Software Requirements Specification
Software Requirements Specification
Software Requirements Specification
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The document in this file is adapted from the IEEE standards for Software Project
Requirements Specifications, 830-1998, which conforms to the requirements of
ISO standard 12207 Software Life Cycle Processes. Tailor as appropriate.
Items that are intended to stay in as part of your document are in bold; blue italic
text is used for explanatory information that should be removed when the
template is used.
Table of Contents
To update Table of Contents first complete the document then click to the left of the index
below and Press F9.
1. INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................................5
1.1 PURPOSE ............................................................................................................................................5
1.2 SCOPE ................................................................................................................................................5
1.3 DEFINITIONS, ACRONYMS, AND ABBREVIATIONS................................................................................5
1.4 REFERENCES ......................................................................................................................................5
1.5 OVERVIEW .........................................................................................................................................5
2. OVERALL DESCRIPTION ...............................................................................................................6
2.1 PRODUCT PERSPECTIVE .....................................................................................................................6
2.1.1 System Interfaces.................................................................................................................... 6
2.1.2 User Interfaces........................................................................................................................ 6
2.1.3 Hardware Interfaces................................................................................................................ 6
2.1.4 Software Interfaces ................................................................................................................. 7
2.1.5 Communications Interfaces .................................................................................................... 7
2.1.6 Memory Constraints ............................................................................................................... 7
2.1.7 Operations............................................................................................................................... 7
2.1.8 Site Adaptation Requirements ................................................................................................ 7
2.2 PRODUCT FUNCTIONS ........................................................................................................................7
2.3 USER CHARACTERISTICS ....................................................................................................................7
2.4 CONSTRAINTS ....................................................................................................................................8
2.5 ASSUMPTIONS AND DEPENDENCIES ...................................................................................................8
2.6 APPORTIONING OF REQUIREMENTS ....................................................................................................8
3. SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS ...........................................................................................................8
3.1 EXTERNAL INTERFACES .....................................................................................................................9
3.2 FUNCTIONS ........................................................................................................................................9
3.3 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS .......................................................................................................10
3.4 LOGICAL DATABASE REQUIREMENTS ..............................................................................................10
3.5 DESIGN CONSTRAINTS .....................................................................................................................11
3.5.1 Standards Compliance. ......................................................................................................... 11
3.6 SOFTWARE SYSTEM ATTRIBUTES.....................................................................................................11
3.6.1 Reliability ............................................................................................................................. 11
3.6.2 Availability ........................................................................................................................... 11
3.6.3 Security................................................................................................................................. 11
3.6.4 Maintainability...................................................................................................................... 12
3.6.5 Portability ............................................................................................................................. 12
3.7 ORGANIZING THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS.....................................................................................13
3.7.1 System Mode ........................................................................................................................ 13
3.7.2 User Class............................................................................................................................. 13
3.7.3 Objects.................................................................................................................................. 13
3.7.4 Use Cases.............................................................................................................................. 13
3.7.5 Feature .................................................................................................................................. 14
3.7.6 Stimulus................................................................................................................................ 14
3.7.7 Response............................................................................................................................... 14
3.7.8 Functional Hierarchy ............................................................................................................ 14
3.8 ADDITIONAL COMMENTS .................................................................................................................14
4. SUPPORTING INFORMATION.....................................................................................................15
1. INTRODUCTION
The introduction of the SRS should provide an overview of the entire SRS.
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1.1 PURPOSE
a) Describe the purpose of the SRS
b) Specify the intended audience for the SRS
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1.2 SCOPE
a) Identify the software product(s) to be produced by name (e.g., Host DBMS,
Report Generator, etc.);
b) Explain what the software product(s) will, and, if necessary, will not, do;
c) Describe the application of the software being specified, including relevant
benefits, objectives, and goals
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1.4 REFERENCES
a) Provide a complete list of all documents referenced elsewhere in the SRS
b) Identify each document by title, report number (if applicable), date, and publishing
organization
c) Specify the sources from which the references can be obtained.
This information can be provided by reference to an appendix or to another document.
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1.5 OVERVIEW
a) Describe what the rest of the SRS contains
b) Explain how the SRS is organized.
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2. OVERALL DESCRIPTION
Describe background that affects the product and its requirements. This section does not
state specific requirements. Instead, it provides a background for those requirements,
which are defined in section 3, and makes them easier to understand.
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A block diagram showing the major components of the larger system, interconnections,
and external interfaces can be helpful.
The following subsections describe how the software operates inside various constraints.
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2.1.7 Operations
If appropriate, specify the normal and special operations required by the user such as:
a) The various modes of operations in the user organization;
b) Periods of interactive operations and periods of unattended operations;
c) Data processing support functions;
d) Backup and recovery operations.
