User Guide

© 2015 Nanometrics Inc. All Rights Reserved.

The information in this document has been carefully reviewed and is believed to be reliable. Nanometrics Inc.
reserves the right to make changes at any time without notice to improve the reliability and function of the
product.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of
Nanometrics Inc.

Nanometrics Inc.
250 Herzberg Road
Kanata, ON K2K 2A1
Canada

Toll free: +1 855-792-6776 (within North America)

Tel +1 613-592-6776
Fax +1 613-592-5929
Email sales_mktg@nanometrics.ca
www.nanometrics.ca

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Contents

1.0 About the Centaur 9

1.1 Key Features 9

1.2 Applicable Models 10

1.3 About Data Storage 11

1.3.1 Primary Media 11

1.3.2 Secondary (or Removable) Media 11

1.3.3 Data Backup 12

1.4 Cables and Accessories 12

2.0 Installation Tasks 15

2.1 About SD Cards 15

2.1.1 Insert SD Card 15

2.1.2 Remove the SD Card 15

2.1.3 SD Card Full or Corrupt 16

2.2 Choose a Deployment Option 16

2.2.1 Stand-alone Deployment 17

2.2.2 Networked Deployment 17

2.2.3 Data Access Options 17

2.2.4 Use Cases: Deployment and Data Access 19

2.2.5 Perform the Initial Configuration 20

2.3 Develop a Grounding Plan 20

2.3.1 General Considerations 20

2.4 Connect and Ground the Centaur 21

2.5 GPS Antenna 22

2.6 Power 22

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2.7 Install the SOH sealing plug 22

3.0 Accessing the Web Interface 24

3.1 Direct Connection to the Web Interface 24

3.2 Network Connection to the Web Interface 24

3.3 Logging on to the Centaur Web Interface 25

3.3.1 Changing the admin password 25

3.3.2 Changing the Calibration Password 25

4.0 Configuring Your Centaur 27

4.1 Downloading/Uploading the Configuration 27

4.2 Install a License File 27

4.3 General Configuration Settings 28

4.4 Digitizer 29

4.4.1 Front End — Input Range [V] 29

4.4.2 Primary Channels 30

4.4.3 Secondary Channels 30

4.4.4 Bandpass Filter 31

4.4.5 Trigger Input Filters 32

4.4.6 Trigger Detectors 33

4.5 Sensor Library 36

4.5.1 Sensor Settings 36

4.5.2 Sensor Control Lines 37

4.6 Sensor SOH 37

4.7 Auto Mass Centring 38

4.7.1 Auto Mass Centring Settings 39

4.8 Communications 40

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4.8.1 Discovery 40

4.8.2 Ethernet 41

4.9 Data Streaming 42

4.9.1 NP UDP/HTTP Streaming 42

4.9.2 QSCD20 Streaming 46

4.9.3 Throttle 47

4.9.4 Fragmentation 47

4.10 Raw TCP Receiving 48

4.11 Channel Naming 49

4.12 Continuous Data Archive 51

4.13 Events 54

4.13.1 Events Data Archive 55

4.13.2 Trigger/Event Sharing 58

4.13.3 Data Products 59

4.13.4 Configure Email Notifications for Declared Events 60

4.14 State of Health (SOH) Settings 62

4.15 Seedlink Server 63

4.16 Power 65

4.17 Timing 66

5.0 Using the Web Interface 67

5.1 Monitor the Status and Health of Your Instrument 67

5.1.1 Events 67

5.1.2 Device 69

5.1.3 Storage 70

5.1.4 Data 72

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5.1.5 Time 73

5.1.6 Alerts 74

5.2 Monitor the LEDs 75

5.2.1 Overall Status LED 75

5.2.2 Link LED 76

5.2.3 Time LED 77

5.2.4 Media LED 78

5.2.5 Sensor LEDs 78

5.2.6 USB Eject LED 79

5.2.7 Media LED 80

5.3 Monitor Sensor Operation 80

5.3.1 Seismometer Mass Position SOH 80

5.3.2 External SOH Inputs 81

5.3.3 Control 81

5.3.4 Discovery 84

5.4 Event Detection and Declaration 84

5.4.1 View and Manage Events 85

5.4.2 Manually Declare Events 87

5.5 View Seismic Waveforms in Near Real Time 87

5.5.1 View Waveform Data 88

5.5.2 Calibrate Sensor 88

5.5.3 Calibration Signal File Format for the External Sensor 89

5.5.4 Upload Custom Calibration Signal File 90

5.6 Perform Maintenance Tasks 91

5.6.1 Upgrade Firmware 92

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5.6.2 Retrieve Data from the Internal Storage 93

5.6.3 Download Log Files 94

5.6.4 Download Archive Files 94

5.6.5 Download Channel Response Files 94

5.6.6 Removable Media 95

5.6.7 Perform Maintenance on the Internal Storage 95

5.6.8 Restart/Shut Down a Centaur 96

6.0 Application Program Interfaces (APIs) 98

6.1 Data Availability API 98

6.2 Web Service data download interface (FDSN-WS) 104

6.3 Nanometrics data retrieval API 104

6.4 State of Health API 108

6.5 Instrument response API 109

7.0 Reference Information 110

7.1 Technical Specifications 110

7.1.1 Sensor Inputs 110

7.1.2 Sensor Compatibility 111

7.1.3 Digitizer Performance 112

7.1.4 Calibration 115

7.1.5 External State-Of-Health (SOH) Inputs 115

7.1.6 Recording (Continuous) 116

7.1.7 Recording (Events) 116

7.1.8 Data Retrieval 117

7.1.9 Data Streaming 117

7.1.10 Timing 117

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7.1.11 Communications 118

7.1.12 Local User Interface 119

7.1.13 Connectors 119

7.1.14 Power 120

7.1.15 Power Usage 120

7.1.16 Physical Characteristics 121

7.2 SOH channels in Steim compressed formats 122

7.3 Wi-Fi Access to the Centaur 124

7.4 Connectors and Pinouts 125

7.4.1 Power Connector Receptacle and Pinout 126

7.4.2 Sensor Connector and Pinout 127

7.4.3 External SOH Input Pinout 129

7.4.4 Making the Ethernet Cable Connector Waterproof 130

7.5 Physical Features and Dimensions 133

7.5.1 Top View of the Centaur 133

7.5.2 Side View of the Centaur 135

7.5.3 View of the External Connectors 135

7.5.4 View of Open Media Bay 136

7.6 Free Software Information 137

7.6.1 Apache Licence Information 137

7.6.2 BSD Licence Information 140

7.6.3 Copyright Information for NPTD and SNTP Binaries 141

About Us 142

Contact Us 142

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1.0 About the Centaur

The Centaur digital recorder is a portable seismic acquisition system that consists of a high-
resolution 24-bit ADC, a precision GPS clock, and removable storage capabilities. Its ease of use
simplifies high performance seismic deployments in both remote and networked environments.

1.1 Key Features

o Intuitive Web interface accessible
via Wi-Fi or Ethernet connection
o Ultra-low noise floor for use with
high performance broadband seis-
mometers
o True 24-bit performance available
in 3 or 6 channel configurations
o Sample rates of up to 5000 sps to
support geothermal and/or passive
seismic
o Advanced bandpassed triggering
o External State-of-Health (SOH)
input (see applicable models below)
that allows you to digitize up to 3
arbitrary, external analog signals
for inputs such as temperature, baro-
metric pressure, and similar slow
moving signals
o Data retrieval via a removable SD 1™
card or local Ethernet in MiniSEED file format
o Event peak ground motion statistics: acceleration, velocity, and displacement
o Acquisition and data management of high precision GPS data (BINEX)
o Comprehensive real-time communications options include SeedLink support

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o Rugged field enclosure rated for continuous submersion

o Precision Time Protocol (PTP)*, which provides network-based timing to digital recorders
that are placed in areas where GPS signals are weak or inaccessible.

* Available if PTP is enabled in your firmware. Contact technical support for more
information.

1.2 Applicable Models

The Centaur User Guide and WebHelp apply to the following models:

Product Name Model Number Part Number Key Features

Centaur, 3 channel CTR2-3S-8 17954 o 3-channel differential

SOH inputs for seismic sensors
and/or geophones
o External SOH input

Centaur, 6 channel CTR2-6S-8 17955 o 6-channel differential

SOH inputs for seismic sensors
and/or geophones
(pictured above)
o External SOH input

Centaur, 3 channel CTR-3 17594 o 3-channel differential

inputs inputs for seismic
sensors and/or geo-
phones

Centaur, 6 channel CTR-6 17610 o 6-channel differential

inputs for seismic sensors
and/or geophones

All models listed above are available with SeedLink licensing pre-configured.
Alternatively, you can purchase a license that allows you to access SeedLink and other
licensed features after you acquire your Centaur.

Setup and operational instructions may vary by model.

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1.3 About Data Storage

Understanding how and where Centaur stores data will help you plan and implement effective data
access for your deployment.

1.3.1 Primary Media

Centaur continuously records seismic data, state-of-health (SOH) data, and configuration data in a
proprietary database called the Store. The Store wraps when it is full and records over the oldest
data. The frequency with which the Store wraps is shown in the Internal Storage section of the
Health Page.

The Store is located on an internal flash media device.

Data is recorded to the Store in Nanometrics Protocol (NP) format, but seismic data can be
streamed in SEEDLink and NP formats for networked deployments, and/or archived to removable
media in MiniSEED format. In addition, selected SOH channels are available in Steim compressed
formats. For networked deployments using continuous streaming, the Store is used to back fill any
data lost during transmission downstream.

Regardless of whether you deploy Centaur as a networked or standalone device, the internal
storage acts as your primary media. You can retrieve data from internal storage on the
Maintenance page.

1.3.2 Secondary (or Removable) Media

The most effective backup for your data is to use an SD card as your secondary (removable)
media, and configure continuous archiving. Use an SD card that is formatted as FAT32 or ext4.

The SD card serves two main functions:

1. Backup for the primary media for networked or standalone deployments.

2. Convenient data retrieval for standalone deployments.

When you enable continuous archiving, the Centaur continuously records data in MiniSEED format
to the SD card. You can also configure Centaur to archive events and SOH data to the SD card.

When the SD card is full, the Centaur continues recording data to its internal storage media, but
stops writing data to your SD card. Any configured streamers are unaffected when the SD card is

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full. You can monitor the amount of space that data archiving consumes on your SD card from the
Removable Media section of the Maintenance page.

For standalone deployments, swapping out removable media is a more convenient way of
harvesting data than downloading data from internal storage using a laptop and Ethernet cable.
Data retrieval via SD card swap or internal storage download is referred to as file transfer.

1.3.3 Data Backup

The Centaur reserves a small backup Store on the removable media (SD card), if one is present, or
in RAM if no SD card is available. The backup Store is used in the rare event that internal storage
fails. The backup Store does not grow over time, nor does the backup Store overwrite your data.

For networked deployments using continuous streaming, the backup Store can backfill a limited
amount of data lost during transmission.

As mentioned above, the most effective way to back up your data is to archive data continuously
to your SD card.

1.4 Cables and Accessories

Nanometrics offers optional equipment that can add convenience to the installation and use of
your Centaur. The table below describes a number of these options.

Name Part Number Description

Cable - Ethernet CAB0013 An Ethernet cable with RJ-45 connectors on both

ends.

Available in lengths from 1 m to 100 m.

Cable – Power 14983-3M An unshielded 22 AWG power cable.

14983-5M Available in lengths of 3 m, 5 m, 6 m, 8 m, and

10 m.
14983-6M

14983-8M

14983-10M

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Name Part Number Description

Cable - Centaur External 17949-3M Flexible cable that connects to Centaur models
SOH with Part Numbers 17954 and 17955. The cable
provides three inputs for equipment (± 5 V range)
with slow moving signals.

External SOH sealing plug CON1904 External SOH sealing plug (used to protect the
External SOH connector when not in use).

Shipped with Centaur.

Ethernet cable sealing CON0284 RJ-45 sealing plug (used to make the Ethernet
plug cable connector waterproof).

Shipped with Centaur.

GPS antenna cable LMR- 12785 LMR-400 very low loss RF coaxial cable.
400 low loss
Available in lengths up to 80 m.

GPS antenna cable RG- 12030 RG-223 low loss RF coaxial cable.

223 low loss
Available in lengths up to 25 m.

GPS bullet antenna 15699 A 3.3 V thread-mount GPS bullet antenna with a
TNC connector.

GPS patch antenna 15808 A 3.3 V GPS patch antenna with a 5 m cable.

Shipped with Centaur.

Power supply 17236 Power supply with mains to 24 VDC.

FOR INDOOR USE ONLY.

*SD Card 18023-xxGB Secure Digital Media Card, Industrial Multi-level

cell (MLC), pre-formatted with FAT32.

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Name Part Number Description

USB Wi-Fi Accessory Kit 17630 A kit containing a USB Wi-Fi dongle, O-ring, and
Media Bay dome cover to connect Centaur over
Wi-Fi

*See About SD cards.

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2.0 Installation Tasks

At a high level, we recommend that you perform the following tasks to install a Centaur:

1. Insert an SD card (optional).

2. Choose a deployment option.
3. Perform the initial configuration.
4. Develop a grounding plan.
5. Connect and ground the device.

Before leaving the installation site (post-installation)

o Monitor the LEDs and troubleshoot any errors that occur.

2.1 About SD Cards

Nanometrics tests with industrial-quality SD cards that have proven to be very reliable. SD cards
are available in 16 GB, 32 GB, and 64 GB capacities. If you prefer to supply your own SD cards,
please contact technical support for information about SD cards that have been qualified by
Nanometrics.

2.1.1 Insert SD Card

The Centaur can be configured to archive MiniSEED data, event data, and SOH data to an SD 1 card
formatted as FAT32 or ext4. The event data can be archived in multiple industry-standard formats.

Before data archiving can be enabled, an SD card (formatted as FAT32 or ext4) should be inserted
into the media slot on the Centaur. When properly inserted and ready for use, the Media LED will
blink green and the Media Eject LED behind the media door will be solid red for 10 minutes (it will
then turn off to save power).

2.1.2 Remove the SD Card

To safely remove the SD card, push and release the Media Eject button in the media bay. Wait for
the Media Eject LED to turn solid green, which indicates that it is safe to remove the card.

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To prevent data loss or corruption, the data cartridge and SD card should never be

physically removed while the SD status LED is blinking in any colour.

2.1.3 SD Card Full or Corrupt

The status of the SD card in use is indicated by the Media LED on the instrument, and on these Web
Interface pages:

o Health > Storage section

o Maintenance > Removable Media section

If your SD card is full or corrupt, the instrument continues recording data to its Store, but stops
writing data to your SD card. Any configured streamers are unaffected when the SD card is full or
corrupt.

SD Card Troubleshooting

o The most effective way to retrieve data directly from the Centaur's internal storage1 is by
downloading it from the Maintenance page to your computer.
o To ensure sufficient space on your SD card, you can remove older time series data from
your continuous archive. The safest method for transferring data from the SD card is to con-
nect it to your computer. Alternatively, you can use secure FTP and the client application
of your choice to manage your continuous archive files.
o Individual archive files can also be downloaded from the Download archive files link from
the Maintenance page.
o If your SD card is corrupt or damaged, you can try to repair it from the Maintenance page.
You may also re-format the card. Repair and re-formatting of SD cards is performed in the
Removable Media section of the Maintenance page.

2.2 Choose a Deployment Option

The Centaur can be deployed as a stand-alone device to record continuous data on removable
media for extended periods of time or as a network device that allows data downloads, data

1The device writes all of the data it receives to an internal storage. The internal storage works

like a ring buffer and it wraps around when it is full and records over the oldest data.

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streaming, and remote configuration changes while also recording data to the storage media.

Regardless of whether data is streamed and/or archived to secondary, removable media (SD card),
the Centaur continuously records data to internal storage. For more information, see About Data
Storage.

2.2.1 Stand-alone Deployment

In a stand-alone deployment, a Centaur is deployed as a “do-it-all” device. The recorded time

series data is written in NP format to the internal storage on a Linux ext4 formatted CF card.

A technician must visit the Centaur in the field to retrieve the data, which is done by replacing the
removable media with empty media or by downloading data from the internal storage.

2.2.2 Networked Deployment

In a networked deployment, a Centaur is deployed as part of a network and the recorded time
series data is written in NP format to the internal storage and then streamed over the network to a
data acquisition server, such as Apollo Server. As an additional backup, the Centaur can be
configured to continuously write the time series data in MiniSEED format to a FAT32 or ext4
formatted SD card.

The field technician does not typically visit the Centaur in the field after it has been installed, but
instead uses a Web browser to make any necessary configuration changes and receive the streamed
data.

2.2.3 Data Access Options

Typically, the data access method you choose is influenced by the remoteness and duration of the
deployment.

The Centaur can be deployed as a:

o Network device that allows data downloads, continuous streaming to a data acquisition
server (such as Apollo Server), and remote configuration changes.
o Stand-alone device to record continuous data on removable media for extended periods of
time (accessed later via file transfer or retrieving the SD card when a technician is visiting
the site).

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Regardless of whether data is streamed and/or archived to a secondary removable media (SD
card), the Centaur continuously records data to internal storage. For more information, see About
Data Storage.

Continuous Streaming

Continuous data streaming is usually the preferred data access method for longer term
deployments.

Continuous data streaming is enabled through the use of a cellular modem, Low Earth Orbit (LEO)
modem, or VSAT communication system, such as Nanometrics' Libra II VSAT System.

File Transfer

File transfer is more common for short-to-medium term deployments when streaming is not
possible or practical. You can remove the SD card from the media bay and swap in a new SD card
without causing any data gaps between the records on the two cards. Alternatively, you can
connect to the Centaur via Ethernet to download the data stored in its internal flash memory.

Data Formats

Each data access method provides specific data recording formats.

For a list of available data formats you can use for file transfer from SD card or internal storage,
see Recording (Continuous) and Recording (Events) in the specifications.

To view the data formats available for data streaming, see Data Streaming in the specifications.

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2.2.4 Use Cases: Deployment and Data Access

The table below illustrates the typical use cases for deployment and data access.

Deployment Continuous data Data access option

timeframe streaming
required?

