A Project Report on

MOBILE PHONE DETECTOR

Submitted by
O161275
O161584
O161879
O161542
O161823

Submitted to

Under the supervision of

Ms . G JAYARANI
Assistant Professor

as a part of
Partial fulfilment of the degree of Bachelor of Technology in
Electronics & Communication

Engineering
Date: 21.05.2021
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 Certificate

This is to certify that the report entitled “Mobile Phone Detector”

submitted by K.Sreevani, Syed Riyaz, G.Navya, P.Siva rama krishna,
Shaik Tameem bearing ID numbers O161275, O161584, O161879,
O161542, O161823 respectively in partial fulfilment of the requirements
for the award of Bachelor of Technology in Electronics and
Communication Engineering is a bona fide work carried by them under my
supervision and guidance.

Head of the Department Project Internal Guide

P. Janardhana Reddy G . Jayarani

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 Acknowledgement

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to G . Jayarani, my

project guide for valuable suggestions and keen interest throughout the
progress of my course and research.

I am grateful to P. Janardhana Reddy , HOD of Electronics &

Communication Engineering, for providing excellent computing facilities
and a congenial atmosphere for progressing with my project.

At the outset, I would like to thank Rajiv Gandhi University of

Knowledge Technologies, Ongole for providing all the necessary
resources for the successful completion of my course work. At last, but not
the least I thank my teammates and other students for their physical and
moral support.

With Sincere Regards,

K.Sreevani
Syed Riyaz
G.Navya
P.Siva rama krishna
Shaik Tameem
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 Table of Contents Page Numbers

Abstract 5
Introduction 6-7
Block Diagram 7
Block Diagram Description 8-9
List of Components 10
Components Description 11-27
Circuit Diagram 28
Working Principle 29-31
Applications 32
Advantages 35
Limitations 35
Recommendations and further work 36-37
Result 38
Conclusion 39
References 40-41

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 Abstract
Mobile phones are comfortable way of communication over a long distance.
Life becomes so easy and fast by holding the mobile phones. Mobile phones proved
to be a big help in emergencies as well as there are some instances where this crucial
gadget is being prohibited due to numerous reasons according to mode of place.

There are techniques which have been formulated or proposed on how cell
phones can be detected. Most of them use the features such as audio system, RF
system and common materials of the phones and try to look into how they can be
used as basis to detect mobile phones.

This project utilizes the RF system of the cell phone as the feature to be used to
detect its presence. A circuit that detects signals of the range 0.9GHz to 3GHz is used
to detect a cell phone when in use. When the signal is detected, an LED blinks to
indicate the usage of a cell phone within a radius of 1.5 meters.

This simple circuit we can detect incoming as well as out going calls, SMS, we
can also fetch the indication when mobile data is on. This circuit can be used at
examination halls, meetings. It can be used for detecting mobile phones used for
spying and unauthorized transmission of audio and video.

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 Introduction
1.1 Overview
Unauthorized mobile phone usage in both private and public places has
become a problem that may be difficult to solve. Cell phone technology is one that is
ubiquitous and is progressing by every passing day. The rapid proliferation of cell
phones at the beginning of the 21st century eventually raised problems such as their
potential use to invade privacy or contribute to rampant and egregious academic
cheating. In addition public backlash was growing against the intrusive disruption
cell phones introduced in daily life. Features like Bluetooth, USB, micro USB, high
resolution cameras, microphones, internet, and wireless technology make them
perfect for stealing data. The only way of ensuring that a cellular phones are not in a
secure area is to have an accurate method for sniffing (detecting) them.

It is therefore a reality that mobile usage is some places must be prohibited.

Due to the privacy laws that limit the use of cell phone jammers, cell phone detectors
must be designed and installed so that in case a person gets in with a phone into such
places, they can be notified and either told to switch them off or take them outside.
The effectiveness of cellphone detectors is that they continually scan for the presence
and usage of the cell phone and sound an alarm to notify the user or security
personnel.

This work is very useful for the private meetings, examination hall, defense
establishments, military camp, Hospitals, Petrol pumps etc. where the uses of an
active Mobile Communication (GSM) device are prohibited.

1.2 Problem Statement

Previously, there was no technology to detect the cell phones in cell phone restricted
areas. There is manual checking and there is still a chance of having the cell phone with the
person if he is not checked properly. So to avoid this problem, an automatic detection of cell
phone is introduced.

