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MATHEMATICS
Quarter 4 – Module 5
Measures of Central Tendency
Mathematics – Grade 7
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 5: Measures of Central Tendency
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

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Department of Education –Region VII Schools Division of Negros Oriental

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E-mail Address: negros.oriental@deped.gov.ph
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Mathematics
Quarter 4 – Module 5
Measures of Central Tendency

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LEARNING COMPETENCIES:
• illustrates the measures of central tendency (mean, median, and mode)
of a statistical data. M7SP-IVf-1

• calculates the measures of central tendency of ungrouped and grouped

data. M7SP-IVg-1

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
K: Define the mean, mode and median of statistical data.

S: Calculate the Central Tendency of a given Grouped or Ungrouped.

A: Demonstrate appreciation of defining mean, median and mode as
important skills needed to understand the statistical data.

Arrange the collected data values in ascending order with their corresponding
frequencies: 2 6 5 8 2 5 5 3

Questions:

1. What score frequently appears?

2. What score appears to be in the middle?
3. How many students fall below the middle score?

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 ’s In
The graph below shows number of customers of XY Convenience Store
during a typical week. Find the average number of customers in a typical day.

’s New

Consider the situation below.

Pulangbato High School is looking for a Mathematics’ Quiz contestant. James and
Derek are both excelling in this subject. They are given four sets of 30 item test.
James’ scores are 27, 25, 26 and 26 while Derek’s scores are 29, 22, 25 and 24.
Answer the following questions:
1. What is the average score of James?
2. What is the average score of Derek?
3. Who will be the final Mathematics’ Quiz contestant between the two?

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 is It

Measures of Central Tendency

The mean (commonly called the average) of a set of n numbers is the sum of all the numbers
divided by n.

The median is the middle number when the number in a set of data is arrange in descending
order. When there are even numbers of elements, the median is the mean of two middle
numbers.
The mode is the number that occurs most often in a set of data. A set of data can have more
than one mode. If all the numbers appear the same number of times, there is no mode for the
data set.

UNGROUPED DATA:

To find the Mean Alex adds up all the numbers, then divides by how many numbers:
Mean = 59 + 65 + 61 + 62 + 53 + 55 + 60 + 70 + 64 + 56 + 58 + 58 + 62 + 62 + 68 + 65 + 56 + 59 + 68 + 61 + 67
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= 61.38095

To find the Median Alex places the numbers in value order and finds the middle number.

In this case the median is the 11th number:

53,55,56,56,58,58,59,59,60,61,61,62,62,62,64,65,65,67,687,68,70
Median = 61

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To find the Mode or modal value, Alex places the number in value order then counts how
many of each number. The mode is the number which appears most often (there can be more
than one mode).

53,55,56,56,58,58,59,59,60,61,61,62,62,62,64,65,65,67,687,68,70

62 appears three times, more often than the other values,

so, Mode = 62

The Mean X

Formula Mean (Ungrouped Data)

X = mean Σ𝑋 =sum of the scores
𝚺𝑿𝟏
𝑿= where: X1 = scores N = total frequency
𝑵

Example 1:
The following is a list of the weekly savings of 10 students.
Student Abel Brenda Carlos Donna Edwin Fred Gina Hans Izzy Jacob
Weekly
60 50 40 50 70 50 50 80 70 70
savings ₱

Find the average weekly savings per student.

Solution:
Σ𝑋1 60 + 50 + 40 + 50 + 70 + 50 + 50 + 80 + 70 + 70
𝑋= = = ₱ 𝟓𝟗. 𝟎𝟎
𝑁 10

The value of ₱59.00 is the mean of the set of values that represent the savings of the students.

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Formula Weighted Mean To find the mean of a set of
data in frequency table.
𝚺𝐟𝐗
𝑿= 1. Multiply each ‘X’ in
𝑵
the set of data by ‘f’ to
obtain ‘fX’.
where: x = mean f = frequency, x = score
2. Find the sum of ‘fX’.
ΣfX = sum of the product of frequency and score 3. Find the sum of , (N).
𝚺𝐟𝐗
N = total frequency 4. The mean, 𝑿 =
𝑵

Let us represent the data in Example 1 in a frequency table.

Weekly savings (₱) Number of students
(x) (f)
40 1
50 4
60 1
70 3
80 1
N = 10

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To apply the formula for weighted mean, we add the ‘fx’ column to the frequency table.
Weekly Number of Weekly savings •
savings (₱) students Number of students

(x) (f) (fx)

40 1 40
50 4 200
60 1 60
70 3 210
80 1 80
N = 10 Σfx = 590

Use the formula to calculate the mean.

