GEC08-SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & SOCIETY Introduction

Introduction: Science, Technology & Society

Overview
What is STS, and why should people want to study and learn it?
Why should students, teachers, researchers and other
professionals have interest in the subject? Primarily, we need some
background and understanding of the significance of science and
technology in the living past and their importance in the modern
world.
Goals of STS
Education

Challenges &
Opportunities of
STS Education

Meaning of
Science,
Technology and
Society

Objectives Purposes of
Science and
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to Technology

➡ learn and understand the goals of STS (Science, Technology

& Society) education,
Limitations of
➡ explain the challenges and opportunities of STS education, Science &
Technology
➡ understand the meaning of science and technology (as a
process and as a product) and society,
Technology &
➡ explain the purposes of science and technology and the
the Quality of
effect of technology in the quality of our life. Life

Self-assessment
Test

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Lecture Notes
STS deals with the interactions between science and technology and social, cultural, political,
and economic contexts that shape and are shaped by them. It concerns the study of
contemporary controversies, historical transformations, policy dilemmas, and broad
philosophical questions. And the key goals of STS are the following;

• engaging students in examining a variety of real world issues and grounding scientific
knowledge in such realities.

Rather than learning about the facts and

theories of weather patterns, you can
explore them in the context of issues such
as global warming. You can also debate
the environmental, social, economic and
political consequences of relevant
legislation, such as the Kyoto Protocol (The
Kyoto Protocol mandated that
industrialized nations cut their greenhouse
gas emissions at a time when the threat of
global warming was growing rapidly). This Extreme weather events like bushfires, cyclones,
is thought to provide a richer, more droughts and floods are becoming more frequent and
meaningful and relevant canvas against more intense as a result of global warming.
which scientific theories and phenomena
relating to weather patterns can be explored. In today’s world, other real world issues
might include the impact on society of genetic engineering, animal testing. deforestation
practices, and nuclear testing.

• enabling the students to formulate a critical understanding of the interface between

science, technology and society; and

This means to say that the adoption of the As a citizen, you will have the enormous
STS concept in an educational reform responsibility of making decisions that will
enables the development of resources for impact yourself as well as society. Many of
critical thinking towards a complex and these decisions will require an
fast-changing societies which are deeply understanding of the interaction of
influenced by science and technology. STS science and technology and its interface
examines the ways in which science and with society.
technology issues are emerging and
affecting societies.

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• developing the students’ capacities and confidence to make informed decisions and to
take responsible action to address issues arising from the impact of science in their daily
lives.

The STS education can develop your positive benefits and power of science and
ability to formulate sound ethical and technology must also be aware of the
moral decisions about issues arising from moral and ethical dimensions of science
the impact of science in your daily lives. and technology. And as a response to the
complex social and moral issues in our
According to Lewis & Gagel, STS
society in an intellectual and informed
education integrates sciences and value
manner, you are required to be educated
education. Meaning, an informed and
scientifically and morally.
responsible citizenry that understands the

Focus Question: What have science and technology done for you
lately? Answer this question in 5 sentences only. Send your answer
thru text/private messaging or via e-mail.

Challenges and Opportunities of STS Education

Values and Beliefs: The goals of STS may challenge the value and beliefs of students and
teachers-as well as conventional, culturally entrenched views on scientific and
technological development. However, the students can gain opportunities to engage with,
and deeply examine the impact of scientific development on their lives from a critical and
informed perspective. Moreover, this will help the students to develop their analytical and
problem solving capacities, as well as their ability to make informed choices in their
everyday lives.

In teaching and learning STS, our moral insemination. At this instance, a debate
and religious beliefs can be challenged; may occur among us and each of us will
hence, arguments about STS issues may defend our stand about the existence of
arise during the discussion. For example, human beings; hence, your critical
some of us believed that only God can thinking can be developed or improved.
create humans while others might say that Also, you can make a choice if which is to
science and technology can develop fetus believe and learn to respect the beliefs of
through medical procedures such as In- others.
Vitro Fertilization (IVF) and artificial

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Knowledge and Understanding: The interdisciplinary nature of STS requires teachers and
students to research and gather information from a variety of sources. At the same time,
teachers need to develop a sound understanding of issues in various disciplines-
philosophy, history, geography, social studies, politics, economics, environment and
science. This is so that students’ knowledge base can be appropriately scaffolded to
enable them to effectively engage in discussions, debates, and decision-making processes.

