150

west, cross-cute and rises) was carried out during The 500-ft. level south was connected to the
the year before operations -were suspended and United Black Hill Company's workings for ven-
shaft sinking was resiimed. tilation. A main cross-cut put in west f o r a
1,070-ft. LeweZ.—During 1899 a plat was total of 433 feet passed through, several unpay-
opened at the 1,070-ft. level, and a cross-cut was able veins. The yields for the last half of 1880
put out 305 feet west in promising country. At were good, 3,524 oz. from 5,263 tons, but they
290 feet from the shaft a leader, carrying a little fell away to 1,995 oz. from 5,076 tons for the
gold and giving out a strong flow of water, was first half of 1881. Towards the end of_ 1881
met with, and from this point to the face leaders some rich quartz found at the 400-ft. level yielded
occurred, all carrying gold and giving out water. in four days 76^ oz. of gold in nuggets. This
A vein in the face 8 in. wide gave fair dish pro- yield included nuggets weighing 19 oz. 15 dwt.,
spects. A rise at 290 feet intersected quartz 16 oz., and 15 oz. 10 dwt., besides smaller pieces.
giving out much water, at 6 feet above the level. At the 660-ft. level a cross-cut was put in west to
the "Western Slates. A cross-course that was passed
In 1900 a drive 97 feet south was opened, hut through in following the veins northAvards had
it disclosed nothing payable. The shaft was an upthrow on the north side. This discovery
sunk another 103 feet, making the total depth led to the opinion that the principal vein worked
1,228 feet from the surface. At 1,165 feet the by the Queen Company at the 500-ft. level was
country changed, and at the 1,220 ft. level a plat identical wath the payable vein worked north of
was cut, and a cross-cut opened for 74 feet west. the cross-course by the ISTorth Queen Company.
1,220-feet Level.—The cross-cut west at this The following yields were recorded:—
level was put in 415 feet, and passed through
the Indicator, the Large Slate and the 4-ft. Slate. Year. Ore Crushed. Gold Y'ield.

East of the Large Slate a drive was put in south

along a vein that yielded 4 dwt. of gold to the Ton.s. oz. dwt. gr-
ton for a length of 30 feet. A rise of 58 feet 1879 .. 5,187 2,093 2 0
1880 (half-year) 4,024 2,302 5 23
was put up in the Large Slate, but no further
1881 (half-vear) 5,263 3,524 14 4
prospecting was done, and the level was abandoned
in 1900.
In 1883 the claim was taken possession of by
The following yields were recorded:— the Black Hill Company.
Year. Ore Crushed. Gold Yield. QTJEEN NO. 2 COMPANY.

This company was formed in the boom of 1880-

Tons. oz. dwt. gr. 1881. Operations began with the cleaning out
1884 (1 quarter) 260 120 0 0
1885 (1 quarter) 24 24 0 0
of an old shaft on Black Hill Flat. At the 380-ft.
1886 .. 927 858 17 0 level cross-cuts were put in 220 feet east and 200
1887 .. 1,830 1,104 1 22 feet west. At the 280 ft. level the "Western lode
1888 .. 923 983 4 3 was cut at 214 feet west of the shaft, and a level
1889 (3 quarters) 5,941 1,617 14 12
1890 .. 12,830 2,603 16 12
was driven 227 feet south along it to test the
1891 .. 4,467 885 16 12 western part, the eastern part being too poor to
1892 (1 quarter) 551 149 4 0 be worth a trial. At 116 feet from the shaft
1893 .. a rise connected with a winze sunk from a drive
1894 .. 2,238 706' 8 6
1895 ..
from the old ISTo. 1 shaft in the Black Hill cut-
1896 .. 2,707 856' 7 0 ting, and this helped to correlate the various
1897 .. 6,150 1,214 i 0 strata. At 24 feet from the shaft there was a
1898 .. 3,291 302 4 0 "vertical," which corresponded to the big ver-
1899 (1 quarter) 125 9 1 0
tical west of the Queen Grit in the Queen Corn-
pan v's mine.
Between 1884 and 1899 82,500 tons of ore The onlv vield recorded is 19 oz. 6 dwt. from
yielded 16,500 oz. of gold, and dividends 00 tons in 1881.
amounted to £8,000.
QUEEN NORTH COMPANY.

This company was formed in 1880 to work a

QUEEN COMPANY.
portion of the Black Hill Company's ground on
The Queen Company, a tribute of the Black Black Hill Flat. A n old shaft was cleaned out
Hill Company, on the Black Hill Flat, was to a depth of 220 feet, and at 210 feet drives west
formed in May, 1879. ' It secured the N"o. 1 shaft for 310 feet and north for 250 feet were disclosed.
of the Black Hill Company (see p. 127) and by the On extending the western drive a body of poor
close of 1879, operations were in progress at the quartz with much water in it was struck at 390
500-ft. and 600-ft. levels. The shaft was sunk feet. During 1881 shaft-sinking began, and at-
to a depth of 712 feet by the end of 1882', and tained a depth of 530 feet by the end of the year.
work was carried on until August, 1883. The Above the 210-ft. level bores were put to a height
mine then became the property of the Black Hill of 50 feet on the Indicator, Eastern and
Company. Queen Slates, but no quartz was met with. In
1882 payable quartz was found on the Queen
Several large nuggets were taken from this Slates at th.e 427-ft. level. This qnartz opened
claim on the Indicator and neighbouring slates. up well throughout the year, 3,599 tons yielding
The largest weighed 225 oz. I t was found in a 1,774 oz. I n 1883 payable quartz 4 in. to 12 in.
quartz vein 2 ft. wide, in a rise put up 20 feet wide was located at the 337-ft. level in pyritic
above the 500-ft. level at 287 feet north of the slate, and a rise struck & vein at 30 feet carrying
cross-cut. From the same tribute block (Brain's) 1 oz. of gold to the ton. By July, 1883, the
several nuggets were taken from a drive south on quartz at the 427-ft. level was exhausted, and a
(he indidator known as the Mundio Grit. drive was put in north for 400 feet. A rise of
 151

50 feet from this level failed to locate anything The following yields were obtained:—
payable. At the 517-ft. level a drive on a pyiitic
slate was continued to 200 feet, and several bores
Year. Ore Crushed. Gold Yield.
were put up without proving payable stone.

Tons. OZ. dwt. gr.

1868 .. 800 200 0 0
QUEEN VICTORIA COMPANY. (approx.) (approx.)
1869 .. 3,224 640 7 16
The Queen Victoria Company, Canadian 1870 .. 9,134 1,875 8 22
1871 .. 13,990 2,013 1 0
Gully, was formed early in 1868, and was for- 1872 .. 20,564 2,773 9 0
tunate in discovering very rich specimens in 1873 . . • 19,581 1,612 10 10
March of that year. A trial crushing of 63 tons 1874 .. 3,592 1 721 12 3
taken from a reef 14 ft. wide yielded 25 oz. 5 dwt. 1
of gold. After paying the cost of cartage and
The average yield from the whole tonnage was
crushing, 10s. a ton, this left a good margin of
2 dwt. 17 gr.
profit. A second trial of quartz obtained in
eight days during April, 1868, yielded 52 oz. of
gold. B y July the main shaft had been sunk to REDAN AND ADJACENT GROUP OF MINES.
a depth of 105 feet, and a cross-cut had been
driven east. At 75 feet a lode 13 ft. wide was The successful opening up of the reef in the
cut, and at 132 feet another formation 12 ft. wide. Xo. 6 shaft of the Band of Hope and Albion Con-
West of the shaft two small veins were found. A sols, together with the results obtained by the ITew
battery was erected, and crushing commenced. Kohinoor towards the end of the 'seventies, led to
The mine provided a flutter in the value of shares the flotation of a large number of mines for the
during the latter part of 1868. Owing to a bad purpose of locating the continuation of the for-
crushing shares fell to 5s., hut in a few days rich mations which were proving so remunerative at
quartz was struck, and they rose to £5 5s. The the above-mentioned mines. Early in 1880 the
stone, though rich, was not as rich as expected, following companies were in existence. Some
and shares again fell to £1 7s., recovering to f l were at work; others were shepherding, and never
15s. started mining:—-
Balia rat Quartz.
In 1869 the company purchased a piece of land Band of Hope and Albion Consols.
adjoining the claim in Prince Eegent Gully, and liorth Band and Albion Consols.
sank the main shaft to 265 feet. The profits for ISTorth Band and Albion.
the quarter ending July, 1869, were £849 3s. North Band and Albion Freehold.
The results at the deeper levels did not prove as South Band and Albion.
satisfactory as those from the 160-ft. level and
Young Band and Albion.
above, and the deeper levels were not worked
Young Band Extended.
during 1869, 1870, and 1871. In 1870 the
ISTo. 2 Band of Hope.
quartz crushed came from the 160-ft. and 130-ft.
No. 3 Band of Hope.
levels and levels above, and averaged about 5 dwt.
No. 4 Band of Hope.
of gold to the ton. At the 160-ft. level the reef
Band of Hope Quartz.
was stoped for a width of 12 ft., and between
South Band of Hope Freehold.
the 130-ft. and 100-ft. levels for a width of 28 ft.
Band and Barton TJnited.
Above the 100-ft. level the stopes were from 30
ft. to 50 ft. wide on a formation consisting of Band and Barton Consols.
spurs and veins throughout the strata, with no Band and Barton No. 1.
defined walls. North Band and Barton.
St. George and Band.
New Burra Burra.
I n 1871 a cross-cut east of the main lode at Benn's Freehold.
the 130-ft. level cut the Black lode at a distance Bremian's United.
of 157 feet. This lode was 2 ft. wide where cut
Sir Garnet Wolseley.
and widened out northwards. Work at the 210-
Briinn's Freehold TJnited.
ft. level was resumed in August, 1871, and a drive
Champion.
was put in northerly, the main workings lying in
Lord Chelmsford.
that direction from the shaft. I n 1873 the whole
Crescent.
formation, 35 ft. to 50 ft. wide, between the 160-
Crescent Freehold.
ft. and 210-ft. levels, was taken out and crushed.
New Crescent.
A pros])ecting cross-cut at the 2'10-ft. level inter-
Hawthorn's Freehold.
sected the Western lode, which was 2 ft. 6 in.
wide at 350 feet west of the shaft. ISTo. 2 shaft Jones' Freehold.
was sunk to a depth of 270 feet by September, South Kohinoor Freehold.
1873, but heavy water and lack of funds stopped East Kohinoor.
further work. I n 1874 prospecting to the south New Kohinoor.
of 1^0. 1 shaft at the 210-ft. and 260-ft. levels Pratt's.
yielded encouraging results. The 260-ft. level Eose Freehold.
south drive was connected with the ISTo. 2 shaft, a Serjeant's Freehold.
distance of 1,220 feet beings driven along the Smith's Freehold.
course of the lode. I n 1872 the maximum ton- Smith's Freehold United.
nage was treated, and afterwards the available Star of the East.
ore dwindled until all of it that was payable be- Wilson's Freehold.
came exhausted in 1874, and operations came to Washington.
an end. The ground was afterwards secured by Young Washington Freehold.
Manners (see p. 234). Waterwheel-
 152

The larger of tliese companies are dealt mtli Band and Barton Consols Company.
separately, but an epitome of operations at tlie The Band and Barton Consols Company was
smaller claims, so far as ascertainable, is given formed in 1880, after the settlement of the litiga-
^elow: — tion between the Band of Hope and Albion Con-
sols with Barton and others (ISTo. 1 jumps) and
Ballarat Quartz Company. White and others f l f o . 2 jumps) (see p. 28V The
The Ballarat Quartz Company secured a lease ground was leased on tribute from the Band of
in wbich there was an old tunnel 200 feet long Hope and Albion Consols for a term of fifteen
and a shaft 4-0 feet deep, striking a quartz reef years. This block included ISTo. 8 shaft and
6 ft. wide. In 1880 a shaft was sunk to a depth machinery of the parent company, which was to
of 216 feet, but levels opened out east" 108 feet receive 7^ per cent, of the gross yield of srold.
and west 58 feet from the shaft intersected only The ISTo. 8 shaft had been sunk to a depth of 321
a small mineralized spur 9 in. wide. Operations feet bv the original owners, and as it was perfectlv
ceased early in 1881. dry, the expenses of the Band and Barton Consols
were small. A sum of £1,200 was placed to the
credit of the company when formed, and this suf-
Bavd and Barton United Oomfany. ficed to extend a cross-cut 310 feet east, where
The Band and Barton United Company was quartz leaders showing gold were found. A winze
formed in 1881 as the result of the amalgamation was sunk on this formation to a depth of 120 feet
of the Band and Barton Consols and the Band prior to amalgamation with the ISTo. 1 Band and
and Barton JTo. 1 companies. Prior to the amal- Barton in February, 1881.
gamation of this company with the ISTorth Band
pnd Barton Company in September, 1882, the Band of ITope Quartz Company.
''haft was 610 feet deep, with workings at the 400-
The Band of Hope Quartz Company, which
f^., 500-ft. and 600-ft. levels. Stoping was car-
beld a claim on the northern side of Barling-
ried out at and above the 500-ft. level, where
street, east of Skipton-street, began sinking in
there was an immense body of quartz. For the
1878, and by 1879 had sunk to a depth of 316
twelve months ending Febniary, 1882, 7,568 tons
feet, where gold-bearing quartz was found. In
nf quart?; vielded 2.002 oz. of gold.
1880 the companv became a prominent gold pro-
ducer, and dividend-payer. At this time the for-
Banns Freehold Com'pany. mation had been opened for a length of 360 feet
from north to south, and 300 feet of it was pay-
Benn's Freehold Company began operations in
able quartz from 10 ft. to 12 ft. wide.
Januarv, 1880. The shaft was sunk 403 feet,
and, at this depth, cross-cuts east. 95 feet, and
Crescent Freehold Company.
west, 74 feet, _were put in. At 40 feet east of
the shaft a drive was put in alonjj a small leader The Crescent Freehold Company, formed in
4 in. wide, and showing a little eold in countr-i^ 1870. occupied a position north of and ad;ioÍTiing
highly charged with pyrites. The 2T0-ft. level the Young Band and Albion Company. The
was also_ opened out with a drive 70 feet long shaft passed through two layers of basalt, the
and a winze 35 feet deep from the drive, but no first at 67 feet and the second at feet, where
payable stone was found. A rise 70 feet above the shaft bottomed. At a depth of 151 feet the
the 270-ft. level broke through to the alluvial. Western lode, 12 ft. wide, and carrving gold, was
At the 360-ft. level a cross-cut was put out 75 cut, and at a depth of 290 feet the east cross-cut
feet west without success, and at the 400-ft. level passed throuirh several gold-bearing veins, which
a winze in the east cross-cut at 30 feet from the were too small to work.
shaft was also unsuccessful. "Work ceased in
^farch, 1882. In July the mine was let on tri- In February, 1880, the N'ew Crescent Company
bute, and the east cross-cut at the 400-ft. level wa=! took over the mine. The shaft, which was then
extended 30 feet, passinjr through two makes of 377 feet deep, was deepened, and the 393-ft. level
quartz 1 ft. wide, dipping east. As no pavable was opened out. Payable quartz was cut in the
ore was found the mine was closed down before east cross-cut at this level before the close of 1880.
the end of 1882. Prior to striking the payable ore, £3,450 had
been called up, hut towards the end of 1880 the
company paid dividends. After several pay-
Brünn's Freehold United Company. ments, however, the gold-bearing quartz suddenly
cut out towards the end of 1881, and calls had to
The claim belonging to this companv was situ- be paid once more. Bv the end of 1881 the shaft
nted near the comer of South and Raglan streets. was 603 feet deep with cross-cuts started at the
Operations bea-an in Februarv. 1880. ' The shaft
600-ft. level. Payable stone was located between
passed throush 72 feet of basalt, and entered a
the 400-ft. and 450-ft. levels, but nothing of value
body of drift with much water. A winding
was discovered at the 500-ft. level, although a
plant was installed, and the shaft was sunk to a
depth of 146 feet. J^To further records are avail- western cross-cut was p^ut in 200 feet and an
able. eastern cross-cut 122 feet. A winze from the
500-ft. level was sunk on the Western lode, and
connected, in 1882, with a rise from the 600-ft.
Band and Barton No. 1 Company. level, some payable veins being found on the side
•of the lode. At the 500-ft. level the Eastern
The Band and Barton jSTo. 1 Company sank a lode, underlying west, was found at 276 feet from
shaft to a depth of 410 feet by the end of Janu- the shaft, and rises were put up to the 450-ft.
ary, 1881, to cut the continuation of the stone find 400-ft. levels: gold-bearing veins were met
being worked by the Young Band and Albion and with in workings from these rises. By the end
the Crescent companies. In February this com- of 1882 the Young Band Extended lode had been
pany united with the Band and Barton Consols proved unpavable, although opened to a depth of
TO foiTii the Band and Barton Uiuted Company. 500 feet. The shaft was sunk 600 feet in all.
 153

The gold yields from the company were:— The following yields were recorded:—

Tear. Ore Crashed. Gold Yield. Year. Ore Crushed. Gold Yield.

tons. oz. dwt. gr.

Tons. 07.. dwt. er. 1880 2,844 957 11 17
1880 .. 2,137 806 14 0 1881 7,264 2,568 17 10
1881 .. 7,432 2,717 13 2 1882 1,164 235 18 12
1882 .. 1,672 328 8 12 1883
1885 .. 189 675 9 7
886 .. 510 286 12 18
1
North Band and Barton Company.
North Bund and Albion Freehold Company. The ISTorth Band and Barton Company was
formed in 1882 by the amalgamation of the I^orth
The ISTorth Band and Albion Freehold Com- Band and Albion and t h e " Band and Barton
pany adioined the Band of Hope and Albion United companies. The shaft of the original
Consols Company on the north. The company, Band and Barton Company formed the ISTo. 1
formed in 1879, besan shaft-sinking, and by the shaft of the new company. The shaft of the
end of_ the year attained a depth of 300"feet. N"orth Band and Albion Company, the TTo. 2
Shaft-sinking was then suspended until machinery shaft, the shaft of the Band and Barton Consols
was installed. The shaft passed through several (originally the No. 8 shaft of the Band and
Larffe rich quartz spurs, including two at 197 feet Albion Company), the E"o. 3 shaft of the new
and 225 feet respectively, each 3 ft. wide, and a company.
third at 2'89 feet, which was equally rich, but
B y the end of 1882 most of the mining: opera-
smaller. I n the workings a slide affected the
tions were carried on at ISTo. 1 shaft, where the
quartz, and no defined lode was located. Early
main lode was being stoped to a depth of 600 feet.
in 1880 the machinery was installed, and shaft-
At this level the lode was payable. A t ISTo. 2
sinkiner was resumed.
shaft the lode was 3 ft. wide in ISTo. 7 level, and
In 1881 the shaft passed through a well-defined carried fair gold.
lode, which pitched south nnd underlay westerly Early in 3 883 the lode worked above the 500-ft.
and showed gold freelv. The 5S6-ft. level north and 600-ft. levels (ISTo. 1 shaft) became broken
and south on this lode, proved a good shoot of and poor, and the yields fell awav. B y the end
payable stone from one end of the mine to the of 1883 the ISTo. 1 shaft was 795 ft. deep, and the
other. Another, the 6l7-ft. level, cut the lode lode had been cut at 95 feet west of the shaft. At
west of the shaft in ISTovember. 1881. Arrange- this point there was well mineralized quartz 3 ft.
ments were made to work the Band and Barton's wide, which continued in the north drive for a
Companv's eastern ground, which consisted of a lenerth of 20 feet. South at 35 feet the stone was
lone- narrow strip. Tn this ground the ISTorth broken up, but winzes sunk below the level above
Band and Albion Company struck the continua- disclosed payable ore 3 ft. wide. During 1883
tion of the stone then beinsf worked bv the Younar 12,421 tons of ore crushed yielded 4,362 oz. of
Band Extended Company, who^e claim was situ- gold. In 1884 a better grade of quartz was ob-
ated to the north-east. This stone proved more tained from the N"o. 1 shaft by the opening up of
than payable, and before the close of 1881 the the 800 ft. f m . 6) level. At the 895 ft. r m .
company bearan to distribute dividends. Tn 1882 7) level the lode was cut at 122 feet west of the
the company amalgamated with the Band and shaft. At this point it was 1 ft. 6 in. wide,
Barton United Company to form the ISTorth Band broken up and poor, and under the influence of
aufi "Parton Company. a slide, and in the drive south it continued small
Tbfi following: yields were recorded from. and poor. The good stone above the Wo. 6 level
i.cpO: extended only for a short distance, and then poor
stone was met with. The prospecting drives at
Period.
Oi-f Gold Yipld. the ISTo. 5 level revealed only poor ore. ISTothing
Crushed. Dividends.
of note was found at ISTo. 2 shaft, where prospect-
ton."'. 07.. dwt. ST. ing operations were continued throughout 1884,
18Sn (last quarter) 725 217 0 0 in the middle of which year dividends ceased.
1881 (third qnartpr) 2.203 17 0 1,800
1882 (first half) 6,698 1,500 1 0 In 1885 operations at ISTo. 1 shaft were confined
I to driving on the lode at the ISTo. 7 level, and to
prospecting in the upper levels. All work at IN'o.
No. 3 Band of Hope Company. 2 shaft ceased in September. The l^o. 1 shaft
The TTo. 2 Ep.Tid of Hope Company had sunlc was sunk, and the 980-ft. level was opened by the
its shaft to a depth of 370 feet by March, 1880, end of 1885.
nnd various drives were pnt in to test the quartz During 1886 work at the 980-ft. level ceased,
mnlies passed thronech in sinking. At 15 feet and the lower levels were flooded, owing to the
below the 300-ft. level a spur 6 ft. to 7 ft. wide, and mines on the north ceasing operations. "Work
carrying erood gold, was found. During 1880 the was resumed at the 600-ft. level on the west side
large bodies of quartz disclosed in the workings of the main lode, and a parallel line ("the Christ-
were found to be poor, but the smaller veins were mas) was cut at a distance of 46 feet. This
richer, though some of them were very small. In track was 4 in. wide, and carried 2 dwt. of gold
i881 a drive was nut in on a vertical lode that to the ton. Prospecting in the upper levels
showed a little gold at times. B y September, failed to locate anything of value, and these levels
1881, the shaft wa.s 400 feet deep.' The quarts were let on tribute.
met with in the lower levels during 1882 and 1883 In 1887 the mine was unwatered, the 700-ft.
was poor, and in June, 1883, the mine was let on level west cross-cut was extended, and towards the
tribute. Payable ore was worked above the N'o. end of the year the western lode-track was cut at
2 level, and unsuccessful prospecting was carried 48 feet from the main lode, but it was small. The
out on small veins near the lode. The company 800-ft. level cross-cut intersected the track at a
was wound up in November, 1883. similar distance west of the main lode. Drives
 154

were put in 100 feet nortli and 60 feet south Sergeant's Freehold Company.
along the Hue with no better results, the lode then
Serjeant's Freehold Company was formed in
being proved small and valueless from li'o. 2 level
August, 1878, to work a claim extending 440 feet
to No. 6 level. At the 900-ft. level the north
drive on the Consols lode intersected gold-bearing along the line of the Consols reef. In the shallow
quartz, on which stoping began, but the country levels the country was much broken, and quartz
proved to be broken by a mimber of slides. The spurs were frequent, some highly payable, and
980-ft. level was driven south through the cross- others poor. B y the 9th of October," 1879, the
course on the lode, which kept small and ])oor; company had crushed 228 tons of quartz, averag-
but at 180 feet north of the cross-cut the lode in- ing 9 dwt. 16 gr. of gold to the ton. This stone
creased to 3 ft. wide, and carried visible gold for came from a depth of 220 feet. Stoping below
a length of 40 feet. this level was carried on Avhile the shaft was l>eing
Shaft-sinking was resumed, and by the end of sunk at the close of 1879.
1888 the depth was 1,080 feet. At this level the
Early in 1880 the 280-ft. level was opened
lode was cut by a cross-course near the cross-cut.
out, and cross-cuts passed through a body of
In the north drive the lode was small for 130 feet,
quartz 70 ft. wide, extending from 30 feet east
and did not improve in value as far as the boun-
of the shaft to 70 feet west of the shaft. The
dary of the lease. In the south drive for 170
cross-cuts were extended to 185 feet east and
feet the lode averaged 8 in. wide, and was poor,
135 feet west of the shaft. The quartz,
and in the remainder of the level, which was con-
which was followed north to the Band of Hope
tinued to within 70 feet of the south boundary,
Company's boundary, carried payable gold all
it was only a small track.
the way, and a large amount of ore was won.
Further shaft-sinking be^-an in October, 1889,
By the end of 1880 the 452-ft. level was being
and during 1890 the i a 8 0 - f t . and 1,280-ft. levels
opened up. At this depth the formation, which
were opened. At the 1,2'80-ft. level a diagonal
was 140 ft. wide on the northern boundary,
drive was put in north-westerly to cut the stone
yielded a large quantity of ore. A rise at the
then being worked by the adjoining Sir Henry
boundary proved quartz for 70 feet above the
Loch Company. This lode, 3 ft. wide, and carry-
level. The south drive was connected with the
ing visible gold, was cut at 110 feet south of the
Crescent Company's workings, where a large
boundary. The 1,180-ft. level cross-cut inter-
quantity of payable ore was proved. Levels were
sected the lode where it was 2 ft. wide carrying
opened at 425 feet, where a large body of quartz
a little gold. The drive on the lode at 1,280-ft.
was cut, and at 476 feet, where the country proved
level proved the stone to carry about 6 dwt. of
to be hard, and to carry little qiiartz. At 155 feet
gold to the ton up to the boundary, but during
west of the shaft in the 476-ft. level a well-defined
1891 work in this part of the mine was stopped.
lode 5 ft. wide, between good walls, was cut, and
An east cross-cut at the 1,280-ft. level passed
was followed south to the boundary of the claim,
through a pyritic seam at 211 feet, and a track
where a vdnze was sunk to a depth of 50 feet.
at 330 feet, but it proved nothing of value be-
This lode was so promising that the sinking of
tween this point and the end at 400 feet. At the
the main shaft was resumed in July, 1881. The
1,180-ft. level the drives from boundary to boun-
Eastern lode workings in the upper levels provided
dary revealed nothing of value. At l i o . 2 shaft
the bulk of the ore for crushing, the ore in the
a block of ground was secured from the Band and
«topes at the 476-ft. level being poor.
Albion Consols Company in 1891, and was worked
on tribute with fair results. In 1892 the lower
In 1882 a large body of quartz was found be-
levels were abandoned, and the upper levels were
tween the two lines of reef country, and at the
worked on tribute. The tributers were successful
450-ft. level good payable quartz was found at
in locating payable ore, and during 1893 they
125 ft. cast of the shaft. This stone did not rise
maintained a good output from veins east of the
above the level in 300 feet of driving along its
shaft at ISTos. 1, 2, and 3 levels.
course, but pioved payable. The Western reef
In 1894 the average yield was low, and the was from 5 to 6 ft. wide at the 450-ft. level.
spurs were small. The cessation of operations in
the mines to the south and the closing in of the During 1881 and 1882 the quartz crushed gave
old shafts made ventilation difficult for a time. satisfactory returns, but in 1883 its value fell
The quality of the veins improved slightly in away. At this time payable stone Avas found
1895, but nothing profitable to the company was on the Western lode, the shaft was sunk to a
found. depth of 570 feet, and the lode was cut at 185 feet
During 1895 the company amalgamated -n=ith from the shaft early in 1883. It was poor where
the Sir Henry Loch Company to form the Sir cut, but, although it improved when driven on
Henry Loch TJnited Company (see p. 156)-. Prior south, it was not payable, and rises on it were
to amalgamation the following yields were ob- also unsuccessful in locating anything payable.
tained :—^ A cross-cut 200 feet east at the 570-ft. level met
with no better results. A body of payable quartz
Year. Ore
Crushed.
Gold Yield. Dividends. was found 14 feet above the 460-ft. level at 50
feet east of the Western reef, and this was worked
tons. oz. dwt. gr. £ s. d. for a length of 120 feet, where the payable stone
1882 (6 months) 8,429 3,877 15 0 4,933 17 0 died out.
1883 10,376 3,846 16 0 2,446 0 0
1884 6,154 2,797 12 6
1885 (1 quarter) 1,039 .396 13 0"
• •
In 1884 and 1885 a large output was main-
1886 (3 quarters) 1.152 305 12 10 tained; but, as the greater part of the workings
1887 (half j-ear) 345 80 18 6 were let on tribute, the company's profits were
1888 (3 quarters) 666 185 15 15 small. A small dividend was paid in 1885.
1891 (half year) 570 130 4 0
1892 1,428 269 16 12
IMost of the ore came from the 340-ft. level and
1893 (3 quarters) 1,552 451 7 0 above. In 1886 the yields fell away consider-
1894 2,084 643 13 12 ably, but operations were continued by various
1895 (2 quart-rs) .. 1,943 359 5 0 tributers until the end of 1887.
 155
The following yields are recorded :— averaged 2 ft. 6 in. wide, and was of fair value.
The quartz continued northwards to the
Ore
Year.
Crushed. Gold Yield. Dividends. boimdary.

