Speech Sounds Factsheet EYFS
Speech Sounds Factsheet EYFS
Speech Sounds Factsheet EYFS
Factsheet
Speech
Sounds
How does my child learn different sounds?
Children learn sounds by listening to people speaking around them. They have been tuning into
the sounds around them since before they were born and they carry on developing their ability to
tune into environmental sounds and speech sounds. Babies begin by playing with sounds first of
all, then babble. This babble develops into longer strings using a wider range of sounds.
At what ages do children learn different sounds?
As children are learning to talk, their sound system develops gradually. This means that they
cannot say all their sounds straight away, as some are later to develop than others. As a general
guide, the table below shows the ages sounds develop by (this guideline is for children who speak
English as their home language).
Approximate age Usually children will:
18‐24 months Use a limited number of sounds in their words –
often these are p, b, t, d, m and w. Children will
also often miss the ends off words at this stage.
They can usually be understood about half of the
time.
2‐3 years Use a wider range of speech sounds. However,
many children will shorten longer words, such as
saying ‘nana’ instead of ‘banana’. They may also
have difficulty where lots of sounds happen
together in a word, e.g. they may say ‘pider’
instead of 'spider.'
They often have problems saying more difficult
sounds like ‘sh’, ‘ch’, ‘th’ and ‘r.’ However, people
that know them can mostly understand them.
3‐4 years Have difficulties with a small number of sounds –
for example ‘r’, ‘w’, ‘l’, ‘f’, ‘th’, ‘sh’, ‘ch’ and ‘z’.
4‐5 years Use most sounds effectively. However, they may
have some difficulties with more difficult words
such as 'scribble' or 'elephant'.
If you are finding your child hard to understand or are worried about their pronunciation, try to
see if there are any particular sounds they find hard. Are these at the beginning, end or in the
middle of words? You can also call us at I CAN Help (0207 843 2544) or email help@ican.org.uk to
talk about your concerns.
Your child's phonological awareness may also affect their ability to say sounds. Phonological
awareness involves knowing how words work – it is things like being able to hear the differences
between sounds in words. For example, being able to tell the difference between 'bee' and 'sea' or
'key' and 'tea' when they hear the words; being able to hear when words rhyme; recognising the
first sound of a word (e.g. cat begins with 'c') and knowing the sounds that make up words (e.g. cat
is made up of c‐a‐t).
Is there another reason why my child is so difficult to understand? Other children of
his age are much clearer.
Sometimes children can struggle to master the sounds we expect from them at the right age i.e.
this part of their development is a little delayed. This means they can sound like a child younger
than them, or their speech can be unclear. Often children will catch up with a little support or
practice, but sometimes their difficulties can be longer lasting.
What can I do if I'm worried about my child's talking?
In most local authorities, parents/carers can refer their child to a speech and language therapist.
You can find out how to do that on the Talking Point website (www.talkingpoint.org.uk). Speech
• Singing nursery rhymes
• Making up silly rhymes e.g. 'the cat has a hat'
• clapping out syllables e.g. 'di‐no‐saur'
You can also try the following tips to help them:
• Try not to distort the sound or word by over‐emphasising it. It is better to draw the sound or
word to the child’s attention by saying it repeatedly e.g.' that was a good kick, a really good
kick’.
• Model tricky sounds back to them. So if they substitute 'k' for 't' and they say 'tat' you model
back 'yes, it's a cat' without any pressure for them to repeat it back for you.
• Play games like 'I spy' focusing on words that begin with the sounds they are having difficulty
with. Make sure you also include the sound they are substituting the correct one with – for
example, if a child substitutes ‘f’ with ‘p’, play the game focusing on ‘f’ and ‘p’ words. The aim
behind this is to draw their attention to the differences between the sounds. It will also let you
know that they are hearing the difference.
• Make up some 'silly sound books' including pictures that begin with the sounds they are having
difficulty with. This draws on the same idea that we are raising their awareness of the
differences between the sounds without asking them to make the sounds, as they find this
tricky.
• Model making tricky sounds in front of a mirror. Can they copy you? Make it fun and avoid
drawing to much attention to this if a child is very aware of their difficulty. You could also talk
about how you are making the sounds e.g. ‘I’m putting my tongue up at the back of my mouth’
(for ‘k’).
My child has seen a speech and language therapist and they have said that they are
finding certain sounds hard - what can I do to help them at home?
Your speech and language therapist may have given you some activities to do at home. You should
try to do these on a daily basis for 5‐10 mins and follow the programme through, as doing
something every day will help your child more than doing it for a long time once a week.
Useful websites:
www.talkingpoint.org.uk
http://speech‐language‐therapy.com/
www.blacksheeppress.co.uk
www.afasic.org.uk