The interdisciplinary nature of STS can appreciate the differences between

help you to overcome your disciplines, on how to approach a problem
preconceptions by recognizing the source and their discipline specific rules
of the preexisting understandings and by regarding feasible evidence. This will lead
introducing to you the subject matter from you to a broader understanding of the
a variety of perspectives that challenge issue under investigation. Eventually, your
your existing beliefs. When you put aside knowledge formation capacity will be
your pre-existing beliefs, you position enhanced in engaging yourself in
yourself to learn facts more readily and are conversations dealing with more complex
more open to adopting a range of issues.
methodologies that promote
Moreover, interdisciplinary instruction
understanding. Thus, we, as teachers,
opens academic conversations to ideas
should spend more time exploring issues
from a range of disciplines, so you should
that promote significant learning with you.
be able to relate and contribute to the
In addition, interdisciplinary instruction dialogue. Thus, the likelihood of
helps you to develop your cognitive connecting with the full array of the
abilities - brain-based skills and mental students in the classroom is enhanced by
processes that are needed to carry out interdisciplinary learning.
tasks. At this instance, you can learn to

Pedagogic Approach: Depending on teacher’s experience and comfort levels, a variety of

pedagogic approaches based on constructivism can be used to stimulate the STS
education in the classroom.

We, STS teachers, are often faced with the some clear pointers in (1) identifying your
challenge of transforming classroom views and ideas, (2) exploring your ideas
practices from task-oriented approaches and robustness in explaining phenomena,
to those which focus on developing accounting of events and making
students' understanding and transferring predictions, (3) providing stimuli that will
agency for learning to students. develop, modify or change your ideas and
views, and (4) supporting your attempts to
And to stimulate your ability in conceptual
re-think and reconstruct your ideas and
reconstruction, we will try to provide you
views.

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The teaching method based on Teachers who employ constructivist

constructivist views are very useful to your teaching try to help students to learn
learning. Hence, as teachers, we should meaningfully. They should encourage
have a clear idea of what you have already students to accept the invitation to learn
known and understood so that you can and to take action on what they have
engage in activities that help you construct learnt, and to provide students with
new meanings. Moreover, your opportunities to explore, discover and
opportunities to talk about your ideas create, as well as to propose explanations
concerning particular concepts or issues and solutions.
are prominent in the learning process.

Meaning of Science
1. Science is a process. 2. Science is a product.
(a) Concerned with discovering (a) Systematized, organized body of
relationships between observable knowledge based on facts or
phenomena in terms of theories. truths.

(b) Systematized theoretical inquiries. (b) A set of logical and empirical

methods which provide for the
(c) It seeks truth about nature.
systematic observation of empirical
(d) It is determined by observation, phenomena.
hypothesis, measurement, analysis
(c) Source of cognitive authority.
and experimentation.
(d) Concerned with verifiable
(e) It is the description and
concepts.
explanation of the development of
knowledge. (e) A product of the mind.

(f) It is the study of the beginning and (f) It is the variety of knowledge,
the end of everything that exist. people, skills, organizations,
facilities, techniques, physical
(g) Conceptualization of new ideas,
resources, methods and
from the abstract to the particular.
technologies that taken together
(h) Kind of human cultural activity. and in relation with one another.

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Science as a process refers to the practices motion during the process, but he built a
employed in science to uncover new idea with a more accurate description
knowledge and interpret the meaning of of nature and motion, leaving the Laws of
those discoveries. It is a process of Motion as a product.
investigation into the natural world and the
Another example
knowledge generated through that
can be illustrated
process. Also, it is a process by which we
in making a lye (a
increase and refine understanding of
substance
ourselves and of the universe through
needed in soap-
continuous observation, experimentation,
making), where
application and verification.
sodium hydroxide
In addition, science is a process because is slowly poured into distilled water and
the scientific method makes any carefully stirred until fully dissolved. The
hypothesis (or theory) open to be proven lye solution is left to cool, eventually, it is
against. During the process, the accurate ready to mixed with oils. In the process of
ideas stay (as theories) while the false dissolving the sodium hydroxide, the
ideas disappear from mainstream science product is lye.
as historic steps towards the truth. 
In photosynthesis-a process by which
On the other plants use solar energy to produce sugar,
hand, science is light energy is
a product converted to
because without chemical energy,
those historic which is stored in
steps, a yet sugars. The
more complex ideas couldn't have appear. process involves
For example, Sir Isaac Newton cannot three basic
formulate the laws of motion without the reactants (water,
ideas of Aristotle and Galileo Galilie. In carbon dioxide and light energy) and
other words Newton didn't come up with produces three key products (glucose,
the equation out of nowhere, neither he oxygen and water).
destroyed false ideas of Aristotle about

Meaning of Technology (c) The intelligent organization

and manipulation of materials for
On the same view, technology is defined
useful purposes.
as both a process and a product.
(d) The means employed to provide
1. Technology is a process.
for human needs and wants.
(a) It is the application of science.
(e) Focused on inventing new or
(b) The practice, description, and better tools and materials or new
terminology of applied sciences. and better ways of doing things.

