Name: Ronie I. Valguna Jr.

Grade 12 Chysanthemum

Research Proposal

Coping Mechanisms and Academic Performance of 12th Grade Students During

the COVID 19 Pandemic

                                                                                Chapter 1

This chapter is divided into five (5) sections: (1) background and theoretical framework
of the study, (2) statement of the problem and hypothesis, (3) significance of the study, (4)
definition of terms, and (5) study limitation.

Part one, the Background and Theoretical Framework of the Study, provides an
overview of the study and explains why it is necessary to conduct it.It also depicts the
theoretical framework that serves as the study's foundation.

Part two, the statement of the problem and the hypothesis of the study, states the
general and specific questions to be answered as well as the hypothesis to be tested.

Part three, The significance of the study, states the essence and importance of the study
and its positive benefits to the recipients.

Part four, Definitions of the terms, defines the important and key terms used in the
study in both their conceptual and operational definitions.

Part five, the study's elimination, demonstrates the study's limited scope and
boundaries.

                            

Background and Theoretical Framework of the Study

COVID 19 has had a significant impact on universities and high school students all over
the world.Due to fear of infection, the government and local authorities in the Philippines
immediately closed academic institutions and tried to find survival techniques to cope with the
market turbulence. The physical classroom has given way to the virtual classroom.The COVID 19
crisis has forced school closures, disrupting the learning process of more than 1.7 billion
children in the world, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development (OECD).
 Most governments, including the Philippines, have been forced to implement distance-
learning solutions in order to ensure educational continuity, and much of the debate has
centered on how students learned about missing items during school closures.In the
Philippines, the Corona virus forced 2.6 million kids out of school as their parents lost their jobs
or became unemployed. Many students have been forced to transfer to public schools, where
tuition is free.The enrollment rate fell a tenth a year earlier to 24.6 million.

This study is based on the theory of Lazarus and Folkman (1984) and is supported by
Welberg's theory.Coping, according to Lazarus and Folkman, entails using mental energy in a
way that reduces stress.The ultimate goal of all coping mechanisms, whether conscious or
subconscious, is to solve a problem and return to homeostasis.Meanwhile, Wesseling's
academic achievement theory is correct.Performance posits that psychological characteristics
of individual students and their immediate psychological environment influence educational
outcomes (cognitive, behaviour, and attitudinal). According to this theory, even in the midst of
a pandemic, coping mechanisms and academic performance must be developed in order for the
individual to adapt to their new surroundings.

Figure 1. below shows the variable relationship in the study.

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Coping Mechanism Academic Performance

Control Variable
Time of COVID-19 Pandemic

FIGURE 1.Coping mechanism and academic Performance of Grade 12 Students in Time of COVID 19
Pandemic

Statement of the problem and Hyphothesis

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between coping
mechanisms and academic performance of Grade 12 students during the COVID 19 Pandemic.

It sought answers to the following questions in particular:

 1. What is the level of coping mechanisms among Grade 12 students as a whole, and when
divided by gender and age?

2. What is the overall academic performance of grade students, as well as the

performance of students of different sexes and ages?

3. Is there a significant difference in the coping mechanisms of Grade 12 students when

they are grouped by gender and age?

4. Is there a significant difference in the academic performance of Grade 12 students when

grouped in terms of sex and age?

5. Is there a link between Grade 12 students' coping mechanisms and their academic
performance in the event of a pandemic?

The following hypotheses were tested based on the preceding problem:

1. When Grade 12 students are grouped by gender and age, there is no significant
difference in their coping mechanisms.

2. When Grade 12 students are grouped by gender and age, there is no significant
difference in their academic performance.

3. During the COVID pandemic, there was no significant relationship between coping
mechanisms and academic performance of Grade 12 students.

                                                                  Significance of the study

This study was carried out in order to provide critical information about the Coping
Mechanisms and Academic Performance of Grade 12 students during the Pandemic.The study's
findings will be beneficial to the following groups: teachers, students, schools, future
researchers, the government, and parents.

Students say this study helps them understand how to deal with their studies and how
dealing with them affects their performance during this time.

