Measurement Task (4) (D2)

[TYPE THE COMPANY NAME]
Mohamed Ahmed Hassan

(Task 4)
(D2)
Eng : Alaa Hamada
-1-
) Task 4( )D2(
In a technical report, analyze the calibration requirements of comparators and measuring

: equipment, to explain following
: a) Accuracy ratio between calibrated instrument and calibration equipment
Why calibration is important?

The accuracy of all measuring devices degrade over time. This is typically caused by normal
wear and tear. However, changes in accuracy can also be caused by electric or mechanical
shock or a hazardous manufacturing environment (e.x., oils, metal chips etc.). Depending on
the type of instrument and the environment in which it is being used, it may degrade very
quickly or over a long period of time. The bottom line is that calibration improves the
accuracy of the measuring device. Accurate measuring devices improve product quality.
When should you calibrate your measuring device?

A measuring device should be calibrated:
 According to the recommendation of the manufacturer.

 After any mechanical or electrical shock.
 Periodically (annually, quarterly, monthly)
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: b) Type of environment required for accurate calibration
The control of those environmental conditions in calibration laboratories is always a tradeoff between the
dimensional and electronic equipment calibrations and the level of calibration accuracy required and should be
adequate for the calibrations being performed in them.
Calibration laboratories can work outside of the stated environmental conditions, however, they must compensate
for the temperature coefficients and other environmental contributors to correct their measurement results and
uncertainty values which is extremely time-consuming. Staying within the environmental requirements of the
laboratory and equipment saves a lot of work.
- Temperature
Temperature is the most common controlled and measured variable in a calibration laboratory. Dimensional
measurements are especially affected by temperature variations. Temperature fluctuations for electrical
measurements are somewhat forgiving, however strict temperature ranges need to be maintained to perform
measurements within the reported uncertainties.
All dimensional measurements are referenced to 68°F (20°C). Electrical measurements typically are referenced to
73°F (23°C). Most electrical specifications have a wider temperature range than dimensional specifications, so
calibration laboratories that perform calibrations in both disciplines should center their laboratory temperature as
close as possible to 68°F. Temperature specifications of ±4°F (±2°C) are standard for most calibration laboratories.
In most cases, dimensional measurements that require a high level of accuracy are performed in a dedicated ‘68°’
room. Standard cells and standard resistors that require stable temperature environments to obtain their precise
accuracies are usually maintained in oil or air baths so that the temperature variations in the laboratory do not affect
the performance of the items.
- Temperature Stability
The stability of the temperature during the time it takes to make a measurement is an important aspect for calibration
laboratories, and limits should be established and maintained.
- Relative Humidity
Relative Humidity greater than 60% can lead to rust or corrosion effects in certain instruments such as Gage Blocks,
where below 20%, electrostatic discharge issues can cause problems with electrical measurements or the handling of
sensitive electrical components. Most calibration laboratories should maintain a Relative Humidity Environment of
between 30% to 50% Relative Humidity to achieve the best balance.
- Vibration
Vibrations that are present in the laboratory should not compromise the validity of the measurement results or affect
the life of standards and associated equipment. Specific standards such as analytical balances and surface plates
should be isolated from vibration as much as possible by using isolated pads or special vibration tables. Those items
should also be located away from laboratory foot traffic.
-3-
- Barometric Pressure
The barometric pressure can influence some mass and force measurements. Weather fluctuations make it difficult to
control the barometric pressure in a laboratory environment. Accurate barometric pressure measurements are
required to apply any necessary corrections to the measurement results.
- Electromagnetic Interference
Some electronic measurement equipment, especially used for RF and high resistance measurements, are susceptible
to interference from electrical and magnetic fields. Sufficient shielding precautions, use of proper cables and
filtering should be observed to keep the interference to a level that will not impact the measurement results.
- Air Cleanliness and Airflow
A positive air-pressure differential between the inside of the laboratory and the outside areas is an important factor
to reduce the influx of dust into the calibration laboratory. Air cleanliness limits can be critical for some calibration
laboratories, especially within the medical field. Tack mats located within the entryway can also assist in reducing
particles entering the laboratory.
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: c) Different types of materials for calibration equipment
- Introduction
Quality analytical work can only be performed if all materials used are suitable for the job, properly
organized and well cared for. This means that the tools are adequate and in good condition, and that
sample material receives attention with respect to proper handling, storing and disposal.
: The tools used for analysis may be subdivided into four categories **
Primary measuring equipment (pipettes, diluters, burettes, balances, thermometers, flow meters, etc.) 1
.Analytical apparatus or instrument .2
Miscellaneous equipment and materials (ovens, furnaces, fridges, stills, glassware, etc.) .3
.Reagents .4
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- Apparatus
1. Registration
2. Operation
- Registration
1. Instrument Identification List

2. Instrument Maintenance List. Instrument Calibration List
- Instrument Identification List
For proper management a complete list of all available apparatus is indispensable. This Instrument
Identification List should contain all information relevant for ensuring reliable and continuous functioning
of the apparatus. A model page for such an instrument list is given as Model APP 003.
Such a record should, in addition to the description and registration/identification number, contain
information about the supplier (to contact in case of inspection, repair or replacement), the date the
apparatus was installed, and the person to whom the responsibility for the instrument was assigned. This
list can be compiled by any laboratory staff member on behalf of the head of laboratory. A copy can be
issued to all laboratory staff (as well as the Quality Assurance Officer if applicable) or the list is deposited
in a central place accessible to all staff. The latter option allows a card-box system (physical and/or on
computer) .
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- Generally speaking there are two types of Calibration procedure. These are most
commonly known as :
- 'Traceable Calibration Certificate'.
- 'UKAS Calibration certificate'.
: d) Different grade and accuracy of slip gauges
-6-
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[TYPE THE COMPANY NAME]

Mohamed Ahmed Hassan

In a technical report, analyze the calibration requirements of comparators and measuring

: a) Accuracy ratio between calibrated instrument and calibration equipment

Why calibration is important?

When should you calibrate your measuring device?

 According to the recommendation of the manufacturer.

- Air Cleanliness and Airflow

.Analytical apparatus or instrument .2

1. Instrument Identification List

- Instrument Identification List

: d) Different grade and accuracy of slip gauges

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