Short-term Yes Streaming, using:

(Temporary) l Cellular or Low Earth Orbit (LEO) modem/*

VSAT

No File transfer:

l Removable media (SD card)

l Internal storage via Ethernet (retrieve unit and
bring to lab)

Medium-term Yes Streaming, using:

(Semi- l Cellular or LEO modem/VSAT

permanent)
No File transfer:

l Removable media (SD card)

Long-term ** Yes Streaming, using:

(Permanent) l Cellular or LEO modem/VSAT

l Wired internet

* VSAT is not commonly used for temporary installations, but there are temporary stations that use
VSAT.

** Streaming is normally required for permanent stations because file transfer is often impractical.

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2.2.5 Perform the Initial Configuration

Each Centaur comes factory configured with several default configuration settings. The factory
configuration addresses the most common use cases for the Centaur and means that most devices
will require minimal pre-installation configuration.

To check the configuration, you must connect the GPS cable, Ethernet cable, and power cable and
wait for the device to power up. Once started, you need to access the Web interface of the
Centaur to verify or change the configuration.

You should ensure the following settings are configured to your needs prior to deploying the device
in the field:

o Sample rate
o Sensor type
o Detector settings
o Ethernet settings
o Streamer settings (Networked deployment)

2.3 Develop a Grounding Plan

The power consumption of the Centaur varies with factors such as the GPS receiver duty cycle and
the activity of the Ethernet. Typical consumption is listed in the Power Usage section of the
technical specifications.

The most appropriate grounding plan will depend on your application and the installation
environment. Following is some general information you can take into account when planning
grounding for a Centaur installation.

2.3.1 General Considerations

o Power — The Centaur power connector has 3 pins to allow the Centaur to conform to the
site grounding system. You can connect the power return pin and ground, but combining
grounding and power return in the same conductor limits the site grounding options. The
recommended practice is to establish a single ground point for the station and ground
everything to that point, which minimizes the chances of ground loops and signal noise cre-
ated by the power system.

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o Peripheral power — The Centaur provides primary power to attached peripheral devices via
the Sensor connectors. This power is switched to allow devices to be controlled by the user
through the Centaur. The Centaur monitors for over-current conditions and will auto-
matically switch off power to a peripheral if excessive current or a short is detected. The
voltage provided to the Centaur is passed on to the attached peripherals. The current
demand of each attached peripheral and the consequent voltage drop through the Centaur
and peripheral cables should be taken into consideration when designing the power system
to ensure that sufficient voltage is supplied to each peripheral.

2.4 Connect and Ground the Centaur

You will need the following items to set up and configure your Centaur:

o Power supply and cable*

o Ethernet cable*
o GPS antenna and cable
o External SOH cable* if you want to record analog state-of-health (SOH) signals from other
sensors
o Seismometer cable
o Computer, tablet, or smartphone with one of the following browsers installed: Chrome, Fire-
fox or Safari

*Not included. See Cables and Accessories.

The External SOH cable is only applicable to Centaur models that have an external SOH
input.

Connect the cables and ground the Centaur

1. Connect the following cables to the Centaur:

o Seismometer cable
o Ethernet cable (if used)
o External SOH cable (if used)
o Power cable (apply power last)

You can make the Ethernet cable connector on the Centaur waterproof by
installing a sealing plug (shipped with the Centaur).

2. Ground the Centaur:

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i. Your Centaur ships with the grounding wire attached. If you must attach a new grounding
wire, strip one end of the grounding wire and crimp the grounding lug around the grounding
wire.
ii. Attach the grounding lug to the grounding hole using the M4x5 screw and the M4 washer.
See the Top View of the Centaur for the grounding hole locations.
iii. Connect the other end of the grounding wire to a grounding point at the site.

3. Apply power. When you connect the power cable to the power source, the Centaur will power
up immediately. It will take approximately 4 to 5 minutes for the device to completely start up.

If the device fails to power up, the power supply voltage might be below the configured
Power on threshold.

Next step: Log into the Web Interface.

2.5 GPS Antenna

The GPS antenna is on digital ground which has a single point connection to analog ground and
analog ground is connected to chassis ground. The GPS antenna does not have to be isolated from
ground. We recommend that it be independently earthed when using a long cable; otherwise, it
can rely on the Centaur for its safety ground to earth.

In configurations that have long GPS cables and lightning protection, an overall system design
approach must be taken which balances the grounding requirements with the protection
requirements. This approach requires an understanding of the Centaur grounding, the sensor
grounding, power supply grounding, and local site grounding.

2.6 Power
The Centaur power connector has 3 pins to allow the instrument to conform to the site grounding
system. You can connect the power return pin and ground but combining grounding and power
return in the same conductor limits the site grounding options. The recommended practice is to
establish a single ground point for the station and ground everything to that point, which
minimizes the chances of ground loops and signal noise created by the power system.

2.7 Install the SOH sealing plug

If you are not using the SOH input on the Centaur, it is recommended that you install the External
SOH sealing plug (part number CON1904) that ships with the Centaur. The sealing plug will protect

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the Centaur from dust and moisture.

1. With a 19 mm socket, loosen the jam nut from the SOH connector on the Centaur.

When removing the jam nut, be careful not to push or knock the connector into
the chassis. If the connector drops into the chassis, you will have to open the Cen-
taur cover to retrieve the connector.

2. Place the ring from the sealing plug over the connector.

3. Secure the jam nut over the ring sealing ring.

4. Close the sealing plug cap over the connector.

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3.0 Accessing the Web Interface

The Web Interface is where you can assess the status and health of your instrument, configure your
sensor, view the waveform, and perform maintenance tasks, such as backing up your configuration
settings and upgrading your firmware.

You can create a direct connection to your Centaur using a link-local IP address or you can create
a network connection to the device.

3.1 Direct Connection to the Web Interface

For a direct connection between your instrument and a computer (with Chrome, Firefox or Safari
installed), use the link-local IP address.

For Centaur, use the link-local IP address of 169.254.33.33 (3 channel model) or 169.254.35.35 (6
channel model) with a subnet mask of 255.255.0.0.

You can access the Centaur user interface over Wi-Fi using the optional USB Wi-Fi Accessory Kit
(Nanometrics part number 17630).

3.2 Network Connection to the Web Interface

1. Connect the Centaur to a DHCP-enabled network and allow it to automatically assign an IP
address to the device.
2. Use Apollo Discovery, a Nanometrics application, to search the LAN for Nanometrics instru-
ments and applications.

Contact Nanometrics Support at http://support.nanometrics.ca to get

Apollo Discovery.

Apollo Discovery must be run on the same subnet as the devices you want to
find.

3. Confirm that the serial number displayed on the Web interface matches your Centaur. If it
does not, then you are connected to a different Centaur in your network.

After connecting to the Centaur, either through the link-local address or via a DHCP-
enabled network, you can configure a static IP address for your deployment.

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3.3 Logging on to the Centaur Web Interface

When you first connect to the Web Interface, you are in view only mode. This mode allows you to
view information about your instrument such as the status and health of your instrument, the
connected sensors, events and waveforms. To edit the configuration, download firmware, and
perform maintenance tasks, you need to log on to your Web Interface.

1. From the upper right corner of the Web Interface, click Log On. The Log On dialog box will
be displayed.
2. Enter the default admin user account (user name: admin, password: admin).
3. Click the OK button. On the Web Interface, admin will display in place of Log On.

We recommend that you change your password after you have logged on for the first time.

3.3.1 Changing the admin password

1. From the upper right corner of the Web Interface, click on admin and select Change pass-
word from the list. The change password dialog box will be displayed.
2. Enter your User name, your Old password, and your New password.
3. Confirm your new password by entering it in the Confirm new password field.
4. Click the OK button. The dialog will close and your password will be set to the new pass-
word.

3.3.2 Changing the Calibration Password

The calibration user account and password allows you to upload a custom calibration file to the
instrument (see Upload Custom Calibration Signal File). To do this you will need to log in to the
instrument using an SSH1-based file transfer protocol such as SFTP2 or SCP3.

1. Log into the instrument using the terminal application of your choice and start an SSH ses-
sion. Use the IP address of the instrument as the host name and the default port number of
22.

1Secure Shell
2SSH File Transfer Protocol
3Secure Copy

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2. Log in to the instrument as root (username: root, password: dolphin18).

3. Run the following command:
o passwd calibration
4. Enter your new password. Paswords must be a minimum of 5 characters and a maximum of
8, and include a combination of upper and lower case letters and numbers.
5. Reenter your new password.
6. Close the SSH session.

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4.0 Configuring Your Centaur

You can change the configuration settings for the Centaur by logging on using the admin user
account, opening the Configuration menu, and selecting Configuration.

We recommend that you change your password after you have logged on for the first time.
See Changing the admin password.

Configuration menu icon

Reset, Apply, Commit

o Reset — Discard any unapplied changes and reload the current configuration
settings.
o Apply — Implement changes before they are committed. The device will
operate with the new settings but will discard them if it is restarted.
o Commit — Permanently save changes. The device will use these new con-
figuration settings each time it restarts until new settings are committed.

4.1 Downloading/Uploading the Configuration

You can download the current configuration of the Centaur and save it as a backup in case you
ever want to restore the settings of the Centaur to the current state or upload it to a different
Centaur. The downloaded configuration file is in RDF Turtle format.

If you do upload a configuration file, keep in mind that you might have to use Apollo Discovery to
find the new IP address assigned to the device if the Ethernet mode changes from Static IP or Link-
Local to DHCP.

Apollo Discovery is a Nanometrics command-line application that searches the LAN and returns the
model number, serial number, IP address, and other information about the Nanometrics devices
and applications that it finds.You can download Apollo Discovery from our support Web site:
http://support.nanometrics.ca.

4.2 Install a License File

A license is required to use some Centaur features, such as continuously streaming data in SeedLink
format. If your Centaur isn't pre-configured with a license, contact

sales_mkt@nanometrics.ca to purchase a license file.

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The license file is uploaded from the About page on the Web Interface.

From the upper right corner of the Web Interface, click the Configuration menu icon.

1. Click About.
2. Click the Upload link.
3. Click Choose File, browse to the license file location, and click Upload.
4. Click OK.

4.3 General Configuration Settings

Retrieval mark

The date and time the last data was retrieved by Apollo Project for a Field Archive project.

Apollo Project automatically stores this date in the Centaur after it retrieves data for a Field
Archive project and uses it as the starting point for a future data download. The Retrieval Mark
box is blank if Apollo Project has not been used to download data from a Centaur for a Field
Archive project.

You can delete the date if you want Apollo Project to download all of the data from the start of
the project the next time you run a Field Archive project. You can also change the date if you
only want data downloaded from a specific point in time.

This setting is only used by Apollo Project for Field Archive projects. If you do not use
Apollo Project or Field Archive projects, you can ignore this setting. For more information
on data retrieval and Field Archive projects, see the Apollo Project User Guide.

System log verbosity

The level of detail of the system log:

o Info – All errors, warnings, and minimal system status information

o Verbose – All error, warnings, and more detailed system status information
o Debug - All errors, warnings, and extensive system status information

You should only select Verbose or Debug as the logging level if you were instructed to do
so by Nanometrics Technical Support because it generates a large number of log messages
that can slow down the system and shorten the amount of time in the log files.

This setting only applies to Centaur models that have an external SOH input. See
applicable models.

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4.4 Digitizer
The Centaur Digitizer has three or six time series data channels that are constantly digitizing data.
The data from each of these channels is recorded and written to the internal storage.

You can capture data at two concurrent sample rates by enabling secondary output, and setting
different sample rates on your primary and secondary channels. For example, you may wish to
continually stream your data at a lower sample rate on primary channels and archive data to an SD
card at a higher sample rate on secondary channels.

You can also configure general settings for the Centaur Digitizer such as frames per packet on
primary and secondary channels, as well as front end, input filter, and detector configuration
settings.

The settings for Digitizer A are for Sensor A, channels 1 to 3. The settings for Digitizer B are for
Sensor B, channels 4 to 6.

Enable continuous data products

Select this option to enable the streaming of continuous data products, such as QSCD20 data (see
also QSCD20 Streaming), and to summarize triggered events.

4.4.1 Front End — Input Range [V]

The input voltage ranges represent the differential between the sensor positive and negative signal
inputs in volts peak-to-peak. The maximum input range is 40 volts peak-to-peak. This represents
the case of a differential input signal that at one peak has +10 V on the positive input and –10 V on
the negative input (20 V peak). At the other peak, the differential input is –20 V for a peak-to-
peak input range of 40 V. The input range to Digitizer sensitivity mappings are provided in the
Digitizer Performance section of the specifications.

o If you want to accurately measure full-scale sensor activity, the input range of the digital
recorder must be greater than the maximum output level of the sensor. However, if the
sensor has a very large dynamic range and the input range is set to a large value (to capture
full-scale movement), accuracy will be lost when measuring very weak seismic signals.
o If you want to accurately measure very weak seismic signals, the input range of the sensor
must be set to a small enough value to accurately digitize weak signals. If strong seismic
events occur that exceed the configured range, these signals will be clipped. Increased sens-
itivity (lower input ranges) also tend to increase overall data volume.

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4.4.2 Primary Channels

You can configure your sampling rate, enable DC removal, and set your frames per packet for your
primary data channels.

If you are using a six-channel Centaur, you will need to configure your primary channel settings
for both Digitizer A and Digitizer B.

Output type

Output type allows you to apply a Linear Phase filter to the digital signal processing and recording
on primary channels, which is the default selection, or to disable data recording altogether.

Primary sample rate [Hz]

The number of samples per second taken from the continuous analog sensor signal by the Centaur
to make a discrete-time signal. The default is 100 Hz (100 samples per second).

Primary frames per packet

The number of standard Steim data frames per packet for transmission and storage of the primary
time series data. Smaller packets reduce the streaming latency, but will greatly increase the
requirements for streaming throughput and data storage.

4.4.3 Secondary Channels

If you want to capture data at two concurrent sample rates, you must enable the Secondary output
type. You can also configure other settings for your secondary channels to reflect your data
retrieval needs.

If you are using a six-channel Centaur, you might want to configure secondary channel settings for
both Digitizer A and Digitizer B.

Secondary output type

By default, the Secondary output type is Disabled. To enable it, select Linear Phase.

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Secondary Sample rate [Hz]

The number of samples per second taken from the continuous analog sensor signal by the Centaur
to make a discrete-time signal. The default is 100 Hz (100 samples per second).

Secondary frames per packet

The number of standard Steim data frames per packet for transmission and storage of the primary
time series data. Smaller packets reduce the streaming latency, but will greatly increase the
requirements for streaming throughput and data storage.

4.4.4 Bandpass Filter

High pass order

The order of the high pass filter applied to output data. The sum of the high and low pass orders
must not exceed 5.

High pass frequency [Hz]

The 3 dB corner frequency of the high pass filter applied to output data when the high pass order is
non-zero. The ratio of this corner frequency to the sample rate must be between 0.000001 and
0.499999.

Low pass order

The order of the low pass filter applied to output data. The sum of the high and low pass orders
must not exceed 5.

Low pass frequency [Hz]

The 3 dB corner frequency of the low pass filter applied to output data when the low pass order is
non-zero. The ratio of this corner frequency to the sample rate must be between 0.000001 and
0.499999.

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4.4.5 Trigger Input Filters

The trigger input filter is a common band pass filter applied to the channel data prior to being
processed by the trigger1 detectors2.

High pass order

The order of the high pass trigger filter.

High pass frequency [Hz]

The 3 dB corner frequency, in hertz, of the high pass trigger filter.

Low pass order

The order of the low pass trigger filter.

Low pass frequency [Hz]

The 3 dB corner frequency, in hertz, of the low pass trigger filter.

1A message generated by the device when the STA/LTA ratio for a channel goes above the

configured trigger on ratio or when the configured threshold value is exceeded. Each
trigger is assigned a number of votes (on the source device) that it casts towards getting an event
declared.
2Algorithms applied to channels and used to declare seismic signals of interest

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4.4.6 Trigger Detectors

The Centaur uses detectors combined with a voting system to declare an event. A detector is an
algorithm that is applied to a channel and is based on either a configured threshold value or a
configured STA1/LTA 2 ratio. As soon as the channel detector detects that the threshold value or
STA/LTA ratio has been exceeded, it generates a trigger3 for that channel. When the Centaur sees
this trigger, it counts how many votes4 are assigned to the channel that generated that trigger:

o If the number of votes are equal to or higher than the configured number of required votes,
an event is declared with the date and time from the trigger.
o If not enough votes were received from the trigger, then the Centaur waits for additional
triggers for a configured period of time to allow for transmission latency.
o If not enough votes are received within the configured period of time, the triggers are dis-
carded and no event is declared.
o If enough votes are received, an event is declared and written to the internal storage and
posted on the Events page.

Event declaration can happen locally using only the channels of the Centaur or it can happen
across a network between multiple devices if you enable the option to share triggers across a
network.

Type n

Select the type of detector for the channel.

1Short Term Average

2Long Term Average
3A message generated by the device when the STA/LTA ratio for a channel goes above the

configured trigger on ratio or when the configured threshold value is exceeded. Each trigger is
assigned a number of votes (on the source device) that it casts towards getting an event declared.
4The number of votes assigned to each channel that it can cast towards getting an event declared.

The higher the number of votes, the greater the impact that the channel has on event
declaration. To ensure proper event declaration, you should give zero votes to a channel that you
do not want to affect the event declaration at all and a lower number of votes to channels at noisy
stations.

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Votes n

The number of votes assigned to each channel that it can cast towards getting an event declared.

The higher the number of votes, the greater the impact that the channel has on event declaration.
To ensure proper event declaration, you should give zero votes to a channel that you do not want
to affect the event declaration at all and a lower number of votes to channels at noisy stations.

Trigger threshold n [counts]

The value that must be exceeded for the channel detector to generate a trigger for that channel.

You only have to configure this setting if you selected Threshold as the detector type.

Threshold hold off n [s]

The amount of time after a threshold has been exceeded that the channel detector will wait
before it generates a trigger for that channel.

This setting can be used to ensure that multiple triggers are not generated if a threshold is
exceeded several times in a very short period of time. Multiple triggers could result in the
declaration of multiple events when really it is only one event.

You only have to configure this setting if you selected Threshold as the detector type.

STA time constant n [s]

The short term average time constant in seconds

The time constant τ is related to the cutoff frequency f by τ = 1/(2πf ).

c c
Choose a value longer than a few periods of a typical expected seismic signal of interest, shorter
than expected durations of events of interest, and not so short that excessive false triggers are
generated by non-seismic noise spikes near the site.

You only have to configure this setting if you selected STA/LTA ratio as the detector type.

