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    Lesson 3 Carbohydrates Naming Carbohydrates

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    Catherine Sinen Obinque
    I. Carbohydrates are named according to their: - Functional group (e.g. aldose, ketose) - Number of carbon atoms - Configuration of hydroxyl groups - Ring structure (furanose, pyranose) and hydroxyl position II. Examples include D-glucose (6-carbon aldose that forms a pyranose ring) and L-xylose (5-carbon aldose that forms a furanose ring). III. The document provides steps to name unknown carbohydrates based on identifying functional groups, carbon number, hydroxyl group configuration, ring structure, and hydroxyl position.

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    Lesson 3 Carbohydrates Naming Carbohydrates

    Uploaded by

    Catherine Sinen Obinque
    18 views6 pages
    I. Carbohydrates are named according to their: - Functional group (e.g. aldose, ketose) - Number of carbon atoms - Configuration of hydroxyl groups - Ring structure (furanose, pyranose) and hydroxyl position II. Examples include D-glucose (6-carbon aldose that forms a pyranose ring) and L-xylose (5-carbon aldose that forms a furanose ring). III. The document provides steps to name unknown carbohydrates based on identifying functional groups, carbon number, hydroxyl group configuration, ring structure, and hydroxyl position.

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    I. Carbohydrates are named according to their: - Functional group (e.g. aldose, ketose) - Number of carbon atoms - Configuration of hydroxyl groups - Ring structure (furanose, pyranose) and hydroxyl position II. Examples include D-glucose (6-carbon aldose that forms a pyranose ring) and L-xylose (5-carbon aldose that forms a furanose ring). III. The document provides steps to name unknown carbohydrates based on identifying functional groups, carbon number, hydroxyl group configuration, ring structure, and hydroxyl position.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    18 views6 pages

    Lesson 3 Carbohydrates Naming Carbohydrates

    Uploaded by

    Catherine Sinen Obinque
    I. Carbohydrates are named according to their: - Functional group (e.g. aldose, ketose) - Number of carbon atoms - Configuration of hydroxyl groups - Ring structure (furanose, pyranose) and hydroxyl position II. Examples include D-glucose (6-carbon aldose that forms a pyranose ring) and L-xylose (5-carbon aldose that forms a furanose ring). III. The document provides steps to name unknown carbohydrates based on identifying functional groups, carbon number, hydroxyl group configuration, ring structure, and hydroxyl position.

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    Naming of Carbohydrates

    I. According to the functional group found in the chain structure


    Functional Group Example Structure Name
    Aldehyde aldose

    Ketone ketose

    II. According to the number of C atoms found in the chain structure


    Number of C atoms Example Structure Name
    3 triose

    4 tetrose

    5 pentose

    6 hexose

    7 heptose
    III. According to the position of the OH farthest from C1 in the chain
    structure
    Position of the OH Example Structure Name
    The OH farthest from C1 L-sugar
    or the OH found in the
    bottom of the chain
    structure (highlighted
    yellow) is at the left
    side.
    The OH farthest from C1 D-sugar
    or the OH found in the
    bottom of the chain
    structure (highlighted
    yellow) is at the right
    side.

    IV. According to the ring formed from the chain structure


    Ring Structure Example Structure Name
    5-member ring with Furanose
    four carbon atoms
    and one oxygen
    (furan)

    6-member ring with Pyranose


    five carbon atoms
    and one oxygen
    (pyran)

    V. According to the position of the OH in C1 of the ring structure


    Position of the OH Example Structure Name
    The hydroxyl or OH alpha (α)
    group of the first
    carbon projects
    below the plane of
    the ring

    The attached C6
    group is opposite to
    the attached OH
    group of C1(C6
    group is upward
    while OH group of
    C1 is downward)
    The hydroxyl or OH beta (β)
    group of the first
    carbon projects
    above the plane of
    the ring

    The attached C6
    group is on the
    same side to the
    attached OH group
    of C1(C6 group is
    upward and OH
    group of C1 is also
    upward)

    List of Some Carbohydrates


    Carbohydrate Number of Attached Chain Structure
    Carbon atom Functional (D-sugar
    (chain structure) Group configuration)
    Glyceraldehyde 3 Aldehyde

    Erythrose 4 Aldehyde

    Threose 4 Aldehyde

    Ribose 5 Aldehyde

    Arabinose 5 Aldehyde

    Xylose 5 Aldehyde

    Lyxose 5 Aldehyde
    Allose 6 Aldehyde

    Altrose 6 Aldehyde

    Glucose 6 Aldehyde

    Mannose 6 Aldehyde

    Gulose 6 Aldehyde

    Idose 6 Aldehyde

    Galactose 6 Aldehyde

    Talose 6 Aldehyde

    Dihydroxyacetone 3 Ketone

    Erythrulose 4 Ketone

    Ribulose 5 Ketone
    Xylulose 5 Ketone

    Psicose 6 Ketone

    Fructose 6 Ketone

    Sorbose 6 Ketone

    Tagatose 6 Ketone

    Example of Naming Carbohydrates

    1. There are 5 C atoms in the chain structure, and an aldehyde


    functional group is attached to it. Thus, it is an aldopentose.

    There are four aldopentoses, which are ribose, arabinose,


    xylose, and lyxose. We identify which of these four
    aldopentoses matches the given chain structure. If we
    examine the structure of ribose, the OH attached in C2, C3,
    and C4 are positioned in one side (also, the H are positioned
    on one side). For arabinose, on one side of the chain (let us
    consider the right side) C2 has H, while C3 and C4 have OH. Notice that the
    attached H and OH of C2 is positioned differently from the attached H and
    OH of C3 and C4. For xylose, on one side of the chain (let us again consider
    the right side), C2 has OH, C3 has H, and C4 has OH. Notice that the
    attached H and OH of C3 is positioned differently from the attached H and
    OH of C2 and C4. And for lyxose, in one side of the chain (again, considering
    the right side) C2 and C3 have H, while C4 has OH. Notice that the attached
    H and OH of C4 is positioned differently from the attached H and OH of C2
    and C3. Now, we examine the given structure above, looking at the
    attached H and OH of the C2, C3, and C4. As seen in the given structure, the
    H and OH attached in C3 are positioned differently from those of C2 and C4.
    This is of the same pattern seen in the structure of xylose. Let us now
    examine the attached OH of the carbon atom farthest from C1, which is
    referring to C4. The OH is positioned on the left side of the structure, a
    characteristic of an L-sugar. Therefore, it is an L-Xylose, which is an
    aldopentose.

    2. D-Ribose forms a ring, as shown below.

    Counting the number of members in the ring, which is 5, then


    it is a furanose. Now, we examine the attached OH in C1 of the
    ring. The OH is positioned above the plane of the ring. Thus, is
    it a β-D-Ribofuranose.

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