In jSTovember, 1893, a cross-cut opened west at

tons. oz. dwt. gr. £ s. d. the 1,620-ft. level cut the lode, which varied in
1879 (9 months) 1,632 660 5 6
1880 9,501 2,879 17 0 900 0 0
width from 6 in. to 3 ft. A rise connected to
1881 18,724 3,967 17 0 2,000 0 0 the level above, and stoping began from an inter-
1882 15,211 3,190 3 0 mediate level on quartz 1 ft. 6 in. wide. A slide
1883 9,270 2 , 0 7 4 13 2 or fault between the 1,620-ft. and 1,509-ft. levels
1884 7,183 2,138 5 12
1885 8,347 5,193 7 0
disturbed the lode, which diminished in size and
350 0 0
1886 3,882 1,072 16 22 value. The north drive at the 1,620-ft. level was
1887 (1st quarter) .. 470 63 18 12 extended to the boundary, and the south drive
to 245 ft. from the cross-cut. In 1894 two winzes
were also sunk below the level in ore similar in
SCANDINAVIAX COMPANY. appearance to that in the levels above, but mostly
oi low value. The supply of payable ore in
The Scandinavian Company erected a battery sight was limited, the lode being broken through-
on the bank of the Yarrowee Creek in 1858, and out the full length driven above the 1,620-ft. level.
Avorked a prospecting claim on the Scandinavian During the latter part of the year 1894, a cross-
or White Horse reef. The company employed cut at- the 1,730-ft. level reached the lode where
20 men, and the machinery consisted of a 12-head it was also broken up, the track being filled with
battery and a 10 h.p. engine. The yield from prushed slate and a little quartz. Early in 1895
the quartz varied, but the general average in Sep- various tributes in the upper levels were granted,
tember, 1858, -was 15 dwt. to the ton. "Weekly and resulted in small bodies of payable stone
dividends were as high as £20 per man. being located. Difficulty with water arose, owing
to the stoppage of pumping at the Kohinoor
SIR HENRY LOCH COMPANY. mine on the north, and at the liorth Band and
The Sir Henry Loch Company was formed Barton mine on the south, and in August, 1895,
in 1884, taking over the claim of Smith's Free- the Sir Henry Loch Company was wound up and
hold United Company, and it was reorganized the Sir Henry Loch United Company was
in 1885. The shaft was enlarged, and sinking formed.
was recommenced at 770 feet from the surface
before the end of the year. By August, 1887, The following are the recorded yields:—
the shaft was 923 feet deep, and a cross-cut was
put in to the lode at the 852-ft. level. Drives 1

north and south on the lode proved 10 dwt. ore, Quarter Ending— Ore Crushed, Gold YMeld.
and a rise above the level 6 dwt. ore. The lode
ranged from 2 ft. to 8 ft. wide. In 1888 a cross-
cut at the 963-ft. level was opened to the lode, tons. Oz. dwt. gr.
March, 1888 1,380 693 14 18
which varied from 10 in. to 2 ft. wide, and con- June, 1888 860 428 0 18
tained payable gold and pyrites; 670 tons of September, 1888 410 393 7 6
quartz taken out from 225 feet of driving yielded December, 1888 1,393 1,045 13 0
602 oz. of gold. Payable ore was proved to 269
March, 1889 2,240 1,787 19 0
feet north and 317 feet south of the cross-cut at June, 1889 2,173 1,895 5 12
this depth. Early in 1889 the 1,072-ft. level was September, 1889 2,790 1,860 19 6
opened out to the lode at 181 feet from the shaft; December, 1889 2,825 2,232 7 0
this located a fine body of very payable quartz,
March, 1890 2,673 1,713 11 16
which extended northwards to the boundary and June, 1890 3,217 2,151 8 0
southwards for 250 feet from the cross-cut. The September, 1890 3,193 2,252 3 6
?iew Kohinoor Company, under agreement, December, 1890 3,348 2,123 18 0

worked the northern extension of the payable

March, 1891 3,193 1,958 3 0
stone from the 963-ft. and 1,072-ft. levels in the June, 1891 3,713 1,972 3 0
Sir Henry Loch mine until 1892. September, 1891 3,463 2,132 9 12
December, 1891 2,841 1,770 1 0
B y the end of 1889 a plat was cut at the
1,181-ft. level, and a cross-cut was started west March, 1892 3,298 1,661 12 0
for the lode, which was cut early in March, 1890. June, 1892 3,027 1,551 10 0
As development was ahead of stoping, nothing September, 1892 2,223 912 19 0
December, 1892 961 826 18 0
was done at this level for a considerable time be-
yond driving 350 feet on the course of the lode, March, 1893 2,610 2,060 7 0
the 1,072-ft. and 963-ft. levels yielding abun- June, 1893
dance of payable ore. Stoping above the level September, 1893 1,390 1,184' 18 0
December, 1893 1,982 1,956 11 0
began in September, 1890. Early in 1891 the
lode was cut at the 1,291-ft. level; it varied from March, 1894 2,210 1,679 9 0
1 ft. to 5 ft. wide in the drive for over 100 feet June, 1894 1,807 1,260 8 0
on either side of the cross-cut, but to the north September, 1894 1,173 691 5 0
December, 1894 1,044 '440 9 12
the payable stone was found to cut out. In
A_ugust, 1891, a cross-cut was opened out at the March, 1895 453 3 0
. 1
1,400-ft. level, and early in 1892 it intersected June, 1895
the lode, which varied from 2 ft. to 5 ft. wide, September, 1895 498 237* 6 12
December, 1895
and was payable.

In September, 1892, the cross-cut west at the

1,509-ft. level cut the lode at 310 feet from the The following are the available particulars of
shaft. In the north and south drive the lode eai-nings and expenditure from the inception of
 156

the Sir Henry Loch Quartz Mining Company to wide, and the face at this point showed good
22n(i August,1895 :— gold. A winze below this drive proved the lode
Paid-up capital, £12,000. to a depth of 23 feet to average from 2 ft. 6 in.
Gold won, 43,563 oz. 17 dwt. 18 gr.; value, to 3 ft. wide and to carry fair gold. The lode
£180,321 18s. 3d. had well-defined walls with a westerly underlie.
Dividends, £63,600. South from the winze the drive was put in 47
Wages, £64,940. feet, and a rise proved that the dark laminated
Royalty, £12,933. quartz cut out at 16 feet above the drive. A
Total expenditure, £196,290 16s. 2d. crushing of 120 tons of ore from these workings
yielded 84 oz. of gold; this was not payable,
SIR HENRY LOCH UNITED COMPANY.
and operations at the mine ceased. The stone was
subsequently mined after the company had amal-
The new company secured a larger holding
gamated with the Band of Hope and Albion
than the original company's. The Sir Henry
Consols to form the Band and Loch United Com-
Loch United Company repaired the south drives
pany (see p. 171) to^'ards the close of 1898.
leading towards the ISTorth Band and Barton
mine at the 1,400-ft. and 1,509-ft. levels, and The following are the recorded yields:—
extended them from 265 feet and 246 feet re-
spectively to 390 feet and 497 feet. During Quarter ending— Ore Cnished. Gold Yield.
1896 several thousand tons of quartz were raised
from an intermediate level and from stopes be- oz. dwt.
tons. gr-
tween these drives. The ISTorth Band and Barton June, 1896 3,074 1,635 10 0
shaft was repaired, and now formed the ITo. 2 September, 1806 2,621 672 7 0
shaft, and was connected at iTos. 8 and 9 levels December, 1896 2,661 1,667 15 0

with the 852-ft. and 963-ft. levels from the main 0

March, 1897 2,727 1,459 10
shaft. This portion of the claim was let on tribute, Jiine, 1897 Ü972 1,269 19 0
and so worked until September, 1896, when opera- September, 1897 2,241 955 14 0
tions ceased after 1,154 tons had been treated for December, 1897 2,374 711 16 0

238 oz. of gold. The working of this shaft was

March, 1898 60 5 0
a drain on the profits from the main shaft, and June, 1898 .
operations were concentrated to driving under September, 1898 'i20 88' 3 0
this portion of the mine at 1,509-ft., 1,620-ft.,
and 1.730-ft. levels. B y the end of 1896 the
1,620-ft. level was extended 200 feet in the south The returns 'from the Sir Henry Loch United
ground, and was connected with the 1,509-ft. Company to September, 1898, were as follows: —
level by a rise. The south face of the 1,509-ft.
level in September, 1897, was 709 feet from the Capital, £4,461 l i s .
cross-cut; the ore crushed during the previous Value of plant, £4,500.
six months came from this part of the mine, and Gold won, 10,679 oz. 13 dwt. 17 gr.; value.
yielded sufficiently well for £1,625 to be paid ii. £44,136 5s.
dividends as well as £908 in royalty. Dividends. £6.500.
Eoyaltv, £3,563 12s. 9d.
In 1897 the southern ground was further ex-
Wages," £21,456.
ploited. The 1,620-ft. level at 562 feet south of the
Total expenses, £54,556 12s. 4d.
cross-cut carried a body of stone 10 ft. wide, onl;y
the eastern portion of which was tested. At the
1,730-ft. level an angle-drive aimed at cutting the
S M I T H S FREEHOLD UNITED COMPANY.
lode south of the former workings, in what was
regarded as settled country; at 140 feet from the Smith's Freehold United Company was formed
cross-cut the lode was intersected, but was found in 1878. Shaft-sinking began, and prospecting
to be still in broken coimtry, which continued for the Band and Albion line of lode was carried
for 100 feet, but beyond this a solid lode of poor on continuouslv with little success until towards
quartz, from 1 ft. to 3 ft. wide, was driven on the end of 1881. At the beginning of 1882 the
to 405 feet from the cross-cut. An intermediate 605-ft. level had just been opened out, and the
level was put in from a winze sunk from the lode, 2 ft. to 3 ft. wide, was cut at 29 feet from
1,620-ft. level in the south ground. In this inter- the shaft. At 12 feet south of the cross-cut was
mediate level the lode for 90 feet north averaged a cross-course or slide beyond which some rich
2 ft. 6 in. wide, and showed fair gold, while south specimens were found, but the lode went under-
at 80 feet from the winze the lode was 5 ft. wide, foot. At the 700-ft. level the lode was cut at 71
but poor. In the 1,730-ft. level the south drive at feet west of the shaft; at this point it was a solid,
454 feet from the cross-cut proved the lode to be well-defined, highly-mineralized body, with gold
9 ft. wide but poor, and driving was discon- showing freely. In the south drive the lode aver-
tinued towards the end of 1897. Stoping above aged 3 ft. wide, and yielded over oz. of gold to
and below the intermediate level, chiefly north the ton. B y the end of 1882 the shaft had been
of the winze, yielded payable crushings, but no sunk to a depth of 780 feet. At 730 feet it
dividends were paid after the early part of 1897. passed through a lode-track underlying flat to the
Early in 1898 a winze was sunk below the west; this was cut at 45 feet in the west cross-
1,730-ft. level", and at 108 feet a cross-cut was cut at the 780-ft. level, and beyond it quartz
driven east from the Avinze. This cross-cut inter- spurs extended to the "Western lode over a width
sected at 39 feet a body of dark laminated quartz of 20 ft. The Western lode at this level was
2 ft. wide, showing fair gold, and below the in- solid, well-defined, from 6 ft. to 7 ft. wide, and
fluence of the faulted country. Drives north and gold-bearing, but unpayable. At the 700-ft. level
south on this quartz were begun in July, 1898, a drive was put in for 174 feet along the lode;
and all other operations in the mine ceased, the the quariz was 3 ft. to 4 ft. wide, and averaged
payable ore being exhausted. I n the north drive from 5 dwt. to 10 dwt. to the ton, but it did
from the winze the lode to 78 feet averaged 2 ft. not extend far above the drive. Sinking and
 157

stoping were carried out north of the cross-cut for The following yields were recorded:—In 1860
a depth of 25 feet and a length of 95 feet, with 100 tons yielded 26 oz.; and in 1861 a crushing
encouraging prospects, but the water became too of 600 tons from 150 ft. deep averaged 2 dwt.
heavy to be dealt with, and work ceased in July, 19 gr. to the ton, and another of 250 tons from
1883. The north drive at the 780-ft. level proved 125 ft. deep 2 dwt. 12 gr. to the ton.
the lode to average 2 dwt. of gold to the ton for
the first 70 feet, and 4 dwt, for the next 70 feet; SOUTH PLATEAU COMPANY.
a cross-course then Keaved the lode 5 feet west, The South Plateau Company began operations
and for 100 feet beyond this it carried little or in 1887. At 150 feet the shaft passed through
no quartz. Stoping between the cross-cut and a flat spur 6 ft. wide and carrying visible gold.
the cross-course was carried out to a height of Levels were opened at 200 ft. and 300 ft. from
45 feet to a slide, which heaved the lode 15 feet the surface, and the cross-cut east at the 200-ft.
east, above which no payable ore Vt'as met with. level passed through several veins, some of which
The following .yields f r o m the Smith's Free- carried a little gold. Between 320 feet and
hold United Company were recorded from 380 feet the shaft passed through some mineralized
1 8 8 0 :— spurs.
Vear. Ore Gold Yield. Kemarlis.
Operations ceased in 1888, but were resumed
Crushed. in May, 1889, when a drive was opened on a
spur that had been found at 60 feet from the
tons. oz. dwt. gr.
1880 .. 200 32 14 0 400-ft. level surface during shaft-sinking. A few feet from
1881 .. 2,200 240 14 17 600-ft. level the shaft this spur widened out to 3 ft. A trial
1882 .. 2,881 866 14 12 600-ft. le vel crushing of 108 tons yielded 46 oz. of gold, and
1883 .. 4,097 751 10 10 700-ft. to 780-ft. level
this led to the opening out of a level at a depth
of 135 feet. A rise put up from the 135-ft. level
at 80 feet east of the shaft cut the spur at 20
SMITH'S FREEHOLD COMPANY.
feet above the level, and a cross-cut 20 feet
•Smith's Freehold Company, a co-operative further east also intersected the quartz; drives
party, was among the. successful companies of the north and south were put in, the quartz varying
group.* Shaft-sinking began in 1879, and by tlie trom 1 ft. 6 in. to 2 ft. 6 in. wide and averaging
end of the year the shaft was down 275 feet. over 7 dwt. of gold to the ton in 1890. At the
In 1880 poor quartz was treated, but early in 300-ft. level a lode was cut at 115 feet east of
1881 rich quartz was being won from the 290-ft., ttie shaft, and a drive was put in for 500 feet
361-ft., and 421-ft. levels, and at the 361-ft. level along its course; it was from 1 ft. to 3 ft. wide.,
the quartz lying east of the main lode was from and mineralized.
50 ft. to 60 ft. wide. A t the 421-ft. level the By the end of 1890 the shaft was 705 feet
quartz was payable from the northern to the deep, and the 600-ft. and 700-ft. levels had been
southern boundary of the mine, and for 10 feet put in. A battery was erected and 540 tons of
above the level. ore from the stopes above the 135-ft. level yielded
In 1882 the east cross-cut at the 361-ft. level 130 oz. 16 dwt. of gold.
cut the eastern portion of the lode, which con- In 1891 cross-cuts east 132 feet, and west 428
sisted of small quartz veins in slate 30 ft. wide, feet, at the 600-ft. level were put in without
followed by a solid body of quartz 10 ft. wide. A meeting anything of value. At the 500-ft. level
rise on this formation proved quartz which was a drive 100 feet east of the shaft was put in for
gold-bearing, but not in payable quantity. The 550 feet south along a mass of spurs, and a cross-cut
483-ft. level was opened out in April, 1882, and east passed through a cross-course at 400 feet and
a number of spurs were found on the eastern was continued to 503 feet; then, as this failed
side of the lode at 120 feet f r o m the shaft. Drives to locate the continuation of the quartz proved
north and south, as well as stopes, were opened in the levels above, the levels to a depth of 300
out on these spurs during 1882. The payable feet were let on tribute. At the 700-ft. level
stone extended to a height of 20 feet above the the cross-cut intersected a lode-track at 160 feet
level. Operations were continued until 1883. west of the shaft, and a drive was started to the
The follovsdng yields from the Smith's Free- north along it.
hold Company were recorded from 1877:— During 1892 no favorable indications were
Year. Ore Gold Yield. Remarks.
met with in any of the drives, and early in 1893
Crushed. the attention of the company was directed to
the alluvial within the claim. Drives were
tons. dwt.
07.. gr.
1877 .. 1,.500 112 10 0 opened out from rises above the 300-ft. level,
1880 .. 6,400 2,006 11 19 295 f t . to 4 2 0 f t . and the ground between the Raglan and Cob-
1881 .. 14,727 3,730 0 12 Dividends, £4,900, 420 f t . bler's gutters was prospected without success.
1882 .. 6,418 1,831 12 14 Dividends, £1,212, 4 2 0 f t .
Tributers continued this work in 1894, and drove
to 430 f t .
1883 .. 4,636 1,370 3 9 Dividends, £800, 400 f t .
a total distance of over 800 feet before operations
to 4 8 0 feet. ceased in April, 1894.
In 1895 work was resumed by the company,
which was now known as the South Star Ex-
SOUTH CANADIAN COMPANY.
tended.
The South Canadian Company erected a bat-
tery of twelve heads in Prince Regent Gully in SOUTH STAR EXTENDED COMPANY.
1860. Quartz spurs were mined in a cutting on The South Star Extended Company began
the north side of the gully, and the average re- operations towards the close of 1895, and ex-
turn from them was under 5 dwt. to the ton. tended the western cross-cut at the 700-ft. level,
About 250 tons of quartz were crushed per week, which was already 164 feet long, repaired the
and by the end of ISTovember, 1860, small divi- 500-ft. level, and did some further driving there.
dends were paid to the eight shareholders. In the 700-ft. level cross-cut a track was inter-
• Bedan and adjacent group of minee.
sected at 300' feet west of the shaft, and drives
 158

were put in north and south along it; in the north (245 f t . ) Avas then opened in the shaft, and
drive mineralized quartz was followed for 90 a south drive from it cut the alluvial at 207 feet;
feet, and in the south drive the quartz varied i t c o n t a i n e d much A v a t e r , and as the ground still
from 1 ft. to 2 ft. 6 in. wide and carried a lot dipped south, no fm'ther work was carried out.
of black-jack and galena for 150 feet, but for The failure of the company to locate a pay-
the next 60 feet the lode became merely a track. able reef was the more unfortunate as a payable
I n 1897 the claim and plant of the Central quartz reef was reputed to have been found in
Plateau Extended Company (formerly knowni as former times by the Prince of Wales Company
the North Bonshaw) were purchased, and the in its alluvial workings within the boundaries
leases were amalgamated. A shaft on the newly- of the lease held by the South Star Extended
acquired ground bottomed at 160 feet, and was Company.
sunk to a depth of 250 feet; this became the SOA-EREIGN (BALLAHAT EAST) COMPANY.
X o . 2 shaft of the South Star Extended Com- The Sovereign Company, originally known as
pany, which abandoned its main shaft in Feb- the Ballarat East Company, occupied a position
ruary, 1898, and began sinking at this No. 2 on the summit of the range immediately south of
shaft. Sinking below 250 feet w^as done on con- Golden Point, where the alluvial deposits Avere
tract; the shaft was deepened 200 feet in eight first worked. I n 1868 a shaft was sunk to a depth
weeks, but then machinery had to be installed of 100 feet, and a cross-cut was driA'en at this
to cope with the water, and the shaft was con- level to intersect BroAvn's reef, Avhich had been
tinued to 640 feet. Cross-cuts w'ere started east worked by the Speedwell Company with payable
and Avest at a depth of 625 feet; the eastern cross- results. I n October the shaft was enlarged to
cut was put in 1,530 feet and the western cross- 9 ft. by 3 ft., and sinking was then resumed.
cut 912 feet from the shaft. I n both cross-cuts Early in 1869 shaft-sinking revealed two leaders
changes in the direction of the dip of the strata between 100 feet and 125 feet f r o m the surface,
were recorded, but, as no large formations were one 2 ft. and the other 1 ft. wide. A cross-cut
met wdth, little driving was undertaken. From at the 150-ft. level intersected two much-broken,
the mine manager's weekly reports the following west-dipping lodes east of the shaft, and at 160
particulars were obtained:—In the east cross-cut, feet west of the shaft a lode 12 ft. wide.
hard sandstone with small bars of slate and oc-
The shaft passed through a small leader carry-
casional leaders of quartz extended f r o m the shaft
ing gold (February, 1869) at 175 feet f r o m the
to 275 feet, where a lode-track 1 in. wide was driven
surface; a quartz spur 2 ft. 6 in. AAdde showing
on south for 370 feet; clean country was passed
gold at 203 feet; another gold-bearing spur at 344
through to 420 feet, where there was a black slate,
feet, and a large body of auriferous quartz carry-
followed by mineralized slates and occasional
ing much Avater at 372 feet. B y October, 1869,
black slates to 500 feet. For 600 feet from the
the shaft Avas 442 feet deep, and driving for the
shaft the strata dipped west, but from 600 feet to
Speedwell lode Avas begun at a depth of 415 feet.
700 feet easterly dips were mentioned; near the
I n November the faces on this lode, which was
latter point the dip changed, and some hard bars
45 feet east of the shaft, disclosed large bodies
of sandstone were passed through, with mucii
of quartz carrying coarse gold and a quantity
water at times. A t about 1,000 feet f r o m the
of auriferous pyrites. A rise to the 360-ft. level
shaft mineralized slates and sandstones were
Avas put up in a solid body of quartz.
found. A t 1,150 feet a formation of quartz 4 in.
wide and black slate of promising appearance was I n March, 1871, the mine Avas sold as a going
cut, and then slates and sandstones with quartz concern to Mr. Luth for £4,000; a new company
leaders, the strata dipping west to 1,250 feet. A Avas formed, and a scheme for deep sinking was
change of dip (syncline) occurred at 1,350 feet, initiated, AA'hich met with much local opposition
and beyond this west-dipping beds extended to at its inception. B y April, 1872, the shaft had
the face. A black and highly-mineralized track reached a depth of 527 feet, the last 16 feet in
3 in. wide was intersected at 1,435 feet; another payable quartz. A t 537 feet the shaft entered
2 in. wide at 1,524 feet; and a third 4 in. wide the cap of a payable west-dipping formation,
at 1,530 feet. These tracks were the continua- which continued in the shaft for 25 feet, and at
tion of the Prince of Wales lode, and they corre- 600 feet f r o m the surface it passed through more
spond to those in the Sebastopol Plateau X o . 1 quartz. Sinking was continued to 650 feet,
mine (see p. 194). A s the face of the crass-cut was Avhich depth was attained bv the end of the year
nearly on the boundary and as the lode-tracks 1872.
were small, no driving was carried out on these A t this time the mine workings comprised:—
tracks. Work in the east cross-cut .ceased in N o - 300-ft. level, a plunger chamber and cross-cut 40
vember, 1901. feet to the west; 360-ft. level, a plat and cross-
cuts east 50 feet and west 30 feet, with quartz
In the west cross-cut at 625 feet, the strata in both cross-cuts; 415-ft. leA'el, a plat and a
dipped west for over 200 feet. The country was cross-cut west 162 feet and east 489 feet, 200
hard with an occasional quartz spur containing a feet of which Avas driven by the present company,
little mineral and a large blow of quartz carrying leaving, it was supposed, 60 feet to be driven to cut
galena and black-jack at 190 feet from the shaft. the line of the Queen Victoria lode; 500-ft. level, a
From 200 feet to 400 feet the strata dipped east, cross-cut east 90 feet and west 80 feet to some
but from this point to the face at 914 feet the quartz; 570-ft. leA^el, a chamber on the north and
only recorded dips were westerly. The beds con- south sides of the shaft showing a large body
sisted of alternating slates and sandstones. As of quartz. The crushing material was being
no reefs of value were located in this cross-cut, mined at the 570-ft. level.
a level Avas opened f r o m the shaft at a depth I n 1873, prospecting was cari-ied out in the
of 200 feet, and a drive was put in south; this shallow levels Avith little success. T h e principal
broke through into wash at a distance of 100 supply of ore came f r o m the stopes at the 640-ft.
feet from the shaft. A cross-drive of 47 feet level. The shaft between 650 feet and 730 feet
along the Avash proved that the surface of the was chiefly in quartz. A level ( 7 1 0 f t . ) was
bedrock had a southerlv fall. Another level opened o u t about the middle o f the y e a r . A t the

k
 159

570-ft. level a cross-cut was put out west, aud by and to the Mining Registrar inserting the total
the end of the year 1873 the face was 600 feet crushings as if they all came from the Sovereign
from the shaft. The large make of quartz cut in mine.
the shaft gave out in the north drive, but, after a The following yields are recorded:—
blank of 40 feet, it made again, and became larger
and richer. A t the 640-ft. and 710'-ft. levels, slides
Company's Eecords. Mining Eegistrar's
displaced the lode, and between these slides the Eecords.
country was much broken. B y the end of the Period.
year the shaft was 760 feet deep.
Ore
I n 1874, tributers opened out a cross-cut east Crushed.
Gold Yield. Ore
C'ni.«hed.
Gold Y'icld.
betvv^een the 640-ft. and 570-ft. levels, and after
driving 10 feet struck a new ore body, which
ranged up to 30 ft. wide by a thickness of 20 ft., tons. oz. dwt. gr. tons. oz. dwt. gr.
fseptcmber to De-
and extended both north and south. The gold
cember, 1869 300 44 0 0
yields fell off during the latter part of the year. Quarter ending
Less quartz was obtained from the 570-ft. level, March, 1871 350 35 0 0
where the drive for 400 feet north of the shaft (Quarter ending
December, 187£
passed through disturbed country almost devoid of 1873 . .
700 80 0 0
11,350 1,-584 5 18 12,700 1.898 6 9
quartz. A t the 710-ft. level a party of tributers 1874 . . 2,041 8 18 15,798 2,458 15 4
(Sampson and mates) began work in jSTovember, 1875 . . 1,983 19 0 12,900 2,288 14 12
and opened up a large body of quartz 14 ft. to 1876 . . 10,790 1,463 5 14
17 ft. mde, and carrying from 3 dwt. to 4 dwt.
of gold to the ton. This discovery induced the
company to sink the shaft deeper, and to open SPEEDWELL COMPANY.

out at 70 feet below the 710-ft. level. The 500-ft. The SijeedAvell Quartz Mining Company, of
level carried good payable ore, but the other levels 20 shareholders, was formed in 1859, and began
were uninviting throughout the year, and were let operations on a claim at Poverty Point. Two
on tribute. shafts were sunk, and gold was struck in one at
I n 1875 the shaft was deepened, and the 780-ft. a depth of 60 feet in April, 1860. By October a
level was opened out. During the first half of battery of twelve heads was erected, and crushing
the year the 710-ft. level supplied large bodies of began, but the stone was poor, and the battery
ore, carrying 7 dwt. to 8 dwt. of gold to the ton. lay idle while further sinking was carried on.
The upper levels were worked by tributers with In January, 1861, good ore was struck, and nine
fair results. B y the end of the year the shaft days' crushing yielded 159 oz. of gold. A fur-
was 800 feet deep, and the lode, where intersected nace for roasting the pyrites before extracting
by the 780-ft. level cross-cut, yielded 8 dwt. of the gold by amalgamation was erected in 1861,
gold to the ton, the richest stone yet struck, but and proved to be a success. The tailings from
the sand pits were sent below to fill the stopes.
the supply of ore of this quality was small. A
Regular dividends of £10 to £20 per share were
new battery was installed.
paid during 1861 from 7-dwt. quartz, mined at a
In 1876 the yields fell away. At the 780-ft.
depth of 190 feet, but in 1862 the yields fell away.
level the north drive on the Black lode was put
The shaft was then deepened, and the reef was
in on contract. At the 400-ft. level the south
cut at 216 feet, where it was 5 ft. to 8 ft.
drive passed through a cross-course, and the lode
wide, and at 250 feet, where it was 40 ft. wide.
where picked up beyond this was 3 ft. wide and
About this date—October, 1862—the New Speed-
well defined. At the 300-ft. level the east cross-
well Company was formed, and took over the
cut intersected the Speedwell lode, and was let on
property (see p. 139).
tribute. At the end of the year the north drive
at the 780-ft. level was extended 200 feet along a The yields recorded are:—
poor vertical lode, and the south drive was in 1861 . . .. .. 852 oz.
232 feet; a trial crushing from these drives not 1862 . . .. . . 502 oz.
being satisfactory, work was susj)ended at the After the New Speedwell Company gave up
780-ft. level. The 710-ft. 640-ft., and 570-ft. levels the claim, another company, called the Speedwell,
were in bad order, and the 500-ft. and 400-ft. took possession in 1876. This company obtained
levels were worked by tributers; at the latter the following results :-
level work was in progress on a flat leader over Ore
Y^ear. Gold Yield. Depth.
500 feet north of the shaft. A trial crushing Crushed.
from a vein 100 feet north of the shaft yielded
tons. oz. feet.
4ri dwt. of gold to the ton. At the 260-ft. level 1876 420 30 130
a cross-cut east for 700 feet passed through the 1877 1,971 859 200-300
Western Slates and the Indicator, and several 1878 500 75 300
lodes and a drive was put in on the Western 1879 .. 624 229 180