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(f) A way of using findings of science (b) It is like a language, rituals, values,
to produce new things for a commerce and arts, it is an intrinsic
better way of living. part of cultural system and it both
shapes and reflects the system
(g) Search for concrete solutions that values.
work and give wanted results.
(c) It is the product of the scientific
(h) It is characteristically calculative  concept.
and imitative, tends to be
dangerously manipulative. (d) The complex combination
of knowledge, materials
(i) Form of human cultural activity. and methods.
2. Technology is a product. (e) Material products of human
(a) A system of know-how, skills, making or fabrication.
techniques and processes. (f) Total societal enterprise.

Technology as a process provides the IDENTIFICATION OF PROBLEM: How can

means to make and deliver products with we cross from one side of a river to the
attainment of specified product features other side? The river is too deep to cross it
by use, application and control of by feet and there is too much water stream
methods, techniques, machines and or cold temperature to cross by swimming.
resources. In other words, it is
SEARCHING OF INFORMATION: One of
methodology adapted to produce the
the possible solution is to build a bridge;
product or providing the services. The
then we should look for information about
steps in technological process consist of
the different kinds of bridge and find out if
(1) identification of the problem, (2)
which kind will fit the need of the
searching of information, (3) designing
community.
and constructing, and (4) evaluation of
what have been constructed. DESIGNING & CONSTRUCTING: In this
step, an engineer draws the design of the
For example, in the construction of a
bridge that is appropriate for the location
bridge;
and purpose of the structure. Once
everything is planned, construction will
begin.

EVALUATION: After the construction of the

bridge, it will be tested according to its
capacity before we can fully use it, to
ensure the safety of the end-users.

San Juanico Bridge: The longest bridge in the

Philippines

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However, technology as a product could feasible solution for smart cities.

be a ready to use commodity or Singapore, for instance, is leading the
something you can hand over to someone vertical farming trend in Southeast Asia,
else (even services are products because with over 30 vertical farms by several
you give them to others). It can be companies in the past year. In the
hardware or software. Here are some Philippines, the Urban Agriculture Act of
examples of technology as a product; 2013, which requires the Department of
Agriculture to explore urban agriculture,
In communication we have the Social
including vertical farming, and transform
Media Platforms, which allow people to
abandoned government lots into vertical
create personal pages, post profile images
farming facilities, has already been filed.
and updates on their lives, and create a
friend list of people who can see your Another example of
updates. It also allows users to directly technology as a
connect with one another through groups, product is the new
networks, and location. capabilities of
Global Positioning
System or GPS.
Instant car pools are
feasible since
people desiring a
ride can be Smartphones can be used
instantly matched in tracking people,
with a vehicle in a vehicles, parcel, etc.
nearby area. Also,
Different Social Media Platforms that allow us to GPS can be used as a valuable tool in
connect with our family and friends. tracking criminals or terrorists by the law
enforcers, using devices they attach to
Nowadays, Vertical vehicles, or through tracking the
Farming is very perpetrator's smartphone.
popular in urban
areas where plants
are cultivated and
stacked upwards,
usually within
buildings, taking
less space than
traditional farming.
Because this
method takes up
Vertical farming takes
fewer resources
place the traditional
such as water and farming
land, it then
becomes a

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FOCUS QUESTIONS: Based from what you have understood about

the meaning of science and technology, determine whether the
following statements describe science (as process or product) or
technology (as process or product). Send your answers thru text/
private messaging or via e-mail.

1. The Law of Universal Gravitation states

that the force of gravity is directly
proportional to the product of masses
of two attracting bodies and inversely
proportional to the square of the
distance separating them

2. Scientists and philosophers from For Q.1 & 2: The Law of Universal Gravitation was
formulated by Sir Isaac Newton
ancient times have made observations
about gravity on Earth. In 628, Indian
astronomer Brahmagupta recognized
gravity as a force of attraction. In the
1600s, Galileo Galilei, Robert Hooke
and Johannes Kepler formulated laws
of gravity near the Earth.

3. Measuring the width of a wooden block

using metric ruler.

4. The measured width of the wooden

block is 6.5 centimeters

5. A metric ruler or meter stick can be For Q.3, 4, & 5: Measurement is fundamental to the
sciences; to engineering, construction, and other
used in measuring lengths with high technical fields; and to almost all everyday
precision. activities.

6. Weaving of hat from coconut fronds-the

leaf part of coconut palm.To weave the
hat, use between 17 and 20 leaflets,
means use 17, 18, 19 or 20 leaflets. Hats
weaved with 17 leaflets will give a
normal hat. below 17 will be smaller
and suitable for kids only. Above 20
leaflets will make the hat very large.