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LTA time constant n [s]

The long term average time constant in seconds

The time constant τ is related to the cutoff frequency f by τ = 1/(2πf ).

c c
Choose a value long enough to encompass at least several cycles of typical non-seismic, irregular
noise for the site.

You only have to configure this setting if you selected STA/LTA ratio as the detector
type.

Trigger on ratio n

The STA/LTA ratio above which the associated channel is triggered.

Choose a value low enough to be sensitive to events of interest but high enough to minimize false
triggers.

You only have to configure this setting if you selected STA/LTA ratio as the detector type.

Trigger off ratio n

The STA/LTA ratio below which the associated channel trigger ends.

Latch LTA n

If you select this option, the LTA is held at the value when the channel triggered and is not
updated while the channel is triggered.

If you do not select this option, the LTA continues to be calculated and updated while the channel
is triggered.

In both cases, the trigger terminates either when the trigger off ratio is achieved or when the
Maximum duration has expired.

You only have to configure this setting if you selected STA/LTA ratio as the detector type.

Maximum duration n [s]

The maximum duration of a trigger in seconds.

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After this time period has expired, the trigger is ended even if the Trigger off ratio has not been
achieved.

4.5 Sensor Library

The Centaur ships with default sensor configurations that you can select as the configuration for
Sensor A and Sensor B (6 channel model only). Each sensor configuration contains the mode,
power, voltage, sensitivity, control line, calibration, and SOH settings for a sensor.

You cannot edit the settings of any of the default sensor configurations but you can click Add on
the main Sensor Library page and create your own editable custom sensor configuration or you
can click Copy at the bottom of any default sensor configuration page to make a copy of it and
then edit it.

4.5.1 Sensor Settings

Sensor name

The name of the sensor configuration.

SP/LP mode

The default operating mode of the sensor.

XYZ/UVW mode

The default orientation of the sensor elements.

UVW is the orientation for a symmetric triaxial seismometer.

Needs power

Select this option if the sensor needs power (active sensors). Do not select it for passive sensors
that do not require power.

Nanometrics smart sensor

Select this option if the sensor is a Nanometrics smart sensor (for example, Trillium Borehole,
Trillium Posthole, or Trillium Compact).

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Sensitivity units

Refer to your sensor manual for the appropriate value.

Sensitivity value

Refer to your sensor manual for this value.

Channel n orientation

Select the orientation of the each sensor channel.

4.5.2 Sensor Control Lines

Refer to your sensor manual for the appropriate sensor control line settings and values for your
sensor. Specific control line settings are required to make some of the sensor controls available on
the Sensors page.

4.6 Sensor SOH

Each sensor port on the Centaur has three mass position SOH inputs and, if enabled, the voltage
levels of these inputs are recorded at the configured Internal SOH report interval and displayed on
the Sensors page. The Sensor mass position SOH values are also included in the Environment SOH
group, which you can download from the Maintenance page.

You can edit the Sensor mass position SOH settings for any custom sensor configurations that you
create.

SOH enabled n

Select this check box to allow the Centaur to record the voltage level of the mass position SOH
input and generate an SOH channel for this input.

SOH label n

Type a label for the mass position SOH input.

The name you enter here will appear on the Sensors page and in the CSV file you download from
the Maintenance page (Environment group of the SOH groups).

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SOH monitor n

Select this check box if you want the status of this mass position SOH input to impact the overall
status of the device.

This means that if a warning or error condition is reported for this mass position SOH input, it will
be indicated in red on the Health page, Sensors page, and in the status bar at the top of each
page. It will also be indicated by the Sensor LED on the Centaur.

SOH high threshold

An error condition is reported for the mass position SOH input when the SOH input voltage rises
above the SOH high threshold value. This error condition is indicated in red on the Health page,
Sensors page, and in the status bar at the top of each page. The Sensor LED on the Centaur blinks
red when this error condition occurs.

An warning condition is reported for the mass position SOH input when the SOH input voltage rises
above the SOH low threshold value and stays below the SOH high threshold value. This warning
condition is indicated on the Health page, Sensors page, in the status bar at the top of each page.
The Sensor LED on the Centaur blinks yellow when this warning condition occurs.

SOH low threshold

No error or warning condition is detected for the mass position SOH input when the SOH input
voltage is below the SOH low threshold.

4.7 Auto Mass Centring

You can configure the Auto Mass Centring options to initiate automatic mass centring when sensor
mass positions reach off-centre thresholds.

You can set thresholds for delayed or immediate recentring (yellow and red thresholds
respectively) and set the number of retries and retry intervals to achieve centred masses.

You must have a control line configured for Mass Centre and have at least one of the following
thresholds enabled:

o Auto Centre on Yellow – The Centaur will initiate mass centring when any axis has been
above the Yellow Threshold for more than the Yellow Holdoff Time. If all axes drop below
the Yellow threshold during holdoff time, then the holdoff time is cancelled.

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o Auto Centre on Red – The Centaur will initiate mass centring 1 minute after any axis
exceeds the Red Threshold. You can configure the number of retries, as well as the con-
figured retry interval. Retries will be attempted until all axes are below the yellow
threshold or until the number of retries per Auto Centre have been executed.

4.7.1 Auto Mass Centring Settings

Once configured, the Control section on the Sensor page will indicate that automatic mass
centring is enabled.

Red Threshold [V]

The minimum voltage level used to indicate that the mass position is out of range. Mass centring is
initiated one minute after this level is crossed for any sensing element.

The threshold range is from negative to positive, for example 1 indicates a threshold range of – 1
to +1.

Enter a number that is equal to or higher than 0.001 and greater than the yellow threshold (if
used).

If you use both the red and the yellow thresholds, ensure that you set the yellow
threshold as the lower mass position limit and the red threshold as the higher mass
position limit (red >= yellow).

Auto-Centre on Red

Select this option if you want the Centaur to initiate mass centring when the Red Threshold is
crossed. By default, this option is not selected.

Yellow Threshold [V]

The minimum voltage level used to indicate that the mass position is marginal. Mass centring is
initiated after the Yellow Holdoff Time has expired.

The threshold range is from negative to positive: for example, 1 indicates a threshold range of –1
to +1.

Enter a number that is equal to or higher than 0.001 and lower than the red threshold (if used).

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Auto-Centre on Yellow

Select this option if you want the Centaur to initiate mass centring when the Yellow Holdoff Time
expires.

By default, this option is not selected.

Yellow Holdoff Time [h]

The number of hours the Centaur waits when any mass position voltage is higher than the yellow
threshold but lower than the red threshold before initiating mass centring.

Enter a number between 0.1 and 72.

Retries per Auto-Centre

The maximum number of re-attempts the Centaur makes to centre the masses.

Enter an integer between 0 and 20.

Retry Interval [min]

The number of minutes the Centaur waits before trying to automatically centre the masses again.

Enter an integer between 1 and 20.

4.8 Communications
You can configure a Centaur for network access via an IP connection over an Ethernet connection.

4.8.1 Discovery

Enable discovery

Select this check box to allow the Centaur to periodically send out small multicast identification
messages to other Nanometrics devices and applications on the network.

IP address

A valid multicast IP address.

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Port number

The UDP port number used by the Centaur for discovery broadcasts.

4.8.2 Ethernet

Ethernet mode

The method the Centaur uses to acquire an IP address for communications over the LAN.

By default, each Centaur ships in DHCP mode so it can automatically obtain an IP address in your
network. If needed, you can also use the following Link-Local address: 169.254.33.33 (3 channel)
or 169.254.35.35 (6 channel)

If you change this setting to another Ethernet mode (Static IP or Link-Local) and then change it
back to DHCP, you can use Apollo Discovery to find the new IP address assigned to the device. You
will need this new IP address to be able to commit the change you made to the Ethernet mode
setting because the previous IP address will no longer work.

Apollo Discovery is a Nanometrics command-line application that searches the LAN and returns the
model number, serial number, IP address, and other information about the Nanometrics devices
and applications that it finds.

Ethernet static IP address

The IP address assigned to the Centaur for the LAN.

Configure this setting if the Ethernet mode is set to Static IP.

Ethernet static subnet mask

The subnet mask for the Ethernet Static IP Address.

Configure this setting if the Ethernet mode is set to Static IP.

Static default gateway

The default gateway address for the static IP address.

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4.9 Data Streaming

You can configure the Centaur to stream1 time-series data, SOH data, triggers, alerts, and raw
data to one or more data acquisition servers, such as Apollo Server. The data is streamed in the NP
format using a User Datagram Protocol (UDP) socket or Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP).

NP UDP/HTTP Streaming

QSCD20 Streaming

Throttle

Fragmentation

4.9.1 NP UDP/HTTP Streaming

Name

The name of the streamer.

Enable

Select this option to enable the streaming of data.

Stream primary time series

Select this option to stream primary time series data.

Stream secondary time series

Select this option if you have enabled secondary output.

Stream environmental SOH

Select this option to stream environmental SOH data.

Environmental SOH for the Centaur includes the following data:

1The transfer of packets of data at a steady high-speed rate from the device to downstream

devices and applications.

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o Voltages
o Temperature
o Sensor SOH
o External SOH
o Timing information

Stream system SOH

Select this option to stream system SOH data to a downstream network management or monitoring
tool, such as Antares Network Management.

Antares Network Management is a network management and diagnostic tool that allows you to
assess the overall status of the network at a glance and to drill down into network issues in a wide
range of areas including power, data availability, timing, latency, configuration, and firmware
versions. Antares Network Management uses SOH data, log files, and configuration information
available from the various assets in the network as well as data derived by monitoring data
availability, latency, and error correction workload to provide you with this picture of network
performance.

System SOH for the Centaur includes the following data:

o Internal storage statistics

o Data acquisition statistics

Stream triggers/events

Select this option to stream triggers and events. For trigger1 settings, see also Trigger Detectors
and Trigger Input Filters. For event2 settings, see Events.

Stream alerts

Select this option to stream alerts generated by the Centaur for events such as start-ups, shut
downs, and major errors.

1A message generated by the device when the STA/LTA ratio for a channel goes above the

configured trigger on ratio or when the configured threshold value is exceeded. Each trigger is
assigned a number of votes (on the source device) that it casts towards getting an event declared.
2Seismic activity that is detected and declared by the instrument using a voting system and

threshold values or STA/LTA trigger algorithms.

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Alert messages include a time stamp and a brief description. These messages are also displayed on
the Health page.

Stream raw data

Select this option to stream raw data that came from an external source.

The raw data is inserted into an NP packet and streamed in the NP format.

Channel list

After you have selected the type of data you want the Centaur to stream, you have the option to
use a filter to specify exactly which channels the Centaur streams.

The filter is a comma-separated list of the SCNL (Station, Channel, Network, and Location) names
of the channels you want streamed. The network, station, location, and channel codes used in the
SCNL list are defined in the Channel Naming settings and in the location and channel code settings
of the raw TCP receivers.

You can use an asterisk (*) to represent one or more characters in a channel name and an
exclamation point (!) to exclude a network, station, location, or channel. The exclamation point
always has to be placed before the SCNL element that should be excluded.

The format for specifying SCNL elements in a filter is NN.SSSSS.LL.CCC, where NN is the network
code, SSSSS is the station code, LL is the location code, and CCC is the channel code. The S, C, and
N elements must be represented in the filter and each element must be separated by a dot (.). The
L (Location) element is optional.

Examples:

a. Data is streamed for all of the channels in the XX network XX.*.*.*

b. Data is streamed for all of the Z channels in the XX network XX.*.*.*Z
c. Data is streamed for the specified channel XX.STN01.LO.HHZ
d. Data is not streamed for any of the channels in the XX network !XX.*.*.*
e. Data is streamed for all of the channels in the XX network and all of the channels from
STN01 in the YY network XX.*.*.*,YY.STN01.*.*
f. All SOH data is streamed for the XX network (if all SOH channels are called SOH) XX.*.*.SOH

If you do not want to filter the data, type an asterisk (*) into the box. A single asterisk means that
all available data will be streamed.

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Destination

A valid unicast IP address of the streaming destination in dotted decimal format.

-OR-

A valid multicast 1 IP address.

Port number

The port number used by the Centaur to stream data in the NP format.

If you are streaming to Apollo Server, ensure that the Apollo Server UDP receiver is
configured to listen to this port number.

ReTx strategy

Defines the manner in which requests to retransmit data are prioritized and processed.

o First-Come, First-Served – ReTx requests are processed in the order received.

o Oldest Data First, with Recent Data Threshold – ReTx requests are processed in chro-
nological order based on the data time (oldest first) except for requests for data newer than
the configured ReTx Recent Data Threshold, which are given highest priority.

ReTx recent data threshold [min]

The time in which recent requests should be processed before the oldest requests are processed.

You only have to configure this setting if you selected Oldest Data First, with Recent Data
Threshold as the ReTx Strategy.

1The first octet of a valid multicast IP address must be between 224 and 240, inclusive. Each of

the last three octets can be any positive integer from 0 to 255.

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Multicast TTL (NP UDP streaming only)

If the streaming destination address is multicast1, you can increase the Time-To-Live (TTL2) of
the packets by specifying the number of networks (routers) that the packet must cross to reach the
destination.

For example, if the packets have to cross five networks to reach the destination, you should set
the Multicast TTL to 5.

All of the routers must support the Time-To-Live feature. In some cases, this feature might
be disabled for security reasons (Denial-of-Service attack).

4.9.2 QSCD20 Streaming

A QSCD20®3 data stream sends QSCD20 encoded packets to destination software capable of
consuming QSCD20 data. The data is produced using the primary sample rate(s) of the digital
recorder(s), and this sample rate should be at least 100 sps for quality data. Data is streamed in
one second packets with each packet timestamp containing the time of the last sample considered
for that second of data. The timestamp is UTC4 aligned.

QSCD20 is a region-specific streaming format. If your system requires QSCD20, contact

customer support for more information.

Enable

Select this option to enable the streaming of QSCD20 data.

UDP source port

The port number on the streaming device used to stream QSCD20 data. The UDP source port is
configurable to facilitate flexibility when passing packets through firewalls.

1The first octet of a valid multicast IP address must be between 224 and 240, inclusive. Each of

the last three octets can be any positive integer from 0 to 255.
2Time-To-Live
3Quick Seismic Characteristic Data (QSCD20®) from 20 sps data. QSCD20 is a region-specific

streaming format. If your system requires QSCD20, contact customer support for more information.
4Coordinated Universal Time

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QSCD20 destination 1-5

A valid unicast IP address, including the port number, of the data stream destination in dotted
decimal format. The destination must be software capable of consuming QSCD20 data. Up to 5
destinations can be identified.

4.9.3 Throttle

If you have a low-throughput link, the throttle configuration settings allow you to configure the
maximum data output of the streamer.

Enable throttle

Select this option to set the maximum data throughput of the NP streamer.

Maximum throughput [bps]

The maximum throughput in bits per second.

4.9.4 Fragmentation

This feature supports data paths with components that block packets larger than a particular
threshold. For instance, if you are using a router that does not allow IP fragmentation, the
fragmentation configuration settings allow you to configure the maximum packet size.

Enable fragmenting

Select this option to set the maximum allowable packet size. If enabled, packets larger than the
configured threshold will be broken into smaller packets.

Fragment size [B]

The maximum packet size in bytes.

Include CRC

Select this option if you want a cyclic redundancy check performed on each fragment to verify
that the data is not corrupted.

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4.10 Raw TCP Receiving

You can configure the Centaur to acquire raw data from a TCP server using a TCP socket. For
example, you can configure the Centaur to receive BINEX1 data from a Trimble® NetR9 GNSS
Reference Receiver.

You can create and configure raw data TCP receivers to acquire raw data. Once the raw data has
been acquired, you can configure a streamer to stream the data to a data acquisition server.
Before the raw data is streamed, it is inserted into an NP packet so that it can be streamed in the
NP format.

Name

The name of the raw data TCP receiver.

Enable

Select this option to enable the raw data TCP receiver to receive data.

Server IP address

The unicast IP address of the TCP server.

Port number

The number of the port used by the TCP server to stream data. The raw data TCP receiver acts as
a TCP client and connects to this port and then the external device streams data to the Centaur.

For example, you configure this port number in the I/O Configuration settings of a Trimble®
NetR9.

TCP socket timeout [s]

The maximum amount of time in seconds that the modem will wait for data from the TCP socket
before disconnecting from the socket.

After the modem has disconnected from the socket, it will reconnect and wait for a response
again.

1BINEX is a binary exchange format for GPS and GNSS data. For more information on BINEX, see

http://binex.unavco.org/binex.html.

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Raw data type

Select the format of the raw data from the list.

The only available format is BINEX.

Make sure that the TCP server (for example, a Trimble® NetR9) is configured to stream
data to the Centaur in the BINEX format.

Channel index

A number from 2001 to 2099 used to identify the raw data channel.

Each raw data TCP receiver should have a unique channel index number.

You only need to change this number if you are enabling more than one raw data TCP
receiver on a single Centaur

Raw packets per NP packet

The number of packets the Centaur waits for before it creates an NP packet.

Location and channel code

A three character alphanumeric code for the channel name.

-OR-

A two character alphanumeric code for the location and a three character alphanumeric code for
the channel name, separated by a dot.

Example: L0.RAW

These codes are used for filtering the data that is streamed to a downstream device and should be
unique for each raw data TCP receiver. For more information on filtering, see the description of
the Channel list setting of the NP UDP/HTTP streamer.

The station and network codes are defined by the Channel Naming settings.

4.11 Channel Naming

The channel names are used by the Centaur for two different purposes:

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o Data Retrieval – The channel names are used in the file headings and default file names for
all types of retrieved data. The names act as labels to help you identify the data. For more
information, see Retrieve Data from the Internal Storage.

o Filtered Streaming – When you configure the Centaur to stream data, you have the option to
define an SCNL-based filter to limit what channels are streamed. The Centaur refers to the
channel names when it performs the filtering.

Centaur retains only the currently configured channel name. Historical naming information is not
preserved.

When you make a query to retrieve data or to view a waveform from Centaur, make sure to use
the channel name that is currently configured, not the channel name that was configured when
the data was recorded.

Network code

A two character alphanumeric code (the alpha characters must be uppercase) that represents the
network that the Centaur belongs to.

Station code

A five character alphanumeric code that represents the station where the Centaur is located.

Location code (n-n)

A two character alphanumeric code (the alpha characters must be uppercase) that represents the
time series location of the Centaur.

This setting is optional.

Primary channel n code

A three character alphanumeric code (the alpha characters must be uppercase) that represents
each of the time series data channels.

