Humanitarian Logistics - 4

HUMANITARIAN COORDINATION:
OBSTACLES TO OVERCOME
 There are several factors affecting coordination in
emergencies linked to the very nature of the environment
and the stakeholders involved
 Diversity of Structures Humanitarian agencies differ

greatly in their management structures, cultures, and
approach. UN agencies and NGOs lack a harmonized
structure making inter-agency communication, decision-
making, and basic coordination tricky, to say the least
1 By:Roba Zayed
 Funding
 Limited resources breed competition. Agencies also differ

in their funding mechanisms which have a direct impact
on their flexibility. Earmarked donations pose a challenge
for coordination, limiting the ability of agencies on the
ground to reallocate resources as they deem most
suitable
2 By:Roba Zayed
 Donors are increasingly considering inter-agency
coordination as a key performance indicator, but the
current efforts are only initial steps. Historically, donors
have not promoted clear incentives for agencies to
collaborate and coordinate. Instead, they have indirectly
promoted competition by funding individual agencies
based on their standalone performance (in addition to
earmarked donations), capacity, and, to some extent,
branding. In addition, the media places high pressure on
the agencies to compete for air time
3 By:Roba Zayed
 Leadership
 Leadership is perhaps the most important factor in

overcoming resistance to coordination. The arguments of
cost savings and efficiency alone may not be sufficient.
There is a need to have a person with strong leadership
qualities who has the political and financial support to
engage the different actors in the field. This person should
be able to foster collaboration among the different actors
Think of other humanitarian coordination obstacles?
4 By:Roba Zayed
Collective topics from students projects
 The below contains of slides selected from students
projects as complementary material included in the final
exam
 As discussed during the class (case studies)
5 By:Roba Zayed
6 By:Roba Zayed
United Nations Jordan
 The United Nations is an intergovernmental organization
responsible for maintaining international peace and
security, developing friendly relations among nations and
achieving international cooperation.
 The United Nations Country Team (UNCT) in Jordan

consists of 19 agencies, funds, and programs, including
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
(UNHCR), United Nations Office for the Coordination of
Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA) and United Nations
Relief and Works Agency for Palestinian Refugees in the
Near East (UNRWA).
7 By:Roba Zayed
UN 19 agencies
 United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
 Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
 International Labour Organization (ILO)
 International Organization for Migration (IOM)
 United Nations Children Fund (UNICEF)
 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization (UNESCO)
 United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the
Empowerment of Women (UNWomen)
8 By:Roba Zayed
UN 19 agencies
 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
(UNHCR)
 United Nations Human Settlements Programme
(UNHABITAT)
 United Nations Industrial Development Organization
(UNIDO)
 United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS)
 United Nations Office for the Coordination of
Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA)
9 By:Roba Zayed
UN 19 agencies
 United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)
 United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestinian
Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA)
 World Bank, World Food Programme (WFP)
 World Health Organization (WHO)
 United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)
 The United Nations Volunteers Programme (UNV)
 The World Bank (WB).
10 By:Roba Zayed
UNCT
 In addition to these 19 resident agencies, the UNCT in
Jordan works closely with a number of non-resident UN
agencies including: the United Nations Economic and
Social Commission for West Asia (ESCWA), International
Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), International Fund for
Agricultural Development (IFAD), Office of High
Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), United
Nations Environment, and the United Nations
Information Centre (UNIC)
11 By:Roba Zayed
NEPAL Case Study
12 By:Roba Zayed
Warehouse Location Decision Factors in
Humanitarian Relief Logistics
 The key factors considered for selecting humanitarian
relief warehouse location:
 The most important factor is selecting facility location in

humanitarian relief
 Followed by national stability

 Cost
 Logistics
 Location
Information and Communication
 Communication of disaster risks to migrant and
Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) communities.
These problem areas are presented in this section and
discussed in relation to potential technological
interventions:
1. Tailoring of Messages
2. Translation of Messages
3. Trust
1. Tailoring of Messages
 Tailoring of Messages the need for tailoring of disaster
warnings and messages is one that is recurring in disasters.
certain factors should be considered, including the individual's
past experience with natural disaster; level of knowledge and
expectations; timing of the warning; psychological, physical,
geographical, social and economic factors
2. Translation of Messages
 In supporting communication during emergencies, several
researchers have emphasized the need to provide tailored
materials that are conveyed in the native languages of the
people
3.Trust
 Trust is a crucial factor in disaster risk communication,

which when broken can negatively impact on people to
accept or respond appropriately to emergency warnings.
Due to a residue of discrimination and perceived racial
disparities in disaster response efforts.
Ways of Informing during Disasters
 Nepal’s earthquake On April 2015, an earthquake with a
magnitude of 7.8 struck central Nepal, leaving catastrophic
damage across the country. TI failed to successfully survive the
earthquake, with damage covered cell towers, radio stations,
power sources, and Internet connections.Ways of
communicating:
1. Mobile phones
2. The Internet
3. Direct contact
Ways of Informing during Disasters
1. The Internet
 The Internet was very useful in mostly urban areas. After the earthquake,
Facebook and Twitter were flooded with requests for help. Moreover, The
International Red Cross and tech companies introduced tools to check the
safety of people online
2. Direct contact.
 Around 20% of people considered direct contact as their main source of
information before the earthquake. After the earthquake, it was very slow;
however, it was the most trusted form of communication in rural
communities
Distributing Health Commodities
 Distribution is the backbone of an effective logistics
management system. The Logistics Management Division was
established under the Department of Health Services to
oversee commodity distribution in the supply system, including
two central stores, five regional stores, and 75 district stores
 Nepal’s rugged terrain makes logistics management challenging

the Logistics Management Division has established a well-
functioning distribution system
Health
 The public-private partnership model, vaccines require
refrigeration that is usually transported in government
vehicles. The Logistics Management Division started using a
refrigerator van for vaccine transportation to ensure their
quality and they won’t get expired by the time of the arrival
 however quality can be ensured by strengthening of

procurement, supply chain management, human resource
management. In the first phase, the van transports the vaccines
from the central store to the five Regional Medical Stores
(RMSs)
Refrigerated Vans
 Logistics Management Division future plans are to provide refrigerator vans
for all five RMSs to transport the vaccines from region stores to districts
stores, and this would result in:
1. These organizations resulted in: High availability of health commodities at

the delivery point
2. Minimized wastage and expiry with refrigerated distribution vans.
3. Lowered the cost of transportation and built capacity through
partnership with the private sector
Nepal Food Security
 Nepal is among the poorest countries in the world 25 percent of its

population live below the national poverty line. Nepal faces many challenges
to economic growth, and food security, including recovery from a
devastating earthquake in 2015 that left 1.4 million people in need of food
assistance.
 People living in many parts of the country are reliant on expensive food
imported from India. During the 2008–2009 food price crises showed that
the poorest rural families were spending 78 per cent of their income on
food

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HUMANITARIAN COORDINATION:

 Diversity of Structures Humanitarian agencies differ

 Limited resources breed competition. Agencies also differ

 Leadership is perhaps the most important factor in

Think of other humanitarian coordination obstacles?

 As discussed during the class (case studies)

 The United Nations Country Team (UNCT) in Jordan

 The most important factor is selecting facility location in

 Followed by national stability

 Trust is a crucial factor in disaster risk communication,

 Nepal’s rugged terrain makes logistics management challenging

 however quality can be ensured by strengthening of

1. These organizations resulted in: High availability of health commodities at

 Nepal is among the poorest countries in the world 25 percent of its

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