The document describes the key components and operating systems of a crane. It discusses the three main motions of cranes: hoisting, luffing, and slewing. It then provides details on the hydraulic, electrical, and safety systems that power and control the crane. These include hydraulic motors, pumps, control valves, starter panels, slip rings, and safety devices that prevent overloading, loose wires, and collisions.
The document describes the key components and operating systems of a crane. It discusses the three main motions of cranes: hoisting, luffing, and slewing. It then provides details on the hydraulic, electrical, and safety systems that power and control the crane. These include hydraulic motors, pumps, control valves, starter panels, slip rings, and safety devices that prevent overloading, loose wires, and collisions.
The document describes the key components and operating systems of a crane. It discusses the three main motions of cranes: hoisting, luffing, and slewing. It then provides details on the hydraulic, electrical, and safety systems that power and control the crane. These include hydraulic motors, pumps, control valves, starter panels, slip rings, and safety devices that prevent overloading, loose wires, and collisions.
The document describes the key components and operating systems of a crane. It discusses the three main motions of cranes: hoisting, luffing, and slewing. It then provides details on the hydraulic, electrical, and safety systems that power and control the crane. These include hydraulic motors, pumps, control valves, starter panels, slip rings, and safety devices that prevent overloading, loose wires, and collisions.
Hoisting (Used to lift up down the load using steel wire rope) Luffing (Jib up-down movement) Slewing (Whole structure horizontally angular/ circular movement)
The speed depends upon the viscosity of the working oil. (Oil temp. is about 40’C-50”C) As the temp of working oil increases the viscosity decreases and vice versa.
Hoisting winch (wire) drum can be driven by the hydraulic motor through one stage reduction gear.
The hoisting winch braking system has two systems-
1. Hydraulic blocking system using control balance valve
2. Hydraulic band braking
The hoisting winch is provided with a pinch roller.
One stage reduction gear assembly consists of a gear assembly. The latter unit is used to transmit the prime mover power to working machine and to operate the working machine at required speed. Luffing winch drum can be driven by the hydraulic motor through planetary reduction gear. The reduction gear is in enclosed casing and lubricated by oil bathing.
The luffing winch braking system has two systems-
1. Hydraulic blocking system using control balance valve
2. Hydraulic band braking Planetary gear consists of two gear mounted so that the center of one gear revolves around the center of other. The carrier connects the centers of the two gears and rotates to carry one gear called the planet gear/ planet pinion and the other one is called the sun gear/sun wheel. In case of slewing operation the internal gears are fixed with inner race to the hull by bolting. The outer race is fixed to crane base by bolting. The slewing deice consists of the hydraulic motor, planetary reduction gear, hydraulic disc brake and the pinion is engaged with internal gear of turn table bearing. It has two braking system- 1. Hydraulic blocking system using control balance valve 2. Hydraulic disc brake.
The hydraulic disc brake stops the slewing device when the power system is out of operation or the crane is rest position during sailing.
Each winch has spherical roller bearing to improve efficiency. In addition as the winch drum is grooved the wire rope can be wound regularly in the drum, thus avoid overlapping.
The hoisting handle is in right hand side.
Slewing and luffing is in left hand. Slewing and luffing is done using universal controller to operate both action of luffing and slewing.
Hydraulic system:
The hydraulic system for hoisting, luffing and slewing is composed of hydraulic oil pump, motors, and control valves. One pressure relief valve is fitted in each circuit to prevent the line from excess oil pressure.
The speed of each action can be controlled gradually by controlling the control valve. The oil return line is connected with air cooled oil cooler which is automatically controlled by a thermo switch and then the oil gets back to each suction chamber of oil pumps.
Electrical equipment:
The main power electric source is connected to starter control panel located in the machine room through the cable from slipring assembly.
The switches of the main motor space heater, control panel and starter panel are fitted in the control stand.
440VAC 3Ph---For main circuit of electric motor.
440VAC 1Ph---For main contact coil of the electric motor for the hydraulic pump and oil cooler.
110VAC 1Ph—Lighting and heating circuit.
---For control circuit of solenoid valve.
24VDC----------For other control circuit.
Main motor for hydraulic oil pump:
Started normally in star-delta method to reduce the starting current 1/3 of DOL starting. Three phase induction motor for marine use. Totally enclosed with space heater and thermal switch and external fan fitted for cooling purpose. Insulation class F IP55
Motor for oil cooler:
The motor is used for oil cooling fan. It is automatically operated by the oil temp. when the electric motor for oil pump is started. This can be done by temperature switch which is fitted in the hydraulic pipe line.
440V induction motor for marine use.
Totally enclosed and external fan fitted for cooling. DOL start. IP55
Starter Panel:
Installed in machine room of deck crane. Fitted with all starting circuit of main hydraulic pump motor, hydraulic oil cooler fan motor, including instrument transformer.
Slipring:
Installed in fixed post of ships deck within slipring assembly box.
1. Main circuit-----------440V 300A 3 ring (3 phase)
-----------440V 150A 1 ring (Earth) 2. Lighting and heating circuit—110V 30A 1 ring 3. Projection control circuit------110V 30A 2 ring
Slipring is a method to make electrical connection from a stationary object to rotating assembly. The basic concept is to use sliprings to press a series of brushes(carbon) against a rotating ring. The brushes maintain the contacts with the help of spring pressure. Safety Device:
I. Hoisting upper limit
II. Hoisting lower limit III. Luffing upper limit IV. Luffing lower limit V. Collision preventing limit between jib tip and falling block VI. Loosen wire detector of hoisting wire VII. Oil level float switch VIII. Temp. detecting device of working oil (for starting and stopping of oil cooler fan) [50’C---ON; 35’C---OFF] IX. Maximum operating oil temperature switch X. Main motor overload preventing switch XI. Emergency stop XII. Handle off notch interlock
One bypass switch is there to active bypass mode and to bypass collision prevention, loose wire detector and hoisting low limit.
Main motor overload:
=Thermal relay (working oil temperature is max) is activated.
=thermal switch inside the main motor is activated.
The main motor for the hydraulic oil pump is provided with a pair of thermostat and thermal relay as a preventing device against motor overload.
The motor for oil cooling fan is provided with thermal relay.
As the protective device of the motor is actuated by the temp. increase due to overcurrent or unbalance of three phase current it not only protect the motor against overload but also against single phasing.
Starting procedure:
Make sure nobody is present under crane operating area to avoid personnel accident and if possible cordoned off the area. Check oil level in tank is sufficient and no oil leakages are there in hydraulic pipe lines. Put all control lever in neutral position. (hoisting, luffing & slewing) Sometimes interlocks are there to start the motor. Press start button to start the motor. Warm up the oil in idle position. (=20’C) Make sure the bypass switch is in normal position. The operation with bypass active should be done only for resting the jib when finished with the job. Readjust safety devices after renewal or while replacing ropes. No moisture is allowed inside the electric motor. To prevent this always switch on the space heater. If the oil level in oil tank becomes below the required level the main electric motor stops automatically by the float switch. After renewing the slipring or leading power cable make sure that the main motor rotates in correct direction.
A gear is a rotating circular machine part having cut teeth or inserted teeth to transmit torque and speed.