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1.3 Problem Justification
Cell phones are used in good way and also in a bad way. When the class is going on,
students intend to use their cell phones and not listening to what is being taught. These days,
students are also carrying their cell phones to the examination halls to copy which would help
them to get good marks.
To avoid this problem, the cell phone detector is introduced. Mobile phone usage in
examination halls opens doors to examination irregularities as most phones have high definition
cameras and can read PDF documents therefore class notes are easily accessed during the
examination.
The same can also be shared via Bluetooth, Wi-Fi and messaging. Due to this problem
that has been experienced in the university for years, there is a need to design a system that
can detect the presence and usage of mobile phones in the examination halls. This paper is
therefore aimed towards designing a cell phone detector that will be installed in the
examination venues. This will curb the vice because even though some may manage to
smuggle them into the halls, their usage and presence are continuously monitored by the
system and offenders can be caught. This detector is not limited for use in examination halls
only. It may be used in hospitals,conference halls, correctional institutions and other places
where the use of mobile phones must be prohibited.

1.4 BLOCK DIAGRAM

The block diagram of the design is shown in the figure below

HF loop Current to Notification

Antenna Voltage Amplifier Devices
900MHz-3GHz converter (LED,Buzzer)

fig : Block diagram

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 Based on the block diagram of figure the circuit design of each block was designed and
the final circuit integrated together. The subsequent sections explain the detail and design of
each block diagram.

1.5 DESCRIPTION OF BLOCK DIAGRAM:

There are five major blocks in theled case of cell phone detector. They are

(i) Antenna
(ii) LC tuner circuit
(iii) Current to voltage converter
(iv) Output stage

HF Antenna Stage:

The first stage is the Antenna stage. The transmission frequency of mobile phone ranges
from 0.9 to 3 GHz with a wavelength of 3.3 to 10 cm. These frequencies send by an active
mobile phone need to be received. This function is carried out by the receiving antenna. An
ordinary RF detector using tuned circuit is not suitable for detecting signals in the GHz
frequency band used in mobile phones. So a circuit detecting GHz signal is required for a
mobile detector.

Current to Voltage Converter Stage:

Here the circuit uses 0.22µF disk capacitor to capture RF signals from the mobile phones.
The lead length of the capacitor is fixed as 18mm with a spacing of 08mm between the leads
to get the desired frequency. The disk capacitor along with the leads acts as a small gigahertz
loop antenna to collect the RF signals from the mobile phones. This capacitor along with the
lead inductance act as a transmission lines to intercept the signals from the mobile. The

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 capacitor creates a field, stores energy and transfers the stored energy in the form of minute
current to the input of a current to voltage converter circuit. This forms the second stage which
is LC Tuner stage.

Amplifier Stage:

Since the voltage at the output is small, it needs to be amplified in order to drive the
notification devices (LED or sound buzzer). At standby mode of the cell phone the voltage
output from the current to voltage converter can be as low as 10mV. Therefore an amplifier
that has little or no offsets voltage level is required. The best amplifier is a two stage
transistor based. An op amp based would suffer from offset voltages hence not effective in
this design. With a low voltage of this order it is hard to eliminate the effects of noise due to
the sensitive tuning of the amplifier.

Notification Devices Stage:

The current coming to the input of the converter IC, upset its balanced input and then
convert the current into corresponding output voltage. When the mobile phone signals are
detected by the input capacitor, the output of the converter IC, becomes high and low as
indicated by the LED. A buzzer is triggered by using the output for the amplifier stage. The
buzzer along with the LED forms the output stage that provide us the indication as sound and
light respectively.

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 List of Components:

 IC CA3130

 BC548 Transistor

 LED

 9V Battery

 Battery Clip

 Connecting Wires

 Breadboard

 Capacitors
i. 47 pico fardas
ii. 100 micro farads
iii. 0.224 micro farads

 Resistors

i. 100k

ii. 1k

iii. 2.2M(2)

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 Components Description:

IC CA3130:

CA3130 are op amps that combine the advantage of both CMOS and bipolar transistors.
Gate-protected P-Channel MOSFET (PMOS) transistors are used in the input circuit to provide
very-high-input impedance, very-low-input current, and exceptional speed performance. The use
of PMOS transistors in the input stage results in common-mode input-voltage capability down to
0.5V below the negative-supply terminal, an important attribute in single-supply applications.

A CMOS transistor-pair, capable of swinging the output voltage to within 10mV of either
supply-voltage terminal (at very high values of load impedance), is employed as the output circuit.

CA3130A and CA3130 are op amps that combine the advantage of both CMOS and bipolar
transistors. Gate protected P-Channel MOSFET (PMOS) transistors are used in the input circuit to
provide very-high-input impedance, very-low-input current, and exceptional speed performance.
The use of PMOS transistors in the input stage results in common-mode input-voltage capability
down to 0.5V below the negative-supply terminal, an important attribute in single-supply
applications.