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2.4 CONSTRAINTS
Provide a general description of any other items that will limit the design and
implementation options. These can include:
a) Regulatory policies
b) Hardware limitations (for example, signal timing requirements)
c) Interface to other applications
d) Parallel operation
e) Audit functions
f) Control functions
g) Higher-order language requirements
h) Reliability requirements
i) Criticality of the application
j) Safety and security considerations
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3. SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
This section contains all the software requirements at a level of detail sufficient to enable
designers to design a system to satisfy those requirements, and testers to test that the
system satisfies those requirements. Throughout this section, each stated requirement
should be externally perceivable by users, operators, or other external systems. These
requirements should include at a minimum a description of every input (stimulus) into the
system, every output (response) from the system and all functions performed by the
system in response to an input or in support of an output. As this is often the largest and
most important part of the SRS, the following principles apply:
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a) Specific requirements should be stated with all the characteristics of a good SRS
• correct
• unambiguous
• complete
• consistent
• ranked for importance and/or stability
• verifiable
• modifiable
• traceable.
1. Specific requirements should be cross-referenced to earlier documents that relate.
2. All requirements should be uniquely identifiable.
3. Careful attention should be given to organizing the requirements to maximize
readability.
3.2 FUNCTIONS
Functional requirements define the fundamental actions that must take place in the
software in accepting and processing the inputs and in processing and generating the
outputs. These are generally listed as “shall” statements starting with “The system
shall…”.
These include:
a) Validity checks on the inputs
b) Exact sequence of operations
c) Responses to abnormal situation, including
• Overflow
• Communication facilities
• Error handling and recovery
d) Effect of parameters
e) Relationship of outputs to inputs, including
• Input/Output sequences
• Formulas for input to output conversion
Dynamic numerical requirements may include, for example, the numbers of transactions
and tasks and the amount of data to be processed within certain time periods for both
normal and peak workload conditions.
Note: Numerical limits applied to one specific function are normally specified as part of
the processing subparagraph description of that function.
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For example, this could specify the requirement for software to trace processing activity.
Such traces are needed for some applications to meet minimum regulatory or financial
standards. An audit trace requirement may, for example, state that all changes to a
payroll database must be recorded in a trace file with before and after values.
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3.6.1 Reliability
Specify the factors required to establish the required reliability of the software system at
time of delivery.
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3.6.2 Availability
Specify the factors required to guarantee a defined availability level for the entire system
such as checkpoint, recovery, and restart.
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3.6.3 Security
Specify the factors that would protect the software from accidental or malicious access,
use, modification, destruction, or disclosure. Specific requirements in this area could
include the need to
a) Utilize certain cryptographic techniques
b) Keep specific log or history data sets
c) Assign certain functions to different modules
d) Restrict communications between some areas of the program
3.6.4 Maintainability
Specify attributes of software that relate to the ease of maintenance of the software itself.
There may be some requirement for certain modularity, interfaces, complexity, etc.
Requirements should not be placed here just because they are thought to be good design
practices.
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3.6.5 Portability
Specify attributes of software that relate to the ease of porting the software to other host
machines and/or operating systems. This may include
a) Percentage of components with host-dependent code
b) Percentage of code that is host dependent
c) Use of a proven portable language
d) Use of a particular compiler or language subset
e) Use of a particular operating system.
Once the relevant characteristics are selected, a subsection should be written for each,
explaining the rationale for including this characteristic and how it will be tested and
measured. A chart like this might be used to identify the key characteristics (rating them
High, Medium, or Low), or ranking them in order of importance (1, 2, 3, etc.).
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ID Characteristic Rank
1 Correctness
2 Efficiency
3 Flexibility
etc.
3.7.3 Objects
Objects are real-world entities that have a counterpart within the system. For example,
in a patient monitoring system, objects would include patients, sensors, nurses, rooms,
physicians, medicines, etc. Associated with each object is a set of attributes (of that
object) and functions (performed by that object). These functions are also called services,
methods, or processes. Note that sets of objects may share attributes and services. These
are grouped together as classes.
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3.7.5 Feature
A feature is an externally desired service by the system that may require a sequence of
inputs to effect the desired result. For example, in a telephone system, features include
local call, call forwarding, and conference call. Each feature is generally described in as
sequence of stimulus-response pairs.
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3.7.6 Stimulus
Some systems can be best organized by describing their functions in terms of stimuli. For
example, the functions of an automatic aircraft landing system may be organized into
sections for loss of power, wind shear, sudden change in roll, vertical velocity excessive,
etc.
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3.7.7 Response
Some systems can be best organized by describing their functions in support of the
generation of a response. For example, the functions of a personnel system may be
organized into sections corresponding to all functions associated with generating
paychecks, all functions associated with generating a current list of employees, etc.