Slates. During 1880 a tribute party worked at a depth

In 1877 the only work at the mine v\^as that car- of 250 feet with poor results until 1883, when a
ried on by tributers, who obtained 138 oz. 10 dwt. party of 22 men on tribute sank the shaft to 310
of gold from a crushing of 436 tons from the feet, and drove a level at this depth to the
400 ft. level. Two rises, one on the Western Slates northern boundary, a distance of 325 feet, where
and the other on the Indicator, were put up with- they put up a rise 20 feet, and connected with a
out satisfactory results, and in 1877 the company former whim-shaft. In this rise good gold-bear-
was wound up. ing veins were located on the Indicator, Streaky
Slate, Pencil Mark, and across to the Black
The yields from this mine recorded in the com-
Seam. The yields from the mine rose from a
pany's half-yearly reports and in the Mining R- -
few ounces to upwards of 250 oz. per fortnight,
gistrar s re ports do not agree. The discrepancies
and the dividends per man to £28 10s. per fort-
are probab .T due to the fact that the Sovereign
night, after paying 22^ pel cent. t5 Costin, who
Company's battery crushed for other companies,
 160

held the claim till his death. After this event 770-ft. level ore of fair quality was obtained from
the mine was purchased by Miss Cornwell the Indicator and Black Seam, The 840 ft.
( " M a d a m M i d a s " ) on behalf of a syndicate for level was opened early in the year, and the Indi-
£7,500, and the tribute party (Tregurtha and cator was located and driven on north 20 feet and
others) sold their tribute for £2,400. south 173 feet, a small vein being followed which
Prior to Miss Cornwell securing the mine the carried nice gold. JSTo. 3 shaft reached a depth
returns from the area were about 40,000 oz. of 530 feet by the end of the year. Driving at
About 1887 the Speedwell Proprietary Company the 300-ft., 400-ft. and 500-ft. levels was in pro-
took over the mine, and deepened tiie shait to gress. I n the 300-ft, level west cross-cut gold-
locate the continuation of the rich stone worked bearing stone was being worked on the 4-ft.
in the shallow levels, and which was cut off by Slate. East of the shaft some poor stone was
a slide or leather-jacket. In 1890 the discovery opened up. At the 400-ft. level a cross-cut put
of the Black Seam below the fault gave an in 360 feet east intersected some small veins.
indication of the total amount of displacement The cross-cut west at this level, which was 485 feet
caused by the leather-jacket. The yields for 1890 long, passed through several quartz formations.
were better than those of the preceding year. A rise on the 4-ft. slate was connected with
Early in 1891 the Indicator was picked up at the 300-ft. level. At the 500-ft. level drives were
the 510-ft. level, and drives were begun north and put in north and south on stone of fair quality
south on its course. A rise in the north drive at 125 feet west of the shaft.
passed through several gold-bearing veins crossing In 1898 the veins above the 430-ft. level in the
the Indicator. The upper levels provided an main shaft were small, but of fair quality. At
abundance of payable quartz during the year, the 630-ft. level a cross-cut was put out west to
many tributers being employed. the 4-ft. Slate at 240 feet west of the Indi-
In 1892 an air shaft was commenced south of cator. Mineralised quartz was here met with,
the main shaft, and quartz of good quality was and prospecting opened up large bodies of gold-
opened up. A specimen containing 62 oz. of gold bearing ore. Fair bodies of payable quartz were
was taken from the workings in this shaft. opened at the north end of the 700-ft. level on the
I n 1893 the shaft was deepened. The 630-ft. Indicator and Pencil Mark. The 770-ft. level
level was opened in several flat leaders, and below stopes were exhausted during the year. At the
this a large body of quartz 12 ft. wide was found 840-ft. level the south drive was extended to 533
in the shaft. At the 630-ft. level the Indicator feet. Several rises were put up on the Indicator,
was 60 feet west of the shaft, and a north drive and a make of stone that had been traced at
put in along some veins on it yielded some fine various levels from the 600-ft. level of the Llan-
specimens, including one of 30 oz. South a pay- berris Company was located at 40 feet over the
able vein was driven on. At the 500-ft. level a drive; stoping on this was begun, and good ore
large cross-course was found about 580 feet south was won, the first crushing of 58 tons yielding
of the main shaft, and a drive was put in for 150 33 oz. of gold.
feet along its course without locating the Indica- In 1899 the payable stone located over the 840-
tor. A winze was put down on the south side, ft. level was followed below the level by means of
but was abandoned owing to heavy water. Large winzes, some good gold being found on the Indi-
bodies of quarts were still available in the 390 cator. A cross-cut west off the south drive at the
ft. and shallower levels, and also from shallow 630-ft. level was driven at 600 feet south of the
shafts on the lease. main cross-cut out to the Western Slates,
In 1894 the 700-ft. level was opened, and the where unpayable quartz was found. The stopes
Indicator was located at 60 feet west of the shaft. at the 700-ft. level were exhausted, and early in
At the 630-ft. level the north drive was continued the year this shaft (No. 2 shaft) was closed down,
to the boundary, where a rise of 120 feet con- and all work was concentrated at the JN'O. 3 shaft.
nected with the Llanberris Company's workings The old main shaft was later reopened as the
and passed through payable veins. A drive was Llanberris No. 2 Company (see p. 229).
put in south for 650 feet from the shaft. Plenty At ISTo. 3 shaft a further sink of 40 feet made
of payable ore was still available in the shallow the total depth 722 feet by the end of the year.
levels. Prospecting at the 300-ft. level in the eastern
In 1895 the yield improved considerably, al- country revealed only a small vein with little
though the output of quartz was slightly smaller, gold. Stoping on veins was carried out at the
an average of about 1,000 tons a month being 400-ft. level. At the 500-ft. level the stopes on
milled. The bulk of this stone came from the the "Western Slates provided ore of fair quality,
Indicator and the Black Seam country. but patchy at times. A t 292- feet west of
In 1896 stoping was still being carried on at the shaft in the 600-ft. level a payable vein was
and above the 390-ft. level. Pair ore was also found, and driving north and-rising proved good
obtained at the 580-ft. level. The stopes over ore. On the " angle slip " break a drive was
the north drive at the 630-ft. level were exhausted. being pushed northerly to locate the Indicator,
At the 700-ft. level fair quality ore was being while southwards a drive was within 200 feet of
worked in the south drive on the Pencil Mark the li^ew liormanby boundary, where payable
and the Black Seam. The 770-ft. level opened ore was left. At the 700-ft. level stoping on
during the year failed to locate anything of low-grade veins was in progress. During the
value. The sinking of the ISTo. 3 shaft, which .year the ISTo. 3 shaft was connected to iiTo. 1 shaft
had been begun during the previous year, was by a tramway where power haulage was utilized.
continued, and early in 1896 the 390-ft. level was In 1900 the southern workings were connected
opened, wdiere a cross-cut wèst connected with the with the ISTew iN'ormanby workings at the 600-ft.
workings from the main shaft by a rise from the level, and large bodies of ore, which at times car-
630-ft. level, and ensured a good air supply. ried fair values, became available. At the 700-ft.
In 1897 the flat veins at the 390-ft. level con- level only low-grade ore was found, and a drive
tinued to yield fair gold. Above the 630-ft. level was put in south along the Eastern Indicator
in the rise and winze connecting with the 430-ft. country to get below the workings of the ISTew
level several quartz veins were worked. At the ISTormanby boundary. At the 600-ft. level veins
 161
on the Indicator were stoped north of the in-
iiy the end of 1880, the shaft was 371 feet deep,
fluence of the angle slip. A t the 400-ft. level
and a drive of 88 feet on the course of the lode at
a flat vein, yielding 15 dwt. of gold per ton, was
this level produced 79 tons of quartz, yielding
driven on, and a rise was put through to the 300-ft. 23 oz. 2 dwt. of gold. Prospecting at this level
level; in the north drive the stone was poor. At was pushed on, and quartz of good quality was
the 300-ft. level the quartz was poor; the west mined as far as a slide, which caused a falling off
cross-cut and a south drive were cleaned out to in the output. The shaft was deepened to 440 feet
reach a block of quartz reputed to occur around early in 1882. At the 440-ft. level a cross-cut
the old Sovereign shaft, but on reaching the shaft intersected the lode at 67 feet from the shaft, and
it was found to have been taken out. a drive was put in for 390 feet along the lode; a
In 1901 driving and stoping ou the ISTew X o r - large quantity of gold-bearing ore was opened up,
manby indicator was carried out at the 300-ft. and the drive was let on tribute towards the end
level. Very little work was done at the 400-ft., of 1882. Prospecting at this date in the 300-ft.
500-ft., and 570-ft. levels. At the south end of and 370-ft. levels was in progress. The tribute
the 600-ft. le^'el a rise was put up 208 feet; at this party continued at work until the yields became
height a cross-cut east intersected an auriferous poor at the end of 1884, and then ceased opera-
vein on the Indicator, and this was worked north tions. Shortly after this the company located a
to the cross-course. Xear the shaft, at the main larger make of quartz, 381 tons of which yielded
600-ft. level, gold-bearing quartz was intersected 207 oz. of gold, and this continued good during
aear the shaft, while in the north end veins were 1885. At No. 1 level a tribute party obtained
proved below the level by a winze. Stoping over fair gold from what was known as the Black
the north level was in progress on fairly good Mundic line of slate at 180 feet from the shaft.
stone, but the amount available was small. This was worked with good results until Septem-
In 1902 the ISTo. 3 shaft and portion of the-fease ber, when the yields fell away, and the tribute was
was taken over by the ISTorth ISTormanby Company, abandoned.
which entered into possession and worked the At No. 3 level good stone was mined both above
ground (see p. 234). and below the level, and was found to be pitching
The following yields were recorded trom the to the south and improving in quality; this led to
Speedwell mine (Nos. 1, 2, and 3 shafts) :— the sinking of No. 2 shaft. A large lode was
worked from a winze sunk below the southern end
Year. Ore Gold Y'ield. - Depth. of the 371-ft. level. The average value of the
Crushed.
stone crushed during 1886 was over ^ oz. to the
tons. oz. dwt. gr. ft. ft. ton; most of this ore came from workings below
1830 2,680 471 10 16 160-220 the 371-ft. level, where work was also carried on
18S1 2,880 732 8 8 150-220 with success during 1887. A new formation was
1882 1,625 0
7,400 0 200-210 located in June, 1887, and proved to be 9 ft. wide
1833 3,078 906 9 21 200-250
1884 3,710 786 15 10 200-254
in the southern portion of the mine at the 371-ft.
1885 1,268 287 1 18 314 level; drives and stopes proved a very extensive
1886 3,446 1,601 18 18 body of payable ore, and during the last half-year
1837 .5,830 1,596 5 12 8,376 tons yielded 5,747 oz. of gold.
1888 2,615 1,025 2 12
1889 4,661 2,041 10 10 In 1888 the average value of the ore decreased,
1893 4,939 2,667 15 12 but 11,000 tons crashed averaged over 7 dwt. of
1891 6,905 2,454 2 8 gold to the ton. In August, 1888, the workings
1892 13,006 5,156 9 0
from the No. 1 shaft were connected with those
1893 .. .. 11,886 4,673 12 0
1894 14,725 4,923 11 0 from No. 2 shaft. The tributers continued opera-
1895 .» 12,066 6,141 17 16 tions at the 370-ft. and 440-ft. levels with
1896 • • .» 10,253 4 , 4 2 4 16 0 moderate success throughout 1889 and until July,
1897 9,345 3,760 9 0 1890, when No. 1 shaft was abandoned and work
1898 8,999 3,250 0 3
1899 • . . . 15,395 4 , 2 4 4 12 0
was confined to the No. 2 shaft.
1900 • • • • 8,405 2,023 11 0 In Febraary, 1891, the No. 1 shaft was let on
1901 • •
4,177 9,651 0 0 tribute. It was deepened from 440 feet to 496
feet, and a cross-cut was opened out for the lode;
No. 3 shaft became the property of the [North only moderate success attended operations north
Normanby Company in 1902 (see p. 230). See and south of the shaft during 1891 or 1892, when
also Llanberris No. 2 (p. 229). blocks in the upper levels were also let on tribute,
but nothing of importance was located until work
SULIEMAN PASHA COMPANY.
ceased in 1895.
No. 1 Shaft. No. 2 Shaft.
The Sulieman Pasha Company began opera- The site for No. 2 shaft on the eastern side of
tions in 1878, and by the end of that year had sunk Main-street to the south of Humffrav-streot was
its shaft to a depth of 250 feet. At 180 feet from decided on early in 1885, and shaft sinking pro-
the surface a drive was put out through the old ceeded, the working of rich stone at No. 3 level, in
gutter workings, and some fair wash was located. the No. 1 shaft, being an incentive. This shaft
During 1879 the shaft was deepened, quartz worth was 1,250 feet south and 95 feet west of the No. 1
2' dwt. to the ton being passed through in sinking. shaft. During 3886 a depth of 393 feet was
A drive put along this stone proved ore yielding reached. In 1887 several flat veins were found
up to 4 dwt. of gold per ton, and the mine was let at about 500 feet from the surface. At a depth
on tribute. The tribute party, during the of 558 feet a cross-cut intersected the lode at 90
last six months of the year, drove and rose 845 feet east of the shaft. At this point a large bcdv
feet, and crushed 465 tons for a return of 78 oz. of highly-mineralized quartz was exposed, and
7 dwt. 18 gr. of gold; a flat vein, yielding 8 dwt. payable ore was obtained by driving and stoping;
to the ton, was worked at this time. Throughout for the first half-year 3,087 tons yielded 955 oz.
1880 the chief operations were at the 300-ft. level, 16 dwt. of gold. This average was not main-
where flat veins were prospected and stoped, tJie tained, for in October, 1888, stoping ceased, and
quartz averaging over 6 dwt. to the ton. drives were put in north and south; this work
4i24.—11
 162

opened up a wide, poor lode for 420 feet, and tlien at 575 feet, struck a cross-course, beyond which
for a time operations ceased. better country was found, and driving was con-
In March, 1889, tribute blocks were let both to tinued to 686 feet.
the north and to the south of the shaft; flat veins Shaft sinking was resumed in 1897 and con-
showing gold, but irregular in quality, were tinued to a depth of 970 feet. At the 950-ft.
located, and the main drive was put in north to level the east cross-cut was extended to 383 feet,
get below the workings of the li'o. 1 shaft. Tri- and the west cross-cut to 245 feet by June, 1898.
bute parties continued operations with varying The records of later workings are not available.
success throughout 1890 and 1891 at and above The following yields were recorded:—
this level.
The 427-ft. level was opened in 1889 and con- Date. Ore Crushed. Gold Yield.
nected with the winze workings at 440 feet below
the surface of No. 1 shaft, affording an easier
means for the working of the large bodies of tons. 07.. dwt. gf-
1880 .. 1,295 480 18 0
quartz there. The tribute parties worked through- 1881 .. 5,870 2,274 11 6
out 1890 and 1891, treating large tonnages with 1882 .. 2,990 667 11 17
fair success. I n September, 1891, shaft sinking 1883 .. 4,458 1,643 11 8
was resumed, and the 630-ft. level was opened 1884 .. 3,754 1,577 17 18
1885 .. 4,786 1,817 7 0
early in 1892; the lode was cut, and the level was 1886 .. 3,336 0 4
1,939
then let on tribute. At this date five tribute 1887 10,687 7,053 9 0
parties were engaged in the mine, the whole of 1888 .. 18,639 5,641 6 12
the workings being on tribute. Towards the end 1889 .. 13,380 5,191 7 12
1890 .. 12,055 4,624 2 11
of 1892 the shaft was deepened, and a level was 1891 .. 18.865 7,120 19 4 .
opened west at 700 feet to intersect the lode, which 1892 .. 16,345 5,311 16 0
proved large but poor. I n 1893 further sinking 1893 .. 17,185 5,134 1 10
was carried out, and a level was opened at 780 1894 .. 11,775 3,699 15 2
1895 .. 6,120 1,597 1 8
feet. Throughout 1893 the tribute parties main- 1896 .. 6,399 2,315 15 15
tained a large output, which averaged over 6 dwt. 1897 .. 3,447 1,692 19 6
of gold to the ton. I n 1894 the tribute party, at
the 700-ft. level, found a large body of payable
The total output to 1898 was 172,085 tons,
quartz west of that previously driven on at this
which yielded 62,698 oz. 11 dwt. Dividends
depth, and shortly afterwards payable stone was
located west of the main lode. The north drive amounted to £22,050.
was continued to 548 feet from the cross-cut, and SURPRISE COMPANY.
cross-cuts east and west passed through the lode The Surprise Company, of four shareholders,
without result. was one of the early parties to mine quartz on
At the 780-ft. level cross-cutting east and west Black Hill, on the eastern side of which it in-
was carried out in 1894, and the west cross-cut stalled a 6-head battery in 1861; the claim was on
passed through a lode of promising appearance. the apex of the hill. In 1861 the company claimed
In 1895 and 1896 payable ore was followed south the unique distinction of putting through the
to the boundary a distance of 370 feet, but north richest crushing in the district of Ballarat, a
to 564 feet from the cross-cut, although a strong parcel of 50 tons yielding 3 oz. of gold to the ton.
lode from 25 to 30 ft. wide was driven on, nothing The following yields were recorded in 1861:—
payable was located.
Ore Crushed. Gold per ton. Depth.
Shaft sinking was continued in 1894, and a
level was opened at a depth of 850 feet; a cross-
cut west intersected the lode, and a south inter- tons. oz. dwt. feet
gr-
mediate drive for 376 feet passed through strong 480 0 8 12 60 to 90
bodies of quartz, on which several rises were put 520 0 2 6
up without meeting the shoot of stone worked in 400 0 10 0 60
320 0 8 0 65
the 780-ft. level. 9 2 0 Ü 105
In 1895 payable stone was located above the
780-ft. level, and stoping proceeded with good re-
T O W N S H I P REEF COMPANY.
sults. In 1896, at the 430-ft. level, quartz carry-
ing from 3 dwt. to 6 dwt. of gold to the ton was The Township quartz reef, at the north-east
located on the Western Slates; ore of this corner of Sturt and Raglan streets, was dis-
quality extended from 48 feet to nearly 200 feet covered in 1854 or 1855, but, though it was tested,
north of the cross-cut. A rise from the 558-ft. little systematic work was done till 1859, when
level proved a body of quartz from 3 to 4 ft. some ore crushed at the Black Hill Company's
wide, which yielded 3 dwt. to 5 dwt. of gold to the battery yielded from 14 dwt. to 16 dwt. to the ton;
ton, and the block was stoped out during the year. this induced the Township Reef Company to erect
a battery of 12 heads. In August, 1859, the com-
In 1896 driving at the 850-ft. level was con- pany had two shafts, one 75 feet and the other
tinued north and south on the lode track. In the 112 feet deep. The reef was from 5 ft. to 6 ft.
north drive, to 287 feet, the stone was promising wide, and pitched south. A run of alluvial from
in appearance, and a rise put up to the 780-ft. the northern end of the vein, near Mair-street, to
level carried quartz the whole way. the Inkerman lead proved to be highly payable,
In the south drive the track continued for 2'30 two companies with steam plants paying dividends
feet, but it then gave place to a lode at 320 feet up to £28 per man per week. • The battery began
north of the cross-cut; a rise of 30 feet passed to crush quartz from the reef in December, 1859,
through small veins of quartz above the slide, and dealt with 180 tons a week. The battery
which expanded to 5 feet of quartz of px-omising sand was used to fill the stopes. The plant cost
»ppearance in the next 20 feet. The north drive, £2,300, exclusive of the labour of 20 shareholders.
 163

The gold in the reef was coarse, and 70 per cent, In December, 1860, the company was re-organ-
of it was caught in the boxes. In May, 1860, a ized as the New Township Reef Company, and
new shaft was sunk to a depth of 150 feet, but as shortly afterwards some quartz was located, but
no quartz was discovered, another shaft was it proved to be unpayable, and the mine lay idle
started to the south-west (Fig. 28). for a time.

H
LLl ^Shalt
UJ
cr
h-
tn

Scaie of Feet.
0 O
i 20 30 M

I2t
£Vm/ S£AT
New Shaft
BO/LEP SEAT

<
o SMITHS

< FORGE Qgjjrse^

(T

Copied from ifioe Piati dated ISSI.

i i g 28. J Ian, Tow/iship Mine, iiaJJaiat.

 164

TINWOBTH 3 MIXE. identical with a formation in the old quarry-hole,

This mine, which was privately owned, adjoined but a drive south along the footwall to the south
the Woah Hawp Canton. Indicator veins were boundary failed to locate any payable ore.
worked to a depth of 635 feet, and are reported to
have been very rich. In 1910 the property was 4. NEW M.AIE-STREET COMPANY.

purchased by the Woah Hawp Canton Company. The l^ew Mair-street Company, in 1880, sank a
The published yields are— shaft and opened out at a depth of 80 feet, where
a spur 2 ft. wide was cut at 8 feet west of the
Year. Ore Crushed. Gold won. shaft. A trial crushing of 40 tons yielded
10 oz. 18 dwt. 12 gr. of gold.
tons. oz. dwt. gr-
RAIUNE COMPANY.
1895 .. 741 169 0 0
1896 .. 1,990 1,0 .2 3 0 The Triune Company was formed in August,
1897 .. 2,584 1,629 4 0 1861, by the amalgamation of the Jenny Lind
1898 .. 1,035 1 0
2,408 and two smaller claims, south of the Ji'ew Per-
1839 .. 1,905 695 15 0
1£00 .. 2,010 758 0 0
severance Company, White Horse Ranges. The
ItOl .. 2,070 756 6 0 company consisted of 80 shareholders, 60 of whom
1902 .. 1,990 824 6 0 had expended £6,000 in all in the original claims.
1903 .. 1,260 352 16 0 A battery of 16 heads was erected, and prepara-
ltd .. 850 423 14 0
1605 .. 6/0 310 11 0
tions were made f o r sinking a large shaft in 1861.
1606 .. 1,285 172 18 0
T W O TON COMPANY.
1907 .. 670 330 9 0
1608 .. 425 298 4 0 The Two Ton Company, of five shareholders,
1909 .. 205 129 12 0 erected a 4-head battery in Two Ton gully, Black
Hill, in 1864. For a considerable time the miU
was occupied in crushing tailings from the
T O W N S H I P E E E F G S O U P OF M I N E S . puddling machines, about 8 tons being treated
The Hurdsfield " rush'' and the success of the every 24 hours. The average yield for a time
Band and Albion Company led to the opening up was about 6 dwt. of gold to the ton, but the mine
of the old Township line of reef in the vicinity of was chiefly noted for the remarkably poor quartz,
Sturt-street and to the north in 1880. A number which it was found worth while to crush, as may
of companies were formed, but, although a few be gathered from the following published re-
spurs carrying gold were located, nothing perma- turns :—
nent was discovered. Among the companies at
Year. Ore Crushed. Gold Yield.
work the following may be referred t o : —

1. COLLIS WASHINGTON COMPANY. oz. dwt. gr-

This company occupied a site on the north side 1864 .. 14,760 trucks 437 3 6
tens.
of Sturt-street. At a depth of 240 feet the lode, 250 0 0
1865 (3 quarters) 5,000
which was 2 ft. wide, was cut at 53 feet from the 1866 (3 quarters) 5,350 261 0 0
shaft, and was driven on north for 42 feet and 1867 .. 5,200 437 12 0
south for 43 feet; a crushing of 95 tons gave a 1868 .. 3,252 262 0 0
610 75 0 0
return of nearly 12 dwt. to the ton. At the 140-ft. 1869 ..
1870 .. 160 30 0 0
level a rise of 24 feet cut flat auriferous veins 1871 .. 1,600 459 10 0
from 2' in. to 6 in. wide. In August, 1881, work 1872 .. 1,620 162 0 0
was suspended. 1873 .. 1,630 266 5 5
1874 .. 920 167 15 0
The following yields were recorded:— 1875 .. 660 112 0 0
1876 .. .
1877 .. 845 146* 0 0
Year. Ore Crushed. Gold Yield. Depth.