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 A CMOS transistor-pair, capable of swinging the output voltage to within 10mV of either
supply-voltage terminal (at
very high values of load impedance), is employed as the output circuit. The CA3130 Series
circuits operate at supply voltages ranging from 5V to 16V, (}2.5V to }8V). They can be phase
compensated with a single external capacitor, and have terminals for adjustment of offset voltage
for applications requiring offset-null capability. Terminal provisions are also made to permit
striding of the output stage. The CA3130A offers superior input characteristics over those of the
CA3130.

The CA3130 op amp has the following pinouts:

1. Offset null
2. Inv. input
3. Non-inv. input
4. V- and case
5. Offset null
6. Output
7. V+
8. Strobe

(i) Role of IC CA3130:

This IC is a 15 MHz BiMOS Operational amplifier with MOSFET inputs and Bipolar output.
The inputs contain MOSFET transistors to provide very high input impedance and very low input
current as low as 10pA. It has high speed of performance and suitable for low input current
applications.

CA3130A and CA3130 are op amps that combine the advantage of both CMOS and bipolar
transistors. Gate-protected P-Channel MOSFET (PMOS) transistors are used in the input circuit to
provide very-high-input impedance, very-low-input current, and exceptional speed performance.
The use of PMOS transistors in the input stage results in common-mode input-voltage capability

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down to0.5V below the negative-supply terminal, an important attribute in single-supply
applications.

A CMOS transistor-pair, capable of swinging the output voltage to within 10mV of either
supply-voltage terminal (at very high values of load impedance), is employed as the output circuit.

The CA3130 Series circuits operate at supply voltages ranging from 5V to 16V, (2.5V to 8V).
They can be phase compensated with a single external capacitor, and have terminals for
adjustment of offset voltage for applications requiring offset-null capability. Terminal provisions
are also made to permit striding of the output stage. The CA3130A offers superior input
characteristics over those of the CA3130.

(ii) Features:

(i) MOSFET Input Stage Provides:

Very High ZI = 1.5 T
Very Low current . . . . . . =5pA at 15V Operation
(ii) Ideal for Single-Supply Applications
(iii) Common-Mode Input-Voltage Range Includes Negative Supply Rail; Input Terminals can
be Swung 0.5VBelow Negative Supply Rail
(iv) CMOS Output Stage Permits Signal Swing to Either (or both) Supply Rails.

(iii) Applications:

(i) Ground-Referenced Single Supply Amplifiers

(ii) Fast Sample-Hold Amplifiers
(iii) Long-Duration Timers/ Mono stables
(iv) High-Input-Impedance Comparators (Ideal Interface with Digital CMOS)
(v) High-Input-Impedance Wideband Amplifiers

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(vi)Voltage Followers (e.g. Follower for Single-Supply D/A Converter )
(vii) Voltage Regulators (Permits Control of Output Voltage Down to 0V)
(viii) Peak Detectors
(ix) Single-Supply Full-Wave Precision Rectifiers
(x) Photo-Diode Sensor Amplifiers.

BC548 Transistor:

Transistor:
A transistor is a semiconductor device commonly used to amplify or switch electronic
signals. A transistor is made of a solid piece of a semiconductor material, with at least three
terminals for connection to an external circuit. A voltage or current applied to one pair of the
transistor's terminals changes the current flowing through another pair of terminals. Because the
controlled (output) power can be much more than the controlling(input) power, the transistor
provides amplification of a signal. Some transistors are packaged individually but most are found
in integrated circuits.The transistor is the fundamental building block of modern electronic
devices, and its presence is ubiquitous in modern electronic systems.

 Usage

The bipolar junction transistor, or BJT, was the most commonly used transistor in
the 1960s and 70s. Even after MOSFETs became widely available, the BJT remained the
transistor of choice for many analog circuits such as simple amplifiers because of their
greater linearity and ease of manufacture. Desirable properties of MOSFETs, such as their
utility in low-power devices, usually in the CMOS configuration, allowed them to capture
nearly all market share for digital circuits; more recently MOSFETs have captured most
analog and power applications as well, including modern clocked analog circuits, voltage
regulators, amplifiers, power transmitters, motor drivers, etc

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  Advantages

The key advantages that have allowed transistors to replace their vacuum tube
predecessors in most applications are
 Small size and minimal weight, allowing the development of miniaturized electronic
devices.
 Highly automated manufacturing processes, resulting in low per-unit cost.
 Lower possible operating voltages, making transistors suitable for small, battery-
powered applications.
 No warm-up period for cathode heaters required after power application.
 Lower power dissipation and generally greater energy efficiency.
 Higher reliability and greater physical ruggedness.
 Extremely long life. Some transistorized devices have been in service for more than
30 years.