Secondary channel n code

A three character alphanumeric code (the alpha characters must be uppercase) that represents
each of the secondary data channels.

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SOH code

A two character alphanumeric code for the location and a three character alphanumeric code for
the channel that represents the SOH for the Centaur.

The two codes have to be separated by a dot (.).

4.12 Continuous Data Archive

The Centaur Continuous Data Archive feature continuously archives MiniSEED data and SOH data
(optional) to a removable SD card.

Before you enable this feature, make sure that you have inserted an SD card (formatted as FAT32
or ext4) into the SD card slot behind the media bay door of the Centaur.

In addition to streaming data from the Centaur to a network application or device and
archiving data to a removable SD card, you can also retrieve time series and SOH data
directly from the Centaur's internal storage1 by downloading it from the Maintenance
page to your computer.

Enable continuous data archive

Select this check box to allow the Centaur to continuously write MiniSEED data files to the SD card.

Each file contains multiple 512-byte MiniSEED records of waveform data for all live channels and is
stored in a folder named for the day it was recorded. The location of this folder is YYYY/MM/DD.

The format of the name of each MiniSEED data file is as follows: NE.STN.LO_YYYYMMDD_
HHMMSS.miniseed

The network, station, and location names are defined in the Channel Naming configuration
settings.

Archive period [min]

Select the amount of data in minutes to be written to each file.

1The device writes all of the data it receives to an internal storage. The internal storage works

like a ring buffer and it wraps around when it is full and records over the oldest data.

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The number of 512-byte MiniSEED records contained in each file is determined by the duration you
select here.

MiniSEED output files

Select the number of output files to be generated: one file per channel or one file per station.

The per channel option produces many small files, the per station option produces one large file.

Archive channel list

You can choose to filter the data you archive by channel.

The filter is a comma-separated list of the SCNL (Station, Channel, Network, and Location) names
of the channels you want archived. The network, station, location, and channel codes used in the
SCNL list are defined in the Channel Naming settings and in the location and channel code settings
of the raw TCP receivers.

You can use an asterisk (*) to represent one or more characters in a channel name and an
exclamation point (!) to exclude a network, station, location, or channel. The exclamation point
always has to be placed before the SCNL element that should be excluded.

The format for specifying SCNL elements in a filter is NN.SSSSS.LL.CCC, where NN is the network
code, SSSSS is the station code, LL is the location code, and CCC is the channel code. The S, C, and
N elements must be represented in the filter and each element must be separated by a dot (.). The
L (Location) element is optional.

Examples:

a. Data is archived for all of the channels in the XX network XX.*.*.*

b. Data is archived for all of the Z channels in the XX network XX.*.*.*Z
c. Data is archived for the specified channel XX.STN01.LO.HHZ
d. Data is not archived for any of the channels in the XX network !XX.*.*.*
e. Data is archived for all of the channels in the XX network and all of the channels from
STN01 in the YY network XX.*.*.*,YY.STN01.*.*
f. All SOH data is archived for the XX network (if all SOH channels are called SOH) XX.*.*.SOH

If you do not want to filter the data, type an asterisk (*) into the box. A single asterisk means that
all available data will be archived.

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Archive filename pattern

You can specify a pattern for naming the archived MiniSEED files using the following parameters: 

o ${N} is the network name

o ${S} is the station name
o ${L} is the location name
o ${C} is the channel name
o ${ID} is the instrumentID
o ${TIME} is the start time for the data archive in YYYYMMDD_hhmmss format

The default pattern includes all parameters and is in the following format:

o ${N}.${S}.${L}.${C}_${ID}_${TIME}

Example based on the default:

o XX.STN01.LO.HHZ_centaur-6_0345_20130912_073356

If the MiniSEED output files option is set to Per channel: 

o ${C} is required if "Per channel" is selected

If the MiniSEED output files option is set to Per station: 

o ${S} is required
o ${C} must be excluded

Include SOH archive

Select this check box if you also want SOH data files archived to the SD card.

The SOH data files are separate files and they are stored in a folder called soh. The location of
this folder is YYYY/MM/DD/soh.

SOH archive format

If you selected the option to archive SOH data, select the format for archiving the SOH files.

Archiving SOH data in CSV format is time consuming and might impact the performance of
the device.

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4.13 Events
The Centaur uses detectors combined with a voting system to declare an event. A detector is an
algorithm that is applied to a channel and is based on either a configured threshold value or a
configured STA1/LTA 2 ratio. As soon as the channel detector detects that the threshold value or
STA/LTA ratio has been exceeded, it generates a trigger3 for that channel. When the Centaur sees
this trigger, it counts how many votes4 are assigned to the channel that generated that trigger. If
the number of votes are equal to or higher than the configured number of required votes, an event
is declared with the date and time of the trigger. If not enough votes were received from the
trigger, then the Centaur waits for additional triggers for a configured period of time to allow for
transmission latency. If not enough votes are received within the configured period of time, the
triggers are discarded and no event is declared. If enough votes are received, an event is declared
and written to the internal storage and posted on the Events page.

Event declaration can happen locally using only the channels of the Centaur or it can happen
across a network between multiple devices if you enable the option to share triggers across a
network.

Coincidence window [s]

The window of time into which the trigger on times of the channels must fall in order for those
channels to be included in the same event.

Required votes

The minimum number of votes required for the Centaur to declare a group of triggers as an event.

1Short Term Average

2Long Term Average
3A message generated by the device when the STA/LTA ratio for a channel goes above the

configured trigger on ratio or when the configured threshold value is exceeded. Each trigger is
assigned a number of votes (on the source device) that it casts towards getting an event declared.
4The number of votes assigned to each channel that it can cast towards getting an event declared.

The higher the number of votes, the greater the impact that the channel has on event
declaration. To ensure proper event declaration, you should give zero votes to a channel that you
do not want to affect the event declaration at all and a lower number of votes to channels at noisy
stations.

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Maximum event duration [s]

The amount of time, in seconds, the Centaur waits to see if the minimum number of required votes
is met for event declaration. This wait time allows for transmission latency and any other delays
that might occur.

The maximum event duration time should always be longer than the coincidence window
duration.

Pre-event time [s]

The number of seconds of data archived before the event declaration time.

Post-event time [s]

The number of seconds of data archived after the event declaration time.

4.13.1 Events Data Archive

The Centaur Events Data Archive feature archives event1 data and SOH data (optional) to a
removable SD card. The event data can be archived in multiple industry-standard formats.

Before you enable this feature, make sure that you have inserted an SD card (formatted as FAT32
or ext4) into the SD card slot behind the media bay door of the Centaur.

In addition to archiving event data to a removable SD card, you can also manually declare
an event on the Events page.

Enable events data archive

Select this check box to allow the Centaur to write event data to the SD card.

Each event data file is stored in a folder named for the day the event was recorded. The location
of this folder is events/YYYY/MM/DD.

1Seismic activity that is detected and declared by the instrument using a voting system and

threshold values or STA/LTA trigger algorithms.

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The format of the name of each event data file is as follows: NE.STN.LO_YYYYMMDD_
HHMMSS.format

If the per channel option is selected for the MiniSEED output files setting, then the
channel name is also added to the name of the event data file before the YYYYMMDD_
HHMMSS.

The network, station, and location names are defined in the Channel Naming configuration
settings.

Enable MiniSEED

Select this check box to archive the event data in the MiniSEED format.

MiniSEED output files

Select the number of output files to be generated: one file per channel or one file for all
instruments.

The per channel option produces many small files, the per station option produces one large file.

Other format

Select the desired file format from the list to archive event data in that format.

Archive channel list

You can choose to filter the data you archive by channel.

The filter is a comma-separated list of the SCNL (Station, Channel, Network, and Location) names
of the channels you want archived. The network, station, location, and channel codes used in the
SCNL list are defined in the Channel Naming settings and in the location and channel code settings
of the raw TCP receivers.

You can use an asterisk (*) to represent one or more characters in a channel name and an
exclamation point (!) to exclude a network, station, location, or channel. The exclamation point
always has to be placed before the SCNL element that should be excluded.

The format for specifying SCNL elements in a filter is NN.SSSSS.LL.CCC, where NN is the network
code, SSSSS is the station code, LL is the location code, and CCC is the channel code. The S, C, and
N elements must be represented in the filter and each element must be separated by a dot (.). The
L (Location) element is optional.

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Examples:

a. Data is archived for all of the channels in the XX network XX.*.*.*

b. Data is archived for all of the Z channels in the XX network XX.*.*.*Z
c. Data is archived for the specified channel XX.STN01.LO.HHZ
d. Data is not archived for any of the channels in the XX network !XX.*.*.*
e. Data is archived for all of the channels in the XX network and all of the channels from
STN01 in the YY network XX.*.*.*,YY.STN01.*.*
f. All SOH data is archived for the XX network (if all SOH channels are called SOH) XX.*.*.SOH

If you do not want to filter the data, type an asterisk (*) into the box. A single asterisk means that
all available data will be archived.

Archive filename pattern

You can specify a pattern for naming the archived files using the following parameters: 

o ${N} is the network name

o ${S} is the station name
o ${L} is the location name
o ${C} is the channel name
o ${ID} is the instrumentID
o ${TIME} is the event time in YYYYMMDD_hhmmss format

The default pattern includes all parameters and is in the following format:

o ${N}.${S}.${L}.${C}_${ID}_${TIME}

Example based on the default:

o XX.STN01.LO.HHZ_ centaur-6_0345_20130912_073356

If the MiniSEED output files option is set to Per channel: 

${C} is required if "Per channel" is selected

If the MiniSEED output files option is set to Per station: 

${S} is required

${C} must be excluded

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Include SOH archive

Select this check box if you also want SOH data files archived to the SD card.

The SOH data files are separate files and they are stored in a folder called soh. The location of
this folder is YYYY/MM/DD/soh.

SOH archive format

If you selected the option to archive SOH data, select the format for archiving the SOH files.

Archiving SOH data in the CSV format is time consuming and might impact the
performance of the device.

4.13.2 Trigger/Event Sharing

The Centaur has the ability to send and receive triggers1 and events2 and from other devices via
a multicast UDP3. The votes4 associated with triggers received from other devices are used in the
event detection and declaration process and the events received from other devices are displayed
and downloadable on the Events page of the local device.

Share triggers

Select this option to enable trigger sharing.

1Messages generated by the instrument when the STA/LTA ratio for one or more channels go above

the configured trigger on ratio or when the configured threshold value is exceeded. Each trigger is
assigned a number of votes (on the source device) that it casts towards getting an event declared.
2Seismic activity that is detected and declared by the instrument using a voting system and

threshold values or STA/LTA trigger algorithms.

3User Datagram Protocol
4The number of votes assigned to each channel that it can cast towards getting an event declared.

The higher the number of votes, the greater the impact that the channel has on event
declaration. To ensure proper event declaration, you should give zero votes to a channel that you
do not want to affect the event declaration at all and a lower number of votes to channels at noisy
stations.

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If you enable this option, event declaration will happen both locally, using only the three channels
of the local device, and across all of the devices in your network.

Share events

Select this option to enable events sharing.

If you enable this option, you can view and download the events received from other devices on
the Events page of this device.

Multicast group

A valid multicast 1 IP address.

All devices that share triggers and/or events have to use the same multicast IP address
and port number.

Port number

The port number used by the Centaur to share triggers and/or events with other devices (send and
receive)

All devices that share triggers and/or events have to use the same multicast IP address
and port number.

Multicast TTL

You can increase the Time-To-Live (TTL) of the trigger data packets by specifying the number of
networks (routers) that the trigger data packets must cross to reach their destination.

For example, if the trigger data packets have to cross five networks to reach their destination, you
should set the Multicast TTL to 5.

4.13.3 Data Products

You can configure the Centaur to calculate peak ground motion data products for any connected
and configured accelerometer sensors. When this feature is enabled, the Centaur calculates the

1The first octet of a valid multicast IP address must be between 224 and 240, inclusive. Each of

the last three octets can be any positive integer from 0 to 255.

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PGA1, PGV2, and PGD 3 values for each declared event, writes the calculated values to the
internal storage4 with the event, and posts them on the Events page.

The PGA reported by the Centaur is based on measurements of the acceleration in the two
horizontal directions (north-south and east-west).

Enable events data products

Select this check box to allow the Centaur to calculate peak ground motion data products for each
event.

You can view the calculated PGA, PGV, and PGD values on the Events page.

Source sensor port

Select the sensor port used to calculate the data products.

This option is only applicable to a Centaur with 6 channels (two sensor ports).

Source data stream

Select the channels used to calculate the data products.

4.13.4 Configure Email Notifications for Declared Events

Centaur ships with three configuration template files that can be used to configure the automatic
sending of email notifications when events are declared and completed. Once these files have
been configured, two emails are sent automatically for each event. The first email is sent as soon
as the event is declared and the second email is sent when the event has completed. The emails
are sent to the email addresses specified in the configuration files.

1Peak Ground Acceleration

2Peak Ground Velocity
3Peak Ground Displacement
4The device writes all of the data it receives to an internal storage. The internal storage works

like a ring buffer and it wraps around when it is full and records over the oldest data.

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Example email subject line: NX.PVEA1 Event 2013-05-10T18:09:19.015Z

Example email body:

Event complete 2013-05-10T18:09:19.015Z (titanEA-Master_0104)

Maximum PGA 1.40693125E-1 g @ NX.PVEA1 (titanEA-Master_0104)

See the Help for more information on event detection and declaration. You can access the
help by clicking Help in the upper-left corner of the user interface of the device.

To configure the automatic sending of email notifications

1. Use the following commands to copy the three configuration template files that shipped
with Centaur to /etc/nanometrics/config and remove the suffix (.template) from the copy:

cp /usr/share/nanometrics/event-email/conf/event-email.conf.template
/etc/nanometrics/config/event-email.conf

cp /usr/share/nanometrics/event-email/conf/event-declared.-
conf.template /etc/nanometrics/config/event-declared.conf

cp /usr/share/nanometrics/event-email/conf/event-complete-email.-
conf.template /etc/nanometrics/config/event-complete-email.conf

The template files are called event-email.conf.template, event-declared-

email.conf.template, and event-complete-email.conf.template and they are
located in /usr/share/nanometrics/event-email/conf.

2. Modify the email server settings contained in event-email.conf so that they match the out-
going mail settings for your network and specify the email addresses of all intended recip-
ients.
3. Modify the variables contained in event-declared-email.conf to determine the content of
the event declared email notification (the first email that is sent).

The first line of this file is the subject of the email and the other lines in the file are
the body of the email. The available variables are as follows:

o event_start — The time the event was declared

o event_num_triggers — The number of triggers for the declared event

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o stationName — The SCNL information for the local device (the SCNL inform-
ation for a device is configured in the Channel Naming settings)
o instrumentID — The ID of the local device as shown at the top of the user inter-
face of the device

4. Repeat step 3 for the variables in event-complete-email.conf to determine the content of

the event completed email notification (the second email that is sent).

The following variables are available for the event completed email notification in
addition to the ones listed in step 3:

o event_pga — The PGA of the local device, calculated after the post-event
time has elapsed (see Configuration -> Events)
o max_pga — The highest PGA value from the devices in a group, calculated
after the post-event time has elapsed (see Configuration -> Events)
o max_pga_instrumentID — The ID of the device with the highest PGA value
o max_pga_stationName — The SCNL information for the device with the
highest PGA (the SCNL information for a device is configured in the Channel
Naming settings)

4.14 State of Health (SOH) Settings

Internal SOH report interval [s]

The SOH reporting rate of the SOH channels (for example, GPS, time, and storage). Default: 60 s.

External SOH report interval [s]

The SOH reporting rate of the three external SOH inputs. Default: 60 seconds. You can see voltage
readings for connected equipment on the Sensors page, in the External SOH Inputs section.

This setting only applies to Centaur models that have an external SOH input. See
applicable models.

Frames per packet

Number of frames used in each SOH packet. A smaller value means less latency, but more
overhead.

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4.15 Seedlink Server

Centaur can be configured to act as a SeedLink server for other SeedLink clients. Any time series
data in the internal storage1 of the Centaur can be converted into the 512-byte MiniSEED format
and retrieved by SeedLink clients from the Centaur.

Channel names are used in the file headings and default file names of the data that is retrieved
from the internal storage. These channel names act as labels and help the SeedLink clients identify
the data. Before you enable a SeedLink server, ensure that you have configured the channel name
settings.

The Seedlink Server feature requires a separate licence that has to be installed on the
Centaur. Please contact Nanometrics at sales_mkt@nanometrics.ca for more information or
to purchase a licence.

Name

The unique name of the SeedLink server.

Once you have configured the SeedLink server, its name will appear in the left pane of the
Configuration dialog box, under the SeedLink server section of the tree. Select the name of the
SeedLink server to edit its settings.

Enable

Select this check box to allow Centaur to stream data from this SeedLink server.

Clear this check box to disable this SeedLink server, stopping data acquisition from this source.

Port

The port number for the SeedLink server.

The SeedLink clients have to be configured to use this port number to acquire data from the
Centaur SeedLink server.

1The device writes all of the data it receives to an internal storage. The internal storage works

like a ring buffer and it wraps around when it is full and records over the oldest data.

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Short term complete enable

Select this option to ensure that the SeedLink server sends data in chronological order.

If a packet is missed, the SeedLink server will wait up to the set threshold time (Short term
complete threshold [s]) before sending any more packets. Once the threshold time is crossed, the
SeedLink Server will send the next available packet and ignore the missed packet if it is received.

Short term complete should be used with Hydra and Earthworm slink2ew clients.

Short term complete threshold [s]

The number of seconds the SeedLink server will wait to receive a missed packet before continuing
to send data.

This threshold value is only used if the Short term complete enable option is selected.

Enable one second packet

Produces only one second SeedLink packets by recompressing the data into new Data Records.

Real-time streaming is supported when this feature is turned on. When enabled, the
SeedLink client should not send in any backfill requests, such as DATA command with
sequence number, or TIME command with begin and/or end time.

Throttle

The throttle fields display under each SeedLink server added, allowing you to enable a throttle and
to specify the maximum throughput bit rate:

o Enable throttle is selected by default. Uncheck this field if you do not want to limit the net-
work transfer rate.
o Maximum throughput bit rate (bps) allows you to specify the maximum output bit rate. The
default maximum is 2056000 bps.

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4.16 Power

If the power supply voltage is below the configured Power on threshold, the
Centaur will not power up. If this happens, you can bypass the power supply
threshold settings and force the Centaur to power up by pressing the Force Power
On button behind the media bay door to override this threshold.