THEDENNICK AND PARTY.

tons. oz. dwt. feet

1880
Tredennick and party erected a battery of 16
230 81 5 240 to 250
1881 1,056 413 14 140 to 150 stampers on the west side of the Old Post Office
reef in 1860, and crushed from a small claim, as
well as for the public, for many years.
2. MAnSHALL's FREEHOLD COMPANY.
UNITED BLACK H I L L COMPANY.
Marshall's Freehold Company, adjoining the
The United Black Hill Company was formed in
Collis Washington, sank its shaft in 1880 to a
September, 1875, by the amalgamation of the Rail-
depth of 300 feet, in the hope of meeting the same
way Resen^e, the Black Hill South, and portion
run of veins, but was unsuccessful.
of the Black Hill claims. The area was held on
tribute by a party of 80 shareholders for a term
3. LYONS-STREET FREEHOLD COMPANY.
of eight years. A shaft of the Black Hill Com-
The Lyons-street Freehold Company held four pany was deepened from 400 feet to 460 feet early
freehold allotments in Lyons-street north at a site in 1876, and the 480-ft. level was opened. Several
formerly known as the old quarry-hole. Opera- nuggets were found on the Indicator. The gold
tions began in February, 1880, and the shaft was yield for the first half of the year 1876 was
sunk to 157 feet. At 145 feet a cross-cut east in- 1,350 oz. 13 dwt. from 2,513 tons of ore crushed.
tersected a spur at 25 feet from the shaft, and a In 1877 a large quantity of ore was opened up at
drive was put in 53 feet south along the spur. A the 400-ft. level, and dividends were paid. Opera-
rise over the level and short cross-cuts failed to tions during the first half of 1878 were unprofit-
prove any quartz. A cross-cut driven to the able, but in June a vein was struck on the Indica-
western boundary of the claim intersected a for- tor at the 450-ft. level, which yielded several nug-
mation 4 ft. 6 in. wide, which was supposed to be gets. Shaft-sinking was resumed, and the 510-ft.
 165

level was opened in July, 1878. In 1880 a long The following are the yields:—
cross-cut west was put out for the Sulieman line
of lode, and a quartz spur 1 ft. 2 in. thick, showing Ore
Year. Gold Yield. Dividends.
gold freely, was worked to the north and south Crushed.
boundaries of the claim. During 1880 and 1881
£4,000 was paid in dividends. Towards the end tons. oz. dwt. gr. £
of 1880 a run of veins on the New Mundir-
1880
Slate, at a depth of 450 feet, yielded between 6,924 7,938 3 0 15,900
1881 6,644 4,667 4 0 5,700
200 oz. and 300 oz. of nuggets. I n 1881 the shaft 1882 6,375 3,234 17 0 3,000
was sunk to a depth of 600 feet, and a cross-cut 1883 6,670 2,458 16 18 4,025
at the 580-ft. level was opened west. At the 1884 5,566 1,226 7 16 ..
510-ft. level a cross-cut east was put out 478 feet; 1885 1,454 360 15 20
1886 (9 months) 1,641 303 19 2
the veins on the indicator at this depth were small,
and the block to the 450-ft. level was let to a party
of sub-tributers. In 1883 the cross-cut west, ai WELCOME NUGGET COMPANY.
the 580-ft. level, was 742 feet long, and had to be With a view of locating the source of the famous
abandoned on account of the flooding of the mine; Welcome nugget, the Welcome Nugget Quartz
the east cross-cut at this depth was 403 feet long. Mining Company began operations early in 1860
on a claim north of and adjoining the Danish
The following vields were rrcorded : — Company's claim, and extending to the Black
Hill Flat. The first shaft was sunk near the site
where the nugget was found. Prior to locating
Year. Ore Crushed. Gold Yield.
any quartz, a 12-head battery was erected. Seve-
ral shafts were sunk between the church reserve
and the foot of Black Hill. The company was
tons. oz. flwt. gr-
.singularly unfortunate, for, up to the time of
1875 . . 1,764 627 3 6 closing down the mine, the shareholders had ex-
1876 .. 6,491 2,462 2 0 pended over £5,000 (after making allowance for
1877 .. 6,012 1 2,609 11 6
1878 .. 2,827 ' 1,258 7 19
proceeds of sale of plant, &c.), and had only won
1879 (half-year) 556 365 I 10 15 dwt. of gold in three years.
1880 (3 quarters) 2,249 1,547 14 6
1881 .. 4,865 1 1,731 6 0 WELLINGTONIA GIGANTEA COMPANY.
1882 .. 2,627 1,069 11 12
The Wellingtonia Gigantea Company (48
1883 ( h a l f - y e a r ) . . 225 i 57 2 0
1884 (3 quarters) 557 ' 202 3 11 .'shareholders) was formed in 1860, for the purpose
1885 (3 quarters) 378 169 4 17 of testing the quartz reefs south of the Black Hill
1886 .. 772 278 14 15 Company's shaft. The first shaft was sunk near
472 179 9 12
1887 (3 quarters) Humffray-street, and several shallower prospect-
ing shafts were put down in the vicinity.
Numerous quartz veins were met with, and a parcel
of 26 tons yielded 10 dwt. to the ton, as well as a
WASHINGTON COMPANY.
great number of specimens. A crushing plant of
16 stamps was in working order by the end of
The Washington Company was formed in 1860. By this time three lodes from 7 feet to 14
August, 1879. Operations began on a small free- feet wide were proved in the claim. Quartz was
hold allotment on the east side of Skipton-street. followed to a depth of 120 feet in the main shaft.
Early in 1880 rich stone, 10 ft. wide, was cut at Towards the end of 1861 some very rich quartz
33 feet west from the shaft at No. 1 level; the was found, some of the specimens containing over
first 400 tons crushed averaged over 2 oz. of gold a pound weight of gold. Nine days' crushing in
to the ton, and for the half-year ending August, November, 1861, yielded 175 oz. of gold from about
1880, crushings of 3,129 tons yielded 4,104 oz. 300 tons; the bulk of this quartz was won at the
The drive along the rich stone at the No. 1 level 250-ft. level, but the richest ore was mined at the
was continued to the south boundary. A cross-cut 110-ft. level from a lode the upper part of which
west of the shaft intersected the Western lode, a yielded rich specimens when the cellar was being
large body of payable ore, at 79 feet; a rise was made at Spannake's Union Hotel. Before the first
put up on this lode for a height of 60 feet in pay- return from the battery, the expenses totalled
able ore, on which stoping was carried out during £7,000. The gold yield to the end of 1861—
1880 and 1881. At No. 1 level a drive was put in 750 oz.—was sold for £2,989. In 1862 the lode
north on the Western reef to the northern boun- at the 257-ft. level was proved for a width of
dary; near the boundary a cross-cut revealed some 25 feet; it was here much broken and spurry. A
very rich quartz at 70 feet, and ore of good quality crushing of 100 tons was poor, and early in 1863
was proved by a winze to extend downwards for the mine was let on tribute for a period of twelve
25 feet. During 1880 shaft-sinking was resumed, months.
and No. 2 level was opened out in M a y ; cross-cuts The tributers left the main shaft and sank a
at this level failed to disclose any quartz, but rises new one at the south end of the mine, but they
were put up and connected with the formations did not succeed in finding payable quartz. In
at the No. 1 level. By the end of 1880 the mine March they tried the lode at the 257-ft. level in
was yielding large dividends. The stopes on the the main shaft. The quartz crushed, however,
Eastern lode extended 45 feet above the No. 1 level, yielded only a shade over 2 dwt. of gold to the ton.
and stoping on this lode was continued throughout The total gold yield to the end of September, 1862,
1881, and a new level was opened above the No. 1. was 1,918 oz., value £7,562, but only £720 was
In 1882 the N o . 3 level, and in 1883 the No. 4 paid in dividends. The tributers crushed 1,930
level, were opened out, but failed to locate any tons for 231 oz. during January, February, and
body of quartz which could be profitably worked. March, 1863.
In August, 1883, all the payable ore was ex- In 1862 crystal gold was recognised in this
hausted, and the mine was closed down. mine. A nugget, unmixed with quartz, and
 m
weighing 2 oz. 11 dwt., was taken from a vein at was 498 feet deep. At the 481-ft. level a cross-cut
this date, and was regarded as the largest lump of was put in east for 236 feet; at 200 feet this inter-
pure gold found in the matrix to that time. sected a formation (Finn's reef) 25 feet wide in
disturbed country. At 18 feet south from the shaft
W I L S O N ' S FREEHOLD COMPANY. a drive south proved only small leaders for 308
Wilson's Freehold Company's shaft was sunk to feet; cross-cuts east and west from the drive proved
a depth of 420 feet by June, 1881. At this depth nothing of value until October, 1881, when a body
the vertical lode was cut at 48 feet west of the of rich quartz underlying west was cut. A drive
shaft; a drive was put in 235 feet on its course, along this stone connected with the Band and
and the stopes showed fair gold. Over the ISTo. Albion workings. The portion of this body of ore
2 level, a series of flat bodies up to 10 feet wide within the claim was 220 feet long and 6 inches to
was worked. These extended east from the vertical 40 feet wide. In the first half-year it yielded
lode to the boundary of the claim. Above the 3,448 oz. of gold from 2,866 tons of quartz
No. 1 level (300 feet), stopes on the vertical crushed, and in the half-year ending February,
lode reached a height of 40 feet; the lode above 1883, 733 oz. from 493 tons. B y the end of 1882,
this was broken and too poor to work. The shaft when the stopes were becoming exhausted, divi-
was sunk to 500 feet by the end of the year, and dends amounted to 4s. per share. Throughout
at that depth a cross-cut was put out west for 97 1883 prospecting, carried out at the 280-ft.,
feet. During 1881, 17,369 tons of quartz yielded 380-ft., and 480-ft. levels, proved nothing but poor
3,493 oz. of gold. ore, the return for the year being 59 oz. 3 dwt.
from 300 tons.
In 1882 mining operations were not successful,
as the lode at the 500-ft. level was broken and poor The following yields were obtained:—
throughout, and in March the mine was let on
Year. Ore Crushed. Gold Yield.
tribute. Prior to this, 3,359 tons crushed yielded
575 oz. of gold, but the stone mined by the tri-
buters was poor; most of the ore was won from the tons. OZ. dwt. gr.
1881 .. 2,299 1,911 13 20
stopes above the Nos. 1 and 2 levels. In 1882 1882 .. 2,909 6,711 3 12
the tributers crushed 6,630 tons of quartz for 1883 .. 300 59 3 0
1,134 oz. of gold.
In 1883 a new level was opened out from the
shaft at a depth of 200 feet, but no payable quartz Y O U N G BAND AND A L B I O N COMPANY.
was found. Another level was opened on quartz at
a depth of 256 feet, but this also was poor. A The Young Band and Albion Company was
small block of richer ore was cut at 100 feet north formed in 1879. By the end of the year its No. 1
of the shaft at the No. 2 level, and yielded from shaft was 375 feet deep, and its No. 2 shaft 90 feet
6 d-Ri;. to 7 dwt. of gold to the ton. The tributers' deep. Throughout 1880 prospecting was carried
yield for 1883 amounted to 1,014 oz. of gold out, while the shaft was deepened to 500 feet,
from 6,408 tons of stone. and a run of rich ore was struck at a depth of 470
feet in the south end of the mine. Dividends
The following vields were recorded from 1880 :—
amounting to 9s. per share were paid—to this
date 4s. 9d. per share had been called up. During
Ore
Year.
Crushed.
Gold Yield. Dividends. 1881 the shaft was sunk to 700 feet, and levels
were driven at 516 feet, 616 feet, and 700 feet.
The 5l6-ft. level was connected, near the south-
tons. gr. £
OZ. d w t .
east corner of the lease, with the North Band and
1880 15,526 3,137 7 14 Albion Company's workings, and a drive was then
1881 17.654 4.095 8 15 2,300 put in north for 100 feet, but it failed to locate
1882 9,127 1,587 8 10 any quartz. The 616-ft. level, at 120 feet east
1883 6,325 1,013 17 15
1886 170 24 14 8
of the shaft, passed through several gold-bearing
leaders in mineralized slates dipping easterly.
Below the 516-ft. level the shaft cut a nearly
TOHKSHIKE REEF (LIVINGSTONE) COMPANY. vertical lode 3 feet wide, which passed out of the
shaft to the east at 70 feet below the 516-ft. level;
The Yorkshire reef Avas prospected during 1859.
it contained a little fine gold.
A trial crushing from a reef 3 feet wide was put
Regular crushings were kept up during 1881
through the Black Hill Company's battery, and
and 1882, and a large quantity of poor quartz was
yielded 25 dwt. to the ton. At a foot below the
opened up near the south boundary in the latter
surface the prospectors found a broken or rubbly
year. At the 470-ft. level a shoot of quartz 80 feet
spur 9 in. wide, which yielded a quarter of an
long, and carrying from 6 dwt. to 9 dwt. of gold
ounce of gold to the tub, and caused a line of
to the ton, was worked. The No. 2 shaft, near
claims to be taken up north and south. Much of
the creek, was sunk to a depth of 300 feet, but
the surface material adjoining the reef was
little further work was carried out by the company
puddled during 1860. Meanwhile the Yorkshire
at this shaft.
Reef Company sank its main shaft to a depth of
120 feet, and, re-forming as the Livingstone Com- The following vields were recorded from
pany, erected a battery of eight heads early in 1880 : —
1861 at a cost of £1,500. This battery was simi-
lar to that erected at the Wellingtonia Gigantea Year.
Ore
Gold Yield. Dividends. Depth.
Cmshed.
Company, and was constructed with cast iron
frames. The results of crushing were never re-
corded. tons. oz. dwt'. gr. £ feet.

YOUNG B A N D EXTENDED COMPANY. 1880 4,200 2,201 15 18 1,880 470

1881 2,705 1,199 1 1
The Young Band Extended Company was 1882 3,441 995 3 8 400 to 600
formed in 1880, and by February, 1881, the shaft
 107
YOTTNO W A S H I N G T O N FREEHOLD COMPANY.
West of the shaft a second monocline occurs, and
The Young Washington Freehold Company, this, as well as the one in the shaft, lies in west-
formed in 1880, was one of the short-lived ventures dipping beds. In the 500-ft. level a syncline
of the boom. A shaft was sunk 335 feet, with occurs at 225 feet west of the shaft, followed by
levels at 200 feet and 335 feet, but nothing of an anticline at 460 feet, which brings up beds
value was located, although several leaders were identical with those exposed on the anticline to
cut, and in September, 1881, the company sus- the east of the shaft. At this level a minor fold
pended operations. in east-dipping strata occurs at 'S80 feet west of
the shaft in the 500-ft. level, and another at 640
R E C E N T OR E X I S T I N G QUARTZ M I N I N G feet east of the shaft in the 330-ft. level. The
COMPANIES. strata throughout consist of alternate thin beds of
slate and sandstone. A number of pyritic seams
BALLAHAT NORTH PROSPECTING COMPANY
occur, and are shown on the section.
(PI. I I ) .
This company was formed in 1908 as a result of B A L L A R A T C I T Y C O M P A N Y (PI. I I I . ) .
a movement among a few of the citizens to pros- This company was formed in 1910 to prospect
pect for the northward extension of the Sebastopol the southern portion of the Ballarat Prospecting
reefs. At the time of commencing operations, the Company's lease, following the discovery of a rict
characters of the Sebastopol reefs had not been quartz spur in that mine. The shaft is situated
definitely established, and this, together with the on the northern side of Mair-street, in allotment
entire absence of surface indications and the 58, parish and city of Ballarat. The main shaft
limited number of shaft sites available, rendered was sunk through 35 feet of basalt and 4 feet of
prospecting operations the more unsatisfactory. clay before reaching the bedrock, in which a reef
M t e r an examination of the few economical sites, drive of an enrlv-time alluvial claim was met at
an old shaft originally started by the Ballarat 45 feet. At 476 feet cross-cuts were opened east
West Company was selected, and plant erected. and west from the shaft. Althoueh unsatisfac-
Aided by a Government grant, the shaft was tory from a commercial point of view, thev gave
deepened to 330 feet, and an eastern cross-cut was a vahiable section of that portion of the field.
started in 1909. Notwithstanding liberal State
Structure.
assistance, calls were not forthcoming, and after
Verv soft and broken east-dipning strata were
300 feet of cross-cutting, operations ceased for a
sunk through in the shaft to a depth of 300 feet,
time. Shortly after renewing operations a spurry
where more solid strata were met with. In the
formation was intersected at 500 feet from the
east cross-cut. at 130 feet from the shaft, a syn-
shaft, and an indicator or pyritic seam was found
cline occurred Avith a pitch of 2'3° to the south,
in contact with the quartz, A v h i c h yielded some
followed, at 290 feet, by a roll, also pitching south,
highly auriferous specimens. Driving north and
and up to the face at 340 feet west-dipping strata
south on this formation proved that it was a spur,
were passed through.
which pitched underfoot going south, while to the
Going west from the shaft east-dippinsr strata
north the indicator diverged from the quartz spur,
were passed through up to an anticline at 180 feet;
which became poor, 209 tons of quartz yielding
near this point a cross-course, striking north-
91 oz.
easterly, disturbed the strata, but a settled regular
The cross-cut east was extended to 810 feet from
westerly din was met with up to 660 feet, where a
the shaft, meeting a small cross-course, which evi-
main svncline. pitching 22° to the south, occurred.
dently connected with the overlying alluvial, as
From this noint to the face, at 1.000 feet from the
fire-damp was proved by an explosion shortly after
shaft, the dip is easterly, Avith the exception of a
cutting same. Encouraged by the striking of
minor fold, which was passed through at 850 feet.
payable stone, and on account of the trouble of
After correlating the folds in this mine with
prospecting at shallow leA'els owing to the objec-
those in the nearest mine to the south (the Kohi-
tions of private property-holders, the company
noor), it appear? probable that the main svncline
decided to sink the shaft to 500 feet and open out
west of the shaft, at 660 feet, is the Consols,
at that level. It was also decided to form a sepa-
but the pitch has changed from 3° to 5° north,
rate company to explore the southern portion of
where exposed in the Kohinoor mine, to 22° south
the lease (see Ballarat City Company). At the
in this mine. N o trace of the black slate beds
500-ft. level cross-cutting east and west was under-
was disclosed in this section, the most westerly
taken, and in the east cross-cut the mineral seam,
f-oi^p of which intersects similar strata to that met
which was found associated with the auriferous
^ith at 500 feet east of the Ballarat Prospecting
quartz in the level above, was intersected, but
Company's shaft, and to reach which this mine
although quartz veins cutting this were found, no
was started. Quartz is but sparingly developed in
gold was met with. A rise was put up on the
the cros=!-euts, a few quartz veins and spurs being
mineral seam, and connected with the upper level,
obser^'od; also some A'erticals coinciding roughly
but nothing payable was located. Operations
with the dip of the strata. These verticals were
ceased during 1911.
largely chloritic and non-auriferous. At 920 feet
Structure. west of the shaft quartz spurs Avith specks of
The shaft bottomed at 100 feet after passing galena were noticed, but no gold was obtained.
through 95 feet of basalt. It entered the bedrock
N E W K O H I N O O R C O M P A N Y (PI. I V . , V I I . ) .
in a broad monoclinal fold, in which it continued
to the 500-ft. level, where the fold appeared to be Historical and General.
listing slightly to the west. At the 330-ft. level a The New Kohinoor Company was formed in
main anticline occurred at 85 feet east of the shaft, the year 1875, taking over the property of the
followed by a main syncline at 800 feet east. In Kohinoor Company, which, up to that time. had
the 330-ft. level a large fault occurs at 260 feet confined operations to working the alluvial. Early
east, and this appears to be identical Avith one in 1876 the shaft of the old Burra-Burra Com-
at 70 feet east of the shaft in the 500-ft. level. pany (see p. 81), having been cut down, Avork was
This fault appears to displace the anticline about commenced on a body of quartz 20 feet wide at
50 feet on the top side (PI, I I , ) . the 190-ft. and 270-ft. levels, the main shaft ther
 168

being 850 feet deep. The first crushing yielded value. At the No. 5 level a large body of stone
well, 1,208 oz. being obtained from 4,300 tons, but was prospected, but proved unpayable. At the
in the upper level, after stoping for a length of No. 6 level driving south was continued on a lode
200 feet on a reef formation, varying from 15 feet 5 feet in width and highly mineralized, while
to 30 feet wide, the stone proved to be irregular. northwards the lode was 3 feet wide. Shaft sink-
A t the 270-ft. level, driving north on the eastern ing was continued to a depth of 703 feet. The
wall was carried out, and cross-cuts were put in No. 7 level was opened at a depth of 680 feet,
west, in which direction the old drives of the where a west cross-cut was put in. The tributers
Burra-Burra Company were found. in the upper levels obtained a large quantity of
Early in 1877 it was reported that the lode had stone, averaging over 5 dwt. to the ton. By the
an easterly dip of 70°, and was payable f o r a end of the year the yields fell away, and soon
width of 30 feet. Crushings for the last half-year afterwards the mine closed down for a short
of 1876 yielded 2,073 oz. 5 dwt. from 7,718 tons. period.
After driving north the large quartz reef was In July, 1884, a commencement was made to
found to narrow, so shaft-sinking was resumed, overhaul the machinery and pump out the water.
and by the end of 1877 a depth of 425 feet was In August sinking was resumed, the shaft then
reached. The lode was cut at 110 feet west of being 765 feet in depth. In 1885 the lode was cut
the shaft, and from a drive south at 75 feet a at 300 feet from the shaft at the 910-ft. level, and
cross-cut west passed through 45 feet of hard drives to the north and south were put in._ In the
quartz showing gold. north drive the lode averaged 2 feet in width, and
was highlv mineralized, but broken up for a length
The upper levels were now worked on tribute.
of 200 feet.
At the 350-ft. level a cross-course was met at 435
feet north of the shaft. This cross-course threw South for 580 feet the lode averaged 1 ft. 3 in.
the lode 80 feet to the east, and on the north side wide, showing a well-defined western wall under-
of it the continuation of the lode, 4 feet wide, was lying west 2 feet in 6 feet. The stone proved
driven on to 700 feet from the shaft. The 270-ft. poor, and work was stopped here in December,
level drive was continued north until the alluvial 1885, but in 1889 it was resumed.
ground was met with, and the old drives of the Early in 1886 work at the lower levels was
British Company's mine were broken into at a stopped, and operations were resumed at the 400-ft.
point where a body of cement had been found and level. The flat quartz veins to the east of the
worked in 1875. At the 420-ft. level, 45 feet main lode were found to carry only a little gold
north of the cross-cut, a winze holed through from up to 520 feet north of the cross-cut, and from here
the 350-ft. level, and the quartz in it carried gold two cross-cuts were driven—one east 40 feet, and
throughout. At 230 feet north the jSTo. 2 rise the other 53 feet—proving flat quartz veins of
was connected to an intermediate level, where poor quality.
drives of 130 feet north and 180 feet south were Cross-cutting west at the 580-ft. (No. 6) level
put in on a bodv of ore. At 370 feet in the north was commenced in November, 1886, and a track
drive a rise to the level above was put up on a fair was passed through at 57 feet to the west of the
body of quartz, carrying only a little gold, and at main lode. This cross-cut was put out to the
460 feet a cross-course was met. Towards the end west in order to intersect the Guiding Star lode,
of 1878 the south drive, at the 270-ft. level, was on which the Star of the East Company was then
connected with the workings of Smith's Freehold obtaining good results, and f o r which several
mine. adjacent companies were at this time prospecting.
In 1881 the company was prospecting for reef The drive north on the main Consols lode
wash in the vicinity of the quartz reef, and stnick was extended from 200 feet to_ 270 feet
the wash at 700 feet from the shaft, but the on a mineralized lode 2 ft. thick, carry-
quality was poor. The lode at the 370-ft. (No. 3) ing no gold. The lode improved in size
level was found to be displaced 50 feet by the as driven on north, and reached a width of 6
cross-course, and on the north side of it the stone feet before a cross-course was struck at 420 feet
was 35 feet to 40 feet in width and highly mineral- north. After driving 27 feet north-east on the
ized. Rises here proved that the lode was of poor cross-course a body of broken quartz was struck,
quality. The drive was extended to 670 feet from and was followed for 50 feet, where a well-defined
the shaft, at which point a cross-cut and a rise body of stone came in carrying a large quantity of
were put in. To the south, the 425-ft. level broke arsenical pyrites. At 107 feet north of the cross-
through into the "Wilson Company's workings, and course a vertical vein of quartz carrying gold
several veins were stoped out. The lode, at the and galena was cut. This vein widened out to
420-ft. ( N o . 5) level, which proved to be disturbed 3 feet, and continued to show gold for a length of
and poor, was cut at 110 feet from the shaft. A 60 feet, up to another cross-course, beyond which
littlp pold was seen in the quartz at 50 feet in the the lode was again picked up. A crushing from
south drive, and also to within 15 feet of the back this vein proved the stone to be of payable value,
of the drive in a connecting: rise at 15 feet south but when a rise and stope were started the quality
of the cross-cut. In the 580-ft (No. 6) level the fell away, 150 tons yielding only 30 oz. 11 dwt.
lode. 3 feet wide, was cut at 163 feet west of the of gold. I n 1887, thinking that the cap of a shoot
shaft early in 1879, and was driven on to the had been struck, the No. 7 north drive was ex-
south for a distance of 400 feet, proving a well- tended from the face to 480 feet north of the
defined lode at times, showing a little gold in cross-cut. In 1888 further rising and stoping
highly mineralized quartz. on this vein yielded a small quantity of stone,
which varied from Ig dwt. to 10 dwt. to the ton.
In 1882 the No. 4 level north opened up a large
body of payable stone. The footwall of the lode The north drive at this level (Consols lode)
was met at 70 feet from the south drive, at the was continued in country containing a number of
No. 5 level, 40 feet west of which a body of ore slides and cross-courses, but no quartz was cut up
8 feet wide was struck and driven on to the north to 1,026 ft. from the main cross-cut, at which
and south. This reef showed gold, but it was not point another cross-cut was opened out to the
payable, although large bodies of stone were tested. west for a distance of 111 feet. At 20 feet this
In 1883 the north end stopes, at the No. 4 cross-cut passed through a track 5 in. thick, on
level, continued to yield much stone of low-grade which a drive was put in to the north. At 32 feet
 169
north in this drive the track was of favorable ap- of poor value, and it continued so up to 1,000
pearance.
feet, where payable stone 2 ft. wide was cut and
At 10-1 feet in the north drive a cross-cut was followed for 300 feet up to the boundary of the
opened out east, with a view to seeing if the lost Sir Henry Loch mine. In 1890 stoping above the
lode lay in that direction, and at 95 feet a quartz 910-ft. level on the south boundary was com-
vein was met with, which was followed north, .menced, the reef ranging from 2 ft. to 3 ft.
and varied f r o m 3 in. to 1 ft. wide. Work in width. This work was continued until the
ceased in 1889, and the drive was abandoned until stopes were exhausted in June, 1892.
1909. In 1890 the soath drive at the 680-ft. level
In 1887 the north drive at the iSTo. 7 level was was cleaned out and repaired up to the face at
repaired, and driving was resumed f r o m a point 430 feet from the cross-cut. At 720 feet south
468 feet north of the cross-cut. At 568 feet the lode opened out to 2 i ft. in width, and con-
from the cross-cut a cross-course was met with, tained a little gold from 720 feet to 920 feet; the
which displaced the lode a distance of 50 feet to lode averaged 4 ft. in width, and, with the ex-
the east. The lode was 12 ft. in vridth, and, as ception of a shoot of 30 feet to 40 feet of payable
driven on northerly, it was found to be highly stone, it was of poor value. The payable stone
jnineralized, but no gold was seen in the quartz. was stoned out early in 1892, after conneciing
From the ji"o. 6 level a winze was sunk on the with the stopes from the 910-ft. level.
v^ein of auriferous quartz to a depth of 37 feet I n the Sir Henry Loch mine driving at the
to connect with this drive. Up to 700 feet north 1,072-ft. level was commenced in 1890. The lode
of the cross-cut the lode was large and of a pro- varied from 1 ft. 3 in. up to 4 ft. in vridth,
mising character, but no payable stone was and at times showed fair gold up to 200 feet from
proved. Work ceased in July, 1888, as the stone the boundary, where it became W a l l and broken.
from the stopes above the ISTo. 6 level and f r o m a Stoping was commenced over this drive in 1890,
winze below the JSTO. 5 level only yielded 57 oz. and wag continued till the end of 1891.
9 dwt. f r o m 285 tons. Work was now concentrated Towards the end of 1890 driving north from
on the west cross-cut, which passed through seve- the Sir Henry Loch Company's boundary was
ral bodies of stone, including one 4 ft. thick, commenced at the 1,181-ft. level'by the l i e w Kohi-
which gave out a strong flow of water at 564 feet noor Company, the lode showing 2 ft. of quartz,
from tjie shaft. At 921 feet another formation which was payable for a length of 30 feet. The
was met with, and at 1,100 feet some quartz stone, though poorer, was followed to 209 feet,
reins carrying a little mineral, but no gold, were where a connexion was made by means of a rise
cut. Ill 1889 the Guiding Star lode, showing to the 1,072-ft. level, and in 1891 the block of
2 ft. of highly mineralized quartz, with free gold, stone between the rise and the boundary was
was cut at 450 feet f r o m the shaft. Driving north atoped out, proving to be navable throughout.
on the course of the lode was then commenced, In July, '1891, the 1,290-ft. level of the Sir
but after 50 feet had been driven a cross-course Henry Loch mine was extended into the New
1 ft. thick was struck. T o the south the lode Kohinoor Company's ground, and proved the lode
was driven on f o r 75 feet, the stone being small to be small and broken for a length of 170 feet.
and not payable. To the north of the cross-course All the payable stone •in this portion of the mine
the Guiding Star lode was found to be displaced was exhausted by the end of 1891, after having
123 feet to the north-east. A north drive for yielded 6,655 oz. 15 dwt. 8 gr. of gold from 17,600
200 feet proved a promising lode formation from tons of quartz.
1 ft. 6 in. to 3 ft. in width, carrying mineral. In 1893 a drive was put in 265 feet from the
About 300 feet to the north of the cross-course a 1,509-ft. level of the Sir Henry Loch mine on a
short shoot oi stone of good quality was found, to lode which carried a little gold, but proved un-
work which a new shaft (ISTo. 2) was started in payable.
1891. From b'UO feet to 900 feet north the lode I n 1894 work was commenced at the 1,620-ft.
varied from a few inches up to 7 ft. wide, and level of the Sir Henry Loch mine, and a drive
was highly mineralized, but not payable. A winze was put in north into the Kohinoor claim. After
40 feet to the south of the shoot of gold was started about 100 feet of driving and 70 feet of rising
from this level. T o 100 feet in depth the lode in had been done, to get above a slide, without any-
the winze varied f r o m 2 ft. to 4 ft. in width, and thing payable being met with, operations ceased.
was well mineralized, but showed no gold. A The l,0S0-ft. level (main shaft) was opened in
rise above the level also failed to locate the con- 1890, and a cross-cut west intersected the lode at
tinuation of the shoot of gold, and driving on the 374 feet from the shaft. Driving north and south
main level was resumed without locating any pay- was commenced on the lode, vrhich was 1 ft. 6 in.
able stone. Above the level the iSTo. 1 rise was con- wide and well mineralized. Northerly the lode
tinued to the cap of the lode, which was driven for 180 feet averaged 1 ft. 6 in. wide, and at 510
on for some distance without payable results. I n feet f r o m the cross-cut it increased to 3 ft. of
1894 attention was directed to working the alluvial stone of a favorable character, but carrying no
in the vicinity. gold values. Driving was continued, and at 766
In 1889 operations were commenced from the feet north a cross-course was struck which threw
Sir Henry Loch mine at the 963-ft. level, and the the lode 81 feet in a north-easterly direction.
drive along the lode was continued to 170 feet from South of the cross-course the lode ranged froia
the boundary. The lode, which yielded 319 oz. 1 ft. to 2 ft. 6 in. wide, but north of the
3 dwt. 12 gr. of gold from 278 tons of stone, cross-course the stone w^as small, well mineralized,
varied f r o m 18 in. up to 3J ft., but diminished and had good walls up to 920 feet from the cross-
to 18 in. at 216 feet. A stone of 220 feet in length cut. The drive was extended to 1,195 feet from
was opened by June, 1890, and by the end the cross-cut, where it was stopped about the end
of the year this was connected to the 910-ft. of 1892, on account of the smallness of the lode
level from the main shaft, which wag re-opened and the opinion raised that the true lode lay
during 1889, and driving south was continued to to the east. To prove this opinion, a cross-cut
connect with the stopes then beinsr worked by was put out along the cross-course for a distance
of 306 feet, where a lode formation with a good
this company from the 963-ft. level in the Sir
hanging wall carrying about 3 in. of quartz
Henry Loch mine. At 580 feet south of the cross-
was met with. This lode was followed north
cut the lode in the face was 1 ft. 8 in, wide, but
 170