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There are many notations, methods, and automated support tools available to aid in the
documentation of requirements. For the most part, their usefulness is a function of
organization. For example, when organizing by mode, finite state machines or state
charts may prove helpful; when organizing by object, object-oriented analysis may prove
helpful; when organizing by feature, stimulus-response sequences may prove helpful;
when organizing by functional hierarchy, data flow diagrams and data dictionaries may
prove helpful.
In any of the outlines below, those sections called “Functional Requirement i” may be
described in native language, in pseudocode, in a system definition language, or in four
subsections titled: Introduction, Inputs, Processing, Outputs.
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4. SUPPORTING INFORMATION.
The supporting information makes the SRS easier to use. It includes:
a) Table of Contents at the front of the document
b) Index
c) Appendices
The Appendices are not always considered part of the actual requirements specification
and are not always necessary. They may include:
(a) Sample I/O formats, descriptions of cost analysis studies, results of user surveys;
(b) Supporting or background information that can help the readers of the SRS;
(c) A description of the problems to be solved by the software;
(d) Special packaging instructions for the code and the media to meet security,
export, initial loading, or other requirements.
When Appendices are included, the SRS should explicitly state whether or not the
Appendices are to be considered part of the requirements.
Tables on the following pages provide alternate ways to structure section 3 on the
specific requirements.
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APPENDICES
A.1 Outline for SRS Section 3: Organized by mode: Version 1
3 Specific Requirements
3.1 External interface requirements
3.1.1 User interfaces
3.1.2 Hardware interfaces
3.1.3 Software interfaces
3.1.4 Communications interfaces
3.2 Functional requirements
3.2.1 Mode 1
3.2.1.1 Functional requirement 1.1
.....
3.2.1.n Functional requirement 1.n
3.2.2 Mode 2
.....
3.2.m Mode m
3.2.m.1 Functional requirement m.1
.....
3.2.m.n Functional requirement m.n
3.3 Performance Requirements
3.4 Design Constraints
3.5 Software system attributes
3.6 Other requirements
3 Specific Requirements
3.1 Functional Requirements
3.1.1 Mode 1
3.1.1.1 External interfaces
3.1.1.1 User interfaces
3.1.1.2 Hardware interfaces
3.1.1.3 Software interfaces
3.1.1.4 Communications interfaces
3.1.1.2 Functional Requirement
3.1.1.2.1 Functional requirement 1
.....
3.1.1.2.n Functional requirement n
3.1.1.3 Performance
3.1.2 Mode 2
.....
3.1.m Mode m
3.2 Design constraints
3.3 Software system attributes
3.4 Other requirements
3 Specific Requirements
3.1 External interface requirements
3.1.1 User interfaces
3.1.2 Hardware interfaces
3.1.3 Software interfaces
3.1.4 Communications interfaces
3.2 Functional requirements
3.2.1 User class 1
3.2.1.1 Functional requirement 1.1
.....
3.2.1.n Functional requirement 1.n
3.2.2 User class 2
.....
3 Specific Requirements
3.1 External interface requirements
3.1.1 User interfaces
3.1.2 Hardware interfaces
3.1.3 Software interfaces
3.1.4 Communications interfaces
3.2 Classes/Objects
3.2.1 Class/Object 1
3.2.1.1 Attributes (direct or inherited)
3.2.1.1.1 Attribute 1
.....
3.2.1.1.n Attribute n
An alternative to embedding the use cases in line with the functional requirements (as
shown below) is to provide the use cases separately from the SRS and refer to the use
case name or ID for each functional requirement in the SRS.
3 Specific Requirements
3.1 External interface requirements
3.1.1 User interfaces
3.1.2 Hardware interfaces
3.1.3 Software interfaces
3.1.4 Communications interfaces
3.2 Functional Requirements
3.1.1.2 Functional Requirement
3.1.1.2.1 Functional requirement 1
Use case for functional requirement 1
.....
3.1.1.2.n Functional requirement n
Use case for functional requirement n
3.3 Performance Requirements
3.4 Design Constraints
3.5 Software system attributes
3.6 Other requirements
3 Specific Requirements
3.1 External interface requirements
3.1.5 User interfaces
3.1.6 Hardware interfaces
3.1.7 Software interfaces
3.1.8 Communications interfaces
3.3 System features
3.2.1 System Feature 1
3.2.1.1 Introduction/Purpose of feature
3.2.1.2 Stimulus/Response sequence
3.2.1.3 Associated functional requirements
3.2.1.3.1 Functional requirement 1
.....
3.2.1.3.n Functional requirement n
3.2.2 System Feature 2
.....
3.2.m System Feature m
.....