7. This hat is something that definitely

turns heads and also protects the For Q.6 & 7: Native hat made from coconut fronds
wearer from sunlight.

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8. In textile manufacturing, the plant or

animal fibers are converted into yarn
and yarn into fabric. These are dyed or
printed.

9. The dyed or printed fabrics are then

fabricated into clothes while other
textile goods are used for decoration
(such as patches, ribbon, bows, flowers,
etc.)

10.Cotton is the most important natural

fiber in the textile industry; and, cotton
For Q.8, 9, &10: Cotton fabric is derived from the
fabric is one of the most commonly
fibers surrounding the seeds of cotton plants, which
used types of fabrics in the world. It is emerge in a round, fluffy formation once the seeds
chemically organic, which means that it are mature.
does not contain any synthetic
compounds.

Meaning of Society
1. Came from the Latin word “socius” that 3. Made up of community of people.
means friendship, companionship or a) Scientists
sociability. 
b) Technologists
c) Recipients (Users)
2. It is a dynamic system
of collective, cohabitation of
4. It provides us with a system and a
groups of individuals with mutual
platform to work together for the
understanding, benefits and common
betterment of the world. With the
goals.
collective efforts of the society, we are
able to improve our living and social
conditions.

Society is institutions, population, and the

a dynamic environment, alone or in some
entity combination, create social change. All
because it these areas can impact when and how
is subject society changes. And they are all
to interrelated: a change in one area can lead
constant to changes throughout. Say for example,
changes; advances in medical technology allow
changes infertile women to bear children,
may take place slowly and gradually or eventually it indirectly leads to increase in
suddenly and abruptly.  Technology, social population.

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Society is made observed in the current situation of our

up of country where Covid-19 became
individuals who pandemic. In our condition right now,
have agreed to everyone is encourage to follow the health
work together protocol (wearing of mask, frequent hand
for mutual washing and social distancing) specified by
benefit. the Department of Health in order to
Through the joint reduce the chances of virus infection and
efforts of individuals , they can help the overwhelming of patients’ hospital
groups to which they belong to, their accommodation. For the past four months,
community, or they can help society as a we’re doing this altogether and we are
whole. trying to fight Covid-19…as one. Let us
continue the fight until a vaccine is
An example of how the people in a society discovered by the experts. Meanwhile, stay
work together for a common goal can be at home and stay safe and healthy!

Focus Question: As an individual, how do you leave a positive

impact in your community? Answer this question in 5 sentences
only. Send your answer thru text/private messaging or via e-mail.

Purposes of Science & Technology

1. To improve quality of human condition. 6. To give an information and explanation

of the natural world.
2. To provide solution to our practical
problems. 7. To develop new areas of knowledge.

3. To establish relevant institutional 8. To combat irrationality.

linkages and essential mechanisms.
9. To maintain the availability of
4. To develop individual knowledge. natural resources.

5. To find order in the chaos of nature and

deliver personal and social liberation.

Technology has advanced into many areas anymore because cellphones, particularly
of our lives, making information more smartphones, can save hundreds of phone
accessible, improving communication, numbers that are all a click away. Buying
changing transportation, and more. Today and selling of goods, nowadays, were also
we can text or message our family improved because of technology; instead
members and friends online to of going to shopping malls, supermarkets
communicate rather than just going and or grocery stores, which is not as safe as
knocking on their door. In addition, we when there was no Covid-19 yet, we can
don’t need to memorize phone numbers avail all the basic needs with less hassles
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through online goes smoothly from conception to market