The voltage reported at the sensor is lower than the voltage applied at the connector due
to cable and connector losses, and small voltage drops in protective circuitry.

Power on [mV]

When the external power supply voltage rises above the Power on threshold, the Centaur powers up
immediately.

If the current external power supply voltage is less than a newly committed Power on
threshold, then the Centaur will not automatically power up the next time the power is
disconnected and reconnected unless the Force Power On button behind the media bay
door is pressed to override these thresholds.

Low voltage shutdown [mV]

When the external power supply voltage falls below the Low voltage shutdown threshold, the
Centaur performs a safe shutdown.

If the current external power supply voltage is less than a newly applied Low voltage
shutdown value, then the Centaur will automatically shut down. If not committed, the
Centaur will revert to the previous Low voltage shutdown value.

Low voltage disconnect [mV]

When the external power supply voltage falls below the Low voltage disconnect threshold, the
Centaur powers off immediately.

Set the disconnect to a value that will properly protect the battery for your power supply.

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4.17 Timing

GPS configuration is not applicable when PTP is enabled as the timing source in
your firmware. Contact technical support for more information.

GPS power mode

Select the power mode for the GPS.

o Duty cycled — The GPS is duty cycled automatically. The GPS receiver is switched on until
the fine lock is reached in the system clock and then switched off until the estimated time
uncertainty reaches a predefined limit such that the expected time error is less than the 100
µs specification. This is the most efficient setting for power consumption.

If the GPS is configured to Duty cycled the Health page will indicate a time error if the
modelled uncertainty exceeds 100 µs.

o Always on — The GPS is always on. This mode uses more power, but provides the most accur-
ate timing.

If the GPS is configured to Always on the Health page will indicate a time error if the
modelled uncertainty exceeds 5 µs.

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5.0 Using the Web Interface

Once connected and your device is configured, you can use the Web interface to

l Monitor the status and health of your device.

l View and declare events.
l View the status of the sensor and perform several control functions.
l View waveform data and calibrate the sensor.
l Perform maintenance tasks.

5.1 Monitor the Status and Health of Your Instrument

In addition to monitoring the LEDs of your Centaur, you can also monitor the overall status and
health of the device by viewing near real-time information on the Health page. Any problems are
indicated in red. The last time the information was updated is shown in the lower-right corner of
the page.

Each section on the Health page shows you the current state of health and status of your Centaur,
grouped by component.

You can quickly check the health of the device from any page by looking at the status bar
at the top of the page. The first section of the status bar displays both text and an icon to
show the status of the device.

5.1.1
Events

Most Recent

The date, and Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA), Peak Ground Velocity (PGV), and Peak Ground
Displacement (PGD) of the most recent event.

Events Archive

The status of the events archive and the SD card.

The possible statuses are as follows:

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o Archive OK— The SD card is archiving event data or is ready to archive event data and the
last event was archived successfully.
o No archive media— The SD card is missing. Insert an SD card or disable the archiving of
event data.
o Archive error— The archive is corrupted or another error has occurred. Replace or reformat
the current SD card.
o Archive full— The SD card is full and no more event data can be archived. Replace the cur-
rent SD card or delete some of the archived events on the card.
o Disabled— The Centaur has not been configured to archive event data to a removable
SD card.

Trigger Window

The window of time, in seconds, into which the Trigger on times of the channels must fall in order
for those channels to be included in the same event.

Voting Threshold

Each channel of the Centaur can cast a specified number of votes towards getting an event
declared and the voting threshold is the minimum number of total votes required for it to declare
an event.

You can configure the number of votes each channel casts towards getting an event declared and
you can also configure the voting threshold. To ensure proper event declaration, you should give
zero votes to a channel that you do not want to affect the event declaration at all and a lower
number of votes to channels in noisy locations.

Trigger Detectors

The trigger settings of Detector 1/Detector 2/Detector 3

The possible values are as follows:

o A hyphen (-) — This means that the detector is not enabled.

o A value in g — This is the configured threshold value.
o A value — This is the result of the configured STA/LTA ratio.

For more information on how to enable and configure detectors, see Trigger Detectors.

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5.1.2
Device

System — Uptime

The time elapsed since the Centaur last powered up.

System — Streaming Rate

The combined streaming packet rate of all of the enabled streamers.

System — Enabled Streamers

The total number of enabled streamers.

System — Configuration

The status of the configuration settings.

If you have applied some changes to the configuration settings but not yet committed them, this
value will be red. If you do not commit these outstanding changes before the next time the
Centaur restarts, these changes will be lost.

System — Firmware

The version of the active firmware.

If you see testcode as the value, this means that you have upgraded the firmware but not
yet made it permanent by committing it. Go to the Maintenance page and click Commit in
the Firmware section to commit the new firmware.

Environment — Power Consumption

The amount of power consumed by the Centaur measured in watts.

The system current is shown in the tooltip.

Environment — Supply Voltage

The voltage level being supplied to the Centaur by the power source.

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Environment — Temperature

The internal temperature of the Centaur.

The internal temperature may be several degrees higher than the ambient temperature.

5.1.3
Storage

Media Card — Status

The status of the removable media card.

The possible statuses are as follows:

o Media OK— The SD card is archiving data or is ready to archive data.

o Media not present— The SD card is missing. Please insert an SD card or disable the archiving
of data (for more information, see Events Data Archive and Continuous Data Archive).
o Media error— The SD card is full, corrupted, or another error has occurred. Download files
from your SD card to free memory, Repair, reformat, or replace the current SD card.

Media Card — Continuous Archive

The status of the continuous data archive.

The possible statuses are as follows:

o Archive OK — The SD card is archiving MiniSEED data or is ready to archive MiniSEED data
and the latest data was archived successfully.
o No archive media — The SD card is missing. Insert an SD card or disable the archiving of Min-
iSEED data.
o Archive error — The archive is corrupted or another error has occurred. Replace or reformat
the current SD card.
o Archive full — The SD card is full and no more MiniSEED data can be archived. Replace the
current SD card or delete some of the archived events on the card.
o Disabled — The Centaur has not been configured to archive MiniSEED data files to a SD card.

Media Card — Contains Events

Indicates if the removable SD card contains events.

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Media Card — Percentage Used

The percentage of the total space used of the removable media card.

The total size of the removable media card is shown in the tooltip.

Internal Storage — Status

The status of the Centaur's internal storage1.

The possible statuses are as follows:

o Temporary location — Internal storage has failed and data is being written to a backup
Store.
o Recording — The internal storage is functioning correctly and recording data.
o Reindexing — The index within the internal storage is being recalculated and synchronized
with the actual data that is available. Reindexing might take a long time depending on how
much data is in the internal storage. Data will continue to be generated during reindexing
and will not be lost. You will not be able to perform any other operations that involve the
internal storage until it has finished reindexing.
o Not ready — The internal storage is not ready for recording because it is being resized, cre-
ated, reformatted, or re-created.
o Not enough space — There is not enough free space in the internal memory to accommodate
the intended full size of the internal storage. It will continue to operate normally with a
reduced maximum capacity.
o No internal storage — The internal storage is corrupt or missing. Please contact Nanometrics
Technical Support if you see this status.

Internal Storage — Percentage Used

The percentage of the total space used of the internal storage.

The total size of the internal storage is shown in the tooltip.

1The device writes all of the data it receives to an internal storage. The internal storage works

like a ring buffer and it wraps around when it is full and records over the oldest data.

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Internal Storage — Wraps Every

The internal storage works like a ring buffer and it wraps around when it is full and records over
the oldest data. This value is the estimated time, in days, that a packet stays in the internal
storage.

Internal Storage — Recording Rate

The rate that packets are being written to the internal storage.

5.1.4
Data

Sample Rate

The number of samples acquired every second, in hertz, by the Centaur for the primary channels.

Secondary Sample Rate

The number of samples acquired every second, in hertz, by the Centaur for the secondary channels
(if enabled).

Sensitivity

The overall sensitivity of the system, expressed in units of counts per velocity unit.

Status

The overall status of the connected sensor or sensors (6 channel model).

You can view more detailed information on the Sensors page.

Control

The status of the controls used to operate the sensors

A status of Unexpected means that one or more of the sensor control settings do not match the
saved configuration settings for that sensor. For example, Unexpected is displayed if the XYZ/UVW
Mode configuration setting for a sensor is set to XYZ but the sensor control is set to UVW.

You can view more detailed status information for the sensor controls on the Sensors page.

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5.1.5
Time

Status

The status of the internal system clock used to timestamp the data produced by the instrument.

The possible statuses are as follows:

o Initializing— The instrument has just powered up and it is attempting to synchronize its time
to the GPS receiver.
o Time OK— The timing quality of the internal system clock is accurate to within 100 μs.
o No antenna— The GPS receiver has detected that the antenna is not connected or not draw-
ing a current.
o Antenna short— The GPS receiver has detected a short in the antenna.
o Time error—The GPS receiver is unlocked and it is past the initialization stage (the first 10
minutes after the instrument powers up).

-OR-

If the GPS is configured to Always On, the Health page will indicate a time error if
the modelled uncertainty exceeds 5 µs, or 100 µs if the GPS is configured to
Automatic. See also GPS settings.

When the instrument powers up for the first time or after it has been shut
down for a long period of time, it will check to see if there has been a time
step in UTC1 (the introduction of a positive leap second). It takes
approximately 13 minutes for the instrument to make this check and the
Timing status will be red until this check has been completed.

The International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service makes

announcements about leap seconds in bulletins.

1Coordinated Universal Time

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o No PTP1 Master— The PTP master2 is not detected by the slave.

When PTP* is enabled as the timing source in your firmware:

The only applicable statuses are Time OK and No PTP master.

The Uncertainty, GPS satellites, and Earth location fields described

in sections below are not applicable.

*Contact technical support for more information about PTP.

Uncertainty

Based on clock drift and temperature measurements, this is an estimation, in µs, of the timing
uncertainty of the digital recorder clock. The longer the GPS receiver is unlocked, the higher the
timing uncertainty.

GPS Satellites

The number of satellites used by the GPS receiver for position calculation.

When the instrument starts up, its GPS receiver needs to lock onto the signals from a minimum of
four different satellites to calculate a three-dimensional positional fix, consisting of latitude,
longitude, and altitude. If less than four are visible, reposition the antenna so that it has good
visibility of the open sky.

Earth Location

The latitude and longitude of the instrument.

5.1.6
Alerts

The Alerts section provides you with a list of recent system-related events such as start-ups,
shutdowns, and configuration changes.

1Precision Time Protocol: a protocol used to synchronize with nanosecond accuracy the real-time

clocks of the devices in a network.

2The device in the PTP network with the most precise clock. All other PTP-enabled devices in the

network synchronize their clocks with the master by constantly exchanging timing messages with
it. The TitanEA Master is a PTP master.

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5.2 Monitor the LEDs

The Centaur has the following LEDs that you can use to monitor the current status of the
instrument and troubleshoot any problems that may occur. The LEDs are both external and
internal.

External LEDs:

o Overall Status
o Link
o Time
o Media
o Sensor A/B

Internal LEDs:

o Media Eject
o USB Eject

5.2.1 Overall Status LED

     Off

The Centaur is powered off.

     Solid red

Initial power-on.

     Blinking yellow

The Centaur is starting up and checking all of the internal systems.

     Blinking green

The Centaur is operating properly.

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     Blinking red

There is a fault or condition that prevents the Centaur from operating properly. If none of the
other LEDs indicate an error condition, check the Health page to determine the possible cause.

Possible problems could include the following:

o The GPS receiver is not locked or the GPS antenna is disconnected or shorted.
o The Data Archiving feature is enabled but the SD card is missing, full, corrupt, or could not
be prepared for use.

o Configuration changes have not been committed.

o The firmware status is not okay.
o The status of the internal storage1 is not okay.
o The sensor input voltages or control settings are not okay.
o The internal storage failed and data is being written to either the SD card, if present, or the
instrument's RAM, if no SD card is present. You will also see the Internal Storage Status listed
as Temporary Location on the Health page.

-OR-

The Force Power On button was pressed to force the Centaur to bypass the power supply
threshold settings and power up. Once the Force Power On button is pressed, the Power
LED will change from solid red to blinking yellow and then to blinking red.

5.2.2 Link LED

    Off

No Ethernet cable is connected.

-OR-

The unit is powered off.

1The device writes all of the data it receives to an internal storage. The internal storage works

like a ring buffer and it wraps around when it is full and records over the oldest data.

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    Solid green

Link established over the Ethernet cable.

    Flickering green / orange

Data is being transmitted or received over the Ethernet link.

    Flickering green

Link established over the Ethernet cable.

5.2.3 Time LED

    Off

The Centaur is powered off.

    Blinking yellow

The GPS receiver is initializing and attempting to acquire a lock. It will attempt to acquire a lock
after the Centaur powers up.

    Blinking green

The Centaur has synchronized to an accurate time.

    Blinking red

The GPS receiver is unlocked, the time uncertainty is >100 μs, and the GPS initialization stage is
past.

-OR-

No GPS antenna is connected, the GPS antenna is not drawing a current, or the antenna has poor
visibility of the open sky.

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5.2.4 Media LED

     Off

For more information, see Events Data Archive and Continuous Data Archive.

     Blinking yellow

Checking the status of the SD card.

     Blinking green

The SD card is archiving data/ready to archive data.

     Blinking red

The SD card is missing, full, or corrupt or it could not be prepared for use.

5.2.5 Sensor LEDs

The 3 channel model of the Centaur has one Sensor LED and the 6 channel model has two. In
addition to the Sensor LEDs, you can also view information about the sensors on the Health and
Sensors pages of the user interface.

    Off

The unit is powered off.

    Blinking yellow

    Blinking green

All three mass position values are between the high and low configurable threshold values.

    Blinking red

There is an error condition that could prevent the sensor from operating properly.

Possible problems could include the following:

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o At least one mass position value is above 2.5 V or below -2.5 V.

o One or more of the sensor control settings do not match the saved configuration settings for
that sensor.

5.2.6 USB Eject LED

The USB port is not currently supported for the Centaur for data archiving.

     Off

No USB device is detected.

     Blinking red

The USB device has been inserted and it is being prepared for use.

-OR-

The button next to the USB device has been pushed and the device is being prepared for safe
removal.

The buttons next to the SD card and the USB device have been pressed and held for more than 6
seconds and then released to initiate a safe shutdown of the Centaur. Both LEDs will blink red
while the Centaur is shutting down and then go off.

     Solid red

The USB device is ready to use or is being used and it is not safe to remove it.

It will turn from solid red to off after 10 minutes to save power.

     Solid green

The button next to the USB device has been pushed, the device has been prepared for safe
removal, and it is safe to remove the USB device.

If the USB device is not removed within 10 minutes after it has been prepared for safe removal and
the LED turns solid green, the device will be prepared for use again and the LED will turn to
blinking red.

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5.2.7 Media LED

     Off

For more information, see Events Data Archive and Continuous Data Archive.

     Blinking yellow

Checking the status of the SD card.

     Blinking green

The SD card is archiving data/ready to archive data.

     Blinking red

The SD card is missing, full, or corrupt or it could not be prepared for use.

5.3 Monitor Sensor Operation

Use the Sensor page to view the mass positions for each connected seismometer, as well as
voltage levels for external SOH inputs (if your Centaur has an external SOH input). See Applicable
Models.

Additionally, you can manage some aspects of seismometer operation, and access the Web
interface of a Nanometrics smart sensor on the Sensors page.

5.3.1 Seismometer Mass Position SOH

Each sensor port on the Centaur has three mass position seismometer SOH inputs and, if enabled,
the voltage levels of these inputs are recorded at the configured SOH report interval and displayed
on the Sensors page. The seismometer mass position SOH values are also included in the
Environment SOH group, which you can download from the Maintenance page.

You can edit the Sensor SOH settings for any custom sensor configurations that you create and
view the Sensor SOH settings for any of the default sensor configurations.

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5.3.2 External SOH Inputs

If your Centaur has an External SOH input and you have connected sensors to record analog SOH
signals (± 5V), you can see the external SOH values displayed on the Sensors page. The SOH input
provides three external SOH channels that record voltage levels at the configured External SOH
report interval.

External SOH values are included in the Environment SOH group, which you can download from the
Maintenance page.

This only applies to Centaur models that have an external SOH input. See applicable
models.

5.3.3 Control

Mass centring is a key function in the control section of the Sensor page. You can also temporarily
toggle the axis mode from UVX to XYZ for debugging purposes.

You can control some aspects of sensor operation using the controls on the Sensors page. Specific
control line settings are required to make some of the controls available and not all controls are
available for all sensor types.

If one or more of the sensor control settings do not match the saved configuration settings
for that sensor, the status of Unexpected will be displayed in the Data section of the
Health page. For example, Unexpected is displayed if the XYZ/UVW Mode configuration
setting for the sensor is set to XYZ but the sensor control is set to UVW.

Sensor mode (XYZ or UVW) is configured in Configuration > Sensor Library

See Calibrate Sensor for information on how to calibrate a sensor.

Displays the model and serial number of the attached sensor.

Accessing the Web interface of a Nanometrics smart sensor through the Centaur can cause
low levels of noise on the output signals of the sensor. When serial communication with the
sensor is enabled, the Web Interface generates a status error due to the generated noise.
Disable serial communications when you have completed debugging activities.

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Axis

The orientation of the sensor elements.

Control line settings:

o XYZ/UVW On=UVW

-OR-

XYZ/UVW Off=XYZ

UVW is the orientation for a symmetric triaxial seismometer.

Period

The operating mode of the sensor.

The lower corner of the seismometer response can be changed from the normal long-period (LP)
operating mode to a short-period (SP) response.

Changing to SP mode is useful when levelling the seismometer, allowing you to see the mass
positions quickly respond to changes in tilt, or once the seismometer is levelled, to allow the mass
positions to quickly settle. Be sure to leave the seismometer in long-period (LP) mode when
recording seismic signals.

Control line setting:

o SP/LP On=SP

-OR-

SP/LP Off=LP

This option may not be available for all sensors.

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Mass centre

Initiates automatic motorized re-levelling of the internal seismometer, and the re-centring of the
masses.

Centres the masses.

Control line setting:

o Mass Centre

This option may not be available for all sensors.

Mass lock

Locks or unlocks all masses.

Control line settings (one control line for each setting):

o Mass Lock

-OR-

Mass Unlock

This option may not be available for all sensors.

