multimode – Up to 2km2
Distance 10m of patch cables) Singlemode - Up to 40km2
Data and PoE (Power over Data only
Applications Ethernet)
(Power can be achieved through a hybrid
cable with media converters)

Factory terminated (trunks) or

Termination RJ45 field termination Requires trained/skilled labor for
field termination
Multimode cable - $$$
$ - Most cost effective cable and
Cost connectivity
Singlemode cable - $$
Electronics/Transceivers - $$$$
1Minimum Overfilled Modal Bandwidth at 850nm wavelength
2Application and fiber type dependent
Codes and Standards
Resources to help with your infrastructure design
Meeting Applicable Codes & Standards
• ANSI/TIA-862-B “Structured Cabling
Infrastructure Standard for Intelligent
Building Systems”
• ISO/IEC 11801 part 6 “Distributed Building
Services”
• ANSI/BICSI 007-2017, “Information
Communication Technology Design and
Implementation Practices for Intelligent
Buildings and Premises”
• NEC 2017 Code
Copper Media Selection Category 6
UTP
Shielded
• TIA TSB-184-A-2017 Category 6A
• Category 6A recommended Category 5e

• TIA-862-B-2017
• Category 6; category 6A recommended

• ISO/IEC 11801-6 Ed1.0

• Class EA or higher

• BICSI 007-2017
• Category 6A/Class EA or higher recommended
ANSI/TIA-862-B-2016
Structured Cabling Infrastructure Standard for Intelligent
Building Systems
General substitution of the term “intelligent building system”
for the previous term “building automation system”
Addition of guidance for cabling for:
Wireless systems
Remote powering over balanced twisted-pair cabling
Smart lighting
ANSI/TIA-862-B-2016 Horizontal Topology Options
ANSI/BICSI-007-2017: ICT Design for
Intelligent Buildings
Integrating Applications on ICT Network
• Communications Infrastructure & Network
Integration
• Design Considerations (Power, Data,
Zone Cabling)
• Building Systems (Lighting, Digital
Signage, Vertical Transportation, Sound
Systems, ESS, etc.)
• Building Monitoring Systems
• Commissioning
Designing a Telecom Room that Supports Multiple
Systems Wall-Mounted
Systems
Wireless Device
Systems
Future Racks and
Systems

Core Network

Specialty Systems
Dual TRs that Provides Restricted Access
to the Core Network

Critical/Sensitive
Information Systems

Restricted
Access
BICSI 007: Horizontal Cabling Elements

(Optional)

Non-structured option
 Modular Plug Terminated Link (MPTL)
(H)CP Housed in a
Zone Enclosure
Patch Panel in a TR

100m
Total Copper Channel Distance
• The MPTL is constructed by direct field termination of horizontal cabling at the
device end with a modular plug - replacing the TO/SO and associated Work Area
(WA) cord.
• TIA-568.2-E requires that horizontal cable be terminated onto a TO. In certain
cases there may be a need to terminate horizontal cables directly to a plug.
• BICSI-007 recognizes the MPTL and refers to it as a direct connection method,
with or without an HCP
 MPTL/Direct Connect Applications

• IoT and Intelligent Buildings driving the proliferation of IP-based and

PoE-based devices in the walls and ceilings of modern buildings

Wi-Fi Security LED Lights

Zone Cabling/HCP (Horizontal Consolidation Point)

 Zone cabling is a standards-  25% spare port availability

based approach to support recommended for best ROI
convergence of devices
 Supports rapid reorganization
 Consists of cables run from and deployment of new
connections in the devices and applications
telecommunications room
(TR) to outlets housed in a  MAC work costs less, is
zone enclosure servicing faster and less disruptive
coverage areas  Factory pre-terminated and
 Shorter cables run from tested trunking cables can
outlets in the zone enclosure be installed from the TR to
directly to devices or to outlets the zone enclosure for
servicing devices quicker deployment
Power over Ethernet
Running parallel power over the data cabling
Existing IEEE PoE Applications
Minimum Power Maximum Current
Number of Pairs
at PSE Output Per Pair (Per Conductor)

Power over Ethernet

(Type 1) 15.4 W 2-pairs 350 mA (.17 Amp)

Power over Ethernet Plus

(Type 2) 30.0 W 2-pairs 600 mA (.3 Amp)

4-pair PoE
(Type 3) 60.0 W 4-pairs 600 mA (.3 Amp)

4-pair PoE
(Type 4) 90.0 W 4-pairs 960 mA (.48 Amp)

Power over HDBase-T

(POH) 100.0 W 4-pairs 960 mA (.48 Amp)
Temperature Rise Considerations
• Heat builds up within cable bundles:
• Cabling insertion loss increases at temperatures above 20°C/68°F
• The temperature of any cable should not exceed the temperature rating
for the cable
• Cables with higher temperature ratings are listed and marked
accordingly

• Contact arcing occurs when un-mating pairs under load and may
affect connecting hardware reliability
Pathway Capacity
• Maximum pathway (cable tray/wireway)
capacity shall not exceed a calculated fill ratio
of 50% to a maximum of 150 mm (6 in)
inside depth.
• But what happens when powered cables heat up in
bundles?
Temperature Rise vs. Current in 100 Cable Bundle
Type 1 Type 2/3 Type 4