buying. But of availability. Hence, the global scientific
course we must be community must continue to be part in the
careful in choosing development of scientific and
online sellers to technological innovations not only to
Shopping online is convenient avoid any any successfully combat the COVID-19
and secure. inconvenience pandemic, but also to contribute to
in our part. knowledge societies that exist in harmony
Always read the reviews of those who with nature and where individuals can lead
already purchased the same item before prosperous and fulfilling lives. Let us pray
trusting the seller and placing your order/s. and be hopeful that soon a vaccine can be
These are only few examples that shows developed to cure the diseases due to
how technology improved and made our novel coronavirus (COVID-19).
lives easier. Though technology can make
our lives easier and convenient, we should Science can also combat irrationality-an
also remember that with each benefit absurd action, behavior or thought; but
comes a potential cost or consequences. how? Have you heard or learned Aristotle’s
theory of motion? In his theory, Aristotle
In today’s world, the role of science and stated that heavier objects fall faster than
technology is essential; it provides solution lighter ones. Philosophically speaking, he’s
to difficult problems, the problems that right that’s why his idea was accepted for
have the potential to become major about 2000 years. However, Galileo Galilei
bottlenecks to the overall growth of the contradicted
country. Some of these problems could be Aristotle’s theory
related to health, education, availability of and he asserted
healthy food and drinking water, and that light and heavy
infrastructure. objects when
Currently, the dropped
Covid-19 pandemic simultaneously
becomes a major from the same
problem in the height will reach
health system of the ground at the
our country and same time. Galileo The “thought experiment”
the world, as a Novel coronavirus caused had proven his of Galileo Galilei at the
Covid-19 Leaning Tower of Pisa
whole. It statement when he
happened in dropped objects of
times that our health system is not ready different masses from the leaning tower of
from this kind of health problem; however, Pisa (in Italy) and eventually, the objects
researchers worldwide are working around reached the ground at the same time.
the clock to find a vaccine against the virus Though Galileo did not actually dropped
causing the COVID-19 pandemic. Experts the objects from the tower (what he did
estimate that a fast-tracked vaccine was a “thought experiment”- experiment
development process could speed a done in the head, he was able to refute the
successful candidate to market in old thinking about the motion of falling
approximately 12-18 months–if the process objects.
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Focus Question: (1) In your current situation, how did science and
technology improved the quality of your life condition? (2) How did
science and technology able to provide explanation to your queries
about the natural world? Choose only 1 of these questions and send
your answers thru text/private messaging or via e-mail. Limit your
answer to 5 sentences only.

Limitations of Science and Technology

Epistemological concerns. It cannot help us with questions about the God, the ultimate
Good, and Truth. It cannot deny nor confirm the existence of God, soul, heaven and other
uncertainties.

We believe that everything in the universe to draw conclusion scientifically, we run the
was created grave risk of depriving ourselves of what
by God and we might have come to truly learn.
He also made
life into Nowadays, we can track the whereabouts
existence. of our friends and family members using
And the the modern technology of smartphones,
existence of we can even travel from one place to
life and other another with ease in a short span of time.
things could But these technology cannot be used to
be a proof travel in heaven, hell or purgatory for us to
that God be able to prove or deny that there is such
exists because of His creations. But the place in the afterlife. We can’t even send a
questions is, if there was no life in a planet, text or private message to our deceased
will this mean that God does not exist in loved ones to find out if how they are
that place? Some of you might say yes doing. Actually, none of our modern
while others might say no; your answer technology can confirm whether the soul of
depends on how strong or weak your a deceased person goes to heaven or hell
religious belief and we’ll respect your or it’s just wandering around us. It’s our
opinion. Well, Science can explain how faith that, maybe, matters if what to believe
plants make their own food, how animals or not to believe.
depend on plants to sustain life, how our
human body system function when we’re
alive; however these are not enough
evidences to conclude that science can
prove or disprove the existence of God. But
of course if we use our beliefs as an excuse

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Metaphysical concerns. Immaterial and transcendental nature is beyond the grasp of

scientific inquiry. It cannot speak to issue of ultimate origin, meaning or morality.

Immaterial and transcendental describe We, as Christians, also believed that on the
anything that has to do with the spiritual or Judgement Day souls will be re-embodied
non-physical world, which is beyond the and will live eternally in the heavenly
realm of rationality and the material world kingdom. No one knows when it will
or ordinary and everyday experience; it is happen, however, let us do the right things
mystical or supernatural. An example of this here on earth so that our soul will be
is the ability to rewarded in the future. Whether this is true
communicate or not, again, our religious belief, which
with the dead, should be respected by everyone, matters.
which could be And just like the previous example, the
initiated through existence of soul is beyond the grasp of
spiritual scientific inquiry and there is no scientific
channeling or studies, yet, that can prove the reality of this
mediumship. instance.
Mediums
claimed that
they can listen to
and relay
messages from
spirits or they can allow spirit to control
their body and speak through it directly or
by using automatic drawing or writing. The
validity of this practice can be studied but
no scientific explanation can justify that a
medium can communicate with the dead,
yet.

Another example of transcendental entity is

the concept of the soul that exist entirely
apart from the body when a person dies.
Most of us believed that at death, the soul
is separated from the body and exists in a
conscious or unconscious spiritual state.

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Needs human intervention to carry out its functions properly.

It can predict forces of nature but cannot prevent the prevalence/occurrence.

Cannot guarantee an ultimate solution to any specific problem.