Automatic mass centring

Indicates whether automatic mass centring is enabled or disabled. Automatic mass centring is
disabled by default. You enable automatic mass centring in Configuration settings. For more
information, see Auto Mass Centring.

The Automatic mass centring field is visible only if you have configured a control line for
mass centring.

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5.3.4 Discovery

After you connect a Nanometrics smart sensor (such as a Trillium Compact or a Trillium Posthole)
to the Centaur and select it in the Sensor Library for Sensor A or B (6 channel model only), click
the Discover button on the Sensors page to detect it and load the smart sensor details.

After it has been detected, you can access the Web interface of the Nanometrics smart sensor by
changing the Serial setting to A or B and clicking the hyperlink in the name of the sensor.

Accessing the Web interface of a Nanometrics smart sensor through the Centaur can cause
low levels of noise on the output signals of the sensor. When serial communication with the
sensor is enabled, the Web Interface generates of status error due to the generated noise.
Disable serial communications when you have completed debugging activities.

5.4 Event Detection and Declaration

The channels of the Centaur continuously digitize time series data, which is recorded to the
internal storage1. You can configure the Centaur to stream this time series data to another
device or application and/or archive it on a removable media card. You can also download it from
the device using the options on the Maintenance page.

If you want the Centaur to detect and declare seismic events in addition to continuously recording
time series data, you have to enable a detector for one or more of the time series channels and
assign a number of votes to all channels with enabled detectors. The Centaur uses the detectors
combined with a voting system to declare an event. A detector is an algorithm that is applied to a
channel and is based on either a configured threshold value or a configured STA/LTA ratio. As soon
as the channel detector detects that the threshold value or STA/LTA ratio has been exceeded, it
generates a trigger for that channel. When the Centaur sees this trigger, it counts how many votes
are assigned to the channel that generated that trigger. If the number of votes are equal to or
higher than the configured number of required votes, an event is declared with the date and time
of the trigger. If not enough votes were received from the trigger, then the Centaur waits for
additional triggers for a configured period of time to allow for transmission latency. If not enough
votes are received within the configured period of time, the triggers are discarded and no event is
declared. If enough votes are received, an event is declared and written to the internal storage

1The device writes all of the data it receives to an internal storage. The internal storage works

like a ring buffer and it wraps around when it is full and records over the oldest data.

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and posted on the Events page. If configured, the time series data for the event is also written to
a removable media card.

Event declaration can happen locally using only the channels of the Centaur or it can happen
across a network between multiple devices if you enable the option to share triggers across a
network.

You can view information about the declared events on the Events page, download them locally
from devices in the network, and, if required, you can also manually declare an event. The
information on this page is updated each time you access the page or each time you manually
declare an event. You can check the Last updated information in the lower-right corner to see
the age of the data.

5.4.1 View and Manage Events

The Events page shows you the date and time of each event1 recorded in the internal storage2
as well as the peak ground motion data products, cause and source, and the number of triggers3
for that event. It also shows whether the event has been archived to the removable media or not.
If the Centaur has been configured to automatically archive events to an SD card, then all
declared events will be on the SD card as well as in the internal storage.

Download Archived Events

You can download locally to your computer any event that has been archived to the removable
SD card. The available formats depend on the configuration for the events data archive. To
download archived events, select the checkboxes next to the events you want to download and
then click Download

1Seismic activity that is detected and declared by the instrument using a voting system and

threshold values or STA/LTA trigger algorithms.

2The device writes all of the data it receives to an internal storage. The internal storage works

like a ring buffer and it wraps around when it is full and records over the oldest data.
3Messages generated by the instrument when the STA/LTA ratio for one or more channels go above

the configured trigger on ratio or when the configured threshold value is exceeded. Each trigger is
assigned a number of votes (on the source device) that it casts towards getting an event declared.

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The archived events are downloaded locally in a compressed file (.zip) that contains all available
formats.

You cannot download events that are only stored in the internal storage on the Events
page but you can retrieve data from the internal storage on the Maintenance page.

Download Events Using Secure FTP

You can log into the instrument with read-only access and download MiniSEED event data from the
SD card using a secure FTP1 connection and the FTP client application of your choice.

Once you have logged on to the instrument, you can locate MiniSEED event data in the following
location on the SD card:

o /var/archive/events

The instrument must have an SD card installed and the instrument must be configured to
archive data (see Events Data Archive and Continuous Data Archive) to use this feature.

You have to log on to the instrument using the calibration user account (user name:
calibration, password: calibrate) to download events via secure FTP.

We recommend that you change your password after you have logged on for the first time.
See Changing the Calibration Password.

Delete Archived Events

You cannot delete events that are only stored in the internal storage but you can delete any events
that have been archived to the removable SD card. You have two options for deleting events:

o You can select the checkboxes next to the events you want to delete and then click Delete.

-OR-

You can click the Delete all event archives button to delete all existing content on the SD
card.

1File Transfer Protocol

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You have to be logged on using the admin user account to delete all of the event archives
on the SD card and you have to confirm that you want to do it since this action cannot be
undone.

We recommend that you change your password after you have logged on for the first time.
See Changing the admin password.

5.4.2 Manually Declare Events

If you know that an event1 occurred but for some reason it was not declared as an event (for
example, not enough votes were cast to get an event declared or the voting threshold was set too
high), you can manually declare an event on the Events page. The manual declaration is based on
the historical data stored in the internal storage 2.

You have to log on using the admin user account before you can declare an event.

We recommend that you change your password after you have logged on for the first time.
See Changing the admin password.

The event will appear in the list of Events on the Events page as soon as you click Declare Event.
You will be able to download it and view the peak ground motion products for the event as soon as
it has been successfully retrieved from the internal storage. The Source column will help you
distinguish automatically declared events from any that have been declared manually (user).

5.5 View Seismic Waveforms in Near Real Time

You can see the ground vibrations recorded by the Centaur in near real time by viewing the
seismic waveforms on the Waveform page. One horizontal signal line is displayed for each channel
of the Centaur on a data plot with a time scale.

If the sensor needs to be calibrated, you can also perform a sensor calibration on this page using a
calibration signal file format.

1Seismic activity that is detected and declared by the instrument using a voting system and

threshold values or STA/LTA trigger algorithms.

2The device writes all of the data it receives to an internal storage. The internal storage works

like a ring buffer and it wraps around when it is full and records over the oldest data.

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5.5.1 View Waveform Data

The Waveform page shows a horizontal signal line, or trace, in near-real time for each channel of
the Centaur.

The trace represents the amplitude of the signal received by the Centaur after DC offset1
correction has been performed. The traces all begin and end at the same time and the starting
time is shown in the lower-left corner of the data plot with time increasing to the right. The
current time scale is shown at the bottom of the data plots between the current time and the plus
and minus buttons. You can click the plus and minus buttons to increase or decrease the time
scale.

o Click the pause button at the bottom of the data plot or click any of the
traces to pause the traces. The colour of the traces changes to blue when
paused.
o Click the rewind or fast forward button or click and drag the cursor on a
trace to move back and forward in time. The amount of data buffered will
limit how far back in time you can go.
o The SCNL2 and sample rate is shown in the upper-left corner of each trace
plot as well as the mean, RMS, minimum, and maximum. You can use the
mean value to configure the Channel offset setting.

5.5.2 Calibrate Sensor

The Centaur ships with the following calibration signal files:

o A 1 Hz sine wave with a 5 V peak for 30 s

o A step function that is 0 V for 15 s and then 5 V for 15 s
o A pseudo random binary (PRB) file

To use one of these signal files for calibration

1. Log on using the admin user account. See Logging on to the Web Interface.
2. Select a sensor from the Sensor list on the Waveform page (6 channel model only).

1The deviation from zero of the signal average over time. A signal should have a middle point at

zero to allow maximum dynamic range.

2Station Channel Network Location

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3. Select a file from the Signal File list.

4. Select the Attenuation from the list.
The Attenuation is the value used to attenuate the calibration signal You can use atten-
uation to select the range when lower amplitude signals are desired. For example, a more
accurate 5 mV signal is generated by selecting attenuation of 1000 and amplitude 5 V,
rather than attenuation of 1 and amplitude of 0.005 V.

5. Select Create event if you want the Centaur to create an event during the calibration.
The duration of this generated calibration event is based on the duration of the signal file
plus the pre- and post-event times. This event will be available for download on the Events
page when the calibration has finished.

6. Click the Start calibration button .

When calibration starts, a small signal offset might be generated for between 1-2 s, and
then the first sample of the calibration signal file is driven at the top of a second. That
second is at least 5 s after the Start calibration button has been clicked.

If you would prefer to create your own calibration signal file, you can do so using a raw
(headerless) file format and then you can use an SSH1-based file transfer protocol to
upload it to your Centaur so that it will be available for selection in the signal file list on
the Waveform page.

5.5.3 Calibration Signal File Format for the External Sensor

Use the file format information below to create a custom calibration signal file in an
uncompressed raw sample format and when you are done upload it to your Centaur. You can use
any software that can export raw (headerless) audio files, such as Audacity®, to create the custom
calibration signal file.

If you do not want to manually create a calibration signal file, we have provided you with a Ruby
script that you can use to create a raw signal file. You can download it by typing the following
path into the location bar of your browser: http://IPaddressofyourCentaur/calibration/create_
externalsensor_calibration_signal.rb

1Secure Shell

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When you run the script using Ruby, you have to specify the signal type (sine or step), the duration
in seconds, the amplitude in V, and a name for the output file. Once the file has been created,
upload it to your Centaur and then select it from the Signal File list on the Waveform page to
perform a calibration.

File Format Information

Format Uncompressed raw

Header None

Encoding Signed 16-bit integer

Byte order Little-endian1

Channels

Start 0 bytes
offset

Sample 30 000 Hz
rate

Output The maximum output signal (+5 V) corresponds to the maximum

signal value (32 767)

Value (2's complement) Output signal

-32768 (0x8000) +5V

0 (0x0000) 0V

32767 (0x7FFF) -5 V

5.5.4 Upload Custom Calibration Signal File

After you have created a custom calibration signal file, you can upload it to your Centaur using an
SSH2-based file transfer protocol such as SFTP3 or SCP4.

1In this order, the bytes of a multibyte value are ordered from least significant to most significant.
2Secure Shell
3SSH File Transfer Protocol
4Secure Copy

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File Transfer Protocol Information

Protocol SFTP or SCP

Host name IP address of your Centaur

Port number 22

User name calibration

Password calibrate

Upload location /usr/share/nanometrics/calibration

You will have to re-upload your

custom calibration signal file after
you upgrade the firmware of your
Centaur because it will be overwritten
during the upgrade process.

5.6 Perform Maintenance Tasks

From time to time, you might have to perform simple maintenance tasks to ensure that your
Centaur continues to operate correctly. These tasks include upgrading the firmware, and
retrieving time series, SOH, or response files from the Centaur's internal storage1 or archives on
the SD card. You can perform these tasks on the Maintenance page as well as download log files;
formatting or repairing the SD card, restart/shut down the Centaur; and reindex or re-create the
Centaur's internal storage.

You have to be logged in with the admin user account to perform any of the tasks on the
Maintenance page.

We recommend that you change your password after you have logged on for the first time.
See Changing the admin password.

You should only click Shutdown on the Maintenance page if you are in the same location as
the Centaur because it is not possible to power it up remotely.

1The device writes all of the data it receives to an internal storage. The internal storage works

like a ring buffer and it wraps around when it is full and records over the oldest data.

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5.6.1 Upgrade Firmware

Before you upgrade the firmware on your Centaur, refer to the release notes for the
specific firmware version for recommendations and special considerations.

The Delete button on the Maintenance page is used to delete the firmware installation
package. The actual firmware will not be deleted. If a firmware installation package does
not exist on internal storage, then the Delete button is disabled.

To upgrade or install your firmware, follow the procedure below:

1. Contact Nanometrics Technical Support to obtain the latest firmware upgrade package (.tgz
file) and download it to your computer.
2. Access the Web Interface for your Centaur and navigate to the Firmware section on the
Maintenance page.
3. If required, click the Commit button to make the active firmware permanent.

If the currently loaded firmware has already been committed the Commit button is
disabled. You can also verify if the firmware is committed from the Device section
on the Health page.

4. If the Available Firmware field displays the version number of a previously uploaded install-
ation package, click the Delete button to remove the installation package from your Cen-
taur. If no installation package is present, the Available Firmware list is disabled.

Only one installation package can be present on the Centaur. The previous version
must be deleted before you can upload the latest firmware installation package.

Deleting a previously uploaded firmware installation package will not affect the
operation of your Centaur.

5. Upload and commit the latest firmware to your Centaur:

a. Click the Choose file button to select the new firmware installation package to
upload to the Centaur.
b. Click the Upload button. A message will be displayed if the upload is successful.
c. Click the OK button to confirm the upload and select the release from the Available
firmware list.

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d. Click the Apply button to temporarily install the firmware. Your upgrade must be
applied before it can be committed. The progress of the installation is shown in the
installation log.

This operation will take several minutes. The Centaur will restart
automatically after it has completed installing the firmware. You should not
navigate away from the Maintenance page until the Centaur has completed
installing the firmware and the device has restarted.

e. After the Centaur has restarted, navigate to the Firmware section on the Main-
tenance page and click the Commit button to ensure the newly upgraded firmware is
installed.
6. The installation package is no longer required once the firmware has been committed to the
Centaur. Click the Delete button to remove the firmware installation package from your
Centaur.

Deleting the firmware installation package will not affect the operation of your
Centaur.

5.6.2 Retrieve Data from the Internal Storage

In addition to streaming data from the Centaur to a network device and archiving data to the
removable SD card, you can also retrieve time series and SOH data directly from the Centaur's
internal storage1 by downloading it from the Maintenance page to your computer.

When you specify the date and time range of the retrieval, remember that the internal storage
wraps around when it is full and records over the oldest data. The frequency with which the
internal storage wraps is shown in the Internal Storage section on the Health Page.

Only one data retrieval request can be run from one Centaur at any time. Any subsequent
retrieval requests will be processed when the current download has finished.

1The device writes all of the data it receives to an internal storage. The internal storage works

like a ring buffer and it wraps around when it is full and records over the oldest data.

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5.6.3 Download Log Files

If required for troubleshooting purposes, you can view and save the system logs for your Centaur
by clicking Log files in the Download files section on the Maintenance page.

5.6.4 Download Archive Files

If an SD card is present and configured to archive continuous and/or event data, and SOH data,
you can periodically download archive files.

From the Maintenance page, in the Download Files section, click Archive files.

The archive opens in a separate tab in your browser where you can select the files you wish to
download.

The .store directory on the SD card is the file system reserved by the Centaur for backup
storage. Do not delete the .store directory or modify files within the directory. The best
way to protect your data is to configure continuous archiving to your SD card. For more
information, see About Data Storage.

Continuous data are stored in directories labelled by date. Event data are contained in the events
directory. If you have enabled SOH in either or both continuous and event archives, you will see an
soh subdirectory in these archives.

Archive files can only be downloaded one file at a time using this method. As an
alternative, you can download multiple files using secure FTP and an FTP client of your
choice.

Downloading archived files from the SD card while it is in the SIU is very slow due to data
bus speed limitations. It is recommended that you retrieve data from the internal media
(Store) via the Maintenance page if it has not wrapped already, or by physically removing
the SD card and copying data directly onto a computer.

5.6.5 Download Channel Response Files

You can download channel response data directly from the instrument in IRIS RESP or dataless SEED
format. The response is based on the current instrument configuration.

1. From the Maintenance page, in the Channel Response section, select the desired file
format from the Choose response file format drop down list.

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2. Click the Download button.

A zip file containing one response file for each channel will be downloaded to your browser's
download location.

5.6.6 Removable Media

The Removable Media section on the Maintenance page provides:

o information about the status and the percentage of memory used on your SD card.
o the ability to remotely re-format your SD card in FAT32 or ext4 format.
o a repair function that runs a file system check on your SD card.

Format SD Card

Format your SD card by selecting either FAT32 or ext4 and clicking Format on the Maintenance
page. Any data on your SD card is permanently deleted and a new file system is set up for reading
and writing data.

It will take significantly longer to format SD cards as ext4.

Repair SD Card

When you repair your SD card by clicking the Repair button on the Maintenance page, Centaur
runs a file system check on your SD card and repairs the file system, if possible.

5.6.7 Perform Maintenance on the Internal Storage

Typically, you only need to perform internal storage maintenance tasks when instructed to do so
by Nanometrics Technical Support for troubleshooting purposes. These tasks involve using Internal
Storage Tools on the Maintenance page to reindex or re-create the data Store, which is located in
internal storage media. For more information about internal storage, see About Data Storage.

Reindexing the Store

To reindex the Store, which is located on the internal storage media, click Reindex on the
Maintenance page. The index within the Store is recalculated and synchronized with the actual

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data that is available. Reindexing might take a long time depending on how much data is in the
Store. Data will continue to be generated during reindexing and will not be lost.

Re-creating the Store

To re-create the Store, click Re-create on the Maintenance page. All data in the Store is
permanently deleted and a new Store is created.

In the event of internal storage failure

In the event of internal storage failure, the Status LED flashes red on the instrument and there will
be a warning message on the Health page indicating that data is being written to a temporary
location. In this case the temporary location is either the SD card, if present, or RAM if no SD card
is present.

The instrument reserves 500 MB of space on the SD card for backup storage. When backup storage
on the SD card reaches capacity, the Centaur overwrites the oldest data in the pre-allocated
backup file system. The backup storage does not overwrite data in the SD card's continuous or
event archive(s).

A smaller store in RAM is reserved for backup storage. The backup Store in RAM is primarily used to
backfill a limited amount of data lost during network outages for deployments using continuous
streaming.

Any configured streamers are unaffected by internal storage failure.

What should I do?

o Download files from your SD card to minimize data loss.

o Contact Nanometrics Technical Support. Support staff will instruct you about your next
steps, which may involve re-indexing or re-creating the Store, or replacing your flash stor-
age media.

5.6.8 Restart/Shut Down a Centaur

Read the information in this topic carefully before you shut down or restart your Centaur from the
Maintenance page.

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Shut Down a Centaur

You should only click Shutdown on the Maintenance page if you are in the same location as
the Centaur because it is not possible to power it up remotely.

You have to shut down a Centaur before you disconnect the power to avoid potential data
corruption and the possibility of a lengthy reindexing of the internal storage on restart.