Tem perature Rise (degrees C)

20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
200 400 600 800 1000
Applied Current per Pair (mA)

Categ ory 5e Categ ory 6A UTP

Categ ory 6 Categ ory 6A F/UTP

Categ ory 6A UTP, slim profile Categ ory 7A S/FTP

Resources for Cabling Heat Concerns
• NFPA 70 (2017 NEC)

• TIA TSB-184-A-2017

• TIA-569-D-2-2018
2017 NEC Code Revisions
• Cable Ratings and Markings for Safety
• Ampacity Table for Bundles
Part VI. Premises Powering of Communications
Equipment over Communications Cables
840.160 Powering Circuits. Communications cables, in addi-
tion in carrying the communications circuit, shall also be
permitted to carry circuits for powering communications
equipment. Where the power supplied over a communications
cable to communications equipment is greater than 60 watts,
communication cables and the power circuit shall comply
with 725.144 where communications cables are used in place
of Class 2 and Class 3 cables.
 2017 NEC Table 725.144
• Conductor gauge, bundle size and temperature rating
are used to establish a safe power rating (Ampacity)
for each conductor
Example: Can this cable support Type 4 PoE?
• 24 AWG category 5e cable
• Bundle size of 75 cables
• Mechanically rated to 60°C (Operating Temperature)
TIA-569-D-2-2018
Additional Pathway and Space Considerations for
Supporting Remote Powering Over Balanced
Twisted-Pair Cabling (July 2018)

• Pathways differ in regard to geometry and contact

area between cables, pathway, and air
• Provides general guidance on heat dissipation of
various pathways by bundle size
TIA-569-D-2-2018: J-hooks & Conduits
Cable Quantity
Pathway Type Cable Routing
1-37 38-61 62-91 > 91
Bundled High High High N/A
Non-continuous
Unbundled High High High N/A
Conduit Bundled Low Low Low Low
(Metallic & Non-metallic) Unbundled Medium Low Low Low
Bundled Low Low Low Low
Sealed Conduit
Unbundled Low Low Low Low
TIA-569-D-2-2018: Cable Tray
Fill Depth (in.)
Tray Type
1 2 ≥3
Wire Mesh/Ladder High High High

Ventilated High Medium Low

Unventilated Medium Medium Low

Mitigation Recommendations
• Use Category 6A or higher-performing 4-pair twisted-pair cabling,
or larger AWG or shielded cables
• Reduce channel length, as necessary, to offset increased insertion
loss
• Use open wire tray or similar cable management that provides for
largely unrestricted airflow around the installed cables
• Mix unpowered cables with powered cables
• Reduce bundle size (24) and allow space between bundles
Potential for arcing under load conditions
• “Unmating under load” produces an arc as the applied current
transitions from flowing through conductive metal to air before
becoming an open circuit
• Remote powering applications offer some protection to these
critical connection points by ensuring that dc power is not
applied over the structured cabling plant until a PD is sensed
by the PSE
• Connecting hardware should be qualified for mating and un-
mating under electrical power load. IEC 60512-99-001 is
referenced as a suitable test schedule
Cable Layout Options for LED
Lighting

Different cable layouts

Cabling Layout Selection based on Active Equipment
Node Centric vs. Fixture Centric
Fixture Centric
1:1 One to One
More Powered Ports
More Costly

Node Centric
1:N* One to Many
Less Powered Ports
Less Expensive
*Where N fixture(s) power
requirements are less than
the supplied PoE power
Typical PoE LED Lighting System User Interface

Remote Interface / Interactive Video

Tech Support Board

Control
Platform Wireless
Building System Router
Dashboard User Interface

Network

Linear Light Fixture LED Light Fixture

PoE Room
Gateway/Node LED Light Fixture
Sensors

LED Fixtures
(linked in serial)

Wall Interface
Sensor
Example: Centralized Cabling – Fixture Centric
Example: Centralized Cabling – Zone Fixture Centric
Example: Centralized Cabling – Node Centric
Example: De-centralized – Zone Node Centric
Making the transition to Fire Alarms
• Today PoE for LED Lighting – tomorrow, powering an entire Fire
Alarm System?

• Challenges with PoE

Emergency Services
• Where and how is technology currently being used?
Emerging Technologies
• Constantly Changing
• AHJ Approval
• Proof Of Concept
• Looking towards the future…..
 Key Takeaways:
Planning Your Infrastructure for Intelligent Buildings
• Familiarize with the codes and standards
• Power and data will co-exist, but can create
cabling & pathway challenges
• Zone cabling provides a flexible infrastructure
• Direct connection (MPTL) now acceptable at the
device end
• Understand the requirements of the specific
applications, requirements and locations before
planning the cable infrastructure
• Infrastructure needs to be incorporated at the
beginning of the building planning stage
Thank You

Denise L. Pappas
Valcom/Keltron
dpappas@valcom.com