In this modern days, machines can be Many years ago, the occurrence of natural
operated and made functional by artificial disaster such as earthquake, typhoon,
agents like robots, which perform task in
behalf of humans without immediate and
direct human control. However, there are
still other machines (technologies) that
become functional only if a person utilized
them. Like for example, in doing our

volcanic eruption and others were

predicted depending on the behavior of
some animals, based on astronomical
movement of heavenly bodies and other
mythical beliefs. People would say that
volcano is angry when it erupted or that the
gods were demanding for sacrifices. But
laundry using a washing machine; we need today, our capability to predict most natural
to fill this with water, pour powdered hazards and disseminate warnings based
detergent and put the laundry in it because on those predictions can be better
the machine cannot do it by itself. Though addressed because of the current scientific
the washing can be performed by the and technological advancements; hence,
machine automatically, we still need to take we are able to make preventive measures
a hand to make it functional and perform its and preparations ahead of time to reduce
task properly. Another the damage in our properties. Also, print
example, “Siri” or Speech (newspaper) and broadcast media (radio,
Interpretation and and television) can help us to learn and
Recognition Interface in understand about the natural disasters and
our smartphone disaster prevention. However, we cannot
(particularly iPhone) can stop these natural phenomena from
send a message to our family members, happening with the use of modern
friends and colleagues upon dictation but technology, it can only be used for
then again, without our effort to do so “Siri” prediction, data gathering and
can’t compose the message if we will not interpretation and for preventive measures.
dictate it to her.

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Lastly, science can not solve all of our in many aspects. Knowing that cigarettes
problems; however, our scientific contains highly addictive chemical known
understanding can help us fight diseases, as nicotine, but it can do nothing to your
hunger and poverty when applied properly personal health unless you stop from
and when the concerned individual act on smoking or you did not start smoking at all.
that understanding, accordingly. For Reading an article about the health risk of
instance, science has found that smoking smoking is easy but the hard part is to stop
has many from smoking. In this sense, science really
bad effects cannot solve the problem, only us can solve
related to the problem when we take the knowledge
health, social provided by science and use it
and appropriately. In fact, many of our
psychological problems are caused by lack of action and
level, which, eventually, can harm a person not lack of knowledge.

Technology and the Quality of Life 

New technologies are improving the quality of life. These are seen in:

1. Medical research in pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, and medical devices helps us lead

healthier lives and offers new hope for the sick.

Medical research has high value to society vaccine will bring new hope to the Covid19
because it can provide important patients (more importantly) and to their
information about disease trends and risk family as well.
factors, outcomes of treatment or public
health interventions, functional abilities, In the health
patterns of care, and health care costs and management
use. Eventually, medical research have led of Covid19
to significant discoveries, the development patients with
of new therapies, and a remarkable severe or
improvement in health care and public critical
health. Like for instance, the discovery of respiratory
“Sputnik V” infection, ventilators are indispensable.
from Russia is These machines are used to pump oxygen
the awaited into the lungs of patients to maintain blood
vaccine that oxygen saturation; these are used for
might cure severe and critically ill patients
Covid19, experiencing breathing difficulties;
though there however, not all severe patients need
are some ventilator. In other words, not every severe
controversies on this, we are very hopeful patient can experience breathing difficulty
for the success of curing Covid19 using that can only be solved by ventilator. Some
“Sputnik V”. The development of this patients just need to inhale oxygen, and an

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oxygen system can simply do the job. important to understand that ventilators do
These technology [ventilator] allowed time not cure COVID-19, but they help support
for the patient to recover in hopes that lung function while a patient’s body is
breathing becomes normal again. It’s fighting the infection.

2. Sophisticated traffic management systems for land, sea, and air transportation enable
the smooth and timely movement of more people and goods.

Transport is a key sector in the Philippine and adapt vehicular traffic speed;
economy, linking population and economic eventually, there was a reduction of
centers across the islands. The transport polluting elements in the streets, improved
system in most of the cities in the road safety and a decrease in the holdup
Philippines is predominantly land-based. time.
Relative to this, the Metropolitan Manila
Development Authority (MMDA) tried to In recent
improve traffic flow and reduce travel years, there
times, making the best not only for the has been
movement of vehicles but also that of notable
persons, goods and services. Since Metro development
Manila is the country’s main business, retail of roll-on roll-
and industry hub, it is important that MMDA off (ro-ro) ferry
has a long term solution in managing the services,
transit of the people in the metro. And a which are The roll-on-roll-off (ro-ro) ferry
complete, centralized urban traffic aimed at services in the Philippines
management, which includes centralized providing an
stoplight system and CCTV system, was alternative to traditional long-distance
implemented as the mobility solution for inter-island shipping services. The ro-ro
Metro Manila. The above-mentioned system allows vehicles to drive onto and off
technology improved the urban traffic ro-ro ferries without loading or unloading
control and management, improved of cargo. This transport system can reduce
stoplight status data available in real time, the sea transport costs because this
improved data on traffic-related incidents, eliminates cargo-handling labor and
equipment, and reduces the amount of
time cargo is required to be in port.