When you click Shutdown, all data files are closed and saved and the Web server is shut down so
that no data is lost when the power is disconnected. You can disconnect the power to the Centaur
when all of the LEDs on the case have turned off.

Restart a Centaur

In general, you should only click Restart on the Maintenance page if instructed to do so by a
Nanometrics representative for troubleshooting purposes. Some data loss will occur while the
Centaur is restarting.

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6.0 Application Program Interfaces (APIs)

The following HTTP-based APIs are available for the Centaur.

l Data Availability API

l FDSN-WS Data Retrieval API
l Nanometrics Data Retrieval API
l State of Health API
l Instrument Response API

Syntax

l Unless indicated otherwise, all parameters are optional. Optional values are given in the
format {a|b}. The curly braces and vertical bar indicate the options and are not part of the
API request.
l Note that APIs where all parameters are optional require the use of at least one parameter
to return data.
l The use of bold-italics indicates the default value of an optional parameter.

6.1 Data Availability API

The Data Availability API provides the means for custom scripts and applications to retrieve data
availability information from Centaur. Requested data is defined by selecting a base URI to
determine the data source (band or channel). The data is further defined by selecting data source,
data type and time option parameters. The response data is provided in JSON format and indicates
ranges of time for which contiguous data is available on the instrument's primary, internal media.

BASE URIs

Use the following URI to return data from a device using the bandId/instrumentID parameter.

/api/v1/bands/availability.json

Use the following URI to return data from a device using the channels parameter.

/api/v1/channels/availability.json

.json is part of the base URIs. If you specify any parameters, you must remove .json from
the API request.

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Parameters

type

Use this parameter to specify data type.

Format: type={all|timeSeries}

Select

l all to return all data types.

l timeSeries to return only timeSeries data.

Example snippet: type=all

bandId/instrumentID

Use this parameter to specify a band or instrument data source.

Format1: bandId=instrumentId_SN/band/timeSeries1

Example snippet: /api/v1/bands/availability?bandId=mc-ph1_

0107/band/timeSeries...

Format2:dataSource={instrumentId_SN|NX.STN}

Example snippet: /api/v1/bands/availability?dataSource=centaur-3_

0007&type=timeseries...

Notes:

l Network.Station format only works with SEEDLink bands.

l Binder lookups are not performed.
l Multiple bandId parameters or instrumentID parameters are permitted.

channels

Use this parameter to specify a channel data source. Note that a binder is required.

Format: channels={NX.STN.*}

Example snippet:
/api/v1/channels/availability?channels=XX.*.*.*&type=timeseries...

Notes:

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l Uses channel naming configuration in internal Binder.

l If this parameter is omitted, information for all available channels is returned .
l SOH channels return a modifier on the end of the channel name to differentiate between
potentially different data that is available for different SOH types.
l Refer to “Channel list” in the Apollo Server User Guide for the format for specifying SCNL
elements in a filter.

view

Use this parameter to trim returned data.

Format: view=trimmed

Example snippet: view=trimmed

Notes:

l Time ranges are trimmed to the time defined by the Time parameter.
l Sequence numbers are removed.

Time

Use this parameter to specify the ISO8601 time option.

Format: {start|end}Time=yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss.sssZ

Select:

l start to define the start time for retrieving data using the ISO8601 standard.
l end to define the end time for retrieving data using the ISO8601 standard.

Example snippet: startTime=yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss.sssZ

Notes:

l Milliseconds (.sss) are optional.

l Time is expressed in accordance with the ISO8601 standard.
l The Z indicates UTC (Zulu) time zone, non-UTC time zones are not supported.
l If you do not specify an end time, then it is assumed that the end time is the current time.

Millis

Use this parameter to specify the Milliseconds time option.

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Format: {start|end}Millis=#############

Select:

l start to define the start time for retrieving data in Milliseconds.

l end to define the end time for retrieving data in Milliseconds.

Example snippet: startMillis=1371686400000&endMillis=1371772800000

Notes:

l Since 1970
l If you do not specify an end time, then it is assumed that the end time is the current time.

Nanos

Use this parameter to specify the Nanoseconds time option.

Format: {start|end}Nanos=###################

Select:

l start to define the start time for retrieving data in Nanoseconds.

l end to define the end time for retrieving data in Nanoseconds.

Example snippet: startNanos=1371686400000000000&endNanos=1371772800000000000

Notes:

l Since 1970
l If you do not specify an end time, then it is assumed that the end time is the current time.

Examples

This section provides examples of requests. Availability information for the requested data source
and time period (or all if unspecified) is returned. The date and time in the returned data is in
ISO8601 format, including nanoseconds. For instance, the combined date and time format is 2013-
06-25T10:32.26.000000000Z.

Note that "ranges" in output indicate gaps in the data. Several ranges in an output could indicate a
problem.

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bandId/instrumentId

http://10.10.10.10/api/v1/bands/availability?type=timeseries&startTime=2013-06-
21T12:00:00.000Z

http://10.10.10.10/api/v1/bands/availability?dataSource=centaur-3_
0007&type=timeseries&startTime=2013-06-21T00:00:00Z

http://10.10.10.10/api/v1/bands/availability?dataSource=centaur-3_
0007&type=timeseries&startMillis=1371686400000&endMillis=1371772800000

Trimmed example of the JSON data returned for bandId/instrumentId (... indicates
where the data would continue)

“availability”: [

“id”: “titanSMA_0069/band/timeSeries1”, “ranges”: [

“startTime”: “2013-06-18T17:03:31.180000000Z”,

“endTime”: “2013-06-19T15:01:44.035000000Z”

},

“startTime”: “2013-06-19T15:01:59.350000000Z”,

“endTime”: “2013-06-19T22:27:50.760000000Z”

},

“id”: “titanSMA_0069/band/timeSeries2”, “ranges”: [

...

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channels

http://10.10.10.10/api/v1/channels/availability?type=timeseries&startTime=2013-06-
21T12:00:00.000Z

http://10.10.10.10/api/v1/channels/availability?channels=XX.*.*.*&type=timeseries&startTime=2
013-06-21T00:00:00Z

http://10.10.10.10/api/v1/channels/availability?channels=!XX.*.*.*&type=timeseries&star
tMillis=1371686400000&endMillis=1371772800000

Trimmed example of the JSON data returned for channels (... indicates where the data
would continue

“availability”: [

“id”: “CI.ADO/BHZ”, “ranges”: [

“startTime”: “2013-06-18T17:03:31.180000000Z”,

“endTime”: “2013-06-19T15:01:44.035000000Z”

},

“startTime”: “2013-06-19T15:01:59.350000000Z”,

“endTime”: “2013-06-19T22:27:50.760000000Z”

},

“id”: “CI.ADO/BHN”, “ranges”: [

...

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6.2 Web Service data download interface (FDSN-WS)

This web service interface allows you to download time series seismic data and SOH data in
MiniSEED format. The API is compliant with FDSN-WS Specifications version 1.1. See
www.fdsn.org/webservices/FDSN-WS-Specifications-1.1.pdf for complete details.

The fdsnws-dataselect service currently supports the following methods:

l query
l version
l application.wadl

The following required parameters of fdsnws-dataselect service are supported:

l starttime
l endtime
l network
l station
l location
l channel

The following optional parameters are not supported at this time.

l quality
l minimumlength
l longestonly
l format
l nodata

Example snippet:
/fdsnws/dataselect/1/query?network=XX&station=S0001&location=*&channel=ZZ
Z&starttime=2015-05-20T18:21:00.000&endtime=2015-05-20T18:22:00.000

6.3 Nanometrics data retrieval API

This API allows you to download seismic data or SOH data from a Centaur.

This API has been deprecated. We recommend that you use the FDSN-WS Data Retrieval
API.

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BASE URI

/retrieval

Parameters

Group

Use this parameter to select either seismic data or SOH data to download.

Format: Group={TIME_SERIES|SOH}

Select:

l TIME_SERIES to download seismic data.

l SOH to download State-of-Health data.

Example snippet: Group=TIME_SERIES

Notes:

l The TIME_SERIES option is required if you wish to use the TIME_SERIES_[n] parameter.
l The SOH option is required if you wish to use the ENVIRONMENT, TIMING, or TRIGGER
parameters.

TIME_SERIES_[n]

Use this sub-parameter to select time series data if you have specified the TIME_SERIES group.

Format: TIME_SERIES_[n]=true; where n=the channel number

Select true to download time series data for the defined channel.

Example snippet: TIME_SERIES_1=true&TIME_SERIES_2=true&TIME_SERIES_3=true

Notes:

l You can only use this parameter if you have specified the TIME_SERIES group.
l At least one channel must be defined. If you do not define a channel an HTTP 500 error stat-
ing that "no channels were selected" will result.
l One or more channels may be included in each request.

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l The available channels are as follows:

l Centaur3: TimeSeries1/2/3, 1/2/3/101/102/103 with secondary channels enabled.
l Centaur6: TimeSeries1/2/3/4/5/6, 1/2/3/4/5/6/101/102/103/104/105/106 with
secondary channels enabled.
l The number of channels available depends on the Centaur model and configuration.
l The SCNL information included in the MiniSEED file is defined in the Channel Naming sec-
tion.

ENVIRONMENT

Use this sub-parameter to retrieve environment SOH data if you have specified the SOH group.

Format: ENVIRONMENT=true

Select true to download environment SOH data for the defined time range.

Example snippet: ENVIRONMENT=true

Notes:

l You can only use this parameter if you have specified the SOH group.
l This parameter can be called with the TIMING and TRIGGER parameters.
l Several SOH groups may be selected and multiple groups can be downloaded in a single
request.
l Refer to SOH Groups for a listing of the data available for each SOH group.

TIMING

Use this sub-parameter to retrieve timing SOH data if you have specified the SOH group.

Format: TIMING=true

Select true to download timing SOH data for the defined time range.

Example snippet: TIMING=true

Notes:

l You can only use this parameter if you have specified the SOH group.
l This parameter can be called with the ENVIRONMENT and TRIGGER parameters.
l Several SOH groups may be selected and multiple groups can be downloaded in a single

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request.
l Refer to SOH Groups for a listing of the data available for each SOH group.

TRIGGER 

Use this sub-parameter to retrieve environment SOH data if you have specified the SOH group.

Format: TRIGGER=true

Select true to download trigger SOH data for the defined time range.

Example snippet: TRIGGER=true

Notes:

l You can only use this parameter if you have specified the SOH group.
l This parameter can be called with the ENVIRONMENT and TIMING parameters.
l Several SOH groups may be selected and multiple groups can be downloaded in a single
request.
l Refer to SOH Groups for a listing of the data available for each SOH group.

Millis

Use this parameter to define the start and end time for the seismic or SOH data.

Format: {start|end}Millis=<{start|end} time in milliseconds since epoch>

Select:

l start to define the start time for retrieving data in Milliseconds.

l end to define the end time for retrieving data in Milliseconds.

Example snippet: startMillis=<start time in milliseconds since epoch>

SOH Groups

Environment SOH Timing SOH Triggers SOH

Supply voltage Location Start time

Total current GPS receiver status Duration

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Environment SOH Timing SOH Triggers SOH

Temperature GPS satellites used Channel

Timing status Votes

Timing phase lock

Timing uncertainty

6.4 State of Health API

Use this API to retrieve the current status of all SOH channels on the specified instrument in JSON
format. This API also allows you to share the information with other applications such as external
reporting tools.

BASE URI

/api/v1/instruments/soh

Parameters

instrumentId

Use this parameter to specify the target instrument.

Format: instrumentId=[instrumentId]

Example snippet: instrumentId=centaur-6_0242

Notes:

l If you do not specify an instrument, the instrument will report its own SOH.

pretty

Use this parameter to retrieve the data in human-readable format.

Format: pretty={true|false}

Select:

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l true to output the requested data in human-readable format.

l false to output the requested data in machine language.

Example snippet: pretty=true

6.5 Instrument response API

Use this API to download overall instrument response. The response is based on the current
instrument configuration. For Centaur the sensor library contains response information for all
Nanometrics and some third party sensors. Nanometrics can include sensor response for additional
third party sensors. Contact techsupport@nanometrics.ca for more details.

BASE URIs

Use the following URI to return a dataless SEED file.

/api/v1/responses/channels.dataless

Use the following URI to return an IRIS RESP file.

/api/v1/responses/channels.resp

Use the following URI to return a JSON file.

/api/v1/responses/channels.JSON

Parameters

allInOne

Use this parameter to gather all of the channel response files into one file for downloading.

Format: allInOne={true|false}

Select:

l true to return a zip file of all channel response files.

l false to return a separate response file for each channel.

Example snippet: allInOne=true

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7.0 Reference Information

This section contains information on everything from technical specifications to physical features
and dimensions.

7.1 Technical Specifications

The Centaur provides one or two three-channel banks of high performance 24-bit digital recorders,
each model designated as a three- or six-channel Centaur. The two types of digital recorder banks
available are the Standard digital recorder model with inputs designed for active-output
instruments such as broadband seismometers, and the High-Gain digital recorder model designed to
record signals from passive output sensors such as geophones. A six-channel Centaur may have one
bank of each type or both banks of the same type.

The specifications for the Centaur are listed in the following tables:

Sensor Inputs Data Streaming

Sensor Compatibility Timing

Digitizer Performance Communications

Calibration Local User Interface

External SOH Inputs Connectors

Recording (Continuous) Power

Recording (Events) Power Usage

Data Retrieval Physical Characteristics

7.1.1 Sensor Inputs

Channels

One or two banks of 3-channel high-performance 24-bit digital recorders:

l standard digital recorder option: 3 or 6 channels optimized for active-output broadband seis-
mometers
l high-gain digital recorder option: 3 or 6 channels designed for passive-output sensors such as
geophones

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A 6-channel Centaur may have one 3-channel bank of each type (standard and high-gain) or both
banks of the same type.

Sampling

Simultaneous on all 3 or 6 channels

Resolution

24 bits per channel, full 24-bit range to clip level

Input Impedance

40 kΩ (Standard digital recorder model)

1.8 MΩ (High-Gain digital recorder model)

Input Voltage Range

Standard digital recorder model:

l 40 V, 20 V, 10 V, 4 V, 2 V, 1 V peak-to-peak differential, software selectable

High-Gain digital recorder model:

l 10V, 5V, 2.5V, 1V, 0.5V, 0.25V peak-to-peak differential, software selectable

7.1.2 Sensor Compatibility

Sensor Types

Broadband active seismometers for Standard digital recorder model

Short period passive seismometers and geophones for High-Gain digital recorder model

Control Lines

6 per sensor input - typically used for Cal enable, mass centre, mass lock/unlock, and selecting
XYZ/UVW

Configurable logic level:

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l High: 5 V, 12 V, open drain

l Low: 0, open drain

Configurable assert and de-assert behaviour is consistent across all control lines

Sensor Power

Supply power pass-through to sensor (9-36 VDC, 1A). Over-current and surge protected

Serial Interface

Supports digital management of Nanometrics sensors

7.1.3 Digitizer Performance

Type

True 24-bit ADC per channel

Preamp Gain

Standard digital recorder model:

Gain Gain (dB) Input voltage Clip Sensitivity

range

1x 0 dB 40 Vpp ±20.97 V 0.4 counts/µV

2x 6 dB 20 Vpp ±10.48 V 0.8 counts/µV

4x 12 dB 10 Vpp ±5.24 V 1.6 counts/µV

10x 20 dB 4 Vpp ±2.10 V 4 counts/µV

20x 26 dB 2 Vpp ±1.05 V 8 counts/µV

40x 32 dB 1 Vpp ±0.524 V 16 counts/µV

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High-gain digital recorder model:

Gain Gain (dB) Input voltage Clip Sensitivity

range

4x 12 dB 10 Vpp ±5.24 V 1.6 counts/µV

8x 18 dB 5 Vpp ±2.62 V 3.2 counts/µV

16x 24 dB 2.5 Vpp ±1.31 V 6.4 counts/µV

40x 32 dB 1 Vpp ±0.524 V 16 counts/µV

80x 38 dB 0.5 Vpp ±0.262 V 32 counts/µV

160x 44 dB 0.25 Vpp ±0.131 V 64 counts/µV

Sample Rates

1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 40, 50, 80, 100, 200, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, and 5000 sps

Dual Sample Rates

A second sample rate can be selected from the sample rates above

Low-pass Filter

Filter type: Linear phase (contact Nanometrics for other options)

Attenuation: 140 dB at output Nyquist, 0 dB at 80% Nyquist frequency

Digital Filters

Low-pass and high-pass high-quality digital filters, independently user configurable from first to
fifth order with corner frequencies from 0.1 mHz to 50% of sample rate.

Different filters may be independently configured for primary and secondary sample rates and for
the Sensor A and Sensor B channel banks on 6-channel Centaurs.

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Accuracy

Sensitivity accurate to ±0.5%

Dynamic Range

Standard digital recorder model:

142 dB @ 100 sps, 135 dB @ 500 sps (40 Vpp range)

High-Gain digital recorder model:

142 dB @ 100 sps, 135 dB @ 500 sps (10 Vpp range)

Noise Floor (typical) — Shorted Input (RMS)

Standard digital recorder model:

Sample rate (sps) @ 40 Vpp input range (μV) @ 2 Vpp input range (μV)

10 0.71 0.28

100 1.7 0.45

200 2.4 0.55

500 3.7 0.83

1000 5.2 1.2

High-Gain digital recorder model:

Sample rate (sps) @ 10 Vpp input range (μV) @ 0.5 Vpp input range (μV)

10 150 20

100 430 46

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High-Gain digital recorder model:

Sample rate (sps) @ 10 Vpp input range (μV) @ 0.5 Vpp input range (μV)

200 600 63

500 930 100

1000 1310 140

7.1.4 Calibration

Signal Source

16-bit DAC with 30 ksps output

Attenuation

Attenuate the calibration signal by the specified value. Options are 1, 10, 100, 1000. Factory
default is 1.

Waveforms

Playback audio files created in standard .wav file editors

o Step and 1 Hz sine provided

o User installed custom waveforms
o Pseudo random binary (PRB)

7.1.5 External State-Of-Health (SOH) Inputs

This only applies to Centaur models that have an external SOH input. See applicable
models.