 Complementary devices available, facilitating the design of complementary-
symmetry circuits, something not possible with vacuum tubes.

 Insensitivity to mechanical shock and vibration, thus avoiding the problem of micro
phonics in audio applications.

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Bipolar junction transistor

The bipolar junction transistor (BJT) was the first type of transistor to be mass-
produced. Bipolar transistors are so named because they conduct by using both majority and
minority carriers. The three terminals of the BJT are named emitter, base, and collector. The
BJT consists of two p-n junctions: the base–emitter junction and the base–collector junction,
separated by a thin region of semiconductor known as the base region (two junction diodes
wired together without sharing an intervening semiconducting region will not make a
transistor). "The [BJT] is useful in amplifiers because the currents at the emitter and
collector are controllable by the relatively small base current. In an NPN transistor
operating in the active region, the emitter-base junction is forward biased (electrons and holes
recombine at the junction), and electrons are injected into the base region. Because the
base is narrow, most of these electrons will diffuse into the reverse-biased (electrons and
holes are formed at, and move away from the junction) base-collector junction and be swept
into the collector; perhaps one-hundredth of the electrons will recombine in the base, which
is the dominant mechanism in the base current. By controlling the number of electrons that
can leave the base, the number of electrons entering the collector can be controlled.
Collector current is approximately β (common-emitter current gain) times the base current.
It is typically greater than 100 for small-signal transistors but can be smaller in transistors
designed for high-power applications.

Unlike the FET, the BJT is a low–input-impedance device. Also, as the base–emitter

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voltage (V be ) is increased the base–emitter current and hence the collector–emitter current
(I ce ) increase exponentially according to the Shockley diode model and the Ebers-Moll
model. Because of this exponential relationship, the BJT has a higher transconductance than
the FET.

Bipolar transistors can be made to conduct by exposure to light, since absorption of

photons in the base region generates a photocurrent that acts as a base current; the collector
current is approximately β times the photocurrent. Devices designed for this purpose have a
transparent window in the package and are called phototransistors.

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Light-emitting diode:

Type Passive Optoelectronic

Working principle Electroluminescence

Invented Nick Holonyak Jr. (1962)

Electronic symbol

Pin configuration Anode and Cathode

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 A light-emitting diode (LED) is an electronic light source. LED’s are used
as indicator lamps in many kinds of electronics and increasingly for lighting. LED’s
work by the effect of electroluminescence, discovered by accident in 1907. The LED
was introduced as a practical electronic component in 1962. All early devices emitted
low-intensity red light, but modern LED’s are available across the visible, ultraviolet
and infra red wavelengths, with very high brightness.
LED’s are based on the semiconductor diode. When the diode is forward
biased(switched on), electrons are able to recombine with holes and energy is
released in the form of light. This effect is called electroluminescence and the color
of the light is determined by the energy gap of the semiconductor. The LED is
usually small in area (less than 1 mm 2 ) with integrated optical components to shape
its radiation pattern and assist in reflection.
LED’s present many advantages over traditional light sources including lower
energy consumption, longer lifetime, improved robustness, smaller size and faster
switching. However, they are relatively expensive and require more precise current
and heat management than traditional light sources.

Applications of LED’s

(i) Flashing LED’s are used as attention seeking indicators without requiring external electronics.
Flashing LED’s resemble standard LED’s but they contain an integrated multivibrator circuit that
causes the LED to flash with a typical period of one second. In diffused lens LED’s this is visible
as a small black dot. Most flashing LED’s emit light of one color, but more sophisticated devices
can flash between multiple colors and even fade through a color sequence using RGB color
mixing.

(ii) Bi-color LED’s are two different LED emitters in one case. There are two types of these. One
type consists of two dies connected to the same two leads anti parallel to each other. Current flow
in one direction emits one color, and current in the opposite direction emits the other color. The

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other type consists of two dies with separate leads for both dies and another lead for common
anode or cathode, so that they can be controlled independently.

(iii) Tri-color LED’s are three different LED emitters in one case. Each emitter is connected to a
separate lead so they can be controlled independently. A four-lead arrangement is typical with one
common lead (anode or cathode) and an additional lead for each color.

(iv) RGB LED’s are Tri-color LED’s with red, green, and blue emitters, in general using a four-
wire connection with one common lead (anode or cathode). These LED’s can have either common
positive or common negative leads. Others however, have only two leads (positive and negative)
and have a built in tiny electronic control unit.