In 2018, the Civil Aviation Authority of the

Philippines (CAAP) started to use the new
communications, navigation, surveillance/
air traffic management systems (CNS/ATM)
that brings air traffic and navigation levels
on a par with the international standards.
With this CNS/ATM systems, the air travel is
Traffic Management System in the Philippines more definite, aircraft identification is more

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established, and safety and security of

passengers are guaranteed. Moreover, the
systems also bring a better air traffic flow
and space management that optimizes
airport capacity and efficient use of
airspace, which eventually, minimizes
delays by helping aircraft operators meet
their departure and arrival schedule. In
other words, CNS/ATM technology
enhances safety, reliability and efficiency of
Air Transportation in the Philippines
air traffic service in the Philippines.

So, with the above-mentioned place in order to reduce the chances of

technological advancements in traffic community transmission of Covid19. In
management and transportation, the some ways, it helped to slow down the rate
movement of people and goods from one of transmission of the virus but the
place to another is considerably fast. Philippine industry and economy were
However, in today’s situation, most of us greatly affected by this action of the
find some difficulties in going to our government. Anyway, let’s be hopeful that
destination [especially those in the work everything will go back to the old normal
force] because of a limited means of soon; meanwhile, let’s keep ourselves safe
transportation. Recently, our government and healthy by following the health
tried to control the number of land, air and protocol imposed by the Department of
sea transportation in bringing people to a Health.

3. Agricultural research is producing safer, healthier, and tastier food products.

During the ancient civilization, humans

overcame hunger and diseases not only by
harvesting food from the cultivated land
but also by processing it with sophisticated
methods. Like for example, in the Ancient
Greece, their bread, olive oil and wine were
processed and transformed from
perishable, unpalatable, or hardly edible
raw materials into safe, flavorful, nutritious,
stable and enjoyable foods.
A baker prepares bread at Panaderia Pantoja-
Philippine Bakeshop & Bread Supplier
Today, our production-to-consumption
food system is complex, however, our food agricultural harvesting, holding and storing
is largely safe, tasty, abundant, nutritious, of raw materials, food manufacturing
diverse, convenient and cheaper and more (formulation, food processing and
readily available and accessible than packaging), transportation and distribution,
before. Our food system includes retailing, food service, and food
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preparation in the home. Food science and also often improves the quality of life for
technology contributed greatly to the individuals with specific health conditions,
success of modern food system in offering modified foods to meet their
resolving nutritional deficiencies and needs; for example, sugar-free foods
enhancing food safety. sweetened with an alternative sweetener
for people with diabetes.
The modern food manufacturing enable to
maintain and improve the food quality and
enhance the food safety. Also, the sensitive
nutrients can be preserved, important
vitamins and minerals can be added while
toxins and ani-nutrients can be removed,
and foods can be designed to optimize
health and reduce the risk of disease.
Moreover, the waste and product loss can
be reduced, and distribution around the
world can be facilitated to allow seasonal
Artificial sweetener is a good alternative in place of
availability of plenty of foods. It should also
sugar to limit sugar intake
be noted that modern food manufacturing

4. Automobile research is providing safer, cleaner, energy efficient, and more intelligent
vehicles.

Human mobility was revolutionized by the looking forward for additional advances in
the arrival of automobiles. Because of transportation, not only because we want to
increase in the number of automobiles, the go in places that we dreamt of, but also to
roads and streets were expanded so that reduce greenhouse gases, improve air
intercity travel can be accommodated. The quality, and support economic
advancement in technology tremendously development.
improved the power, performance and
travel range of vehicles to the level that
they reshaped the city sprawl and the way
people live today.

Over the years, vehicles have transformed

to become advance technological
machines that extend mobility to leisure,
comfort, luxury, sports, and, for some, an
extension, expression of their image and Biofuel benefits the environment because it burns more
cleanly and reduces the amount of carbon dioxide
personality, and status symbol as well.
(greenhouse gas emissions) produced by your car.
Some of us are already driving hybrid
vehicles or commuting in buses powered
by hydrogen or biofuels. We are still

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5. Information and telecommunications technologies have enabled instantaneous

communications around the globe.

