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    Exp No. 3: Standardization of HCL With Standard Na Co Solution

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    Asif Ur Rahman Adib
    1. A standard Na2CO3 solution is prepared and its concentration is determined. 2. The concentration of a dilute HCl solution is determined by titrating a known volume of the Na2CO3 solution. 3. The concentration of the original concentrated HCl solution is then calculated using the dilution equation.

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    Exp No. 3: Standardization of HCL With Standard Na Co Solution

    Uploaded by

    Asif Ur Rahman Adib
    70 views16 pages
    1. A standard Na2CO3 solution is prepared and its concentration is determined. 2. The concentration of a dilute HCl solution is determined by titrating a known volume of the Na2CO3 solution. 3. The concentration of the original concentrated HCl solution is then calculated using the dilution equation.

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    Exp No. 3aasfd

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    1. A standard Na2CO3 solution is prepared and its concentration is determined. 2. The concentration of a dilute HCl solution is determined by titrating a known volume of the Na2CO3 solution. 3. The concentration of the original concentrated HCl solution is then calculated using the dilution equation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    70 views16 pages

    Exp No. 3: Standardization of HCL With Standard Na Co Solution

    Uploaded by

    Asif Ur Rahman Adib
    1. A standard Na2CO3 solution is prepared and its concentration is determined. 2. The concentration of a dilute HCl solution is determined by titrating a known volume of the Na2CO3 solution. 3. The concentration of the original concentrated HCl solution is then calculated using the dilution equation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Exp No.

    Standardization of HCl with Standard Na2CO3 Solution


    Objectives

    Ø  Determination of concentration of commercial acid


    Ø  Understanding the reaction mechanism
    Importance
    Ø  Chemical industries and academic research
    Ø  Commercial HCl is usually≈36%
    Ø  HCl is a secondary standard substance
    Theoretical Background

    Reaction: Na2CO3+ 2HCl = NaCl+ H2O+CO2


    A two-step reaction-
    Ø Step1: Na2CO3+ HCl= NaHCO3 + NaCl
    Ø Step 2: NaHCO3 + HCl= NaCl +H2CO3
    Ø  H2CO3 ⇌ CO2+ H2O
    Ø Overall reaction: Na2CO3+ 2HCl= 2NaCl + CO2+H2O

    CNa 2CO3 :CHCl = 1:2


    pH pattern and choice of Indicator

    2−
    Hendersion equation
    CO / HCO 3
    3

    [ salt ]
    pH = pK + log
    Phenophthalein [acid ]
    pH HCO 32− / H2 CO 3
    X mL •  Indicators work better when
    pH=pK ± 1
    X/2 mL
    Methyl orange •  pK of phenolphthalein ≈ 9.3

    H2CO3⇌CO2+H2O •  Working pH range : 8.3-10.3


    X mL
    •  pK of methyl orange ≈ 3.6
    •  Working pH range: 2.6-4.6
    Vol of HCl (mL)
    Indicators and their Color Change

    PINK
    Why ?

    COLORLESS
    Why?

    Yellow

    Color changes from Yellow to


    Orange red. Observe carefully!
    Orange red
    How to calculate the concentration of HCl
    From reaction stoicheometry and pH curve

    CNa 2CO3 :CHCl = 1:2

    Gram Equiv of Na2CO3: Gram equiv of HCl = 1:1


    So we can use V1C1= V2C2
    V1=Vol. of Na2CO3 = 10 mL (drawn with a pipette)
    C1= Concentration of Na2CO3 (Known, prepared)
    V2 = Vol. of HCl soln (known, from burette readings)
    C2 = Concentration of dil. HCl soln (to be calculated)
    Let Us Start the Experiment
    Preparation of 100mL 0.1N Na2CO3 solution
    Preparation of standard solution: Use of an
    analytical balance
    Initial weight of weighing bottle + sample = x g
    Final weight of weighing bottle + sample =y g
    Amount of Na2CO3 transferred = (x-y) g
    Preparation of standard solution

    (x-y) g Na2CO3 in 100 mL vol. flask + distilled water 100 mL solution

    Wt. taken (g)


    Strength of Na 2 CO3 soln = × 0.1N
    Wt. to be taken (g)
    (x - y) g
    = × 0.1N = z N (say)
    0.53 g
    Dilution of commercial HCl

    Ø  Concentrated HCl (to be supplied)


    Ø  Take 1.2 to 1.3 mL of HCl from a burette in a 100 mL vol. flask
    Ø  Dilute to 100 mL (up to mark) with distilled water
    Titration and data collection

    Ø  Fill the burette with prepared HCl solution


    Ø  Pipette 10 mL Na2CO3 soln in a conical flask
    Ø  Rinse the conical flask with additional water
    Titration and data collection
    Ø Add 2-3 drops of phenolphthelein indicator
    Ø  Titrate with HCl solution in the burette until the solution
    turns colorless
    Ø  Add 2-3 methyl orange indicator
    Ø  Continue titration until the color turns from yellow to pink
    Data collection and calculation
    Table 1: Give a suitable Ltle for the table

    No Vol. of BureGe Reading (mL) Difference (mL) Average vol of


    Na2CO3 HCl (mL)
    soln taken IniNal Final
    (mL)
    1

    2
    10
    3
    4

    Difference should be with in ±0.1 mL.


    Two-Step calculation Use the relaLon: V1C1=V2C2
    Step 1: Find the conc. of dilute HCl V1(Known)= Vol. of Na2CO3 soln = 10 mL
    C1 (Known)= Conc. of Na2CO3 soln (you prepared)
    V2(known) =Vol. of dil HCl soln (bureGe readings)
    C2 ( Conc. of dil. HCl soln)= (?) To be calculated!
    Calculation (contd), Result and Discussion
    Step 2: Find the conc. of supplied HCl soln (Concentrated)
    Use, Vdil×Cdil=Vconc×Cconc
    Vdil(Known) = 100 mL,
    Cdil (Known), already calculated!
    Vconc(Known)= 1.2∼1.3 mL (taken from burette),
    Cconc = (?) To be calculated!
    Known Value - Observed value
    % of error = × 100
    Known value

    Result
    Express the concentration of HCl solution in normality
    Ask for known value and find the percentage of error
    Calculation (contd), Result and Discussion

    Discussion: Should be based on-


    Ø  Precautions taken to minimize error
    Ø  Justification of error (despite sufficient precautions)
    Ø  Justification of error should be based on reasons that are
    beyond your control

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