for 167 feet, where 1 ft. of well-mineralized from 3 ft. to 4 ft. of mineralized stone,
quartz showed in the face, when work ceased in yielding a prospect of gold. A drive north on
June, 1893. this lode passed through disturbed country, and
South at this level 80 feet of driving was done at 300 feet the No. 4 cross-course was cut, beyond
in 1891 on a promising lode, but nothing of value which a cross-cut was put in to the east in order
was proved; and as the drive coming north from to pick up the displaced lode. At 100 feet north
the Sir Henry Loch direction was poor, little of the cross-cut a rise was put up, and at 65 feet
encouragement for further driving was forth- proved a lode averaging f r o m 2 ft. to 4 ft. in
coming. width, and carrying a large quantity of mineral.
The shaft having been sunk to a depth of 1,293 The cross-cut north of the No. 4 cross-course
feet by August, 1891, the l,290'-ft. level was was extended to 78 feet without result. The north
opened, and cross-cutting west was started, but drive was then continued, and from 870 feet to
the lode was not met with until May, 1893. The 1,070 feet the country was more settled. At 1,074
lode where intersected, at a point 465 feet from feet north of the shaft a cross-cut was put in east
the shaft, was 1 ft. 6 in. wide, having 10 in. for 166 feet, meeting a lode track with 2 ft. 6 in.
of solid, well-mineralized quartz on the footwall of mineralized quartz, on which a north drive
s^'de." A south drive'was piit in, and in 150 feet was put in. At Í,660 feet from the shaft another
the lode improved to 3 ft. 6 in. wide, carrving cross-course was met with, throwing the lode_ to
2 ft. of soh'd quartz hio-hly mineralized and of the east, and a cross-cut was put in passing
through disturbed country up to the track of the
promising character. The drive was continued
lode, which carried a small make of favorable
to 356 fept south on a well-mineralized body of
looking quartz. This quartz was driven on for
stone, work ceasing in June, 1894.
a total distance of 1,996 feet from the shaft,
In 1892 a tribute party, working on the Con- operations ceasing in 1899. The face of the
sols line of country- at the ISTo. 4 (425-ft.) level, drive was under the centre of Urquhart-street.
came upou a bi^dv of mineralized stone 2 ft. 6 in.
wide, which yielded 84 oz. 19 dwt. 12 gr. of gold In 1906 operations at the mine were resumed,
frnm 42 tons, and eave 17 ton? of pyrites from and a cross-cut was put in east from the shaft
this parcel. Several tribute blocks were let on for a total distance of 670 feet. N o lode tracks
this level, and dead work both to the north and were met with, but a small saddle reef on aji
to the south was carried out without result. In
1893 two ri=es were put up in the north end, of
which the K'o. 1 rise passed through numerous
nuartz veins, some carrying a little gold, and the
No. 2 rise cut a quartz vein carrying payable
gold. FIG. 29. Irroiular Sadile Reof, New Koh-i-noor,
838-ft. level, east crosscut. Seals, 4 0 feet to 1 inch.
In 1893 a payable nuartz vein was located in
the south end, and 377 tons were treated for a anticline was passed through at 560 feet. This
yield of 151 oz. 1 dwt. of gold before the block of work, which might have led to a development in
stone was exhausted. In 1894 the Band of Hope new country, was stopped during 1907, and pros-
tribute block was worked by Brvant and Hocking, pecting was carried out above the 580-ft. level in
who crushed 139 tons from the eastern run of the vicinity of the Consols lode, where a rise
quartz veins for 104 oz. 3 dwt. At the No. 3 from the main cross-cut was connected to the No.
level operations were continued throughout the 5 level, and an intermediate drive was opened
latter part of 1894 and the early portion of 1895, out at 40 feet. Cross-cutting and rising were
but the stone became too poor to work. carried out, chiefly in the east-dipping strata,
In 1894 operations in thp old worked alluvial and a connexion was made to the old Washington
ground were commenced. The wash and cement Company's mine. Several quartz spurs were
wpre crushed, but onlv moderate success attended passed through, but nothing of value was located.
this work. During 1896, in the vicinity of the In 1909, the southern workings having been
old Golden Point gutter, a bed of wash 4 ft. to abandoned, the main north drive at the N o . 6
10 ft. in thickness was met with, but proved to level (580 ft.), which had been stopped in
be onlv a small block. The ground worked during 1889, was cut over and repaired to the north face.
the vear averaged a little over oz. to the set. Aided by a Government grant, originally allotted
In 1897 the value fell to under 1 oz. to the set, for driving the eastern cross-cut at the 838-ft. level,
and the alluvial workins-s were then abandoned. a cross-cut east was driven from the north face
Towards the end of 1896 work was commenced a total distance of 1,132 feet before operations
at the No. 9 level (838-ft.\ a start being made finally ceased in 1911.
to d-riVe north on the Consols line of countrv. At the date of ceasing operations the water in
While working- the alhivial during 1896 and the Sir Henry Loch mine stood at 480 feet from
1897 at 346-ft. CNo. 3) level, several quartz the surface, practically 100 feet above the level at
vein« carrvin"- gold were located, and towards the which operations were being carried on in this
middle of 1897 a reef drive was started on the mine. During the years 1890 to 1908, the water
Consols line of lode. From 500 feet to 1,100 feet from the Kohinoor Company's mine ran through
into the Sir Henry Loch mine. Falls of earth
the strata were di«turbpd, and four cross-courses
must have restricted the flow, and enabled the
were passed through, all of which threw the lode
Kohinoor pumps to discharge not only the in-
to the east. At 1.180 feet north of the shaft
coming water, but also some from the Sir Henry
wo-^k censed, as nothine defined had been met
Loch Company's mine. Within a fortnight of
with, and the lower level then offered better induce-
pumping ceasing the water level in both shafts
ments for prospecting.
was within 480 feet of the surface.
Driving north at the 838-ft. level was com-
jTionnpd towards the end of 1896. In order to meet The No. 2 Shaft.
the Crvnsols lode north of thp disturbed countrv, In April, 1891, a start was made to sink the
tbo dfive was started ea't of the shaft, and nfter No. 2 shaft to test the Guiding Star line of lode,
557 feet of driving in blank countrv, the No. 1 xi depth of 98 feet was reached in hard basalt,
cross-fourse was met with. A c^os'-cut dnVpn west and then work ceased until June, 1896, when, after
at this point cut the lode at 50 feet. The lode erectinff a small plant, sinking was resumed and
where intersected had two good walls, and showed the shaft bottomed at a depth of 250 feet. Clay
 171
rested on the bedrock, and no wash was met The following yields were obtained by the New
with. Some difficulty was experienced in sinking Kohinoor Company :
through a layer of drift and through portion of
the basalt where the water was heavy, but after Year. Tons. Yield.
this had been puddled back and a larger plant
oz. dwt.
erected better progress was made during 1897. 1876 .. 9,096 2,995 0 12
At 326 feet f r o m the surface a cross-cut east in- 1877 .. 7,997 2,675 17 0
tersected a lode track (the Guiding Star) at 1878 .. 4,844 2,009 3 0
1879 (6 months) 1,960 395 18 0
294 ft. from the shaft. Where met with, this 1880 .. 15,613 5,688 9 0
lode was f r o m 8 in. up to 1 ft. wide, with a 1881 .. 22,753 4,328 11 18
well defined footwall. Driving north on the lode 1882 .. 31,938 5,236 11 0
1883 ..
was carried on for 200 feet in broken country. 15,611 2,222 17 0
1888 .. 955 341 10 6
In June, 1897, the 400-ft. ( N o . 2 ) level was 1890 .. 8,100 3,161 15 6
opened, and a cross-cut was put in east 320 feet, 1891 .. 9,176 2,371 18 0
but no lode was located. Further shaft sinking 1892 (9 months) 553 75 9 12
1893 (9 months) 1,473 514 6 14
was carried out, and in June, 1898, the 7o0-ft. 1894 (9 months) 1,868 846 13 5
level was opened and a cross-cut put in east. 1895 .. 2,546 17 10
This was continued to 520 feet, where a cross- 1896 (3 months) 249 0 0
course was struck and followed along by a cross- From 1876-1896, 43,188 oz. of gold was won.
cut. Several bunches of well mineralized stone, Dividends amounted to £34,900.
together with flat and vertical quartz leaders, dark
indicator veins carrying a large quantity of B A N D AIID L O C H TJNITED COMPANY.
mineral and a little gold had been met with when (PI. v . , VI., VIA., V I L , VIIA.)
operations at this shaft ceased in February, 1899. Historical and General.
Structure. This company was formed about the end of
1898, as the result of the amalgamation of the
_ The section exposed in this mine extends on
Band of Hope and Albion Consols with the Sir
either side of the Consols lode, and affords the only
Henry Loch United Company.
insight into the strata to the east of this line that
was accessible at the date of the survey. West of Operations were confined to the No. 9 shaft of
the shaft, in the 680-ft. level, the Consols anti- the Band and Albion Company, and lay in the
cline occurs at 180 feet. The Consols syncline extension of the north drive on the Consol's lode
was observed at a point 565 feet west of the shaft. at the 1,900-ft. level, which, prior to the formation
This was followed by regular east-dipping strata of this company, slipped at 1,021 feet from the
up to an anticline at 920 feet. Further west the cross-cut. B y continuing the drive for 434 feet
section was closed, but from information obtained a payable shoot of stone 130 feet in length was
this was undoubtedly the Guiding Star anticline. passed through. A rise was put up to intersect
the auriferous stone in the winze below the
East from the Consols anticline, at 180 feet
1,730-ft. level of the Sir Henry Loch shaft. A
from the shaft and 360 feet f r o m the Consols
main winze, or blind shaft, was then sunk to a
anticline, a syncline occurs. At 450 feet from
depth of 180 feet below the 1,900-ft. level, making
the shaft there is an anticline; at 510 feet the
a total depth of 2,080 feet below the surface. The
western apex of the corrugated fold with the
line of lode was intersected 47 feet to the west of
syncline; and the eastern anticline at 560 feet.
the winze at this depth.
At 620 feet there is another syncline, 60 feet to
the east of which indications of another anticline B y the close of 1899 the rise to the Sir Henry
were present. The pitch of these folds was Loch Company's workings was connected, and the
3° to 4° to the south. In the cross-cut water taken out of the Sir Henry Loch shaft,
driven east from the northern end of the 580-ft. which was then repaired and served as an air-way.
level the strata dipped to the east from The _l,90q-ft. level north was driven to 1,538 feet.
the Consols anticline for 190 feet (240 A winze in the auriferous shoot proved that the
feet from the north drive"). At 455 feet east of lode averaged 2 ft. in width, and was of good
the drive an anticline followed, and at 30 feet quality to 100 feet.
furth'^r ea=!t a syncline with a regular west dip to The 2,080-ft. level, driven from the blind shaft,
a well defined antiHine at 1.116 feet east of the was extended to 250 feet on the course of the lode,
main drivp. This fold pitched south at an anffle but to the south the lode was broken up and of
of 17°. The black slate zone was not recosrnis- poor quality. During the half-year ending N o -
able in this crosa-cut. A small laminated ouar+7: vember, 1890, a profit was shown over working
ve'n was -nacped thmuo'li at 350 ^^e^t and q parallel expenses, but calls were necessary to reduce the
one at 450 ff^t: these veins varied from 1 in. up overdraft, which was the result of the purchase
to 3 in. in width. of the property. Driving and stoping on the
Consols line of lode, between the 1,900-ft. and
Quartz Orcurrevces. 2.0S0-ft. levels, were continued throughout 1900,
Details of the lode forma+inns are includ-^d but the results showed little profit, and these
above, but a general summary of the qunrtz bodies workings were then let to contractors. In May,
worked reveal two well defined lodes—the Consols 1901, preparations to sink the shaft below the
and the Guidinsr Star—on which hundreds of 1,900-ft. level were made, and the sinking com-
feet of driving: failed to locate any golden shoots, menced. By May, 1902, a plat had been cut for
although on the favorable dip and consisting of the 2,100-ft. level, and cross-cutting west for the
large bodies of lamina+ed mineralized quartz. Guiding Star lode was started. In March, 1903,
The cap or upper portion of the Consols lode shaft-sinking was again resumed, and by Novem-
consisted of a large quartz blow approximating ber of that year a depth of 2,321 feet had been
to a fissured saddle. The gold contents in this reached, and a cross-cut east had been driven 70
lode were low, but some profitable spurs were feet from the shaft at the 2,300-ft. level.
located in the eastern dipping strata, and more On the Guiding Star line, which was west of
especially to the south of the main shaft in the the shaft, a few trial crushings were taken out
vicinity of the Washington and adjacent mines. from the 1,300-ft. and 1,900-ft. levels in 1899, but
On the Sir Henry Loch boundary a south pitching these were found to be unpayable. Nothing fur-
shoot of payable stone was located on the Con- ther was then done on this belt of country until
sols line. 1902, when the Guiding Star shaft of the Star of
 172
the East Company, adjacent on the south, proved distance of 100 feet from the footwall, and usually
payable stone. This discovery induced the com- carried fair gold. The contractors continued to
pany to open out at a depth of 400 feet from the work the quartz spurs and lode material until
surface. The east cross-cut was repaired to 193 March, 1906, and during their five years' period
feet from the shaft, and a drive was put in to the of operations they obtained 15,816 oz. 14 dwt.
south on a lode track. A mineral seam was passed 14 gr. of gold, valued at £65,360 8s. Id., out of
through in the cross-cut at 77 feet from the shaft, which £30,106 14s. 5d. were paid to them as wages.
but a north drive of 260 feet and a south drive of After the contractors abandoned the block, wages
662 feet on the lode track failed to disclose any men were put on by the company, and payable
payable stone. The south drive passed through stone was obtained f o r about nine months, until
several makes of mineralized stone, some aurifer- operations ceased in February, 1907.
ous, but none payable. From the end of the south As well as stoping and driving, a vigorous policy
drive a rise was put up 108 feet, and cross-cutting (JÎ prospecting the 1,900-ft. level country was
west in search of the mineral lode was commenced undertaken during 1906, 1907, and 1908. The
both from the top of the rise and al?o from the 2,287-ft. level, in the vicinity of the Consols lode,
main drive at the foot of the rise. At the top of proved that the lode had died out on the syncline.
the rise the west cross-cut was put in for 40 feet The north drive, for a distance of 1,580 feet, fol-
in broken country, and the east cross-cut was ex- lowed along a fault plane, with rarely any quartz.
tended to 35 feet, where a rise was put up to a In 1907, at 1,460 feet north of the cross-cut, a rise
height of 123 feet without meeting any payable was put up which connected with the 2,080-ft.
quartz. The main west cross-cut, off the south level, and proved that the lode continued to a
drive, was continued to 285 feet, and passed depth of 80 feet below the winze workings, but
through the same mineral tracks as those met with nothing of value was located, although drive?
in the main cross-cut east of the shaft. In 1903 north 270 feet and south 70 feet were put in at
operations ceased at this level. 60 feet below the top of the rise (2,080-ft. level).
In 1904, at the 2,100-ft. level, the west cross-cut At 900 feet from the main cross-cut, at the
towards this line of lode reached to a distance of 2,287-ft. level north, another cross-cut west for
740 feet from the shaft. Nothing of value was 333 feet was put in, and a drive north f o r 180 feet
passed through, and a south drive was then com- on a formation at 300 feet west of the main drive.
menced from a point 480 feet west of the shaft. A little gold was found on this formation, but
This south drive passed through a large cross- nothing of payable value. I n 1908 operations at
course, and was stopped in August, 1904, no work the mine ceased, the company having produced
being subsequently carried on at this level. 66,020 tons for a yield of 31,837 oz. 1 dwt. of gold,
On the Consols lode, in 1900, the stopes between valued at £131,155 Is. 3d. Total calls amounted
the 2,080-ft. and 1,900-ft. levels yielded a large- to £83,038 19s. 8d. in a period of nine years.
quantity of gold-bearing stone. Above the Over £100,000 was paid in wages and contracts
1,900-ft. level stoping was carried on on the Sir but nothing was paid in dividends.
Henry Loch shoot, near the connecting rise, where SIR HEIV^KY L O C H SHAFT.
a fair supply of payable stone was obtained,
(PI. Y., Y I I . , V I I A . )
Below the 1,900-ft. level drives were opened out
north and south from the winze in the Sir Henry Structure.
Loch shoot of stone, and here the lode ranged from The shaft was abandoned, and all the machinery
3 ft. to 60 ft. in width, and was payable for a removed prior to the survey, but access was obtain-
length of over 300 feet. Stoping above this able from the No. 9 shaft of the Band and Albion
2,000-ft. level yielded, with blocking strips, stone mine by means of some rises through the stopes
for an average width of 50 ft. Above the level from the 1,900-ft. level. A survey was made of
the reef narrowed a^ the 1,900-ft. level was ap- the four lower levels, which revealed the structure
proached. Stoping this large formation proved of the country lying under the Consols line of
costly in consequence of the great width of stope.'' lode. A main anticline was noticeable to the west
which had to be filled in with mullock to a height of the shaft, from the 1,400-ft. to the 1,730-ft.
of 30 feet above the level, and the gold yield, as levels, with west-dipping strata up to the lode. A
given in the list of yields, fell away. minor fold occurred in the 1,509-ft. and 1,620-ft.
To effect a saving in the cost of conveying the levels at 300 feet from the shaft, but its influence
material between the blind shaft and the 'main on the lode was not ascertainable on account of all
shaft, at the 1,900-ft. level, which had hitherto the stopes being closed. Three west-dipping and
been carried out by truckers, horses were utilized roughly-parallel faults were noticed, and are
in 1900. ^ From the foot of the blind shaft, the shown on the transverse section (PI. V . ) . The
2,0S0-ft. level carried a lode track which was fol- lode, as worked from the cap at about 650 feet
lowed to 670 feet. At 320 feet north of the blind from the surface, was a bedded one, but above that
shaft a cross-cut to the west passed through 35 feet spurs and flat veins of quartz were stoped, but no
of unpayable quartz. At 670 feet north a cross- plan of these was available.
cut was driven west, and cut the hanging-wall of BAND AND LOCH OR BAND AND ALBION NO. 9 SHiFT.
tbe lode formation. A rise (No. 1) was put up (PI. V I . , VIA., V I I . , VIIA.)
near this cross-cut, and at 25 feet above the level
Structure.
cut a strong lode, carrying galena and,blackjack,
and underlying flat to the west. The cross-cut As exposed in the 1,890-ft. level, the structure
west cut the wall of the lode at 30 feet from the of this mine comprises a main anticline (the
north drive, and on this the main level was now Guiding Star) at 320 feet east from the shaft
driven. At 800 feet from the blind shaft a full and a double syncline, the minor anticline in
face of favorable-looking stone, showir^__2^ttle the centre of which is noticeable at 850 feet
gold in breaking, was exposed, and this continued from the shaft in the 2,287-ft. level. At the 2,087-
for over 200 feet. ft. level a well developed syncline occurred at 120
feet west of the shaft, ond at the 1,790-ft. level
In 1901 the stopes above this level were let on it occurred 95 feet west of the shaft. Overthrust
contract, as the result of stoping below the 2,000-ft. strata ore exposed in the 1,590-ft. and 1,310-ft,
level had proved unprofitable to the company. levels, the syncline showing beds dipping 75° to
Prospecting operations disclosed stone which paid 85° to the'east throughout. At the 1,590-ft,
the contractors, but was of little value to the com- level the centre lies 95 feet to the west of the
pany. In places quartz spurs were followed f o r a shaft, and at the 1,310-ft. level it is 145 feet
 173
to the west. The compression at these levels as worked above the 890-ft. level, would corre-
at similar depths compares with that "of the sijond with the Christmas slates, which are about
Star of the East, the adjoining mine to the 60 feet to 80 feet above the lower slate. At the
south. A syncline, probably forming a portion 1,790-ft. level a black slate was noticed on either
of a roll or monocline, was noticed in the plat side of the syncline, and appeared to be the
at the 988-ft. level, but it was not visible in the downward continuation of the slate on which the
levels above or below. West of the syncline Guiding Star lode had formed in the upper levels,
regular east-dipping strata were exposed to 730 but, owing to overthrust folding, the point could
feet f r o m the shaft at the 2,287-ft. level. At not be settled.
the 594-ft. 8-in. level a long cross-cut west is
reported to have intersected the granitic dyke Details of Mine Workings.
which extends throughout the Sebastopol field.
JfOO-ft. Level.—On account of the rich stone
This level was closed by a dam, and consequently
worked at the shallow levels in the adjacent mine—
not surveyed. the Star of the East—the old 400-ft. level was re-
The lodes as worked in this mine are the Guid- opened, and driving south was commenced at
ing Star, for which the shaft was started, and 193 feet east of the shaft in the year 1902.
the Consols lode, which dipped towards this shaft I n the south drive for 660 feet the lode track
on account of its westerly underlie. was mineralized, but was unpayable. A cross-
East of the shaft a lode, probably the Guiding cut was put in to the west for a distance of 285
Star or a closely associated formation, was ieet. Rising and cross-cutting above the main
worked f r o m the 400-ft. to the 890-ft. level with drive were also done, but nothing of value was
payable results. This lode, which was asso- met with. At 77 feet east of the main shaft the
ciated with the usual black slates, had a dip to mineral track was intersected, and driven on
the west, and conformed to the strike and dip of for 260 feet without payable results, and work
the strata. It was a small lode, up to 4 ft. in then ceased at this level in 1903.
width. A fault was met with 30 feet under the
1,900-ft. Level.—When operations were com-
890-ft. level, below which nothing defined was
menced by the Band and Loch Company early
discovered. From the section it appears prob-
in- 1899, the north drive at the 1,900-ft. level
able that the reputed fault was a syncline. At
on the Consols line of lode was in 1,020 feet from
the 1,221-ft, 1,310-ft., and 1,400-ft. levels a large
the cross-cut. On extending this drive a shoot
lode formation with a well defined footwall and
of payable stone 130 feet in length was passed
several feet of highly laminated quartz thereon,
through, and a rise was then put up and con-
was driven on to the north and south, but al-
nected with a winze sunk to a depth of 100 feet
though highly mineralized, nothing of payable
below the 1,730-ft. level of the Sir Henry Loch
value was located. Below the 1,400-ft. level the
mine. The north drive was continued to 1,538
strata are highly compressed on account of over-
feet from the cross-cut. As soon as the rise was
thrust folding, and no quartz was met with in the
connected with the Sir Henry Loch workings
cross-cut at this level.
stoping was commenced, and a fair supply of
A t the 1,790-ft. level, 400 feet west from the payable stone was maintained.
shaft, a number of quartz spurs, associated with At 630 feet f r o m the cross-cut a winze was
a fault, was driven on. These were auriferous sunk to a depth of 180 feet, and the lode track
in places both at this level and similarly at the was intersected at 47 feet west from the bot-
1,890-ft. level and in the underhand stopes, but tom. Driving north at the 2,080-ft. level was
the values were irregular. This formation was continued in a broken track for 700 feet. At
not in any way connected with the main Guid- 800 feet a full face of stone, showing a little
ing Star lode. gold, was met with, and continued to 1,000 feet.
On the Consols lode the characteristic features Stoping was commenced above this level, but
were visible at the 1,890-ft. level, where a drive the stone proved to be of poor quality. At 100
of 1,200 feet was put in on a formation from feet in the winze a level was opened, and drives
3 in. to several feet in width. This formation, were put in to the north and south. Stoping
where intersected in the cross-cut, lay close to was commenced over this level, the stopes aver-
the syncline, which, at this point, was bifurcated aging 10 feet in width, with blocking strips for
by a small anticline. That slipping had take?i a width of 55 feet to 66 feet. A t 320 feet north
place along the footwall of the lode was evident, a cross-cut put in 45 feet west passed through
the eastern dipping beds sliding upwards on the 35 feet of poor quartz.
western dipping ones. At about 50 feet below I n the northern portion of the mine several
this level the lode pitching to the north, dies out. levels were opened above the 2,080-ft. level, and
At the 2,287-ft. level no lode or track was cut, were connected to the main drives by winzes and
the lode having met the syncline above this level. rises. Stoping in this neighbourhood was con-
A drive north wa.« put in on the eastern side of tinued until the end of 1906.
the syncline.
In order to prove the country on either side
Although highly faulted, pitching in the beds of the main north drive, several cross-cuts were
is comparatively rare, and especially in the west- put in. The No. 1 east cross-cut, at 20 feet in
ern workings it is of very little importance. On from the main drive, intersected a lode 2 ft. wide
the Consols line a number of small faults in con- pitching rapidly to the north. A shoot of payable
nexion with a cross-course occur near the main stone 80 feet in length was met with in the south
cross-cut. The black slate series occurs asso- drive, which had been driven 130 feet.
ciated with the Consols lode, and, when above The N o . 3 cross-cut was driven east to thid
the syncline, in the overlying beds. I n that lode track, and a rise 32 feet in height from the
portion of the cross-cut at the 1,890-ft. level, No. 1 workings connected with the south work-
where it is timbered on account of being in the ings, and the drive south beyond this point was
cross-course material, the black slates are re- continued. The N o . 4 east cross-cut was put in
peated. I n the 890-ft. level the black slates 94 feet, and the N o . 1 west cross-cut f r o m 184
occur, and f r o m the 1,221-ft. to the 1,400-ft. levels feet south of the blind shaft was put out to 141
they form the footwall of the Guiding Star lode, feet. A t 90 feet in this cross-cut 1 ft. of quartz
and it is highly improbable that these were one was passed through, and on it a little driving was
and the same lode. It appears that the lode, carried out.
 174

The Blind Shaft Worlcings. able quartz. A rise put up on this quartz proved
At 50 feet below the level a cross-cut east the lode to be 8 ft. in width. The shoot of
frora the blind shaft met the lode at 32 feet, and stone as worked upwards was over 180 feet in
a drive was put in 66 feet south on highly pay- length.