(v) Alphanumeric LED displays are available in seven-segment and starburst format. Seven-
segment displays handle all numbers and a limited set of letters. Starburst displays can display all
letters. Seven-segment LED displays were in widespread use in the 1970s and 1980s, but rising
use of liquid crystal displays, with their lower power needs and greater display flexibility, has
reduced the popularity of numeric and alphanumeric LED displays.

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9V Battery:

 Rectangular prism shape with round edges and a polarized snap connector at
the top. This type is commonly used in walkie talkies, clocks and smoke detectors.

Battery Clip:
Necessary for holding the battery into place. Keep in mind the
polarity, while using a battery clip.

Breadboard:
A breadboard is a solderless device for temporary prototype with electronics
and test circuit designs. Most electronic components in electronic circuits can be

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 interconnected by inserting their leads or terminals into the holes and then making
connections through wires where appropriate.

Capacitors:
A capacitor or condenser is a passive electronic component consisting of a
pair of conductors separated by a dielectric. When a voltage potential difference
exists between the conductors, an electric field is present in the dielectric. This field
stores energy and produces a mechanical force between the plates. The effect is
greatest between wide, flat, parallel, narrowly separated conductors.

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An ideal capacitor is characterized by a single constant value, capacitance, which is
measured in farads. This is the ratio of the electric charge on each conductor to the
potential difference between them. In practice, the dielectric between the plates passes a
small amount of leakage current. The conductors and leads introduce an equivalent series
resistance and the dielectric has an electric field strength limit resulting in a breakdown
voltage.
Capacitors are widely used in electronic circuits to block the flow of direct
current while allowing alternating current to pass, to filter out interference, to smooth
the output of power supplies, and for many other purposes. They are used in resonant
circuits in radio frequency equipment to select particular frequencies from a signal
with many frequencies.

(1)Ceramic capacitor:
In electronics ceramic capacitor is a capacitor constructed of alternating layers
of metal and ceramic, with the ceramic material acting as the dielectric. The temperature
coefficient depends on whether the dielectric is Class 1 or Class 2. A ceramic capacitor
(especially the class 2) often has high dissipation factor, high frequency coefficient of
dissipation.
A ceramic capacitor is a two-terminal, non-polar
device. The classical ceramic capacitor is the "disc
capacitor". This device pre-dates the transistor and was
used extensively in vacuum-tube equipment (e.g., radio

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receivers) from about 1930 through the 1950s, and in discrete transistor equipment from
the 1950s through the 1980s. As of 2007, ceramic disc capacitors are in widespread use
in electronic equipment, providing high capacity & small size at low price compared to
other low value capacitor types.
 Ceramic capacitors come in various shapes and styles, including:
 disc, resin coated, with through-hole leads multilayer rectangular block,
surface mount bare leadless disc, sits in a slot in the PCB and is soldered in place,
used for UHF

Applications:
tube shape, not popular now

(2)Electrolytic capacitor
An electrolytic capacitor is a type of capacitor that
uses an ionic conducting liquid as one of its plates with a larger
capacitance per unit volume than other types. They are valuable in
relatively high-current and low-frequency electrical circuits. This is
especially the case in power-supply filters, where they store charge
needed to moderate output voltage and current fluctuations in rectifier output. They are
also widely used as coupling capacitors in circuits where AC should be conducted but
DC should not.
Electrolytic capacitors can have a very high capacitance, allowing filters made
with them to have very low corner frequencies.

Capacitors used in the Circuit are:

i. 0.22 µF CAPACITOR : It is a Ceramic capacitor type. Acts as a small
gigahertz (GHz) loop antenna to collect the RF signals from the mobile phone.
The lead length of the is 18 mm with a spacing of 8 mm between the leads to get
the desired frequency.

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 ii. 100 µF CAPACITOR : It is a Electrolytic Capacitor.

iii. 47 pF CAPACITOR : Ceramic Capacitor acts as the dielectric. Connected

across strobe (pin 8) and null Input (pin 1) of the IC. For phase-composition and
gain control to optimize the frequency response.