Channels

3 single-ended ±5V inputs, 50 kΩ input impedance

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Sampling

Configurable from 60 to 3600 seconds, non-simultaneous

Resolution

18 bits effective resolution

7.1.6 Recording (Continuous)

Formats

MiniSEED 1, Nanometrics NP2

Internal Storage

8 GB flash memory (other capacities available upon request)

Removable Media

SD card up to 64 GB

7.1.7 Recording (Events)

Triggers

Bandpassed STA/LTA or threshold

Captured Data

Recorded on SD card: MiniSEED 3, ASCII4 (COSMOS, SMC, Text)

1A version of SEED data which only contains waveform data. No station or channel metadata is

included.
2A packet format developed by Nanometrics that is used for the transmission of data.
3A version of SEED data which only contains waveform data. No station or channel metadata is

included.
4American Standard Code for Information Interchange

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Data Products

Peak Ground Motion (PGA, PGD, PGV) statistics available on instrument for connected
accelerometers

7.1.8 Data Retrieval

File Transfer

via Ethernet, Wi-Fi, or Ethernet-connected DSL, cellular, VSAT, radio

Media Exchange

SD card field-swappable during continuous recording with no loss of data

7.1.9 Data Streaming

Continuous

Seismic data and State-of-Heath data

Data Formats

SEEDLink (optional) or NP1 (standard)

Events

Triggered event data: email, secure file transfer, other options available

7.1.10 Timing

Timing System

Internal DCXO clock disciplined to GPS

External PTP v1 (IEEE 1588-2002) timing source (optional firmware, please contact Nanometrics.)

1A packet format developed by Nanometrics that is used for the transmission of data.

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Timing Accuracy

<100 µs (with GPS power mode set to Duty cycled)

<5 µs (with GPS power mode set to Always on)

<500 μs (using external PTP v1 (IEEE 1588-2002) timing source on local LAN)

GPS Receiver

Internal 12-channel receiver

GPS Power

Selectable: Always on or Duty cycled

PTP (optional)

High-precision network timing via Nanometrics PTP Master on same LAN (IEEE 1588-2002)

7.1.11 Communications

Web-based UI

Supports standard PC, tablet, and mobile platforms

Provided via onboard Web server

Use Web Interface for:

l State-of-health, waveform, and sensor monitoring

l Viewing event information and downloading events
l Calibration, configuration, and maintenance

Interfaces

10/100 Base-T Ethernet, WiFi (optional)

IP Addressing

Static IP, dynamic (DHCP), or link-local IP address

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Protocols

UDP/IP (unicast/multicast) or HTTP-based streaming

7.1.12 Local User Interface

Removable Media

SD card protected in waterproof media bay. Media eject button and LED ensures gap-free swapping

External Status LEDs

System status, Ethernet link, Time quality, Media card status, and Sensor A & B state-of-health

Buttons

Wi-Fi wake-up, media eject, system shutdown

7.1.13 Connectors

Sensor

26-pin, shell size 16, female

MIL-C-26482 Series 1

Recommended mate: Souriau 851-06A16-26P

Power

3-pin, shell size 8, male

MIL-C-26482G Series 1

Recommended mate: Souriau 851-06JC8-3AS

Ethernet

Watertight RJ-45 connector

USB

USB 2.0 type A receptacle behind media bay door

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Recommended mate: USB 2.0 type A, male

GPS Antenna

TNC 1 female with 3.3 V supply for active antenna

External State-Of-Health (SOH)

4-pin, shell size 8, female

MIL-C-26482 Series 1

Recommended mate: Souriau 851-06JC8-4PW

This only applies to Centaur models that have an external SOH input. See applicable
models.

7.1.14 Power

Power Supply

9-36 V DC isolated input

Protection

Electronic resettable fuse design

Reverse battery and short circuit protection

Battery Manager

User-configurable low voltage shutdown and restart thresholds

Grounding

Grounding lug screw and wire included

7.1.15 Power Usage

GPS duty-cycled, recording to internal media.

1Threaded Neill-Concelman

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Standard power usage for each digital recorder type

l 3-channel standard digital recorder: 1.0 W

l 6-channel standard digital recorder: 1.6 W
l 3-channel high-gain digital recorder: 1.2 W
l 6-channel high-gain digital recorder: 2.0 W
l 3-channel standard & 3-channel high-gain combined digital recorder: 1.8 W

If you have:

o Ethernet connected, add 300 mW to the above numbers.

o GPS always on, add 400 mW to the above numbers.
o For each set of 3 high-gain channels, add 200 mW to the above numbers.

7.1.16 Physical Characteristics

Housing

Aluminum

Surface resistant to corrosion, scratches, and chips

Weather Resistance

Rated to IP-68 with connectors mated or capped (48 hours immersion at 2 m depth)

Humidity

0 to 100%

Operating Temperature

-20°C to +60°C

Storage Temperature

-40°C to +70°C

Weight

1.9 kg (3-channel), 2.0 kg (6-channel)

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Size

Length: 196 mm

Width: 137 mm

Height: 88 mm

7.2 SOH channels in Steim compressed formats

The Centaur stores selected SOH channels in Steim compressed formats. This data can be retrieved
from the internal storage, streamed via SEEDLink or downloaded in MiniSEED format via the
Maintenance page.

Code Description Units Notes

EX1 External SOH channels microvolts

1 to 3
EX2

EX3

LCE Absolute clock phase microseconds The difference between the digitizer clock and
error the GPS receiver. When GPS value is off or
unlocked, as indicated by GST, the LCE value
will be 0.

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Code Description Units Notes

LCQ Clock quality A heuristic time quality value that can be

defined as follows:

l 100% means that the system locked to

GPS with time error < 5 μs
l 90% signifies an estimated time error of <
100 μs (GPS duty cycling, or coarse
locked)
l 70% signifies an estimated time error of <
200 μs (GPS coarse locked or system free
running)
l <70% decrements from 70% by 1% for each
hour free running
l 0% means that the system has never
locked or been free running for more
than 70 hours

VCO VCO control voltage (for raw DAC

timing oscillator) counts

VEC Digitizer system milliamps

current

VM1 Sensor SOH channels 1 microvolts This value typically represents mass position.
to 6
VM2 l VM1 to 3 for Sensor A SOH 1 to 3

VM3 l VM4 to 6 for Sensor B SOH 1 to 3

VM4 For Nanometrics seismometers:

VM5 l VM1/VM4 = W axis

l VM2/VM5 = V axis
VM6
l VM3/VM6 = U axis

Note that SOH channels 4 to 6 are only available

on 6-channel Centaur models.

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Code Description Units Notes

VPB Digitizer buffer percent This value is typically 100% once the buffer is
used full.

GNS GPS number of The number of satellites used by the timing

satellites used solution. If the GPS receiver status is off as
indicated by GST, the last known value is
preserved.

GLA GPS latitude microdegrees

GLO GPS longitude microdegrees

GEL GPS elevation micrometres

GST GPS status 0=off, 1=unlocked, 2=locked

GPL GPS PLL status 0=no lock, 1=coarse lock, 2=fine lock, 3=free
running

VDT Digitizer system millidegrees

temperature Celsius

VEI Input system voltage millivolts

GAN GPS antenna status 0=ok, 1=no antenna, 2=antenna short

7.3 Wi-Fi Access to the Centaur

If you need to access the Web interface of a Centaur that is not connected via Ethernet to the
Internet or a laptop, you can create a Wi-Fi connection to the device using the optional USB Wi-Fi
Accessory Kit and access it using a Wi-Fi device.

The kit contains a USB Wi-Fi dongle that you can install permanently (using the O-ring and Media
Bay dome cover supplied in the kit) or use temporarily depending on your needs. The Wi-Fi
connection is only activated when the Wake button on the Centaur is pressed. Wi-Fi access to the
Centaur is automatically disabled after the Wi-Fi connection has been idle for more than 5 minutes

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or when the device is shut down or restarted. It is also disabled when the USB eject button is
pressed (used for safe removal of the dongle).

1. Accessing the Web interface of the Centaur over Wi-Fi can cause low
levels of noise in the digitized data.
2. Ensure your Wi-Fi device is at least one metre from the Centaur to
achieve reliable communications.

At a high level, you have to perform the following steps to access the Centaur over Wi-Fi:

1. Remove the Media Bay cover.

2. Insert the USB Wi-Fi dongle and then press the Wake button to activate the Wi-Fi.

You can also press the Wake button before you insert the USB Wi-Fi dongle but you have to
insert the dongle within 4 minutes of pressing the button.

3. Select the Centaur wireless network on your Wi-Fi device and type the password w1f1admin
to connect to it.

We recommend that you change your password after you have logged on
for the first time. See Changing the admin password.

The name of the wireless network is centaur-3_XXXX or centaur-6_XXXX, where XXXX is the
serial number of the device.

4. Type http://centaur or http://192.168.77.1 into your browser to access the Web interface
of the Centaur.

When you have finished accessing the Web interface, press the USB eject button and
wait until the USB eject LED turns solid green before you remove the USB Wi-Fi
dongle and replace the Media Bay cover. If you are installing the dongle
permanently, you do not need to press the USB eject button but you do need to
place the O-ring onto the Media Bay dome cover (both supplied in the USB Wi-Fi
Accessory Kit) and screw the dome into the Media Bay slot to protect the Media Bay
from the elements.

7.4 Connectors and Pinouts

This section does not include pinouts for industry standard connectors. See the Technical
Specifications Technical Specifications for the full list of connectors.

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o Power connector
o Sensor connector
o External SOH Input Pinout

7.4.1 Power Connector Receptacle and Pinout

Connector type:

o 3-pin, shell size 8

o MIL-C-26482G Series 1

Recommended mating connector:

o Souriau 851-06JC8-3AS

Pin Name Function

A PWR Raw (battery) power in (9 V

to 36 V DC)

B CHGND Internal connection to chassis

ground

C PWR_RTN Raw power return

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7.4.2 Sensor Connector and Pinout

Connector type:
o 26-pin, shell
size 16,
female
o MIL-C-26482
Series 1

Recommended
mating connector:

o Souriau 851-
06A16-26P

Pin Name Function Details

U CH1+ Channel 1 input ±20 V, differential

C CH1-

B CH1_GND Channel 1 ground/shield Connected to shield

ground

A CH2+ Channel 2 input ±20 V, differential

S CH2-

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Pin Name Function Details

T CH2_GND Channel 2 ground/shield Connected to shield

ground

a CH3+ Channel 3 input ±20 V, differential

P CH3-

R CH3_GND Channel 3 ground/shield Connected to shield

ground

K SEN_SOH1 Sensor state of health ±10 V, single-ended

input signals
Referenced to DGND
X SEN_SOH2

J SEN_SOH3

H SEN_CTRL1 Sensor control signal 0 V / 5 V / 12 V / high

outputs impedance
W SEN_CTRL2
Referenced to DGND

G SEN_CTRL3

Z SEN_CTRL4

c SEN_CTRL5

Y SEN_CTRL6

N SEN_CAL1 Sensor calibration signal ±5 V single ended

outputs
Referenced to DGND in
M SEN_CAL2
voltage mode

L SEN_CAL3

V DGND Digital ground Digital ground

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Pin Name Function Details

F SEN_V+ Sensor power supply Filtered, unregulated

voltage

E SEN_V- Reserved for future use

D SEN_RTN Sensor power return Switched, overcurrent

protected

b CHGND Chassis

7.4.3 External SOH Input Pinout

This only applies to Centaur models that have an external SOH input. See applicable
models.

Connector type (on chassis):

o 4-pin, shell size 8, female

o MIL-C-26482 Series 1

Required mating connector:

o MIL-C connector, 4-pin, shell size 8, male

o Souriau 851-06JC8-4PW

Pin Name Function

A Channel 1 Channel 1 input

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Pin Name Function

B Channel 2 Channel 2 input

C Channel 3 Channel 3 input

D GND Ground reference for SOH input

7.4.4 Making the Ethernet Cable Connector Waterproof

If required for your application, you can make the Ethernet cable connector on the Centaur
waterproof by installing a sealing plug onto the end of the Ethernet cable.

To perform this task, you need

o The Ethernet cable sealing plug that was shipped in the box with the Centaur
o A crimping tool
o A wire cutter/stripper tool
o An Ethernet cable
o An Ethernet cable connector (RJ45)

To complete this task

1. Cut the RJ45 connector off of the end of the Ethernet cable and dispose of it.
2. Thread all three parts of the Ethernet cable sealing plug separately onto the Ethernet cable
in the following order: sealing nut, coupling nut, body.

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3. Crimp a new RJ45 connector onto the end of the Ethernet cable in accordance with the
EIA/TIA T568B wiring diagram for a Cat 5 cable.
4. Press the tab down into the groove on the RJ45 connector and slide the body of the Ethernet
cable sealing plug down onto it.
5. Fit the coupling nut onto the body and move it to the end near the RJ45 connector.
6. Thread the sealing nut onto the other end of the body and tighten it.

After you have tightened the sealing nut, it should not be possible to slide the cable
through the Ethernet cable sealing plug: there should be no movement at all.

7. Plug the Ethernet cable into the Ethernet connector on the Centaur, thread the coupling nut
on to the Ethernet connector, and tighten it to seal the entire connection.

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7.5 Physical Features and Dimensions

Refer to the following figures to view the features and dimensions. All dimensions in the figures
are in millimetres unless otherwise stated.

o Top View
o Side View
o View of External Connectors
o View of Open Media Bay Door

7.5.1 Top View of the Centaur

Dimensions are in millimetres unless otherwise stated.

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The external SOH input is not available on all Centaur models. See applicable models.

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7.5.2 Side View of the Centaur

7.5.3 View of the External Connectors

Dimensions are in millimetres unless otherwise stated.

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7.5.4 View of Open Media Bay

The external SOH input is not available on all Centaur models. See applicable models.

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7.6 Free Software Information

The Centaur is distributed with free software that is protected by other licences. A list of this free
software and their respective licensing information is available on the Nanometrics Web site at
http://www.nanometrics.ca/products/licences.

7.6.1 Apache Licence Information

In accordance with the terms of the Apache licence, a copy of the licence has to be included with
the redistribution of any product containing Apache software:

Apache License Version 2.0, January 2004

TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION

1. Definitions.

"License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction, and distribution as defined by
Sections 1 through 9 of this document.

"Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by the copyright owner that is
granting the License.

"Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all other entities that control, are
controlled by, or are under common control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition,
"control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such
entity, whether by contract or otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.

"You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity exercising permissions granted by this
License.

"Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications, including but not limited to
software source code, documentation source, and configuration files.

"Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical transformation or translation of a
Source form, including but not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation, and
conversions to other media types.

"Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or Object form, made available under
the License, as indicated by a copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work (an
example is provided in the Appendix below).

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"Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object form, that is based on (or
derived from) the Work and for which the editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other
modifications represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes of this
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"Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including the original version of the Work and
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"Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity on behalf of whom a
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2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License, each
Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free,
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combination of their Contribution(s) with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If
You institute patent litigation against any entity (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a
lawsuit) alleging that the Work or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct
or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses granted to You under this License for
that Work shall terminate as of the date such litigation is filed.

4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the Work or Derivative Works
thereof in any medium, with or without modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that
You meet the following conditions: (a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or

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Derivative Works a copy of this License; and (b) You must cause any modified files to carry
prominent notices stating that You changed the files; and (c) You must retain, in the Source form
of any Derivative Works that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and attribution
notices from the Source form of the Work, excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part
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then any Derivative Works that You distribute must include a readable copy of the attribution
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informational purposes only and do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution
notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside or as an addendum to the NOTICE
text from the Work, provided that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed as
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provide additional or different license terms and conditions for use, reproduction, or distribution of
Your modifications, or for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use, reproduction,
and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with the conditions stated in this License.

5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise, any Contribution

intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms
and conditions of this License, without any additional terms or conditions. Notwithstanding the
above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify the terms of any separate license agreement you
may have executed with Licensor regarding such Contributions.

6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade names, trademarks, service
marks, or product names of the Licensor, except as required for reasonable and customary use in
describing the origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.

7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, Licensor

provides the Work (and each Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied, including, without
limitation, any warranties or conditions of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the
appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any risks associated with Your
exercise of permissions under this License.

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8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory, whether in tort (including
negligence), contract, or otherwise, unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and
grossly negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be liable to You for damages,
including any direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages of any character
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limited to damages for loss of goodwill, work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any
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9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing the Work or Derivative Works
thereof, You may choose to offer, and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty,
indemnity, or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this License. However, in
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not on behalf of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify, defend, and hold each
Contributor harmless for any liability incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by
reason of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.

7.6.2 BSD Licence Information

In accordance with the terms of the BSD licence, the following information has to be included in
the documentation that accompanies any product containing software that is protected by a BSD
licence:

Copyright (c) 2001-2006, Adam Dunkels and the Swedish Institute of Computer Science

All rights reserved.

Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted
provided that the following conditions are met:

1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice immediately at the
beginning of the file, without modification, this list of conditions, and the following disclaimer.

2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions
and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
distribution.

3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from this
software without specific prior written permission.

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THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT
SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR
BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN
ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
DAMAGE.

7.6.3 Copyright Information for NPTD and SNTP Binaries

Copyright (c) David L. Mills 1992-2013

Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its documentation for any
purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice appears in
all copies and that both the copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting
documentation, and that the name University of Delaware not be used in advertising or publicity
pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, written prior permission. The University
of Delaware makes no representations about the suitability this software for any purpose. It is
provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.

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About Us
Nanometrics is an award winning company providing monitoring solutions and equipment for
studying man-made and natural seismicity. Headquartered in Ottawa, Ontario, with offices and
representatives world-wide, Nanometrics has over 30 years’ experience, delivering solutions to
customers across the globe. Nanometrics real-time and portable systems are utilized by the world’s
leading scientific institutions, universities and major corporations. Our pedigree is founded on
precision instrumentation, network technology and software applications for seismological and
environmental research. We specialize in collecting and analyzing critical real time data for
global, regional and local seismic networks. We deliver world-class network design, installation
and training services throughout the globe in a safety conscious environment.

Contact Us

Nanometrics Inc.

250 Herzberg Road

Kanata, ON K2K 2A1
Canada

Phone: +1 613-592-6776
Toll free: +1 855-792-6776 (within North America)
Fax: +1 613-592-5929
Email: sales_mktg@nanometrics.ca
Web: www.nanometrics.ca

Technical Support

Registered customers can use our support portal to track and manage all support questions and
equipment repairs and download application notes, product manuals, software updates, and
release notes.

If you have not yet registered for an account, you can start using our support portal by visiting us
at http://support.nanometrics.ca and clicking Register to create an account or by sending an
email to techsupport@nanometrics.ca or support@nanometrics.ca to have an account
automatically created for you.

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