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 175
A t 100 feet deep in the blind shaft a cross-cut
A t 56 feet north in the north drive off the west
to the east met the lode track at 28 ft., and cross-cut a rise was put up to a height of 54 feet,
a north drive was extended on it f o r a distance passing through several makes of stone, some of
of 219 feet in a full face of quartz, mineralized which carried a little gold.
but not payable. A t 70 feet north of the cross-
cut a rise was put up 30 feet to meet the shoot Plans.—The transverse section (Fig. 27) shows
the structure of all the available workings. The
of stone coming down f r o m the 1,945-ft. level,
details of the lode in the upper levels were taken
but here 50 feet of driving failed to locate pay-
from the sections prepared by the mine manager.
able values.
The following yields were recorded:—
2,100-ft. Level—The 2,100-ft. level cross-cut
west f r o m the main shaft was started early in Year. Tona. Yield.
1903, and after passing through a cross-course
some settled country was met with. A t 540 feet
from tiie shaft some small gold-bearing quartz oz. dwt. gr-
1899 .. 4,745 2,330 15 12
veins were driven on to the south f o r a few feet. 1900 .. 11,190 6,676 19 12
A t 480 feet west of the shaft a drive was put in 1901 .. 11,765 3,854 0 2
south 139 feet to the cross-course. The cross-cut 1902 .. 7,461 3,350 14 18
1903 .. 7,240 3,946 11 0
was then extended to 740 feet f r o m the shaft,
1904 .. 6,446 3,339 11 12
where work ceased in November, 1904, 1905 .. 6,183 2,869 19 6
2,300-ft. Level.—The east cross-cut at this 1906 .. 7,123 3,922 2 0
1907 .. 2,597
depth was started towards the end of 1903, and 1,131 8 0
1908 .. 1,370 415 0 0
reached a total length of 850 feet early in 1905.
A drive north was started at 787 feet f r o m the
shaft, and a small vein of quartz was followed S T A R OF THE E A S T COMPANY.
without improvement in size to 2,080 feet north,
where a clean footwall, with 1 ft. of laminated (PI: V I I . , V I I A . , V I I I . , I X . )
quartz underlying to the west, was met with. The Star of the East Company was formod in
A t 350 feet nortii of the main cross-cut a cross- 1879, and started operations by sinking a shaft
cut was put in east f o r 108 feet, and a small near the Yarrowee Creek to a depth of 230 feet.
make of stone was passed through. A t 875 feet Small quartz veins were met with in the drives at
north of the main cross-cut the N o . 2 east cross- this level, but nothing payable was disclosed.
cut was put in 100 feet. A t 960 feet f r o m the Early in 1880 a new shaft—the N o . 1—was
main cross-cut a cross-cut west was driven 333 started, and passed through only 31 feet of basalt,
feet, passing through a large make of quartz with being near the edge of the basalt flow on the
a little gold at 300 feet, on which a rise was put western bank of the Yarrowee Creek. A t a depth
up. of 100 feet a quartz spur 6 ft. wide was struck,
which yielded a prospect of gold. The shaft was
The drive was continued to 1,460 feet. At
sunk to a depth of 465 feet before opening out at
1,218 feet a cross-course was passed through,
463 feet in September, 1880. A cross-cut west, at
which threw the lode 15 feet to the east. Ihe
the 463-ft. level, was put out f o r 305 feet, and an-
north drive was stopped at 1,579 feet f r o m the
other east f o r 150 feet, without locating any down-
cross-cut. A north drive f r o m the end of the
ward continuation of the quartz cut in the shaft.
west cross-cut was driven along a slide f o r 177 An opening was made at 30 feet below the point
feet, a little gold being seen at times. where the quartz was struck in the shaft, and a
A t 1,155 feet north f r o m the main cross-cut the drive was put in for a distance of over 100 feet,
N o . 3 east cross-cut was put out 106 feet. At but only a few spurs were met with. A rise was
1,450 feet north N o . 4 east cross-cut was put in then put up over this drive on the quartz, which
76 feet. A t 1,459 feet north a rise was put was found to be much broken up and of poor
up and connected with the 2,080-ft. level in value. A t 62 feet west of the shaft, drives 90 feet
1907. F r o m the foot of this rise the N o . 2 west in length were put in north and south on a
cross-cut was put in 180 feet. Cross-cuts were quartz leader, but nothing payable was disclosed
put out west f r o m this rise at 30 feet, 60 feet, and in 1881.
100 feet below the 2,080-ft. level. A t 30 feet below
Shaft-sinking was resumed, and a depth of 670
the 2,080-ft. level the footwall of the lode was met
feet was reached in September, 1881, and cross-
7 feet west of the rise, and it carried 2 ft. 6 in. of
cutting west f o r the Guiding Star lode was com-
mineralized ore, followed by 30 feet of solid
menced at a depth of 660 feet. B y September,
quartz, with veins f o r 55 feet. A t 42 feet in the
1882, the total length of the cross-cut wa.s 532
cross-cut a rise was put up in mineralized quartz
feet, where work ceased (see p. 177). A level
veins. A drive north f o r 38 feet proved a short
was opened at 200 feet in the shaft, and at
shoot of payable stone, which was stoped out early
13 feet east a drive was put in south for
in 1898.
over 100 feet, but nothing payable was met
A south drive f o r 51 feet carried a full face with. A cross-cut east was started in August,
of unpayable stone, and a rise was put up to the 1883, after the company had erected a more power-
2,080-ft. level. A t 60 feet below the 2,080-ft. ful winding plant than that formerly in use. At
level disturbed strata were passed through, and a 148 feet f r o m the shaft a highly mineralized
drive north was put in 270' feet. Mineralized quartz vein was passed through in hard country.
quartz was met with in this drive 60 feet north of The cross-cut was extended to 200 feet, but not
the cross-cut, and in the face 4 ft. of quartz, with a meeting with anything more promising, a level
good footwall, was exposed. A t 86 feet north of was driven north on the mineralized quartz vein.
the cross-cut a rise was put. up 30 feet on 2 ft. A t 15 feet north of the cross-cut a large body of
of mineralized quartz. A t 120 feet below the quartz was struck, but no gold was obtained in it.
2,080-ft. level a cross-cut was put in to the west The drive was continued f o r 160 feet on a reef
f o r 75 feet, but no lode was met with. On driv- which varied f r o m 2 ft. to 4 ft. in width, but not
ing north some promising stone was met with at payable. A drive was put in south for 100 feet,
150 feet, and followed for 15 feet before the mine but the quartz vein continued small, only about
closed down. 9 in. wide. Early in 1882 a Government grant
 176

of £400 enabled tlie company to extend the north continue west of the lode for a further distance of
drive to 320 feet without meeting any improve- 100 feet at least. Eastwards from the Albion anti-
ment; the two walls were 20 feet apart and well cline a general easterly dip extends to the Guiding
defined, carrying a few quartz leaders between Star syncline, which lies 150 feet to the west of the
them. Two crushings were obtained, but these shaft at the 603-ft. level, and 70 feet to the west
proved unpayable, and on the 14th May, 1884, the of it at the 2,189-ft. level. This syncline is sym-
mine closed down owing to the non-payment of metrical at the 603-ft. level, and also in each level
calls. The capital of the company was increased below the 1,395-ft. level, W t in the intervening
by raising the amount payable on each share from levels, owing to compression and overfolding, the
16s. Sd. to £1 16s. 8d., and the issuing of 12,000 syncline occurs in strata which, at the 1,100-ft.
shares at £1 each. level, have a general easterly dip of 70°. At this
level the centre of the syncline is at 175 feet west
The development in the Band and Albion mine,
of the shaft. This overthrust fold occurs also at
where a south pitching shoot of gold was struck
a similar depth in the mine to the north (see
(see p. 122), enabled the company to dispose of the
p. 172).
shares, and baling was started in September, 1884.
The western cross-cut, at the 660-ft. level, was ex- Going eastwards from the shaft the Guiding
tended, and shaft sinking recommenced. During Star anticline is met in the 2,189-ft. level at 180
1885 a lode was cut at 128 feet east of the shaft, at feet, at which point the anticline is a well-defined
the 760-ft. level, and drives were put in north and broad arch (PI. V I I I . ) . Further eastward a com-
south along its course. In August, 1886, the Guid- pound syncline occurs, consisting of a trough, at
ing Star line of lode was cut in the 660-ft. level 750 feet, and another at 930 feet, with an anti-
cross-cut at a distance of 1,612 feet from the shaft. cline at 850 feet from the shaft. This compoimd
The lode was small at this point, but on driving syncline (The Consols), at the 2,189-ft. level,
north the stone opened out, and a trial crushing carries laminated quartz and black slates, appa-
from it yielded over an ounce of gold to the ton. rently the downward continuation of the Consols
In September, 1886, the site for the No. 2 shaft, to line of lode, which will meet the syncline within
work the Guiding Star lode under better condi- 100 feet below this level. The black slate series
tions, was selected about 1,800 feet west of the N o . i is repeated on either side of the minor anticline,
shaft. In March, 1887, while sinking the No. 1 and occurs again dipping east at 710 feet from the
shaft, rich specimens were obtained from a forma- shaft. N o further trace of the black slates occurs
tion at a depth of 1,230 feet. At the 1,230-ft. in the cross-cuts, excepting on the Guiding Star
level quartz was cut in disturbed country at 60 feet syncline, at the 603-ft. level, where they are ex-
west of the shaft. Sinking of the main, or No. 1, posed dipping to the west in association with the
shaft to a depth of 1,420 feet was continued, and lode, and dipping to the east on the west side of
during 18S8 the Consols line of lode was cut on the syncline opposite the shaft. This series of
its southern pitch. At this time the No. 2 shaft beds will extend downwards to about 800 feet from
had reached the shoot of gold on the Guiding Star the surface. The next exposure of this series
lode, and the mine now launched out on a bright occurs on the Albion lode and westward thereof,
career as a gold producer. where the beds are repeated. The chief feature
throughout is the occurrence of the three lodes in
Structure. the same series of beds—the auriferous lodes
The stnictiire of the mine is important as show- forming on the lowermost member of the series,
ing the relationship of the three lines of lode ex- which only attains a thickness of 60 feet to 80 feet,
posed in the Ballarat West mines, together with a and only where the lodes dip west are they
continuous section of the intervening strata. The auriferous.
No. 1 shaft, situated on the west bank of the
Yarrowee Creek, passed through 10 feet of surface To connect the Albion lode with the Guiding
soil, 31 feet of basalt, and 9 feet of clay before Star lode over the Albion anticline, about 2 miles
entering the bedrock, which can be seen outcrop- in length of strata would be necessary. This
ping under the basalt along the hillside to the east means that on the Albion anticline denudation
and north. This shaft was inaccessible for sur- and faulting, associated with the folding, has re-
vey, and consequently no information was avail- moved a total thickness of nearly 5,000 feet of
able there regarding the Consols line of lode. strata from the present bedrock level to the black
The No. 2 shaft, situated 1,650 feet south- slate series alone, and there is evidence of hun-
westerly from the No. 1 shaft, passed through the dreds of feet of strata associated with the folding
following layers before reaching bedrock at 299 which existed above that horizon.
feet :— At the 2,189-ft. level, at 360 feet west from the
shaft, an auriferous quartz spur was followed
I'ormitioa. Thiokntse.
northwards for several hundred feet. Although
Feet. of low-grade, this spur, on account of its width of
Surface soil . . 5 60 ft. or more, was profitably worked f o r some time.
Basalt (first rock) 75
CUy
The horizon of the beds containing this formation
5
Basalt (secoudrock) .. 95 occurs stratigraphically at about 600 feet below
Clay 6 the black slate series. Insufficient data was avail-
Basalt (third rock) 48 able to definitely point to the existence of another
Drift and clay 59
favorable zone, but the evidence at this point, and
Total 293 also at the 1,800-ft. and 1,900-ft. levels in the Band
and Albion No. 9 shaft to the north, favours the
view that another auriferous zone occurred,
The geological section of the No. 2 shaft work- although of low-grade, in both places. In their
ings consists of a main anticlinal axis, the Albion, occurrence both these agree with the Ballarat East
at 900 feet west of the shaft. Westwards from this field, as they are in east-dipping strata in marked
fold regular west-dipping strata show up to the contrast to the main lodes in the Ballarat West
Albion lode, and, as proved by a cross-cut, they field.
 177
Faults in tlie strata are of comparatively small
amount of mineral to 70 feet in height, where the
importance, and they follow the common rule of
stone pinched. A t 417 feet north of the cross-cut
the field by dipping into the folds. I n the east-
the drive was stopped, the lode track there being
dipping strata they appear to predominate, but
4 ft. wide, carrying 12 in. of solid quartz.
the amount of displacement is usually small. In
1,100-ft. Level.—The cross-cut east at this level
the syncline in which the Consols lode occurs,
was started in June, 1895, and cut the lode track
faults were encountered with such frequency that
at 160 feet f r o m the shaft. The " track," 2 ft.
they rendered the following of the lode a matter of
wide, carried a little stone, and was driven on
extreme difiiculty, and combined to make the lode
north, but f o r 90 feet only disturbed country, was
unpayable, although its value was such as would
met with. F r o m this point the lode improved,
yield a profit under favorable conditions. I n the
and at 128 feet it carried stone the full width of
cross-cuts three beds of fault rock or pseudo-con-
the drive. This stone continued to 180 feet,
glomerate were observed, two of w^hich occurred
where a little gold was found. A t 200 feet north
west of the Albion anticline, at the 1,49 5-ft. level,
the stone diminished in size, and slate appeared on
lying respectively 930 feet and 932 feet f r o m the
the footwall. A t 300 feet driving was stopped,
shaft. I n character they consist of f r o m 1 foot
the lode having become Aery small.
to 3 feet of slate and sandstone fragments, the
latter rounded, but the slates,usually angular with 1,200-ft. Level.—The lode in this level was cut
cleavages at all angles, the matrix being a re- 12 feet east of the shaft in February, 1895, and
cemented sandstone. -showed 12 in. of stone in the cross-cut. The stone
crmtracted as driven on north, being only a few
A t the 1,495-ft. level mineralized water, with inches Avide at 120 feet f r o m the cross-cut. At
carbonic acid gas under pressure, Avas met with 154 feet a trial crushing of lode material f r o m the
80U feet w-est of the shaft, and at the 2,189-ft. level full width of the drive yielded only 2 dwt. to the
a similar spring occurred at 400 feet east of the ton. A rise was put up at 120 feet f r o m the cross-
shaft. Carbonated waters depositing travertine cut, and at 70 feet up it showed 15 in. of quartz,
were numerous below the 1,099-ft. level, but the which pinched to 6 in. at 100 feet. A t 125 feet
two cases mentioned above partook more of the broken country was passed through j at 153 feet
nature o f mineral springs, little mineral deposi- quartz 1 ft. 6 in. wide was risen o n ; and at 179
tion taking place. feet a strong stream of water was encountered, and
The plans and transverse section show the struc- rising was stopped.
ture and the intervening strata between the three l,Jf.20-ft. Level.—This level was opened early in
lodes of the Ballarat West field. 1888, and cross-cutting AA'est was commenced. At
Details of the Various Levels, Ko. 1 Shaft. 320 feet f r o m the shaft the lode Avas intersected,
(PI. viiiA.) and a drive north proA'ed that the formation was
SOO-ft. Level—Dui'ing 1896 and 1897 a cross- well defined and of payable quality f o r a length of
cut east at this level was driven a distance of 440 195 feet up to a fan t, which displaced the lode for
feet without meeting anything defined in the way a distance of 130 feet. Beyond this fault a lode
of a lode. A t 270 feet f r o m the shaft a rise was 3 ft. wide was followed. Stoping over this level
put up on some quartz leaders and spurs, but fail- was commenced in 1888, and a length of 620 feet
ing to meet with anything payable, it was sus- of payable stone was opened up south of the fault.
pended at about 30 feet above the level. A south This stone ranged in width f r o m 2 ft. to 4 ft., and
drive from the foot of the rise carried, for a dis- continued to 250 feet south of the cross-cut. Stop-
tance of over 100 feet up to a cross-course, a large ing was carried on until 1891. In August, 1896,
formation of quartz leaders in slate. N o pay- the main leA'el was repaired, and the N o . 2 rise
able stone was located on the south side of the repaired and risen to 60 feet aboA-e the interme-
cross-course, and work was discontinued at this diate level (1,360-ft.), at which level the drive
level in April, 1897. north carried 4 feet of stone shoAving gold occa-
660-ft. Level {West Crosscut).—When the com- sionally. This continued to 90 feet, where the
pany was reconstructed in 1885, the face of the stone became smaller. Stopes above this point
west cross-cut stood at 532 feet f r o m the shaft connected vrith the Band and Albion N o . 10 shaft
(see p. 175). Cross-cutting was resumed in May, workings.
under partial assistance f r o m the Government, and Intermediate (l,Jf70-ft. Level).—Below the
the track of the Guiding Star lode was cut at 1,612 1,420-ft. leA^el the N o . 1 winze was sunk, and a
feet west of the shaft in August, 1886. The lode drive south was commenced, showing at 40 ft.
was associated with a pyrites seam 10 in. wide, that the lode Avas 3 ft. wide.
which, on driving north, was replaced by quartz 1,520-ft. Zet-eZ.—The shaft reached a depth
showing gold freely. Stoping above the level was of 1,547 feet towards the end of 1888, and
continued to a height of 165 feet at the highest in 1S89 the western cross-cut, at the 1,520-ft. level,
point and to a depth of 180 fe.et below the level, cut the Consols lode at 460 feet, where driving was
while the north drive was put in 875 feet and the commenced to the north. I n this north drive a
south drive 740 feet f r o m the cross-cut. I n 1888 lode f r o m 2 ft. to 4 ft. wide showed gold freely,
the workings in the south drive were connected and it was followed for a length of 388 feet. From
with the N o . 2 shaft. I n 1900 operations were 300 feet to 400 feet the lode tapered f r o m 3 ft. 6 in.
commenced in the Guiding Star shaft to work the to 2 ft., but maintained its payable quality. At
lode to the outcrop. 410 feet a slide occurred, which appears to have
660-ft. Level (East Cross-cut.)—In March, terminated the golden shoot, as a cross-cut put in
1897, the cross-cut east was re-opened and repaired to the east failed to locate it. A t 437 feet north
with a view to further prospecting. The north of the main cross-cut the reef was very small and
drive on the lode was repaired and driving re- poor, and continued without improvement to 515
sumed. A t 340 feet f r o m the cross-cut 15 in. of feet. Stoping over this level was commenced in
quartz rising to the north was proved, and con- 1889, and continued until 1892. The N o . 1 winze
tinued to 390 feet. A t 400 feet a rise was put up f r o m this level carried a lode averaging 2 ft. wide,
on the track to intersect the quartz, which had which showed fair gold the whole Avay. I n the
risen over the back of the drive. The lode in the N o . 2 winze the lode averaged 2 ft. 6 in. in width,
rise increased to 2 ft. in width, and carried a large and was of good quality.
4424.-12
 178

1,520-ft. Level South.—At 145 feet soutli tlie 1891, a lode track 2 ft. wide of nicely laminated
lode carried 3 ft. of quartz stowing gold. This stone was cut at 540 feet from the shaft, the cross-
widened to 4 ft. at 160 feet, and continued to cut being extended to 566 feet in strata carrying
180 feet, being nicely laminated. At 207 feet the quartz but no gold. I n the north drive for 100
quartz had contracted to 2 ft., widening to 5 ft. at feet no lode was met with, a slide having dis-
from 270 feet to 310 feet, and maintaining a good turbed the formation. A t 100 feet north a cross-
value. Good quality quartz, averaging 2' ft. 6 in. cut east cut 22 feet into the lode, which was of
in width, was proved to 560 feet, and was followed slate and quartz leaders intermixed. The north
by a small, poor reef. Driving ceased at 573 feet drive was continued to 266 feet without meeting
in September, 1891. In the No. 1 winze the lode, with any quartz, the country being broken in the
which was at first 3 ft. wide, contracted to 2 ft. at face by the influence of the slide. At this point
a depth of 66 ft., but it carried payable gold do-wn the lode was heaved 20 feet to the west, and was,
to a depth of 104 feet. The No. 2 winze was where picked up, 2 ft. wide, and of poor value.
started in a large body of stone, which was only From 280 feet to 340 feet no change in the size
3 ft. in width at 65 feet. A t 131 feet the winze or value occurred, but from 350 feet to 380 feet
broke through to the 1,620-ft. level, where'the reef the lode averaged 1 ft. 6 in. wide, and showed
was very flat. This connexion proved that the coarse gold. A t 400 feet the lode was smaU, and
gold extended from level to level. The No. a at 450 feet the north drive again entered disturbed
winze started in the lode 5 ft. wide carrying good country, which continued to the face at 457 feet.
gold; at 50 feet the lode was 4 ft. in width; and
Driving south was commenced on a strong body
at 75 feet it was 3 ft. wide, and of good payable
of quartz carrying gold, which maintained an
quality. When connected through to the 1,620-ft.
average width of 2 ft., and was of fair quality for
level the distance from level to level (100 feet ver-
130 feet, after which it decreased both in size
tical) was 150 feet on the underlay. In No. 4
and value. For 200 feet the lode was of poor
winze the lode (width not given) was of payable
quality, and irregular in size, though at times up
quality from level to level.
to 2 ft. in width. At 350 feet south the lode be-
1,620-ft. Level.—In the north drive the lode came more solid, and quartz 2 ft. wide of improved
widened from under 1 ft. in the cross-cut to 2 feet appearance came in. At -360 feet the lode widened
of fair quality at 80 feet, and to 260 feet it aver- out to 3 ft., and carried good gold values. At this
aged 2 ft. of fair quality. From 260 feet to 420 point much water was met with, which necessi-
feet the lode proved irregular and small. At 430 tated ceasing work for over three months whilst
feet the stone widened to 1 ft. 6 in.; at 450 feet the mine was draining. Stone. averaging 4 ft.
it reached a width of 2 ft. 6 in, but to 530 feet it in width w^as driven on to 480 feet, where the lode
was of poor quality. Driving was continued on became broken and poor in quality. At 530 feet
a track with the lode small and poor. At 900 stone 2 ft. wide came in, but. continued for a short
feet the stone widened out to 1 ft. 8 in. for a distance only. At 560 feet a new make 3 ft. wide
short distance, but carried no gold. The drive showing gold came in on the footwall, but this
was extended to 975 feet, or within 15 feet of only continued for a few feet, after which dis-
the north boundary, without encountering any new turbed country was followed up to 640 feet. At
makes of stone. The lode at this level Avas cut 655 feet south stone 3 ft. wide showing a little gold
at 480 feet west of the shaft, and driving south was met with, and this make continued to 700
was started in March, 1891. The lode where in- feet before it pinched. A small formation of poor
tersected in the cross-cut was small, but showed value was driven on to 800 feet; at 830 feet 2 ft.
a Kttle gold. As the south drive advanced, the of quartz, which at first carried no gold, came in,
lode improved in size and quality; at 50 feet south but at 850 feet it was 1 ft. 6 in. wide, and showed
it was 1 ft. 6 in. -wide; at 90 feet south, 2 ft. a little gold. At 950 feet south this shoot of
wide; at 120 feet south, 2 ft. 6 in., enlarging to golden stone reached a width of 5 ft., and averaged
5 ft. at 140 feet, and to 6 ft. at 160 feet south. 3 ft. 6 in. wide up to 1,050 feet, where the shoot
The lode here carried good gold values. To 300 of gold was passed out of. The lode track con-
feet south the lode was rich, and averaged over tinued from 2 ft. to 3 ft. in width, but up to the
5 ft. in width. T o 400 feet south it maintained face at 1,116 feet it only carried bunches of quartz
a width of 4 ft., and was of good quality. At 425 mixed with the slate.
feet the shoot of stone was passed out of, and the
lode became small, and a blank portion of the Rises and Winzes (1720-ft. Level).—The No. 2
reef channel was driven in for 60 feet; the lode rise was put up from a point 200 feet south of the
then made again at 513 feet, being 2 ft. wide, cross-cut. At 30 feet up there was 3 ft. of stone,
and showing gold. At 540 feet the reef had which carried gold at 50 feet, and continued of
widened out to 5 ft., and it carried fair gold fair quality up to 121 feet, Avhere the rise broke
values; at 620 feet the lode was 4 ft. wide, but. through to the level above. In the No. 3 rise,
tapered gradually till it cut out at 730 feet. Driv- 300 feet south of the cross-cut, there was 3 ft. of
ing was continued in the lode channel, the quartz fair stone at 40 feet up, widening out to 4 ft. at
in which was small and irregular, and of no value 70 feet up the rise. I n the No. 4 rise, 400 feet
up to the south face at 1,168 feet. south of the cross-cut, there was 6 ft. of good pay-
I n 1895 a diamond drill, bore was put in east- able reef at 20 feet u p ; at 90 feet up it was 4 ft.
erly, but much difliculty was experienced in bor- wide, and of good value; and at 112 feet it was
ing. From 40 feet to 47 feet the bore passed 3 ft. wide, carrying fair gold. In the No. 5 rise,
through broken country, necessitating tubing; 500 feet south of the cross-cut, the stone at the
from 47 feet to 315 feet it was in solid country, foot of the rise was small and poor, and continued
followed by 10 feet of broken strata. The No. 2 so for 40 feet. At 60 feet up the rise the stone
bore east, on an angle, entered broken country was 2 ft. wide, and carried gold; and at 112^feet
shortly after starting. At 322 feet it passed up it was again small. At 138 feet the rise con-
through 12 in. of quartz, and was stopped at 556 nected with the level above. I n the No. 6 rise,
feet from the shaft. 600 feet south of the cross-cut, at 12 feet up the
1,720-ft. Level.—The cross-cut west at this level reef was 2 ft. 6 in. wide, sho-wing gold, widening
was started in September, 1890, and in April, to 5 ft. of good value at 50 fe«t up, and then
 179
tapered off to 1 ft. 6 in. at 118 feet. A t 138 feet 2 ft. 6 in. wide, and payable, was met with, and
the rise broke through to the level above.
in this stone the rise was continued till it broke
I n the N o . 8 rise 800 feet south of the cross-cut through to the level above at 117 feet.
the reef came in at 20 feet u p ; at 30 feet it had The N o . 3 rise was commenced 575 feet south of
Widened out to 1 ft., gradually increasing to 4 ft. the cross-cut. The lode at the foot of the rise
of good quality stone at 90 feet; at 118 feet it was 12 in. in width, and continued smaU up to
passed through a shoot of stone, and connected 90 feet, where it became disturbed, and at 115 feet
with the upper level at 146 feet. I n the N o . 9 up it was 4 ft. wide, and of poor quality.
rise, 900 feet south of the cross-cut, rising was
commenced in a big reef, which at 30 feet up main- The N o . 4 rise was started at 675 feet south
tained a width of 4 ft., and showed fair gold. of the cross-cut. I t started on the northern edge
At 80 feet the shoot of golden stone was passed out of the second make of stone, and disturbed coun-
of, but a narrow make of stone continued to try was risen in f o r 20 feet, after which the reef
123 feet. A t 149 feet a connexion was made to increased in size, widening out to 3 ft. at 40 feet
the level above. up, and to 4 ft. at 70 feet, averaging 3 ft. 6 in.
throughout. I t was of medium quality up to
143 feet, at which point the level above was con-
1,820-ft. Level.—The cross-cut at this level was
nected with.
started in May, 1892, and the lode channel was
cut at 550 feet f r o m the shaft in March, 1893. The N o . 5 rise was put up at 775 feet south of
As the water f r o m the abandoned mines of the the cross-cut, and near to the centre of the shoot
Band and Albion group was at this time making of gold. A t 30 feet up the lode was 3 ft. wide,
its way through the upper levels, means of over- laminated and gold-bearing. To 90 feet the reef
coming the difficulty was sought. A connexion carried a little gold, and averaged 3 ft. 6 in.
was made by extending this cross-cut and con- in width, but its size and value diminished. At
necting to the N o , 2 shaft, where a large beam a height of 132 feet the rise connected to the
engine pumping plant was erected. I n 1895 this 1,720-ft. level.
work was completed, the distance between the
shafts by this cross-cut being 1,800 feet. In The N o . 6 rise, 875 feet south of cross-cut, was
April, 1894, a north drive was begun at this level. commenced near to the southern end of the snoot,
This was carried in a total of 78 feet, but the and it carried only a small lode for 100 ieet, at
lode continued small and poor in very hard coun- which point a new shoot of stone came in, and
try. widened out to 2 ft. at 134 feet up a point 4 It.
under the 1,720-ft. level.
The south drive on the lode at the 1,820-ft. level The. N o . 7 rise was 975 feet south of the cross-
was Gv-^jnenced in July, 1893. The lode, on an cut. i t commenced on a small loae of low value,
average, was 1 ft. 6 in. wide, and showed a little and no change occurred till 40 leel up, wiiere tne
gold f o r a distance of 140 feet, where a slide was shoot of stone pitciiing south, was met witJi. Tne
met with, which threw the lode to the west as lode widened oat to 3 ft. at 90 feet and to
going south. Where the lode was again picked up 3 it. 6 in., at i20-ft., showing gold and continuing
it was poor and small, but it widened out to 3 ft. gold-bearing to 150 feet. A t 171 feet, on tJie
at 280 feet, tapering again to 2 ft. at 300 feet, underlay, tne rise connected with tlie level above.
without showing any improvement in value. The
stone increased in size, and at 460 feet it was 4 ft. The N o . 8 rise was 1,075 feet south of the
wide, showing a little gold. A bulge in the reef cross-cut. I t was started on a fiat portion of the
attained a width of 5 ft. at 500 feet, and its quality lode (probably near the apex of the anticlinal
was fair up to 540 feet, where it pinched. Another fold). A t 24 feet up the rise it was 2 it. wide
make of stone came in at about 600 feet, but its and carried gold, but owing to the flatness of the
gold value was small to 650 feet, where it was lode, a cross-cut was put in 20 feet east f r o m the
2 ft. wide. This lode widened out to an average mam level and a rise was started f r o m this face.
of 4 ft. 6 in., and continued to 830 feet, then At 50 feet in height the lode was again picked up
tapering off to 2 ft., and the gold dying out in and risen in to 70 feet, where another cross-cut
it at 900 feet. The lode was small, and under 1 ft. east of 20 feet had to be put in on account of the
6 in. to 1,040 feet, where 2 ft. of quartz with fair flat underlay of the lode. A t 102 feet above the
gold was met with, but, although the reef in- level the lode was 3 ft. wide, but it pinched at
creased its size, the gold was irregularly distri- 130 feet. A t 170 feet this rise connected to the
buted. A t 1,150 feet the reef was 4 ft. wide, and level above.
showed gold occasionally. A t 1,180 feet a slide 2,000-ft. Level.—In January, 1895, a cross-cut
cut off the lode, and broken country was driven was started west, and at 560 feet f r o m the shaft a
in up to 1,228 feet f r o m the cross-cut, where driv- large slide dipping south-west was encountered,
ing ceased. through which the cross-cut passed, and was con-
tinued to 782 feet. A t 730 feet f r o m the shaft
Rises and Winzes (1,820-ft. Level).—No. 1 rise
the strata were dipping to the west. A drive
was put up 375 feet south of the cross-cut. I n this
south-westerly was commenced at 550 feet f r o m the
rise a small lode was followed to 60 feet, when it shaft. A t 110 feet irregular stone and much water
enlarged to 2 ft. wide at a height of 90 feet. This was struck, and along this stone the drive was
rise, in which nothing of consequence was met turned southerly. The lode track as followed at
with, broke through to the level above at 108 feet this level proved unsatisfactory throughout. The
on the underlay of the lode. first make of stone, averaging 2 ft. in width, was
The N o . 2 rise, 475 feet south of cross-cut, driven on f r o m 120 feet to 278 feet, and although
was put up on stone 4 ft. in width, showing gold, at times it was of promising appearance, no pay-
able stone was met with. Up to 683 feet f r o m the
which tapered to 1 ft. wide at 80 feet, payable
cross-cut the lode was irregular, and carried only
stone being risen on the whole way. A t this
a few inches of quartz, and at 700 feet south a
point the first shoot of stone was passed through.
cross-cut east cut a lode 2 ft. wide, to intersect
M 107 feet up the rise the second shoot of stone,
 180