Before the emergence of the Internet and TWITTER, and LINKEDIN which allows us to
other data networks, the telephone (and communicate and stay connected with
earlier the telegraph) was an application of family and friends across the globe
technology that allowed people to regularly. All these sites have helped to
communicate at a distance by voice (and narrow the physical distances between us.
earlier by encoded electronic signals), and Social Networking provides facilities such
telephone service was provided by the as faster communication speed, effective
public switched telephone network. But sharing of information, paperless
today, there are other communication tools environment, etc.
that can be used to communicate with
other people; these tools include email, We can communicate each other without
cellphones, smartphones, computers, video boundaries. It becomes quicker because
and web conferencing tools, social we can send an instant message in a
networking, as well as online collaboration fraction of time with the low cost which
and productivity platforms. saves costs and man power for delivery.
And by the use of video conferencing
In today's interrelated world, information technique, we can get feel to
and communication technology (ICT) is communicate with someone face to face
extensively used by our country and it which is benefit for meeting or
affects our lives everyday. Recently, many communicate together.
ICT gadgets are used in our life and
facilitate with mobility, thus, used anywhere
and anytime. These gadgets operate for
information, speed, and communication
and reduce the physical and mental human
work load. By that principles, modern day
gadgets truly helped mankind in daily life.
ICT has contributed a lot to change our
everyday life such as letter to e-mail, market
shopping to on-line shopping, classroom
learning to e-learning, etc. We can carry out
net banking, read newspapers online,
watch TV programs, and connects Information and communication technology is an
ourselves to our family, friends, or relatives ‘umbrella’ term that includes any communication
while we are at long distance by using the device such as television, digital media, smart phones,
iPads, smart board, etc. ICT also includes the
e-mail, messenger, call-conference, or
hardware & software used to operate the technology.
video-conference.

Moreover, there are many available social

networking sites like FACEBOOK, VIBER,
-END OF THE LESSON-

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SELF ASSESSMENT TEST: The result of this test will reveal how
much you understand the lesson and will be recorded as part of
your seat work. For each question there are four possible answers
A, B, C and D. Choose the one you consider correct and send your
answers text/private messaging or via e-mail. Say aloud your
promise of honesty (below) before taking the quiz.

In taking this quiz, I (your name) understand that I may not work
with anyone else, including conferring with others (student, or
anyone else); exchanging information, answer or ideas; or in
aiding or being aided by others in the completion of this test. I
understand that failure to follow this rules is considered cheating,
and may subject me to a significant reduction in my grade at the
discretion of the professor. I certify that I have personally prepared
the answers to this test in accordance with the above stated rules.

1. Technology must______ the needs of people, society, and the environment. (A) fit (B)
define (C) influence (D) be effective to

2. In the past, an invention or innovation was often developed without ________knowledge.

(A) special (B) specific (C) scientific (D) slow-moving

3. Which one of the following is most likely a desire and not a need for the home?
(A) refrigerator (B) automatic dish washer C) telephone (D) washing machine

4. Which of the following is a way that science has benefited society? (A) More fuel-efficient
vehicles (B) Traveling farther and more easily (C) Healthier, longer lives (D) All of these

5. Which one of the following is an example of science and not technology? (A) invention of
the light bulb. (B) making toothpaste that cleans teeth better. (C) measuring daily
temperature variations. (D) making cars more fuel efficient

6. Which of the following statements is correct? (A) Technology can be beneficial or

detrimental to human society. (B) Technology impacts society in ways we cannot predict.
(C) Human society has always been shaped by advances in technology. (D) An innovation
is a method of taking a product apart for re-sale.

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7. Which of the following statements about technology is incorrect? (A) Technology has
influenced world history. (B) Technology has a major impact in the society. (C) The design
and construction of modern structures has evolved from prior technologies and
techniques. (D) People who live in different parts of the world have the same
technological choices.

8. Does science lead to technology, or technology lead to science? (A) Science leads to
technology, because technology is the application of science. (B)Technology leads to
science, because it allows us to learn more about the world. (C) Science leads to
technology, and technology leads to science. The two are interconnected. (D) Science
neither leads to technology, nor does technology lead to science.

9. Which of the following best describes the interaction of science and society? (A) Science
and society do not interact. (B) Society can drive scientific research by providing support
and funding opportunities for projects that are considered important by decision makers.
Science can affect society by providing new technologies and advancements to meet the
needs of society. (C) Science impacts society by providing solutions to society’s needs, but
society has no impact on science. (D) Society impacts science by providing support and
funding for important projects, but science does not impact society.

10. Which of the following statements about the impact of science and technology to society
is INCORRECT (A) Machines have led to employment. (B) Science has brought about
ground breaking solutions to numerous deadly diseases. (C) science has put in our hands
such fiendish weapons as the nuclear bomb, the guided missile and means of chemical
and biological warfare. (D) In transportation, railway, modern ocean liner, jet plane, and
motor vehicle have made our lives more comfortable and provided great possibilities for
modern commercial development and industrialization.

Just a reminder; self-education is must if you want to excel in life. Any new assignment
requires new skills due to continuous advancements happening around us. You can’t
always have a teacher to spoon feed; therefore, you need to understand the importance of
self-education.

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