Examination Paper For: TPG 4145 Reservoir Fluids

Department of Petroleum Engineering and Applied Geophysics
Examination paper for TPG 4145 Reservoir Fluids
Academic contact during examination: Curtis Hays Whitson

Phone: 9132 9691
Examination date: Monday Dec. 1, 2014

Examination time (from-to): 09-13
Permitted examination support material: C: Specified printed and hand-written
support material is allowed. A specific basic calculator is allowed.
Other information:
Language: English
Number of pages: 4
Number of pages enclosed: 0
Checked by:
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Date Signature
Page 1 of 4
Problem 1. PVT & Material Balance
Consider the gas condensate reservoir with PVT properties given in Table 1.
1. Use Standing-Katz Z-factor chart to estimate the initial reservoir gas Z-factor.
2. Calculate initial solution oil-gas ratio (rs) using approximate surface process given in
Table 1.
3. Calculate initial inverse dry gas FVF (bgd=1/Bgd) in scf/ft3.
4. Calculate initial surface gas in place, IGIP.
5. Calculate initial surface oil (condensate) in place, IOIP.
6. Calculate the percentage of the initial total monetary value in place from surface oil
using an oil price of USD 85/STB and gas price of USD 4/Mscf.
7. Assuming a gas material balance with zero water and pore compressibilities, calculate
the recovery factor of surface gas and surface oil when average reservoir pressure
reaches the dewpoint.
8. Assuming a gas material balance with total associated water volume ratio M=3.3,
Swi=0.35, cf=6.5(10-6) 1/psi, and cw=3.5(10-6) 1/psi, calculate the recovery factor of
surface gas and surface oil when average reservoir pressure reaches the dewpoint.
9. Does the percentage of the total monetary value produced from surface oil (from
initial- to dewpoint pressure) in (8) above differ from the value calculated in (6)?
10. Of the components in Table 1, which component’s equilibrium K-value (Ki=yi/xi) has
the greatest impact on dewpoint pressure calculation, and why?
Problem 2. Fluid flow Calculations
A gas well (Well “C” in the Fetkovich paper “Multipoint Testing of Gas Wells” is tested with
results of A=1 psi2/(Mscf/D) and B=27(10-6) psi2/(Mscf/D)2, based on the low-pressure
reservoir rate equation Aqg+Bqg2=(pR2-pwf2), determined by a plot of (pR2-pwf2)/qg versus qg.
Page 2 of 4
The test A value represents an infinite-acting “transient” 1-hour test corresponding to pD(t=1hr)
=½[(ln tD1-hr+0.809)=7.5. The pseudosteady state value for A would be higher because the
term ln(0.472re/rw) (which replaces pD) is closer to a value of 10 for the assumed wide well
spacing. Therefore, a pseudosteady state Apss=1(10/7.5)=1.33 should be used in all
engineering calculations (if the well had no skin during test). Because the well had a positive
skin during the test, the corrected Apss=Atest[ln(0.472re/rw)+sdevelopment]/[pD(ttest)+stest].
A geometric (partial penetration) skin factor during the test is assessed to be +22. Initial
reservoir pressure is 1370 psia.
The test flowing surface tubing pressure pt=744 psia during the 52 500 Mscf/D flow period.
The static gas gradient term exp(S/2)=1.08 is used to convert bottomhole to surface pressures:
e.g. pc=pR/exp(S/2) and pw=pwf/exp(S/2). Test tubing size was 4-inch inner diameter.
Development plans rely on the following assumptions:

a. Geometric skin is removed by completing the well throughout the pay zone, so
sdevelopment=0 (instead of stest=+22).
b. Tubing inner diameter size is 6.5 inches (instead of 4 inches).
c. Reservoir B does not change with well recompletion.
1. Calculate the flowing bottomhole pressure pwf for the test rate of 52 500 Mscf/D.
2. Calculate the tubing performance equation constant Bt for the test well:
Btqg2=(pw2-pt2). This constant (Bt4) is for 4-inch inner diameter tubing.
3. Calculate the Bt constant for 6.5-inch inner diameter tubing using the relation
Bt6.5=Bt4[(4/6.5)2.612]2. Explain this relationship based on Fetkovich’s paper.
4. Calculate the wellhead backpressure constants Awh and Bwh that can be used through
the entire life of the well: Awhqg+Bwhqg2=(pc2-pt2). Note, Bwh is based of the “non-
Darcy” reservoir flow term (B) and the tubing pressure drop term Bt.
5. Abandonment is defined as a well rate of 10 000 Mscf/D with flowing tubing pressure
of 10 psia (minimum compressor intake pressure). Determine the average reservoir
pressure at abandonment, and approximate gas recovery factor.
Page 3 of 4
Initial reservoir pressure: 12,000 psia.
HCPV: 1011 ft3.
Surface process approximation: C5- = surface gas | C6+ = surface oil.
Page 4 of 4

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Department of Petroleum Engineering and Applied Geophysics

Examination paper for TPG 4145 Reservoir Fluids

Academic contact during examination: Curtis Hays Whitson

Examination date: Monday Dec. 1, 2014

3. Calculate initial inverse dry gas FVF (bgd=1/Bgd) in scf/ft3.

4. Calculate initial surface gas in place, IGIP.

5. Calculate initial surface oil (condensate) in place, IOIP.

Problem 2. Fluid flow Calculations

Development plans rely on the following assumptions:

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