Chem Zainab

PMT
SECTION A
Answer ALL the questions in this section. You should aim to spend no more than 20 minutes on
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA

this section. For each question, select one answer from A to D and put a cross in the box .
If you change your mind, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with
a cross .
1 Which row in the table shows the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in a
fluoride ion, F–?
Use the Periodic Table as a source of data.
Protons Neutrons Electrons

A 8 9 9
B 9 9 10
C 9 10 9

D 9 10 10
(Total for Question 1 = 1 mark)
2 A sample of oxygen contains the isotopes 16O, 17O, 18O.
How many peaks would there be for the O2+ ions in the mass spectrum of this sample
of oxygen?
A 3
B 5
C 6
D 9
(Total for Question 2 = 1 mark) DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
3 2000 g of a solution contains 0.015 g of solute.

In the solution, the concentration of the solute in parts per million (ppm) is
A 3.0
B 7.5
C 30
D 75
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*P46937A0224*
PMT
4 What is the concentration, in mol dm–3, of a solution of 10.6 g of sodium carbonate, Na2CO3,
in 250 cm3 of solution?
A 0.40
B 0.25
C 0.10
D 0.025
5 An enthalpy level diagram for a reaction is
Y
Enthalpy
Progress of reaction
Which row in the table shows the correct terms for X and Y and the enthalpy change
for this reaction?
X Y Enthalpy change
A products reactants endothermic
B products reactants exothermic
C reactants products endothermic
D reactants products exothermic

Use this space for any rough working. Anything you write in this space will gain no credit.
3
*P46937A0324* Turn over
PMT
6 The table shows the mean bond enthalpies for some covalent bonds.

Covalent bond C C C C Br Br C Br C H
Mean bond enthalpy / kJ mol–1 347 612 193 290 413
What is the approximate enthalpy change, in kJ mol–1, for the reaction shown?
H H H H
C=C + Br Br o H C C H
H H Br Br
A −225
B −122
C +122
D +225

7 The first six ionization energies, in kJ mol–1, of an element are
1086, 2353, 4621, 6223, 37832, 47278

In which group of the Periodic Table is this element?
A 2
B 3
C 4
D 5

Use this space for rough working. Anything you write in this space will gain no credit.
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*P46937A0424*
PMT
8 Each diagram shows the trend in the ionic radius for four sequences of ions.
The diagrams are not to scale.
A B
Ionic Ionic
radius radius
Ions Ions
C D
Ionic Ionic
radius radius
Ions Ions
(a) Which diagram shows the trend in the ionic radius for the sequence
Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+?
(1)
A
B
C
D
(b) Which diagram shows the trend in the ionic radius for the sequence
Na+, Mg2+, Al3+, Si4+?

(1)
A
B
C
D
(Total for Question 8 = 2 marks)
5
PMT
9 Some energy changes involved in a Born-Haber cycle are

A electron affinity

B lattice energy
C standard enthalpy change of atomization
D standard enthalpy change of formation
(a) Which enthalpy or energy change is represented by p?
K(s) o K(g)
9
ǻH = p
(1)
A
B
C
D

(b) Which enthalpy or energy change is represented by q?
K(s) + ½Cl2(g) o KCl(s)

9
ǻH = q
(1)
A
B
C
D
(c) Which enthalpy or energy change is represented by r?
½Cl2(g) o Cl(g)
9
ǻH = r
(1)
A
B
C
D
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*P46937A0624*
PMT
10 The diagram, which is not drawn to scale, shows the Born-Haber cycle for
potassium chloride. The energy changes given are in kJ mol–1.
K+(g) + Cl(g) + e–
+ 122
– 349
K+(g) + ½Cl2(g) + e–
K+(g) + Cl–(g)
+ 419
K(g) + ½Cl2(g)
W
– 711
K(s) + ½Cl2(g)
– 437
KCl(s)
What is the value for W, in kJ mol–1?

A í956
B í82
C +82
D +956

7
PMT
11 Which row in the table shows the lattice energies, in kJ mol–1, of calcium fluoride,
potassium fluoride and potassium iodide?

Calcium fluoride Potassium fluoride Potassium iodide
A –2630 –817 –651
B –2630 –651 –817
C –651 –817 –2630
D –817 –2630 –651
12 The experimental value for the lattice energy of beryllium iodide is í2800 kJ mol–1
and the theoretical value is –2653 kJ mol–1.
The best explanation for the difference is that the
A beryllium ion is large and polarizes the iodide ion.

B beryllium ion is small and polarizes the iodide ion.
C iodide ion is large and polarizes the beryllium ion.
D iodide ion is small and polarizes the beryllium ion.
13 Carbon (diamond) and oxygen both form covalent bonds between their atoms in the
element.
What is the best reason for the fact that diamond has a much higher melting
temperature than oxygen?
A Diamond is a solid but oxygen is a gas at room temperature.
B Diamond has a giant atomic structure but oxygen has a simple molecular
structure. DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
C The covalent bonds between carbon atoms in diamond are stronger than
those between oxygen atoms.
D There is a single covalent bond between carbon atoms in diamond but a
double covalent bond between oxygen atoms.
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*P46937A0824*
PMT
14 The bonding in solid ammonium chloride is

A ionic only.
B ionic and covalent only.

C ionic and dative covalent only.
D ionic, covalent and dative covalent only.
15 One of the isomers with the formula C4H8 is
CH3 CH3
C C
H H
Possible names for this isomer are
A cis-but-2-ene and E-but-2-ene.