Resistors:
A resistor is a two-terminal electronic component that produces a voltage across
its terminals that is proportional to the electric current through it in accordance with
Ohm's law

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 V = IR

Resistors are elements of electrical networks and electronic circuits and are ubiquitous in
most electronic equipment. Practical resistors can be made of various compounds and
films, as well as resistance wire (wire made of a high-resistivity alloy, such as
nickel/chrome).The primary characteristics of a resistor are the resistance, the tolerance,
maximum working voltage and the power rating. Other characteristics include
temperature coefficient, noise, and inductance. Less well-known is critical resistance, the
value below which power dissipation limits the maximum permitted current flow, and
above which the limit is applied voltage. Critical resistance depends upon the materials
constituting the resistor as well as its physical dimensions; it's determined by design.
Resistors can be integrated into hybrid and printed circuits, as well as integrated circuits.
Size and position of leads (or terminals) are relevant to equipment designers; resistors
must be physically large enough not to overheat when dissipating their power.

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Resistors used in the Circuit are:
i. 1 kΩ RESISTOR: Colour code sequence Brown, Black, Yellow, Gold. 
Keeps the non-inverting input stable for easy swing of the output to high state.
ii. 100 KΩ RESISTOR: Colour code sequence Brown, Black, Yellow, Gold. 
Provides the discharge path for 0.22 µF Capacitor.
iii. 2.2 MΩ RESISTOR : Colour code: Red, Red, Green and Gold.  Makes the
inverting input high when Output become high.

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28
 Working Principle

Purpose of the circuit:

This circuit is intended to detect unauthorized use of mobile phones in
examination halls, confidential rooms etc. It also helps to detect unauthorized video
and audio recordings. It detects the signal from mobile phones even if it is kept in the
silent mode. It also detects SMS.

Concept:

Mobile phone uses RF with a wavelength of 30cm at 872 to 2170 MHz. That is
the signal is high frequency with huge energy. When the mobile phone is active, it
transmits the signal in the form of sine wave which passes through the space. The
encoded audio/video signal contains electromagnetic radiation which is picked up by the
receiver in the base station. Mobile phone system is referred to as “Cellular Telephone
system” because the coverage area is divided into “cells” each of which has a base
station. The transmitter power of the modern 2G antenna in the base station is 20-100
watts.

When a GSM (Global System of Mobile communication) digital phone is

transmitting, the signal is time shared with 7 other users. That is at any one second,
each of the 8 users on the same frequency is allotted 1/8 of the time and the signal is
reconstituted by the receiver to form the speech. Peak power output of a mobile
phone corresponds to 2 watts with an average of 250 milli watts of continuous
power. Each handset with in a ‘cell’ is allotted a particular frequency for its use. The
mobile phone transmits short signals at regular intervals to register its availability to
the nearest base station. The network data base stores the information transmitted by

29
 the mobile phone. If the mobile phone moves from one cell to another, it will keep
the connection with the base station having strongest transmission. Mobile phone
always tries to make connection with the available base station. That is why, the back
light of the phone turns on intermittently while traveling. This will cause severe
battery drain. So in long journeys, battery will flat with in a few hours.

AM Radio uses frequencies between 180 kHz and 1.6 MHz. FM radio uses 88 to 180
MHz. TV uses 470 to 854 MHz. Waves at higher frequencies but within the RF
region is called Micro waves. Mobile phone uses high frequency RF wave in the
micro wave region carrying huge amount of electromagnetic energy. That is why
burning sensation develops in the ear if the mobile is used for a long period. Just like
a micro wave oven, mobile phone is ‘cooking’ the tissues in the ear. RF radiation
from the phone causes oscillation of polar molecules like water in the tissues. This
generates heat through friction just like the principle of microwave oven. The
strongest radiation from the mobile phone is about 2 watts which can make
connection with a base station located 2 to 3 km away.

How the circuit works?

Ordinary LC (Coil-Capacitor) circuits are used to detect low frequency

radiation in the AM and FM bands. The tuned tank circuit having a coil and a
variable capacitor retrieve the signal from the carrier wave. But such LC circuits
cannot detect high frequency waves near the microwave region. Hence in the circuit,
a capacitor is used to detect RF from mobile phone considering that, a capacitor can
store energy even from an outside source and oscillate like LC circuit.

Use of capacitor:
A capacitor has two electrodes separated by a ‘dielectric’ like paper, mica
etc. The non polarized disc capacitor is used to pass AC and not DC. Capacitor can

30
 store energy and pass AC signals during discharge. 0.22pF capacitor is selected
because it is a low value one and has large surface area to accept energy from the
mobile radiation. To detect the signal, the sensor part should be like an aerial. So the
capacitor is arranged as a mini loop aerial (similar to the dipole antenna used in
TV).In short with this arrangement, the capacitor works like an air core coil with
ability to oscillate and discharge current.

How the capacitor senses RF?