which xhe main drive was turned eastward. , At of the lode was cut, and drives were opened to the
736 feet this lode was 3 ft. 6 in. wide, and of very north and south. The west cross-cut was extended
promising appearance, but at 815 feet it had to 1,440 feet by August, 1904, striking the
tapered out to 3 in. Eubbly quartz of no value " granitic dyke " with heavy water accompanying
was followed to 1,000 feet, after which solid quartz it. The cross-cut was then stopped, and a brick
up to 3 ft. in width at 1,100 feet was followed dam was constructed in the cross-cut. I n 1909
ap to a cross-course at 1,170 feet. The drive was the dam was removed, and the cross-cut was ex-
then turned westerly along this cross-course, and tended to 1,820 feet, where the Albion lode was cut
at 107 feet it picked up what was considered to be and driven on to the south. Owing to the water
the lost lode, here 4 ft. wide (this point Avas 1,287 from abandoned workings finding its way into the
feet from the cross-cut). At 1,400 feet the lode mine, the cost of pumping was too severe a tax on
was 5 ft. wide, and showed fair gold, which con- the resources of the company, and all work ceased
tinued for 50 feet. At 1,475 feet the lode became early in 1910, before the Albion lode was effectu-
small, and the drive was stopped at 1,498 feet from ally tested.
the cross-cut in July, 1897. A winze was then
sunk south of the cross-course from the 2,000-ft. Driving south on the Guiding Star lode a well-
level on a lode averaging 3 ft. 6 in. for a depth d e ^ e d track with laminated mineralized quartz,
of 40 feet on quartz of fair quality, on which a occasionally carrying a few colours of gold, was
drive south was commenced. Very little work followed. A t 100 feet the lode was 1 ft. 6 in.
was done here owing to the heavy water. Avide, and at 200 feet it was 2 ft., but of very poor
value. A crushing from the lode, at 245 feet south,
Several diamond drill bores were put in easterly gave i dwt. to the ton. At 300 feet the lode was
at this depth during 1895. Bore No. 1,* due east 2 ft. wide, but a little further it became broken.
at the 2,000-ft. level, cut 6 in. of quartz at 11 feet. At 420 feet south a slide displaced the lode to the
At 184 feet a cross-course Was met with, the broken west. The lode was 2 ft. 6 in. wide, and carried
country continuing up to 227 feet 8 inches, where a little gold at 474 feet, where a rise was put up
drilling was stopped. for 40 feet without improvement in value. A trial
crushing f r o m this stone yielded only 26 dwt. of
Bore N o . 2 cut 4 ft. of hard quartz between gold from 25 tons of quartz. The lode soon de-
82 feet and 86 feet, and at 157 feet it passed creased in size, and only a track was followed to
through a cross-course; at 273 feet it cut 10 in. of the southern cross-course. The lode, when picked
quartz; at 438 feet it cut 12 in. of quartz, fol- up again to the south-west, showed 1 ft. of quartz
lowed by 1 ft. 3 in. of slate and 10 in. of quartz; of favorable appearance, but it carried no gold.
and at 721 feet boring ceased, this being the ex- Driving was continued to near the southern boun-
tent of rods available. dary, but no improvement occurred in the lode.
Bore No. 3 cut 2 ft. of quartz at 30 feet, and 780-ft. Level.—This crosscut was opened west
was put in for a total length of 242 feet. Bore from No. 2 shaft early in 1888. A t 170 feet from
No. 4 was put in for a length of 405 feet 6 inches. the shaft, it cut the track of the Guiding Star
Bore No. 5 cut 1 ft. of quartz at 323 feet 2 inches, lode along which a drive north was put in 600 feet
and was extended for a total length of 326 feet before reaching a shoot of gold coming underfoot
3 inches.* from the 660-it. level of No. 1 shaft. The lode
where gold bearing was highly mineralized and
A cross-cut was started to test the quartz passed varied in width from 2 feet to 4 feet for the first
thi-ough in the above bores, but it revealed the 200 feet. The shoot continued to a cross-course
fact that only valueless quartz leaders in slate at 1,080 feet north; this cross-course faulted the
had been intersected. At 286 feet driving was reef 120 feet east. North of the cross-course the
suspended at this level. reef was payable and was followed for 300 feet ;
for 150 feet north of the cross-course it was pay-
able in the stopes and ranged from 1 foot to 5 feet
No. 2 Shaft (PI. ix.).
in width. South of the cross-course the stopes
Shaft-sinking was commenced in September, were 450 feet in length; the lode ranged from
1886, and the following strata were passed 1 foot to 4 feet in width and carries fair gold
through :— values.

Formation. Thickness.
900-ft. Level.—Guiding Star lode was c u t '
at 166 feet from the shaft in 1889. In the north
feet. drive the quartz was poor for 70 feet and then a
Basalt (first rock) 80 little gold was visible in the reef to 200 feet from
Clay 5
Basalt (second rock) .. 95
the crosscut. A t 600 feet north the reef was 2
Clay 6 feet wide and payable up to 900 feet, beyond
Basalt (third rock) 48 which it was small and poor to the face at 1,010
Clay and drift 65 feet. Stoping above this level was carried on for
a length of 300 feet on a shoot of quartz from 1
foot to 4 feet wide. The stopes were exhausted in
The shaft was bottomed at 299 feet, and was sunk
1891. From 70 feet to 200 feet north of the shaft
to a depth of 1,400 feet by September, 1891, when
a stope 20 feet in height reached the cap of the
a cross-cut to intersect the Guiding Star lode was
shoot.
commenced.
In the south drive, commenced in 1891, the reef
was small and poor for 450 feet, but good auri-
Guiding Star Lode Worhings. ferous quartz was stoped below the level. Poor
600-ft. Level.—In September, 1902, a cross-cut quartz was followed up to the cross-course at 800
west wai? started at this level to prove the southern feet south. The cross-course displaced the lode
portion of the Guiding Star lode, which at this 80 feet south-west. Beyond the cross-course the
time was being profitably worked in the Guiding lode was followed 180 feet to near the south
Star shaft. At 100 feet west of the shaft the track boundary of the mine. A block of reef below
this level and soTxth of the crosscourse was pay-
•Annii»! Report, Secretary for Mines, year 1895. able.
 181
1,000-ft. Level—In 1890 tlie cross-cut west at
330 feet, and the lode then improved both in
this level intersected the lode at 245 feet from the
size and quality; at 400 feet the lode was 20 fe^t
shaft. Drives north and south were put in.
wide and continued large; at 550 feet a cross-cut
In the cross-cut the reef was 1 foot wide, but it
west passed through 70 feet of mineralized quartz
widened rapidly northwards. A t 70 feet it was
before reaching the hanging wall. The lode was
8 feet wide and carried visible gold and increased large and payable to 980 feet; at 1,020 feet a
in size to 170 feet, where it was 13 feet wide. cross-course threw the lode to the north-east, and
For the next hundred feet an average width of 12 it was not located again north of the break at
feet was maintained. It was payable from 80 feet this level. Driving ceased in June, 1893.
north of the cross-cut. A t ?40 feet north 23 feet
of rich stone was proved, and between this point In 1891 the south drive was extended 400 feet
and a slide at 533 feet the reef averaged 25 feet on the track of the lode, but nothing of value was
of solid quartz. Beyond the slide only a little found in the level, a rise at 200 feet south proving
quartz was found in the north drive, but some the shoot of quartz to have a northerly pitch.
gold-bearing quartz was found at 750 feet and
was followed to 820 feet, where a cross-cut east for The stopes over the north drive opened up a
23 feet cut an auriferous lode 2 feet wide. The lode which in size and quality surpassed anything
main drive was turned on an angle to intersect previously known on the field. A body of quartz
this lode, which was reached at 900 feet north of over 700 feet long and from 15 to 70 feet wide
the main cross-cut. From this point a lode of was taken out completely for a height of over
fair quality 2 feet wide was followed for 30 feet 100 feet. Later operations in 1899 comprised
before it pinched out, leaving a track which was the working of payable quartz veins and spury
followed to a cross-course at 1,053 feet north west of the main lode at a distance of over 100 feet
(November, 1892). from the footwall.

A t this level cross-cuts west off the north drive l,2G0~ft. Level.—The cross-cut west at this level
proved the lode to be upwards of 30 feet in width was opened in October, 1891, and was continued
and to carry from 10 dwts. to 15 dwts. of gold to 250^feet from the shaft without locating the
per ton (1891 to 1895). downward continuation of the reef from the level
above. A t 110 feet from the shaft a drive was
In the drive south from the main cross-cut the started north on a leader 10 inches wide. A t 50
lode opened out and at 50 feet it was 10 feet feet north 3 feet of poor quartz came up in the
wide. To 250 feet it averaged 11 feet wide, but floor of the drive and was followed to a slide at
carried only a, little gold; a block of sandstone 143 feet. North of the slide a small body of
there came down in the back of the drive and cut quartz with leaders on the hanging wall and a
out the lode, leaving only 6 inches of quartz on fault on the footwall was followed to another slide
the footwall side. The reef continued small and at 500 feet. Beyond this slide only spurs were
poor up to 350 feet, where it widened to 1 foot found and a cross-cut put in 150 feet west at
and carried fair gold values. The shoot con- 700 feet north failed to locate any quartz in that
tinued to a slide at 450 feet, beyond which a small direction. A t 794 feet the main drive cut a
mineralized lode was followed to 561 feet ('Sep- slide, but the lode to the north of this did not
tember, 1891). From this point to a slide at improve until a formation 3 feet wide was cut at
775 feet the lode remained small and poor, but 930 feet; this carried a little gold for a few feet
•Heyond the slide the two walls were 7 feet apart. but soon became broken. A t 990 feet the lode
The track became a little richer in gold as it was was cut off bv a cross-course, and after passing
followed, but at 880 feet a cross-course came in, through several feet of broken country, the drive
bevond which the lode was 5 feet wide tapering intersected small leaders at 1,060 feet from the
to 2 feet wide at 1,000 feet. A t 1.050 feet the cross-cut, and shortly afterwards a formation con-
quartz was 6 feet over the back. The drive was sisting of 20 feet of quartz carrying a little gold.
stopried at the boundarv of the lease. 1,135 feet During 1894 work ceased in this drive at about
south of the cross-cut (November, 1895). 1,400 feet north, nothing of value having been
located, although the rises from this level con-
nected with the gold-bearing stopes below the
7,000-H. Tyevel (rises. <!«;.).—From the south 1,100-ft. level. Kesults were poor, especially
face a rise was put up for ventilation and con- towards the close of 1900.
nected with the 900-ft. level in the South Star
mine. At 30 feet up the rise the lode was 3 feet
l,SOO-ft. Level.—Cross-cutting west at this level
wide and carried 1-^ feet of solid quartz, which
began in 1893, and drives were opened out at
widened oijt to more than the width of the rise
100 feet west of the shaft as the cross-cut at
at 50 feet up ; at 90 feet up the lode contain ed
1,500-ft. level had failed to locate any ore body
ralena and iron pvrites and a fair amount of gold.
further to the west. To the south nothing
At 94 feet a connexion was made, and at 40 feet
of value was located, the drive being put in 540
a level for stoping was opened north.
feet on small and poor quartz.
A large quanti tv of payable stone was obtained
North from the cross-cut a small irregular body
from the stones above the 1,000-ft. level both
of valueless quartz was driven on to a cross-course
north and south of the main cross-cut, the reef
at 1,125 feet north, beyond which a large body
rang-in^ from a few f'^et up to 30 feet in width. of quartz was followed for 350 feet. In 1890
Ri-oping continued in this portion of the mine until stopes were opened on this body of quartz, which
1901. was of large dimensions but poor.
1,100-ft. Level.—In Novem.ber, 1890. a drive
Below the 1,300-ft. level no work was done on
was started north at 180 feet west of the shaft
the Guiding Star line of lode. This was due to
on a make of quart?; 8 inches wide. A rise inter-
the fact that the formation had died out on the
sected a large body of quartz with a southerly
syncline above these levels. With the northerly
pitch at 50 feet above the cross-cut. No change
pitch the large stone on the syncline came down
occurred in the ou.artz in the north drive as far
to the 1.300-ft. level in the northern end of .
as a slide at 275 feet; a little gold waa seen at
 182

mine, and was located in the No. 9 shaft of the the south drive the lode was disturbed for a few
Band & Albion Company to the north, but in that feet by a break. From 60 feet to 130 feet the lode
level, although highly mineralized, it was poor in averaged 1 ft. 8 in. wide, and carried fair gold,
gold. and from 130 feet to 190 feet it was very small,
but for the succeeding 50 feet it maintained an
Albion Lode WorTcings (PL ix.). average of 1 ft. 6 in., and was of good quality,
being exceptionally rich at 214 feet. From 250
9S0-ft. Level.—At this level a drive was opened
feet to 650 feet the lode was small and unpayable,
out from the No. 1 rise, and at 12 feet north 18 in.
but at 650 feet an improvement in size took place,
of payable stone was cut, which soon tapered off
and to a break or slide at 795 feet it averaged 2 ft.
and continued small. At 60 feet the walls were
in width and carried a little gold. At 900 feet
6 feet apart with 8 in. of quartz on the footwall
south another break occurred, which threw the
and 2 ft. on the hanging-wall, gold being visible
lode 20 feet to the west, and the lode was only 8 in.
in the stone on both walls. This lode extended
wide between these breaks. South of the break
up to a break at 80 feet, on the north side of
a cross-drive was put in, which cut the parallel
which the lode was 1 ft. wide, increasing to
lode at 60 feet from the main lode, the Avestern
1 ft. 6 in. at 140 ft., where a slide was met with.
lode at this point being smaller than where cut at
Beyond the slide the lode was 1 ft. 3 in. wide at
800 feet back in a cross-cut, which had been put
158 ft. north. At 185 feet the lode track was
out west in order to sink a winze from it at 75
2 ft. 6 in. wide, showing 9 in. of quartz on the
feet south of the main cross-cut. In the western
footwall. At 200 feet the lode was 1 ft. 6 in. wide,
cross-cut, which was carried out to 320 feet, some
and occasionally showed gold. At 210 feet north
quartz veins and mineralized slates were met with,
the drive was stopped.
at 40 feet west of which the strata gave out much
At 15 feet in the south drive there was 18 in. of water. At 240 feet a network of cross quartz
payable stone, widening but to 2 ft. at 30 feet, veins were intersected.
where it showed^ very fair gold. At 50 feet the
lode was 2 ft. 6 in. wide, and showed gold of very In the 1,100-ft. level north drive the lode for
fair quality, which continued up to 80 feet, where 170 feet north was 2 ft. wide, and carried gold
it increased in width to 4 ft. This width was throughout. At 170 feet, a shoot of stone came
maintained to 100 feet south, and then the lode in, which maintained a width of 1 ft. up to the
tapered, beinsr 2 ft. wide at 150 feet south. At north face at 224 feet.
180 feet south the lode had contracted to 8 in. of
Fises and Winzes.—No. 2 rise was started 100
medium quality stone, which asrain widened out to
feet north of the No. 1, and carried a well-defined
2 ft. at 200 feet, and continued to increase in size.
lode, which was 1 ft. 3 in. wide at 60 feet up and
At 300 feet south the reef was 6 ft. wide, but car-
of promising appearance. At 84 feet the lode was
ried only a little gold, and at 330 feet south it
2 ft. wide and payable. At 108 feet a connexion
showed^ stone of navable nuality 4 ft. wide, which
was made with the 1,000-ft. level, the stone passed
soon died out. The reef channel then consi=;tpd
through for the last 35 feet having been of good
of black mineralized slate with smirs of quartz
quality.
from 400 feet to 440 feet, where a break occurred,
which threw the lode to the west, in which, direc- A main winze was sunk from the cross-cut off
tion the drive was turned. The lode, where picked the main south drive at 75 feet from the main
up south of the slide, was 6 ft. in width from wall cross-cut. At 24 feet down several quartz leaders
+0 wall, and showed 32 in. of quartz on the hnne- were passed through. At 70 feet the lode was met
ing-wall, the remainder beina: black slate. The with, the winze having been started west of the
reef continued under 18 in. in width up to the face lode and sunk vertically to meet the lode on its
at 638 feet south. westerly underlie.
Stopin.s: above this level was carried out to a The No. 1 north rise was started at 20 feet north
slide which showed in the south drive, and also in from the cross-cut in May, 1898. For 20 feet the
the main 1,100-ft. level (PI. ix.). This block of lode was 2 ft. 6 in. wide and payable, and from
irround was exhausted by 1902, and abandoned till 20 feet to 40 feet it averaged 3 h . 6 in. wide of
1909, when the lode was picked up above the .«lifl^^ stone of improved quality. At 55 feet the lode
and the main rise connected throiigh to the crosS' carried 8 in. of laminated quartz on the footwall,
cut at the 600-ft. level. accompanied by black slate and rubbly quartz for
J.OOO-ft. Level.—Prom the No. 1 rise above the a width of 3 ft. At 70 feet up it had increased to
1,100-ft. level a north drive was piat in, and at 1 ft. 6 in. of solid quartz. At 80 feet the lode
30 feet the lode was 4 ft. wide. At 70 feet the formation was 3 ft. wide of slate and quartz, and
lode had narrowed to 1 ft. 6 in., but it soon in- at 100 feet up it widened out and carried good
creased in width to 3 ft. of payable stone, nar- gold. At 134 feet the quartz was the full width
rowing again at 90 feet north to 1 ft. 8 in. wide. of the rise, and showed fair gold, the quartz pitch-
In the south drive, at this level. 1 ft. 8 in. of pay- ing north 5 feet in 20 feet. At 153 feet up the
able lode was driven pn at 30 feet from the rise, rise the quartz was 1 ft. 6 in. wide, decreasing to
and at 85 feet south it increased in size to 2 ft. 6 in. 1 ft. 3 in. at 160 feet up, but carried as much gold
wide, and was of splendid ouality. At 100 feet as when it was 4 ft. in width. From 160 feet to
the lode was 3 ft. 6 in. wide and payable. To 200 feet the rise carried 1 ft. 3 in. of payable
135 feet the lode averaged 3 ft., and at 160 feet it stone. A plat or recess was cut at 170 feet up
was 4 ft. wide, showing fair gold. Stoning above ('930-ft. level) for an intermediate level, and to
this level proved the lode to be of payable quality, facilitate further rising. From 200 feet upwards
and averaging 3 ft. wide. the lode increased slightly in width, being
1 ft. 8 in. -(.vide at 220 feet, and of medium quality.
1,100-ft. Level Sonfh.—The lode, when intor- This width was maintained to 250 feet, where it
pected at this level at 1,900 feet west of the shaft, started to decrease in size, but still maintained a
in May, 1898, proved to be 2 ft. wide, well lami- good quality. At 274 feet there was a very small
nated, and carrying payable gold. At 50 feet in lode, which continued to 300 feet, and 320 feet
 183
above tbe 1,100-ft. level it was only 8 in. wide and
of poor value. Picton's Shaft.
A prospecting shaft was sunk by the Star of the
1,500-ft. Level.—The western cross-cut inter- East Company on private property in 1901. The
sected the lode at 2,000 feet from the shaft in shaft was sunk through 40 feet of basalt. At 100
June, 1897. The lode was 3 ft. wide, and gave feet a plat was cut, and cross-cuts opened out east
fine gold in dish prospects. Driving north the and west. The east cross-cut reached 60 feet from
lode was broken and irregular, consisting of inter- the shaft, while the west cross-cut, at 150 feet,
mixed slate and quartz, and nothing definite was passed through 1 ft. of quartz, on which a winze
was sunk. A drive north was also put in, the lode
located in 600 ft. of driving.
being 1 ft. 3 in. wide, but nothing payable was
located.
In the south drive a lode, which attained a width
of 6 ft. at 50 feet f r o m the cross-cut, was followed,
Guiding Star Shaft (PI. Lx.).
and at 110 feet it had diminished to 2 ft. in
width. The drive carried a track consisting of Operations in the deeper levels at the JSTO. 2
slate and mineral veins with but little quartz up shaft not proving satisfactory, and the existence
to 300 feet, where a make of quartz came in, which of a block of mineral lode being known above the
increased to 1 ft. 8 in. wide at 400 feet, and con- workings from the No. 1 shaft on the Guiding
tinued to 550 feet, vfdth an average width of Star lode, the old shaft of the Guiding Star allu-
1 ft. 8 in. A little gold was seen at 580 feet vial claim was located after much searching. A
south, but the lode was small up to- the face at plant was erected, and the shaft was repaired.
625 feet. Between April, 1900, when work commenced, and
the end of August of the same year, the shaft was
Below the 1,500-ft. level a winze was sunk to repaired to a depth of 270 feet. It was found
the south of the cross-cut. A plat was opened out necessary to erect a larger plant, and this was
at 60 feet in depth, and the footwall of the lode completed by May, 1901. At 320 feet a flow of
was cut at 8 feet to the east of the winze. South 6,600 gallons of water per hour was met with. At
the lode averaged 4 ft. in width, being payable for 382 feet 6 inches the cap-piece of the old chamber
50 feet, then broken and irregular, but carrying was met with, the chamber being filled with débris
a little gold up to 80 feet. This block of stone and slum to within 3 in. of the back of the level.
was stoped out to the 1,500-ft. level, but no deeper The shaft was now cleaned out and deepened,
work was done on account of the water proving and an old drive, which was also filled up, was
too heavy. cleaned out. At 60 feet from the shaft a forma-
tion 4 ft. wide, composed of quartz rubble and
Above the 1,500-ft. level a rise was started which slate, was met with. At 225 feet from the shaft
eventually connected with the winze from the the mineral lode, 2 ft. wide, was discovered, and
1,100-ft. level, and by this means the block of the shaft was then sunk below the 390-ft. level.
ground was worked. All mullock and quartz hav- In sinking for a cistern a " Pencil Mark Indica-
ing to be thrown down, while the timber and tools tor " was met with in the north-east corner of the
were lowered f r o m the 1,100-ft. level, such a shaft associated with a small lode, and several
method was costly and inconvenient. At the dishes washed from this showed fine gold. The
1,400-ft. level the lode north averaged 4 ft. for •shaft was deepened, and a plat opened out at 490
170 feet, the stone being highly mineralized. T o feet by the end of March. 1902, and a west cross-
200 feet the reef averaged 2 ft. vtdde. At the cut was commenced in order to intersect the lode.
1,300-ft. level (200 feet up the rise), the lode was In September, 1903, sinking was resumed, and by
smaller, averaging in width 1 ft. 8 in., which con- November 194 feet was added to the depth of the
tinued to 350 feet above the 1,500-ft. level. shaft, and a plat was exit at 670 feet. Work at
various levels was proceeded with while shaft-
linking was in progress, and by the end of Decem-
In June, 1897, a drive north was commenced on
ber. 1904, the whole of the mineral lode above the
a lode which became more defined as it was driven
660-ft. level to the alluvial was worked out, and
on, although somewhat unsettled near the cross-
the rails removed to the surface. The lode worked
cut. At 130 feet the quartz was 2 ft. wide in the
varied in character, and showed brown oxidized
bottom of the drive, but it soon gave way to quartz
material in the upper levels, mineralized quartz at
veins and slate. This class of lode track con-
a depth, in places, or again quartz with scattered
tinued to 400 feet, where a make of quartz
sulphides. The quartz was at times up to 10 ft.
1 ft. 3 in. wide came in on the footwall, followed
in width, and the mineral, which was variable in
by a break, the lode continuing irregular.
value with no apparent cause, showed at times a
width of 2 ft. 6 in. The average value of the
Stoping on the Albion lode was limited, and entire tonnage from this shaft was 6.05 dwt.
OAving to the distance from the shaft, the cross-cuts per ton.
were few and separated by a distance of several
hundred feet, making the working of these very 278-fi. Level (274 ft. 2 in. lelow sill).—Th.h
costly until airways were put through. Owing level was opened out in Jnly, 1902, and the
to the frequent handlings, only high-grade stone mineral lode, which was oxidized and of a brown
was taken out, as, when the lode was small, it was colour, was cut at 180 feet from the shaft. Driv-
unpayable, and, further, although in a separate ing south on the lode was commenced, and at 150
lease to the K"o. 2 shaft, royalty had to be paid on feet quartz 4 ft. wide took the place of the mineral
all gold won in that part of the mine. When up to 240 feet, where driving ceased. Above this
operations ceased, it was due to the flooding of the level the quartz and mineral lode was stoped to the
mine by water coming in along the other lines of alluvial. The north drive was carried to a cross-
reef, this line being comparatively dry. As the course about 80 feet north of the cross-cut. A
cross-cuts were left open, the chance of re-opening drive was put in north at 40 feet west of the shaft
or working in the vicinity of the proved ground to cut the lode on the north side of the cjoss-
is now gone. course, the displacement being 130 feet. North
 184

of the cross-course the lode consisted of quartz, and came into the drive. In this level, which was car-
the mineral seam was not found ahore the 380-ft. ried to 488 feet north of the cross-cut, 1 ft. 6 in.
level north of the break. North of the cross- of mineral was located. A winze was sunk at 40
course the drive broke through to the old alluvial feet north of the cross-course, and at 30 feet down
workings (Green Hill gutter). the lode, with 1 ft. of mineral, Avas located. The
lode had an underlay to the west, and at times
" B l o c k i n g " for 20 feet on either side of the payable prospects were obtained, but it was small,
lode gave payable results for a length of over 100 and continued so to the 660-ft. level.
feet. At 435 feet north of the cross-course a
strong body of rubbly quartz, Avith layers of pipe- 600-ft. Level—At this leA'el a cross-cut Avas put
clay, was met with, and at 495 feet north a full in west 100 feet from the shaft, and from it a
face of quartz, but nothing payable was located north drive for 650 feet.
beyond 250 feet north of the cross-course, although The following is a record of the gold yields
driving was carried on to 610 feet north of the
from 1886-1910:—
shaft. The west cross-cut was extended to see if
any reef wash had been left by the early miners. Date. Tons Crushed. Y'ield.
A rise was put up at 300 feet west of the north
drive, and a cross-cut was opened ofF it at 42 feet
above the level. Wash was struck in this drive, oz. dwt. gr-
and, being of a hard, cementy character, it was
crushed in the battery, 60 tons yielding 6 oz. 188(5 . - 1,796 1,723 7 8
0
16 dwt., after which nothing further was done. A 1887 .. 6,972 7,978 8
1888 .. 4,217 4,235 0 8
cross-cut was put in easterly at this level. From 25,993 24,032 9 18
1880 ..
240 feet to 270 feet leader^ and bunches of quartz 1890 .. 32,328 22,920 8 6
were passed through, and at 285 feet the cross-cut 1891 .. 117,657 72,614 7 18
was stopped. 1892 .. 49,772 30,792 4 6
1893 .. 59,990 22,216 11 0
189i .. 48,732 16,248 4 0
390-/f. Level.—The cross-cut was cleaned out to 1895 .. 42,962 8,353 11 12
250 feet from the shaft, and a dam was built to 189G .. 15,810 ;i,228 19 6
prevent the ingress of water from the old alluvial 1897 .. 19,960 5,848 2 12
workings. A drive was put in north at 200 feet 1898 .. 15,966 5,087 •5 0
1899 .. 14,264 6,774 10 12
from the shaft, and at 45 feet the walls were 5 ft. 10,025 3,480 2 0
1900 ..
apart, all rhe material going to the battery. At 1901 .. 10,208 4,275 9 12
74 feet north mineral appeared on the hanging- 1903 .. 6,182 5,186 8 4
wall. At 130 feet north a cross-course was met 1904 .. 9,040 2,747 17 0
1905 .. 4,490 2,061 12 0
with, carrying 1 ft. of mineral on the south side.
1906 .. 7,966 2,223 8 0
The drive north on the quartz, cut at 60 feet from 1907 .. 4,074 2,187 0 0
the shaft, carried a formation for 100 feet, at 1908 .. 798 354 0 0
times the full width of the drive. The level was 1909 .. 2,962 1,410 10 0
extended, and, after passing through a cross- 1910 .. 265 1 159 11 0