Parents study them to better understand their children's performance in their new
regular classes.
                Teachers,This research may assist them in dealing with their students' show
performance.This study clearly explains to teachers that students' academic performance is
influenced by how they cope with the new normal system.

Shool, the result of the study may provide details and information to the school about
the relationship between coping mechanisms and academic performance of grade 12 students
during a pandemic.

According to the government, the study's findings may provide details and information
about the relationship between coping mechanisms and academic performance of grade 12
students during a pandemic in the new education system they implemented.

Future research. This study will inspire other researchers to develop plans by coming up
with new ideas and knowledge in conducting their own research topics related to this study
focusing on the relationship between coping and grade 12 academic performance during a
pandemic.

Definition of terms

To aid comprehension, the following terms were conceptually and operationally

defined:

Coping mechanisms-are the strategies people often use in the face of stress and /or
trauma to help manage painful or difficult emotions.

In this study,"the coping mechanism" refers to how students adjust to a stressful and
new normal system in education while helping them maintain their emotional well-being. The
questionnaire is made up of ten statements about their academic performance during the
COVID 19 Pandemic.to be interpreted as VERY HIGH (5), HIGH (4) on a 5-point Likert
scaleMODERATE (3), LOW (2), LOW.

Academic Performance-is the measurement of student achievement across various

academic subjects.

In this study, "Academic Performance" refers to how teachers and education officials
typically measure achievement by utilizing the new normal classroom performance, virtual
graduation rates, and standardized test results.The questionnaire is made up of ten statements
about how students coped with their studies during the COVID 19 Pandemic.to be assessed as
VERY HIGH (5), (4) on a 5-point scaleMODERATE (3), LOW (2), and EXTREMELY LOW (1).

                                                        
 Delimitation of the Study

This study aims to determine the relationship between coping mechanisms and
academic performance of grade 12 students in a time of pandemic composed of 144 from a
total population of 281 selected through simple random sampling.

A description-correlation research questionnaire was used in this study. questionnaire

was divided into two parts. The first section focuses on the coping mechanisms of grade 12
students during the COVID 19 Pandemic.data was attached to determine the students' sex, age
and position.

The independent variable was the time of the COVID 19 Pandemic, while the dependent
variable was the students' academic performance.

The frequency count, percentage of men, and standard deviation were the descriptive
statistics used in this study.Furthermore, the t-test for independent samples, one-way ANOVA,
and the personal r were used as inferential statistics to determine the significance of
differences in characteristics and relationships.

Chapter 3

Research Design and Methodology

This chapter is made up of three parts named: (1) Purpose of the Study and Research
Design, (2) Method, (3) Statistical Data Analysis Procedure.

Part one, Purpose of the Study and Research Design, reports the purpose of the study,
describes the research design and enumerates the variables used in the study.

Part two, Method, describes the participants, the data gathering instruments and

Procedures employed in the study.

Part three, Statistical Data Analysis Procedure, goes over the scoring procedures and
statistical tools used to test the hypothesis.

 
 Purpose of the Study and Research Design

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Coping Mechanisms and Academic
Performance of Grade 12 students during the COVID 19 Pandemic.

                This study utilized the descriptive-correlation method of research. According to Frankel
and Wallen (2005), a survey is used as a descriptive method to further analyze the effect of the
objective of the study. On the other hand, correlation research investigates the effect and the
relationship between two or more sets of data. This design likewise helps determine the extent
to which different variables are related to each other ( David, 2008).

The dependent variable was the Academic Performance of Grade 12 Students, whereas
the Independent Variable was the Coping Mechanism of Grade 12 Students. And on the other
hand, the Controlled Variable was the time of the COVID 19 Pandemic.

The statistical tools that are used in the analysis of data are frequency count,
percentage, mean and standard deviation. T-test One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and
Persons R. The alpha level of significance is set to 0.05 for all inferential statistics.

Participants

Two hundred eighty-one (281) Jamindan National High School Grade 12 students took
part in this study.One-Hundred Forty-four (144) were chosen to answer the questionnaire for
the purpose of plot testing.