One lead of the capacitor gets DC from the positive rail and the other lead
goes to the negative input of IC1. So the capacitor gets energy for storage. This
energy is applied to the inputs of IC1 so that the inputs of IC are almost balanced
with 1.4 volts. In this state output is zero. But at any time IC can give a high output if
a small current is induced to its inputs. There a natural electromagnetic field around
the capacitor caused by the 50Hz from electrical wiring. When the mobile phone
radiates high energy pulsations, capacitor oscillates and release energy in the inputs
of IC. This oscillation is indicated by the flashing of the LED and beeping of Buzzer.
In short, capacitor carries energy and is in an electromagnetic field. So a slight
change in field caused by the RF from phone will disturb the field and forces the
capacitor to release energy.

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 We will see applications, advantages, limitation, future scope, and the conclusions of cell
phone detector. Basically this circuit can be used anywhere for detecting the cell phones. Since
today is the generation of advanced communication devices and cell phone is the very first need of
this. But somehow reasons there is a misuse of these devices. So we have to stop this for our
safety. And by using cell phone detectors we can do this very simply. We can use cell phone
detector even at our working place, confidential halls, prisons, court room and at many other
places where cell phone is not allowed.

But there is a limitation of this device that it can detect only in the range of 1.5-2 meters.
So we have to place a number of detectors in a large room. But beyond of this we can simply
detect the cells in a range which can covered by the detector.

In future we will increase the range of the detector so that we can detect the cells over a
hundreds of meter. So this is the first step to avoid the unwanted activities using the cell phones.

Applications:

(i) Colleges and Universities:

During tests and exams the use of mobile phones is prohibited, for the students could use it
to send answers among each other.
By using a GSM-detector this kind of fraud is prohibited. The presence of a GSM-detector
can work in a preventing way, because when a GSM-detector is present, the use of mobile phones
does not stay unnoticed.

(ii) Cinemas:
In a cinema the use of a mobile phone is undesired. Being called by someone during a
movie is of course very bothering for other people.

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 With a GSM-detector the use of mobile phones is detected, so the visitor can be informed
that this is not allowed.

(iii) Theatres:
Just like with a cinema, in theatres the use of mobile phones is not allowed. The gsm-
detector can be used to prevent use.

(iv) Restaurants / Hotels:

In hotels and restaurants it is often undesired that a mobile phone is used at the table or
in other areas. A GSM-detector can be installed in these areas to notify guests.

(v) Petrol stations:

When tanking at a petrol station, the use of mobile phones is prohibited, because the
mobile signals can interfere with the tanking equipment and because a small spark within the
mobile phone could set fire to possible gasoline vapour. With the GSM-detector this prohibition is
pointed out to the tanking customer.

(vi) Airplanes:
In airplanes the use of mobile phones is prohibited, for it could interfere with the
equipment in the airplane. All the while phones are still used illegally, especially in restrooms. By
installing a GSM-detector there, this can be prevented.

(vii) Conference rooms:

It is often distracting to be called during a meeting. Also, confidential conversation could
be overheard by using cell phones, especially by those with a spy function (when someone calls
that phone it automatically is picked up without ringing, so that the person on the other end of the
line can hear conversations in the room where the spy phone is placed).
By using a GSM-detector you can be assured that this is not the case.

(viii) Hospitals:

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 The signals emitted by mobile phones can interfere with some electronic equipment
inside the hospital. This could have fatal consequences.
The GSM-detector can be placed in any area where the use of mobile phones could
interfere with sensitive devices. The audio alarm will sound when a phone is used and this way,
the person should immediately switch off his/her phone

(ix) Prisons:
In prisons the use of mobile phones is not allowed. It could occur anyway. By using the
gsm-detector the staff can be notified when a mobile phone is used inside the facility.

(x) Power plants:

Power plants contain -just like hospitals- a lot of electronic devices that are sensitive for
interference by mobile phones. Therefore, it is prohibited to use mobile phones there. Use a GSM-
detector to inspect this.

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Advantages:

Our mission is to be the leading provider of cellular phone detection capabilities to both
business and government institutions around the world. We are striving to bring a national debate
to the growing proliferation of cell phone use in our society today. Using our state of the art
products we are hoping to provide individuals and businesses the tools to detect and prevent the
use of cell phone in sensitive areas.

This product was created in reaction to the growing use of cell phones around the world,
and how that use was beginning to interfere with our daily lives. When businesses tried to find
solutions to problems involving cell phones, they found a huge shortcoming in products and
services.

Hence, our solution was created to supply this need. To date we have sold thousands of
products to a very wide audience of businesses and government institutions. Many of these
include prisons, casinos, embassies, classrooms and testing facilities, oil rigs, conferences, golf
clubhouses, computer-rooms, data centers, hospitals, and restaurants, to name just a small few of
the vast capabilities of our product.