𝚺𝐟𝐗 𝟓𝟗𝟎
𝑿= = = 𝟓𝟗
𝑵 𝟏𝟎

The mean weekly savings per student is ₱59.00.

The Median (X ) UNGROUPED

Example:
The scores of the 9 students in example 1 are arranged in ascending order as follows.
Student Fred Brenda Gina Donna Abel Edwin Izzy Jacob Hans
Scores 50 50 50 50 60 70 70 70 80
Find the median of the distribution.
Solution:

N=9
𝑵+𝟏 𝒕𝒉
X = ( ) score
𝟐

𝟗+𝟏 𝒕𝒉
=( ) score
𝟐

= 5th score
= 60 (median)

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 In general, a data with N observations arranged in ascending order.
1. If N is odd, the median is the middle position which is
𝑁 𝑡ℎ
( 2 ) position.

2. If N is even, the median is the mean of two middle data which are
𝑵 𝒕𝒉 𝑵 𝒕𝒉
the ( 𝟐 ) and ( 𝟐 + 𝟏) data.

The Median (X ) GROUPED

In computing for the median of ungrouped data, the following formula is used:
∑𝒇
−<𝒄𝒇
Median = 𝒍𝒃𝒎𝒄 + [ 𝟐 𝒇 ]𝒊
𝒎𝒄

where: lbmc is the lower boundary of the median class;

f is the frequency of each class;
<cf is the cumulative frequency of the lower class next to the median class;
fmc is the frequency of median class; and
i is the class interval.
The median class is the class with the smallest cumulative frequency greater than or
∑𝒇
equal to 𝟐 . The computed median must be within the median class.

Example:
Calculate the median of the Mid-year Test Sores of students in Filipino.

Mid-year Test Scores of Students in Filipino

scores Frequency
41 – 45 1
36 – 40 8
31 – 35 8
26 – 30 14
21 – 25 7
16 - 20 2

Solution:
Scores frequency lb <cf
41 – 45 1 40.5 40
36 – 40 8 35.5 39
31 – 35 8 30.5 31
26 – 30 14 25.5 23 Median Class
21 – 25 7 20.5 9
16 - 20 2 15.5 2
i=5 f = 40
∑𝑓
−<𝑐𝑓
Median = 𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑐 + [ 2 𝑓 ]𝑖
𝑚𝑐

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 𝑓 40
a. == 20
2 2
The 20th score contained in the class 26-30. This means that the median falls
within the class boundaries of 26-30. That is, 25.5 – 30.5.
b. <cf = 9
c. fmc = 14
d. Lbmc = 25.5
e. i=5

Solution:
∑𝑓
−<𝑐𝑓
2
Median = 𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑐 + [ ]𝑖
𝑓𝑚𝑐

40
−9
Median = 25.5 + [ 214 ] 5
Median = 25.5 +3.93
Median = 29.43

The Mode (UNGROUPED)

The mode of a distribution is the data with the highest frequency.
One easy way to obtain the mode is to use a stem-and-leaf plot or frequency table.
Weekly savings (₱) Number of students
(X) (f)
40 1

50 4

60 1
70 3

80 1

N = 10

Stem-and-leaf Plot
Stems Leaves key: 5|0 means 50
4 0
5 0 0 0 0
6 0
7 0 0 0
Clearly, the mode is ₱50.00 because it has the highest frequency.
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The Mode (GROUPED)
The mode of grouped data can be approximated using the following formula:

𝑫𝟏
Mode = 𝒍𝒃𝒎𝟎 + [𝑫 ]𝒊
𝟏 +𝑫𝟐

where: lbmo = is the lower boundary of the modal class

D1 = is the difference between the frequencies of the modal class and the next upper
class;
D2 = is the difference between the frequencies of the modal class and the next lower
class; and
i = is the class interval

the modal class with the highest frequency.

Example:
Calculate the mode of the mid-year test scores of the students in Filipino.

Mid-year Test Scores of Students in Filipino

scores
41 – 45
36 – 40
31 – 35
26 – 30
21 – 25
16 - 20
Scores frequency lb
41 – 45 1 40.5
36 – 40 8 35.5
31 – 35 8 30.5
26 – 30 14 25.5 Modal Class
21 – 25 7 20.5
16 - 20 2 15.5
i=5 f = 40

Since class 26-30 has the highest frequency, therefore the modal class is 26-30.