Profile of Partcipants

Table 1 : Profile of Grade 12 Students in terms of sex.

Category Frequency Percentage

Entire Group 144 100.00
Sex
Male 72 50.00
Female 72 50.00
Total 144 100.00

Table 2: Profile of Grade 12 Student in terms of Age.

Category Frequency Percentage

Entire Group 144 100.00
Age
 Young Age (17-18) 72 89.95
Old Age (19) 72 15.05
Total 144 100.00

Data Gathering Instruments

The data will be gathered using a questionnaire created by the researcher.The students’
personal profiles will be collected in terms of their sex and age and will be attached to the
questionnaire. For a descriptive interpretation of the mean score, see the table below. The test
was subjected to content validation by the teacher. Her suggestions and recommendations
were incorporated into the instrument's redesign.The data needed for the study will be
gathered using a research-made questionnaire. The questionnaire considered two parts,
whereas Part One was the personal information of the respondents.

Coping Mechanism Questionaire. The researchers' standardized Coping Mechanism

questionnaire included items addressing the student's level of coping.The majority of the items
will be created to inform students and student researchers about the students' coping
mechanisms during the COVID 19 Pandemic.

The questionnaire looked at ten statements about Grade 12 students' coping

mechanisms.As a response to the statement, a point scale will be used.VERY HIGH (5), HIGH (4),
MODERATE (3), LOW (2), VERY LOW (1).

For the descriptive interpretation of the mean score, the table below was used:

Mean Score Description

5 Very High
4 High
3 Moderate
2 Low
1 Very

The test was subjected to content validation by the teacher. Her suggestion and
recommendation was included in the modification of the instrument. After content validation
this will be pilot to 72 students. The Results of pilot testing  will be subjected to construct
validation using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software. Items which factor
loading of 0.50 and above  will be included in the instrumental while those below 0.50  will be
disregarded.

Academic  Performance Questionaire. The level of Academic Performace of  Grade 12

Students that will be measured using standardized Academic Peroformance Questionaire that is
research-made. The questionnaire contains 10 Statements addressing Grade 12 Students
Academic Performance.

For the descriptive interpretation of the mean score, the table below will be used.

Mean Score Description

5 Extremely-Positive
4 Highly Positive
3 Moderate Positive
2 Negative
1 Very Negative

The test was subjected to content validation by the teacher. Her suggestions and
recommendations were incorporated into the instrument's redesign.After content validation,
this will be pilot tested on 72 students. The results of pilot testing will be subjected to
construction validation using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software. Items
which have a factor load of 0.50 and above will be included in the instruments, while those
below 0.50 will be disregarded.

The items pertaining to the questionnaire's validity and reliability will be prepared and
carefully analyzed for the relevance of their inclusion as indicators of the defense context.The
researchers will submit the draft to their adviser for critique and improvement. The advisers'
suggestions, corrections and recommendations will be considered in the revision of the
instrument. The revised questionnaire's draft will consist of 0 item statements.

Data Gathering Procedure

Permission from the school principal will be sought before delivering the study
letter.Following approval, the researchers will conduct research to determine the fate of the
Grade 12 students.Respondents will be educated on the purpose and significance of the Coping
Mechanism and Academic Performance of Grade 12 Studies during the COVID 19
Pandemic.Respondents will be notified of their results.
 The data that will be obtained from the test will be processed, encoded, analyzed and
will be interpreted using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS).

Analytical Procedures for Statistical Data

The data gathered from the study will be analyzed using the statistical tools listed
below.

                Frequency count and percentage. This tool is used to describe the number of Grade
12 students in terms of age.

" formalized paraphraseThis is used to determine the homogeneity as well as the heterogeneity
of coping mechanisms and academic performance of the grade 12 students.

                Standard Deviation. This is used to determine the homogeneity as well as the
heterogeneity.

T-test for independent samples, set a 0,05 alpha level test to determine the significant
difference in coping mechanism performance of grade 12 students.

                One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). This test is used to determine if there is a
statistically significant difference between the mean of the variance in a study.

All the inferential tests will be at the 5% Alpha level.