3.3 Performance Requirements
3.4 Design Constraints
3.5 Software system attributes
3.6 Other requirements
3 Specific Requirements
3.1 External interface requirements
3.1.1 User interfaces
3.1.2 Hardware interfaces
3.1.3 Software interfaces
3.1.4 Communications interfaces
3.2 Functional requirements
3.2.1 Stimulus 1
3.2.1.1 Functional requirement 1.1
.....
3.2.1.n Functional requirement 1.n
3.2.2 Stimulus 2
.....
3.2.m Stimulus m
3.2.m.1 Functional requirement m.1
.....
3.2.m.n Functional requirement m.n
3.3 Performance Requirements
3.4 Design Constraints
3.5 Software system attributes
3.6 Other requirements
3 Specific Requirements
3.1 External interface requirements
3.1.1 User interfaces
3.1.2 Hardware interfaces
3.1.3 Software interfaces
3.1.4 Communications interfaces
3.2 Functional requirements
3.2.1 Response 1
3.2.1.1 Functional requirement 1.1
.....
3.2.1.n Functional requirement 1.n
3.2.2 Response 2
.....
3.2.m Response m
3.2.m.1 Functional requirement m.1
.....
3.2.m.n Functional requirement m.n
3.3 Performance Requirements
3.4 Design Constraints
3.5 Software system attributes
3.6 Other requirements
3 Specific Requirements
3.1 External interface requirements
3.1.1 User interfaces
3.1.2 Hardware interfaces
3.1.3 Software interfaces
3.1.4 Communications interfaces
3.2 Functional requirements
3.2.1 Information flows
3.2.1.1 Data flow diagram 1
3.2.1.1.1 Data entities
3.2.1.1.2 Pertinent processes
3.2.1.1.3 Topology
3.2.1.2 Data flow diagram 2
3.2.1.2.1 Data entities
3.2.1.2.2 Pertinent processes
3.2.1.2.3 Topology
.....
3.2.1.n Data flow diagram n
3.2.1.n.1 Data entities
3.2.1.n.2 Pertinent processes
3.2.1.n.3 Topology
3.2.2 Process descriptions
3.2.2.1 Process 1
3.2.2.1.1 Input data entities
3.2.2.1.2 Algorithm or formula of process
3.2.2.1.3 Affected data entities
3.2.2.2 Process 2
3.2.2.2.1 Input data entities
3.2.2.2.2 Algorithm or formula of process
3.2.2.2.3 Affected data entities
.….
3.2.2.m Process m
3.2.2.m.1 Input data entities
3.2.2.m.2 Algorithm or formula of process
3.2.2.m.3 Affected data entities
3.2.3 Data construct specifications
3.2.3.1 Construct 1
3.2.3.1.1 Record type
3.2.3.1.2 Constituent fields
3.2.3.2 Construct 2
3.2.3.2.1 Record type
3.2.3.2.2 Constituent fields
…..
3.2.3.p Construct p
3.2.3.p.1 Record type
3.2.3.p.2 Constituent fields
3.2.4 Data dictionary
3.2.4.1 Data element 1
3.2.4.1.1 Name
3.2.4.1.2 Representation
3.2.4.1.3 Units/Format
3.2.4.1.4 Precision/Accuracy
3.2.4.1.5 Range
3.2.4.2 Data element 2
3.2.4.2.1 Name
3.2.4.2.2 Representation
3.2.4.2.3 Units/Format
3.2.4.2.4 Precision/Accuracy
3.2.4.2.5 Range
…..
3.2.4.q Data element q
3.2.4.q.1 Name
3.2.4.q.2 Representation
3.2.4.q.3 Units/Format
3.2.4.q.4 Precision/Accuracy
3.2.4.q.5 Range
3.3 Performance Requirements
3.4 Design Constraints
3.5 Software system attributes
3.6 Other requirements
3 Specific Requirements
3.1 External interface requirements
3.1.1 User interfaces
3.1.2 Hardware interfaces
3.1.3 Software interfaces
3.1.4 Communications interfaces
3.2 Functional requirements
3.2.1 User class 1
3.2.1.1 Feature 1.1
3.2.1.1.1 Introduction/Purpose of feature
3.2.1.1.2 Stimulus/Response sequence
3.2.1.1.3 Associated functional requirements
3.2.1.2 Feature 1.2
3.2.1.2.1 Introduction/Purpose of feature
3.2.1.2.2 Stimulus/Response sequence
3.2.1.2.3 Associated functional requirements
…..
3.2.1.m Feature 1.m
3.2.1.m.1 Introduction/Purpose of feature
3.2.1.m.2 Stimulus/Response sequence
3.2.1.m.3 Associated functional requirements
3.2.2 User class 2
.....
3.2.n User class n
.....
3.3 Performance Requirements
3.4 Design Constraints
3.5 Software system attributes
3.6 Other requirements