Limitation:

Range of the circuit:

The prototype version has only limited range of 2 meters. But if a preamplifier stage using
JFET or MOSFET transistor is used as an interface between the capacitor and IC, range can be
increased.
It is a low range detector,the order of centimeters. The persence of this device would jam
the signals of other devices due to fluctuations.

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Recommendations and Further work
The following are recommended to improve the functionality of this cell phone
detector: -

(i). Increase the range of the detector.

(ii). Use of microcontroller to improve the detector.

(iii). Make the LED go off until a cell phone is in use.

(iv).Improve the detector to be able to detect even cell phones on standby

mode

Future scope:

Trying to increase the detecting range of mobile bug to few more meters for observing
wide ranges of area. In the future time this detector will be improved in all ways.In future we
could be able to detect any range of frequency over a meters of range and this will be very useful
to detect the cell phones where the cell phones are prohibited.

ULTRASONIC SENSOR:

This device has two sections the transmitter and detector section. Installing it with an
external microcontroller it can be a distance sensor.

INTEGRATION OF ARDUINO UNO:

ARDUINO UNO is a basic microcontroller kit that has its own interface board. Installing
this microcontroller to our project in conjunction with the ultrasonic sensor we can detect the
exact location of the source.

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 This work involves the design and development of a digital signal detector which is
capable of detecting incoming and outgoing signals from mobile phones. The presence of an
activated mobile phone can be detected by this handy, pocket-size mobile signal detector from a
distance of one and a half meters, which could be used in preventing the use of mobile phones in
examination halls. It is also suitable for detecting the use of mobile phone for spying and
unauthorized video transmission. The circuit can detect the incoming and outing calls, text
messages, and video transmission even if the mobile is kept in the silent mode. The moment the
gadget detects Radio Frequency (RF) transmission signal from an activated mobile phone, it starts
to display a movement of LEDs.

The circuit can detect the distance from the circuit to the source by the movement of the
LEDs. The more we are close to the source the more the speed of LEDs will get uniform, but
when we get far from the source the movement of the LEDs will get random. This is done by the
basic characteristics of the 4017 decade counter and the nature of RF signal on circuits.

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Result:
The moment the Bug detects RF transmission signal from an activated mobile

phone, it starts sounding a beep alarm and the LED blinks. The alarm continues until
the signal transmission ceases

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Conclusion:
This pocket-size mobile transmission detector or sniffer can sense the presence
of an activated mobile cellphone from a distance of one and-a-half meters. So it can
be used to prevent use of mobile phones in examination halls, confidential rooms,
etc. It is also useful for detecting the use of mobile phone for spying and
unauthorised video transmission.

In this project we made an attempt to design a mobile detector which can

detect both the incoming and outgoing calls as well as video transmission even if the
mobile is kept at the silent mode. Our circuit has detected the presence of an active
mobile phone even at a distance of about one and half a meter. It gave the indication
of an active mobile phone by glowing the LED, according to the receiving frequency
and by buzzing the sound of the buzzer. The alarm continues until the signal is
ceases.

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References:

1. https://youtu.be/35MgFZj1bAE

2. https://www.slideshare.net/venu13/cellphone-detector

3. https://www.google.com/url?
sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwi2-
L3X3dXwAhWPYysKHV3-Bp0QFjALegQIIRAD&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdruckhaus-
hofmann.de%2Fgallery%2F21-wj-february-
2118.pdf&usg=AOvVaw3MiIk4sYFEiau9U10t8YGJ

4. https://www.academia.edu/7282475/
A_Project_Report_at_CELL_PHONE_DETECTOR_Department_of_Electronics_Engineer
ing_Session_2012_2013_ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

5. https://www.electronicshub.org/cell-phone-detector-circuit/

6. https://www.slideshare.net/RanapratapMajee1/cell-phone-detector-ppt-74094330

7. https://www.scribd.com/doc/311182107/Cell-Phone-Detector-Project-Report

8. https://www.google.com/search?
client=ubuntu&channel=fs&q=CELL+PHONE+DETECTOR+USING+CA3130+DOCUM
ENT&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8

9. https://www.scribd.com/doc/89767534/Mobile-Detector-Report

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10.https://www.google.com/search?
client=ubuntu&channel=fs&q=mobile+phone+detector+document&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8

11.https://www.google.com/search?
client=ubuntu&channel=fs&q=mobilephone+detector+ppt&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8

12.https://www.elprocus.com/how-cell-phone-detector-works/

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