B cis-but-2-ene and Z-but-2-ene.
C trans-but-2-ene and E-but-2-ene.
D trans-but-2-ene and Z-but-2-ene.
16 An electrophile is a species that

A can accept a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond.
B can donate a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond.
C always has a negative charge.
D always has a positive charge.

9
PMT
17 Alkenes react with hydrogen gas in the presence of a nickel catalyst.

0.2 mol of an alkene reacted completely with 19.2 dm3 of hydrogen gas at room

temperature and pressure.
How many C C bonds are there in a molecule of this alkene?
[The molar volume of a gas is 24.0 dm3 mol–1 at room temperature and pressure]
A 4
B 3
C 2
D 1
TOTAL FOR SECTION A = 20 MARKS

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*P46937A01024*
PMT
SECTION B
Answer ALL the questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
18 (a) The relative atomic masses of elements can be determined using a mass spectrometer.
(i) Define the term relative atomic mass.
(3)
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................................................. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .......... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. .
................................................. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .......... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. .
................................................. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .......... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. .
................................................. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .......... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. .
................................................. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .......... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. .
(ii) Describe fully how positive ions are formed from gaseous atoms in a
mass spectrometer.
(2)
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................................................. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .......... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. .
................................................. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .......... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. .
................................................. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .......... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. .
................................................. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .......... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. .
................................................. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .......... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. .
11
PMT
(iii) The following data were obtained from the mass spectrum of a sample of strontium.

Mass / charge ratio % abundance
84.0 0.56
86.0 9.86
87.0 7.02
88.0 82.56
Calculate the relative atomic mass of strontium in this sample.

Give your answer to three significant figures.
(2)

(b) In which block of the Periodic Table is strontium found?

(1)
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12
*P46937A01224*
PMT
(c) Draw the dot and cross diagram for strontium chloride.
Show outer electrons only.
(2)
(d) A solution of strontium nitrate was prepared from strontium oxide and dilute nitric acid.
Write the equation for this reaction, including state symbols.
(2)
(e) A compound of strontium contains 49.9% strontium, 13.7% carbon and 36.4% oxygen,
by mass.
Calculate the empirical formula for this compound.
[Use relative atomic masses: Sr = 87.6, C = 12.0, O = 16.0]
(3)
13
PMT
19 The first ionization energies for the elements in Period 3 of the Periodic Table are

Element Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
First ionization energy
496 738 578 789 1012 1000 1251 1521
/ kJ mol–1
(a) (i) Complete the electronic configuration of phosphorus, using the electrons-in-boxes
notation.
Write the symbols for the sub-shells on the dotted lines.
(2)
np
1s . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . ........... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................. ................................................

*(ii) The first ionization energies generally increase from left to right across the
period.
Explain why the first ionization energy of sulfur is lower than that of
phosphorus.
(2)
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................................................. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . ........... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ..
................................................. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . ........... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ..
................................................. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . ........... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ..
................................................. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . ........... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ..
................................................. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . ........... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ..
(iii) Write an equation, with state symbols, to show the third ionization energy of
phosphorus.
(2)
14
*P46937A01424*
PMT
*(b) (i) Explain why the first ionization energy of nitrogen is greater than the
first ionization energy of phosphorus.
(3)
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................................................. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .......... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. .
................................................. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .......... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. .
................................................. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .......... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. .
................................................. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .......... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. .
................................................. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .......... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. .
................................................. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .......... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. .
(ii) Draw a dot and cross diagram to show the bonding in a molecule of nitrogen.
Show outer electrons only.
(2)
(c) Solid white phosphorus exists as P4 molecules.

Calculate the number of molecules in 24.8 g of white phosphorus.
[The Avogadro constant, L = 6.02 × 1023 mol–1]

(2)
15

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PMT

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Protons Neutrons Electrons

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(Total for Question 1 = 1 mark)

2 A sample of oxygen contains the isotopes 16O, 17O, 18O.

(Total for Question 2 = 1 mark) DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA

3 2000 g of a solution contains 0.015 g of solute.

(Total for Question 3 = 1 mark)

(Total for Question 4 = 1 mark)

5 An enthalpy level diagram for a reaction is

(Total for Question 5 = 1 mark)

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Mean bond enthalpy / kJ mol–1 347 612 193 290 413

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7 The first six ionization energies, in kJ mol–1, of an element are

1086, 2353, 4621, 6223, 37832, 47278

(Total for Question 7 = 1 mark)

Na+, Mg2+, Al3+, Si4+?

(Total for Question 8 = 2 marks)

9 Some energy changes involved in a Born-Haber cycle are

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K(s) + ½Cl2(g) o KCl(s)

(Total for Question 9 = 3 marks)

What is the value for W, in kJ mol–1?

(Total for Question 10 = 1 mark)

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(Total for Question 11 = 1 mark)

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(Total for Question 12 = 1 mark)

(Total for Question 13 = 1 mark)

14 The bonding in solid ammonium chloride is

B ionic and covalent only.

(Total for Question 14 = 1 mark)

15 One of the isomers with the formula C4H8 is

A cis-but-2-ene and E-but-2-ene.

(Total for Question 15 = 1 mark)

16 An electrophile is a species that

(Total for Question 16 = 1 mark)

17 Alkenes react with hydrogen gas in the presence of a nickel catalyst.

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(Total for Question 17 = 1 mark)

TOTAL FOR SECTION A = 20 MARKS

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Calculate the relative atomic mass of strontium in this sample.

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(b) In which block of the Periodic Table is strontium found?

(Total for Question 18 = 15 marks)

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1s . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . ........... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................. ................................................

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(c) Solid white phosphorus exists as P4 molecules.

[The Avogadro constant, L = 6.02 × 1023 mol–1]

(Total for Question 19 = 13 marks)

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