Lbmo = 25.5
D1 = 14 – 8 = 6
D2 = 14 – 7 = 7
i=5
𝐷1
Mode = 𝑙𝑏𝑚0 + [𝐷 +𝐷 ]𝑖
1 2
6
Mode = 25.5 + [6+7] 5

Mode = 25.5 +2.31

Mode = 27.81
Therefore, the mode of the mid-year test score is 27.81
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 ’s More

Read the problems carefully. Determine the value of the ‘Measures of Central Tendency”
being asked.
1. The ages of weekend basketball players are 42, 40, 37, 20, 35, 28, 32, 43, 39 and 34
respectively. Find the mean and median ages.

2. There are 30 students in a Grade 7 class. The grades obtained by the students in
Mathematics are tabulated below. Calculate the mean grade. Round off your answers
to two decimal places.

Grades Obtained Number of Students

100 2
95 7
88 10
76 6
69 5

I Have Learned

Fill in the blank to make a true statement.

1. The difference between the greatest and the least number in a data is called ________.
2. The _______ is the other term used for average.
3. The middle number in a data set, when the numbers arranged in descending order, is
called _______.
4. The number that occurs most often in a data set is called ______.
5. When there is an extreme value that distorts the mean, the _______ is an appropriate
measure of central tendency.

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 I Can Do

Solve the following: (2 points each)

1. Find the mean of the following ages of students in a culinary class.

24, 18, 19, 20, 24, 26, 27, 20, 23, 19

Salaries
Number of employees
2. Find the mean salary for a small X
company that pays monthly salaries to ₱ 7 000.00 8
its employees as shown in the following ₱ 8 000.00 11
frequency distribution ₱ 9 250.00 14
₱ 10 500.00 9
₱ 17 000.00 2
₱ 25 000.00 1
Find the median of the following scores:
3. 34, 11, 49, 54, 64, 59, 47
4. 121, 112, 102, 108, 106, 116
5. The stem-and-leaf diagram shows Stems Leaves
the scores of 40 students in Math test. Find the 4 2 7 7 3 1 5 4 3
mode.
5 3 2 3 8 1 8 5 5

6 4 1 7 4 9 2 4 4 1 2 3

7 3 8 0 5 8

8 2 5 3 5 0 8 1

Key: 6|3 represents a score of 63

RUBRIC

2 points: correct answer and solution

1 point: wrong answer with almost correct solution

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1. What is the mean for the data set 67, 89, 93, 77, 84?
A.81 B. 82 C. 83 D. none of the above
2. What is the mode for the data set 13, 11, 10, 12, 14, 9, 11, 8, 11?
A.10 B. 11 C. 12 D. none of the above
3. Find the median for the data set 32, 43, 31, 52, 28, 39.
A.34.5 B. 35 C. 35.5 D. none of the above
4. What is the cumulative frequency of the median class in this distribution?

No. of Students Midpoint

Scores f-Xm cf
(f) (Xm)
20-29 1
30-39 14
40-49 9
50-59 13
60-69 3
i= n=

A. 9 B. 14 C. 15 D. 24

5. What is the modal class of this distribution?

Scores No. of Students Midpoint f-Xm cf

(f) (Xm)
20-29 1
30-39 14
40-49 9
50-59 13
60-69 3
i= n=

A. 30-39 B. 40 - 49 C. 50-59 D. 60 - 69

Find your average grade during the First Quarter.

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What’s In:
Average = 185.71
What I know:
1. 5
2. 5
3. 3
What’s More:
1. Mean = 35 years old
Median = 36 years old
2. 84.87
What I have Learned:
1. Range
2. Mean
3. Median
4. Mode
5. Median
What I Can Do
1. Mean = 22
2. Mean = ₱ 9, 488.00
3. Median = 49
4. Median = 110
5. Mode = 64
Assessment:
1. a
2. b
3. b
4. d
5. a
References

Orlando A. Oronce and Marilyn O. Mendoza. e-math Geometry. Rex Book Store. 856
Nicanor Reyes Sr. St., Metro Manila.

Emmanuel P. Abuzo, Merden L. Bryant, Jem Boy B. Cabrella, Belen P. Caldez,

Melvin M. Callanta, Anastacia Proserfina I. Castro, Alicia R. Halabaso, Sonia P. Javier,
Roger T. Nocom, and Concepcion S. Temida. Mathematics Leaerner’s Module 8. Department
of Education-Bureau of Learning Resources. Ground Florr, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd
Complex, Meralco Avenue Pasig City.

www.mathsisfun.com. Mean, median and mode from grouped frequencies.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division of Negros Oriental

Kagawasan, Avenue, Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Tel #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117

Email Address: negros.oriental@deped.gov.ph
Website: lrmds.depednodis.net

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