course, the mineral lode was picked up, being at

30 feet from the cross-course 4 ft. 6 in. wide, The total quantity of quartz crashed was
which width it maintained for 100 feet before 508,539 tons, which yielded 256,758 oz. 17 dAvt. of
tapering off. At 453 feet north of the cross-cut gold. The total dividends paid amounted to
the mineralized stone pitched underfoot, leaving a £284,400.
track 4 in. wide. At 514 feet north the lode was
only 1 ft. wide, but it widened out to 2 ft. 6 in. at SOUTH STjIE company.
540 feet, and maintained this width up to 656 feet
(PI. X , xi.)
north, or within 50 feet of the boundary of the
adjoining mine (the Band and Loch). The lode The company was registered in August, 1886,
in the north face split up into two sections—1 ft. of and commenced to sink the shaft on the 29th Sep-
nicely laminated mineralized stone on the hang- tember of the same year. The shaft passed
ing-wall, and 2 ft. of quartz on the footwall, with through 60 feet of basalt, 5 feet of clay, 104 feet
a belt of country intervening. of basalt, and 24 feet of clay, bottoming at 194
feet in slate. At a depth of 238 feet a reef drive
of an abandoned alluvial mine was broken into
In the 390-ft. level south the walls of the lode
and the accumulated Avater from it rose 50 feet
were 4 ft. apart at 16 feet south of the cross-cut,
mineral being distributed throughout. At 70 feet in the shaft." Baling failed to reduce the water
the lode had widened out to 9 ft. of highly mineral- leA'el, so in May, 1887, another shaft was com-
ized stone of good appearance. At i02'feet stone menced. This new shaft passed through similar
3 ft. 6 in. wide, showing gold and associated with strata to the former shaft, and bottomed at 190
a mineral seam 1 ft. 6 m. wide, was being dri^'en feet, the shaft being quite dry, and the time occu-
on. At 140 feet an old reef drive was encoun- pied in sinking four months. Sinking in the bed-
tered. From 150 feet to the face at 230 feet the rock was rapidly accomplished, as by May, 1888,
seam was small, ranging from 6 in. to 1 ft. 6 in. or twelve months after beginning sinking, a plat
wide. was cut for the 720-ft. level, and the shaft sink-
ing continued till June, 1891, when a depth of
490-/i. Level—M 64 feet west of the shaft 2 ft. 1,709 feet had been attained, and a plat cut at
of quartz was met with corresponding to the for- that depth.
mation 60 feet west of the shaft at the 390-ft.
In February, 1893, shaft sinking was resumed,
level, and a drive was opened out north and car-
and the shaft was deepened to 1,996 feet (man-
ried through to the cross-course, where the di.s-
ager's depth 2,000 feet) by February, 1894, when a
placed portion of the mineral lode, a black track
plat was cut at that depth. In April, 1897, fur-
or leather-jacket, was located. At 270 feet from
ther sinking Avas commenced, and in Septem^ber,
the cross-cut the lode, being disturbed by a slide,
1S98, the 2,480-ft. (manager's depth 2,500 feet)
 185
level was readied. Sinking then ceased until fault intersects an easterly dipping one in the
September, 1905, when it was again resumed, and vicinity of the Guiding Star lode, and this ac-
carried on till December, 1907. B y 1907 a total counts for the broken state of the country there.
depth of 3,112 feet (manager's depth 3,170 feet) I n the stopes above the 720-ft. level the lode was
was reached, which at that time constituted the displaced 10 feet by an east-dipping fault. Fault-
deepest point by over 800 feet in Ballarat. In ing or slipping on the black slate beds is well
1902, when the main shaft had reached a depth developed, especially in the Consols lode work-
of 2,480 feet, an attempt was made to reopen the ings, where slickenslided faces were frequently
No. 1 shaft, which had been flooded since 1887. exposed.
B y pumping and baling the shaft was unwatered
and cleaned o u t ; the old drive was sunk through,
and a well of 30 feet made before cleaning it The Blade Slate Series and the Lodes.
out. A branch drive to the main shaft was made
to connect -w-ith the pumps for'unwatering. The The black slates, as exposed in this mine, occur
old drive was cleaned out for 90 feet, when an in- on either flank of the Consols syncline, and they
burst of water occurred from the alluvial, and, probably represent one continuous series around
despite pumping and baling,- the water-level could the fold. I n the eastern workings the uppermosi
not be reduced. A volume of water, estimated at bed of the series was driven on at the 1,690-fr.
sufficient to cover 1 square mile to a depth of level under the impression that it was the Consol''
12 feet, was removed without lowering the water lode. This black slate, which appears identica!
level an inch in the shaft. with the Christmas lode in the northern mines,
carried a small laminated lode, and was tested
down to the 2,235-ft. level. What appears to be
a favorable position occurs above the 2,235-ft. level
Structure. at 400 feet from the shaft, Avhere, by rising 50 feet
to 60 feet the trough of the synclinal fold should be
The prominent feature in the structure of this
met -with. At the lowest point reached by mining
mine is the large syncline in which the shaft is
in the Ballarat field, 3,112 feet below the sur-
located. This syncline (the Consols), which is
face, the Consols lode maintained its laminated
exposed 27 feet'west of the shaft at the 720-ft.
mineralized character, but still continued small.
level and only 28 feet east at the deepest level,
For the dimensions of the lode see details of work-
shows a uniform pitch of 26° to the south. This
ings at the various levels.
pitch coincides with that on the main anticline
(the Consols) 800 feet to the east, where worked
in the Gay's Band United above the 1,300-ft. On the western side of the syncline the black
level (see p. 134). On the anticline the upper- slate series occurs at 480 feet to 540 feet from
most bed in the black slate series will cap at about the shaft at the 1,400-ft. level. Here laminated
1,400 feet f r o m the surface east of the main shaft, quartz shows on the upper and lower members of
while in the syncline at the shaft the black slate the series. In the 720-ft. level the upper slate was
series will attain a depth of about 3,500 feet. A driven on at 680 feet from the shaft, the quartz
minor fold shows prominently in the 1,690-ft.j here being f r o m 6 in. to 8 in. in width; the lower
1,896-ft., and 2,235-ft. levels at f r o m 300 feet to slate beds, on account of folding, lie below th^
400 feet east of the shaft, but it dies out on the 720-ft. level up to a point 882 feet to the west of
Consols lode below the 2,358-ft. level, the strata the shaft. I n the synclinal fold, at 800 feet west,
in the 2,480-ft. level dipping regularly to the a small formation may occur at 50 feet above the
west. level on the upper slate beds. "West of the Guid-
ing Star anticline the lower slate beds, dipping to
the west, occur at 1,155 feet, the synclinal at
The position of the main anticline in the 1.193 feet, and the lower slates, with an east-
2,480-ft. level could not be fixed on account of the dipping lode 2 feet wide, at 1,241 feet. On the
cross-cut being closed beyond 740 feet from the eastern (or west-dipping) leg, the laminated quartz
shaft. Going west f r o m the main syncline at the was auriferous, and was stoped above the 720-ft.
.shaft a general easterly dip prevails up to a minor level south, the reef averaging up to 1 ft. 6 in.
fold, which occurs at f r o m 250 feet to 350 feet, in width. X o r t h of the cross-cut the lode con-
followed by another fold at f r o m 740 feet to 800 tinued under 1 foot in width. Below the 720-ft.
feet. A t 1,048 feet from the shaft in the 720-ft. level in the syncline, the legs united, and formed
level the Guiding Star anticline is exposed. This a true inverted saddle. A large fault associated
shows an easterly list down to the 1,390-ft. level, with spurry country continued for some distance.,
where it was found at 970 feet f r o m the shaft. On but the main mass of pavable quartz was found
the west side of the Guiding Star anticline a strong above the 970-ft. intermediate level.
fault dipping to the west occurred, and this dis-
placed the fold. (Src., f r o m 50' feet to 80 feet. At
1,192 feet the Guiding Star syncline appeared in
the 720-ft. level. This fold is also exposed in the Details of Worhings.
1,010-ft. level, at a point 50 feet to the west of
720-ft. Level—The plat was cut at this level in
the blind shaft, and f r o m 1,212 feet f r o m the main
jVfay, 1888, and cross-cutting west was star<^ed
shaft in the 1,400-ft. level. General east-dipping
while the shaft sinking was in progress. At 680 f^et
strata occur to the face of the 1,400-ft. level 400
f r o m the shaft a lode track, consisting of 6 in.
feet west of the svncline.
of quartz with pyrites and pug, was intersected,
and a drive of 103 feet north was put in along it,
without meeting with any improvement in size
Faults. or value. In IVIarch, 1890, this drive was stopped,
and work was concentrated in shaft-sinking. In
Small faults, with but little displacement, are February, 1891, work in the cross-cut was resumed,
common in this mine, and are of no importance. and good headway was then made in its exten-
In the Guiding Star syncline a strong west-dipping sion. I n July a west-dipping lode ' formation
 REFERENCE
Sandstone I • Slate ESa Quartz
Black Slate Laminated Quartz
v

SYNCLINE ANTICLINE BLACK SLATE BELT SYNCUNE ANTICLINE

720 FT LEVEL 720 F' LEVEL 720 FT LEVEL 720 F' LEVEL
1193 f. W«sl of Sh.ri. «347 r W.u 0/ Shofl SI7 Fl W«9i of StioTt 3)4 Ft Weak W

^ moK/iro« scos —.

SYNCLINE ANTICLINE FOLDS IN BEDS BLACK SLATE BELT

1400 fT LEVEL 1400 FT LEVEL 1400 FT LEVEL 1400 FT LEVEL
IÎ30 ft Wesl of Sli«f«. 9as Fl Wost of Sll4fl. 705 fl W..> »f Shift. 520 Fl WBil Bf 5nvi

rm
FOLD IN BEDS SIATE SQUEEZED ANTICLINE FOLD IN BEOS
1400 F' LEVEL 1700 FT LEVEL 1700 FT LEVEL 1700 FT LEVEL
1555 Fl Wejl of 453 FiEisiofShuft 3J0 n [»t oF Sh«fl. M5 f> E».t of Sh.fl.

SYNCLINE FOLD IN BEOS MONOCLINE SYNCLINE SYNCLINE

1900 FT LEVEL ISOO F' LEVEL 1900 FT LEVEL 2000 FT LEVEL 2375 FT LEVEL
• 0 Ft Eoat of Shaft. 400 FI East of Shaft 540 F' Elit of Shaft. JO F> East of Shift. J5 r» Call i>< JUa/V.

I'lo. 31. Sections, South Star Mine, Sebastopol, (The levels shown are the manager's figures.) Scale: 4 0 feet to 1 inch.
 187
2 ft. 6 in. wide, witH f r o m 3 in. to 6 in. of quartz,
level supplied a large quantity of crushing material
was met with at 1,155 feet, and at 1,241 feet a f r o m 1896 to 1898.
lode 4 ft. wide, with 2 ft. of solid quartz dipping
to the east, was struck and driven on north for
_ 1,010-ft. Level.—M the 1,010-ft. level (290 feet
225 feet. Nothing of value being met with, a drive
in the blind shaft), no lode was met with in the
was started on the west-dipping lode 90 feet
cross-cut from the foot of the bHnd shaft to the
nearer the shaft. I n the north drive a small lode
top of a rise which had been put up from the 1,400-
with black slate, pug, and mineral veins was fol-
ft. level, at 1,400 feet west of the main shaft,
lowed f o r several hundred feet, but the accom- to cut the downward extension of the Guiding
panying quartz, which carried a true wall of Star b d e . Owing to the nature of the reef, a
black slate, was only f r o m 6 in. to 8 in. in width. trough reef associated with the syncline, operations
In April, 1902, the north drive was repaired f o r below the trough at 970 feet proved futile. At
640> feet, and a rise was put up to test the lode, 40 feet Avest of the foot of the blind shaft drives
but nothing payable was located. were opened out north and south, and extended to
either boundary of the lease under the large for-
Stoping above the 720-ft. level carried a small
mations which were proved in the intermediate
formation f r o m a few inches to 1 ft. 6 in. wide
level (970-ft.). I n the 1,010-ft. level in the north
in the largest part over a length of 1,000 feet by drive the quartz was broken with well mineralized
an_ average height of 100 ft. I n the south verticals. A t 500 feet north, 12 in. of stone
drive the stone widened out, and at 200 feet was carrying gold was intersected. Stoping and wing-
1 ft. 6 in. wide, continuing so to 250 feet, and ing off the quartz veins parallel to the main lode
showing gold. I n June, 1894, a winze or blind were carried on over a width of 100 feet at this
shaft was sunk at 1,206 feet west of the main level, the results generally being unsatisfactory.
shaft, midway betrveen the eastern and western A parallel drive north and south was started at
dipping lodes; 45 feet down the western track, 140 feet from the blind shaft, and was carried
6 in. of mineralized quartz was struck. " A t in south f o r 400 feet and north for 350 feet on
100 feet below the 720-ft. level a plat was cut flat quartz leaders, which were associated with a
on the east side of the blind shaft. A t 7 feet large slide.
east a big make of stone was cut, which consisted
of 10 feet of poor stone overlying 3 feet of mine-
1,100-ft. Level.—Al the 1,100-ft. level, 300 feet
ralized stone, on which drives north and south
up the balance shaft or rise from the 1,400-ft.
were put in on full faces of quartz. Crushing was
level, a drive north was put in on the slide from
now started on this formation, which proved pay-
the Central Plateau mine, but, although gold was
able.
seen at times, the stone was not payable.

Blind Shaft WorMngs.

Main Shaft WorMngs.
820-ft. Level.—A full face of quartz was proved
at this level f o r 300 feet north, followed'by a con- 1,390-ft. Level.—M the 1,390-ft. (manager's
traction of the lode. At 400 feet the lode was depth 1,400-ft.) level, a cross-cut west was com-
18 in. wide, and pavable. At 700 feet it had nar- menced in May, 1890, and by December, 1891, it
rowed to 10 in. The south drive on the footwall had reached a point 1,559 feet f r o m the shaft.
of the lode carried a large formation up to the A north drive was put in at 1,438 feet on a large
big crosscourse at 360 feet south of the blind shaft. spurry formation f o r a total distance of 820 feet,
Rising and stoping above the level connected to without meeting anything payable, although at
the 720-ft. level, and the whole of the footwall times galena and black-jack were visible in the
stone f o r a length of 550 feet was taken out. stone. A t 650 feet north of the main cross-cut,
other cross-cuts east and west were started, and,
870-ft. Level.—was at 150 feet in the blind although nothing of importance was discovered in
<ihaft, where drives north and south were opened the east cross-cut, the western one at 40 feet from
out in May, 1895, the cross-cut having struck the the north drive cut quartz veins in the country
lode at 25 feet west f r o m the shaft. A t this point passed through in 1893. I n 1901 drives were
the reef was 4 ft. 6 in. wide, and showed gold. A opened out on these quartz veins, and a trial
full face of stone, showing gold, continued f o r crushing of 25 tons yielded 15 oz. 14 dvrt. of gold.
400 feet north and south to the crosscourse, veins Cross-cuts f o r these veins were then started at 200
and spurs on the western wall making a total feet and 400 feet south, but, although gold was
width of from 20 feet to 30 feet of crushing reported in the veins cut, nothing of value was
found except in the most northerly cross-cut work-
material.
ings (the first driven), where a large vein was
worked f o r 16 ft. wide for a total length of 100
910-ft. Level.—In August, 1895, the 910-ft. feet before it was worked out, a stope over the
level (190 feet in the blind shaft) was opened out, back having exhausted the formation. A t 1,400
and a large formation was met with. Payable feet west of the main shaft a rise was put up to
stone was followed f o r 850 feet north, the drive test the supposed downward continuation of the
carrying a full face of stone for the full distance. Guiding Star lode, which was then being deve-
Near the northern boundary of the lease, the lode loped in the blind shaft below the 720-ft. level.
contracted to 1 ft. in width.' South, at the 910-ft. This rise was carried up a total height of 390 feet
level, the reef contracted to 3 ft. in width at 70 and passed through an occasional flat quartz vein,
feet, the stone being highly mineralized; a full but nothing of value was met with. At 390 feet
face of stone was soon after met with, and was up the rise an east cross-cut was started to inter-
followed to the crosscourse at 400 feet, the stone sect the cross-cut being driven west f r o m the blind
being of payable quality. South of the crosscourse shaft below the 720-ft. level. So exact were the
the lode was found to be displaced 112 feet at this surveys of the manager, Mr. George Pitches, tha'-
level, but the lode, which was proved to be f r o m the two cross-cuts met with practically no error.
8 ft. to 10 ft. wide at the break, was only 3 ft. in Such a feat in surveying, considering the changes
width on the south side. Stopes above the 910-ft,
 188

of the dip, in the rise, (fee., has seldom been ex- winze, at a depth of 150 feet, Avas holed through
celled. Subsequent to connecting through, some to the rise f r o m the 2,250-ft. level in 1901.
other short cross-cuts were opened out f r o m the
rise, and in 1907 an air -\vinch was erected at the 3,2S5-ft. Level —The 2,235-ft (manager's
1.100-ft. level, and the rise was converted into a depth 2,250-ft.) leA'el Avas opened out in Decem-
balance shaft while prospecting operations were ber, 1897, and Avhat Avas taken to be the Consols
being conducted at and above tlie 1,100-ft. level. lode A\'as met with at 310 feet f r o m the shaft, and
here a drive was put in northerly. "Well mine-
ralized q u a r t z Avas driven o n f o r a distance o f 350
1,690-ft. Level.—Cross-cutting east f o r the Con-
feet. The lode was small, and seldom up to 9 in.
sols lode was not begun until a depth of 1,690 feet
in width, but at 120 feet it was reported as gold-
(manager's depth 1,700 feet) had been attained
bearing o n e a c h Avall. A n o r t h - e a s t e r l y drive Avas
in Jime, 1891, as the upper portions of the reef
started from the north face on the lode in Janu-
occurred in an adjacent lease, and on its western
ary. 1889, and at 200 feet a mineralized lode track
dip it was assumed to reach this company's area
ill black slate Avas passed t h r o u g h . T h e angle
at about this depth. At 790 feet f r o m the shaft
drive was continued to 300 feet, and then turned
a mundic vein was met, and a drive was opened northerly for 180 feet. An adjoining company
south on a laminated quartz lode from 6 in. to (Gay's Star) obtained permission to extend a cross-
5 in. wide. At 90 feet south a crosscourse war, cut into their ground from this level, but stopped
met with, and a drive was put in south-westerly work after 130 feet of cross-cutting had been done.
along it. After driving 50 feet on the cross- In June, 1900, driving north Avas begun on the
course, which consisted in nart of solid pyrites lode track cut at 200 feet f r o m the north drive.
and black slates, what was assumed to be the This lode track, at 14 feet north, was 6 ft. wide,
displaced lode was cut and followed. This proved with 1 ft. of laminated stone, which gaA-e fair
to be a very tortuous vein, occurring in much prospects of gold. A t 130 feet the formation was
broken country, and along it nothing defined was 7 ft. Avide, and consisted of quartz leaders and
met with in 420 feet of driving south of the cross- laminated quartz, the latter being 1 ft. 6 in.
course. North of the cross-cut the drive was put Avide. A t 200 feet north the formation had
in 50 feet on a lode 4 in. wide, with highly mine- AAadened out to 10 ft., and gold could be seen in
ralized black slate walls. In the main cross-cut, the solid quartz. At 250 feet the lode Avas 12 ft.
at 920 feet f r o m the shaft, a crosscourse Avas met wide, and a trial crushing from the lode up to
with. this point gave 27 oz. f r o m 53 tons. The lode
then tapered off, and continued f r o m 2 ft. to 3 ft.
J.896-it. Lrrcl.—Jn September, 1893, cros"- Avide to the north face, the quartz being of poor
cutting east at the l,S96-ft. imanager's depth quality. At a point 300 feet along this north drive
1,900-ft.) level was commenced, and the line of a rise Avas started to connect with the winze f r o m
lode was cut at 540 feet f r o m the shaft in April the 2,000-feet north drive. F o r 80 feet a full
of the following year. The lode track, where cut width of stone Avas risen through, but this tapered
in the cross-cut, carried 6 in. of well mineralized off before' holing through. A t 70 feet up this
nuartz, Avhich occurred in black slate countrv. rise, an intermediate level north and south was
Driving north, the lode at 130 feot bulged to 1 ft. opened out. A large body of stone was driven on
6 in., but it soon pinched, although two good walls to the north for 50 feet, f r o m which fair pros-
3 ft. apart with 1 ft. of laminated quartz con- pects of gold were obtained, and to the south the
tinued up to 200 feet. The lode then became very drive carried 7 ft. of poor stone f o r 25 feet.
small, and up to the north face at 673 feet only
3 in. to 4 in. of quartz was met with.
2,358-ft. Level.—At the 2,358-ft. (manager's
7.990-ft. Level.—Cross-cutting east at the 1,996- depth 2,375 f t . ) W e i the lode was cut at 410 feet
ft. (manager's depth 2,000-ft.) level was com- east of the shaft in June, 1900, the formation
menced in March, 1894. I n August, the footwall being 3 ft. wide, Avith 8 in. of laminated quartz
of the Guiding Star lode Avas cut at 486 feet from on the footwall. Driving north, the walls sepa-
the shaft, and n north drive was started. A rated, and at 100 feet they Avere 12 ft. apart Avith
small lode Avas driA-en on for 150 feet. At 400 3 ft. of well mineralized stone on the footwall.
feet broken ooimtry Avas met with, and the drive This stone continued to 400 feet. At 600 feet a
was turned easterly, a course apparently off the new shoot of quartz 4 ft. Avide, carrying a little
lino of the lode. A t 750 feet north, an angle cross- gold, was met with, the tAvo formations now being
cut was put in north-casterlv, meeting with a bro- over 7 ft. Avide; this formation increased in size
ken lode 2 ft. Avide at 870 feet f r o m the cross- until it reached f r o m wall to wall, being 8 ft.
cut. This lode was followed northerly, and nt wide in the north face at 750 feet, but it was
1,050 feet it carried 1 ft. of well mineralized not payable.
quartz. I n the north face, at 1,140 feet, the stone
was 1 ft. 6 in. wide. This formation was proved '2,Ji80-ft. Level—The east cross-cut at the 2,480-
by survcvs to be identical with the Consols lode, ft. (manager's depth 2,500 f t . ) level started in
as worked in the Star of the East Company's mine September, 1898, was the deepest then in Ballarat.
to the north, rnd up to this date it was the only At 190 feet a lode formation, believed to be the
work that had bpon done on the true lodo. the Christmas lode, was intersected. At 350 feet a
1,690-ft, and l.S90-ft. leA'els havin^^ bopn drn'on formation—the Consols lode—consisting of 3 ft.
on the Christma-î or western naralVl lode. Work of laminated quartz and black mineralized slate,
at the 1.996-ft. IPA'PI ceased f r o m February, 1896. Avas passed through. At 883 feet the cross-cut met
till November, 1900, Avhen the north drive was rc- Avith a new track, Avhich had not hitherto been
naired, and the winze sunk at 900 feet north on noticed in the Ballarat West mines. A drive norlli
the Consols lode, near to the point of intersection on the formation cut at 350 feet f r o m the shaft
bv the a n d e cross-cut. A lode formation the Aill proved the lode Avails to be 2 ft. apart, with only
width of the winze was sunk on f o r 90 feet._ then a little quartz. This track continued small, but
1 foot of quartz came in, and continued until the Avell defined, for 300 feet, when an improvement
 189
occurred, well mineralized stone making on the
wall. At 430 feet the footwall stone was 2 ft. 60,911 oz. 15 dwt., from which dividends amount-
6 in. wide, and well mineralized and laminated] ing to £26,400 were paid. The total gold yield,
but no payable stone was met with in the level up so far as recorded, was 64,444 oz. 7 dwt.
to the face within 200 feet of the northern boun-
dary.
CENTSAL PLATEAU C0JIPANY.
Four rises were put up above this level, one
(the JSTO. 1) connecting with the winze from the (PI. xii, xiii.)
2,358-ft. level, without meeting anything payable,
although a well denned lode track was conspicuous 11 istorical.
throughout. A t 350 feet in the north drive, a
cross-cut was put out westerly for 50 feet, cutting The Central Plateau Company was formed in
the western track, which was here 8 in. wide and 1886, and a start was made to sink the shaft early
well mineralized. A south drive opposite to the in 1887. The strata passed through were:—
north drive was started in 1900, and this carried
a shoot of gold-bearing stone 2 ft. wide for a
length of 40 feet, but a rise put up above the Formation. Thickness.
back proved that the formation did not extend in
that direction. feet.
First rock (basalt) 82
Clay 11
2,718-ft. Level.—The north drive on the track Second rock (basalt) 94
of the lode at the 2,718-ft. (manager's depth C;lay 11
Third R o c k (basalt) 40
2,750 f t . ) level was commenced in June, 1908, Reef wash .. 3 (fair prospect of gold)
at 75 feet east of the shaft. Here the formation
varied from 3 ft. when first cut to 2 ft. at 200 feet,
w h e p it carried fair gold. A t 400 feet the for-
mation was small. Considerable trouble was experiencd in ths
shaft-sinking at the base of the second rock. The
S,052-ft. Level.—ÁX the 3,052-ft. (manager's shaft bottomed at 241 feet.
depth 3,100 f t . ) level in 1907-1908, a lode forma-
tion with f r o m 1 ft. to 1 ft. 6 in. of laminated B y November, 1889, cross-cutting at the 594-ft.
quartz on the footwall and quartz veins across level was commenced, and shaft-sinking was con-
to the hanging wall was driven on f o r a length tinued until early in 1892, when a depth of 1,000
of 350 feet. At 300 feet north a little gold was feet was reached. At 751 feet, 849 feet, and 900
seen in the stone of this formation, which was feet in the shaft levels were opened out to the west.
up to 20 ft. in width. During 1892, owing to a general depression in the
mining and financial markets, operations were
suspended, and were not resumed until September,
S,112-ft. Level—Ai the 3,112-ft. (manager's
1893, when the water was baled out and a start
depth 3,170 f t . ) level the lode was cut at 70 feet
was made to drive north on a formation which
east of the shaft early in 1908, and a connexion
was thought to be identical with that then being
was made f r o m the north drive to the winze f r o m
worked in the South Star mine adjoining. In
the 3,052-ft. level. Owing to excessive heat and
heavy cost of working, the north drive was dis- November, 1893, operations were again suspended,
continued at 90 feet. Soon afterwards the com- but in January, 1895, work was resumed owing
pany ceased operations, and the plant was sold to the prospects in the South Star mine having
and removed. Thus the deepest mining at Sebas- improved. The mine was unwatered to the bot-
topol was suspended. tom level, and the extension westerly of the 968-ft.
level cross-cut was commenced early in February
of that year.
GOLD YIELDS.

I n 1896 the South Star mine, having opened up

large bodies of payable ore extending towards the
Date. Ore Cruslied. Yield.
Central Plateau Company's boundary, operations
i 1 in the direction of this belt of country were vigor-
1

!
ously pushed on with at the 968-ft. and 849-ft.
1 levels, with the result that by September, 1896,
1 tons. oz. dwt. wr.
1 8 9 3 . . 1 , 0 8 2 4 7 9 1 3 2 payable ore had been located. Crashing was now
1 8 9 4 • . . 8 8 8 3 6 7 7 2 commenced, and for the half-year ending April,
\mr, ..
1 8 9 0 . .
1 2 , 3 6 7 6 , 2 0 9 1 1 1 2
1897, 11,880 tons had been treated for a yield of
2 6 , 2 4 4 1 4 , 1 6 9 1 3 1 8
1 8 9 7 . . 3 0 , 2 4 3 1 4 , 0 7 3 2 1 9
7,22-9 oz. 6 dwt. 12 gr. of gold, valued at £30,002
1 8 9 8 . . . . ¡ 3 0 , 0 8 5 9 , 6 1 2 1 5 1 0 14s. 4d., and out of which five dividends, amount-
1 IS
ing to £8,750, were paid, as well as £750 prospect-
1 8 9 9 . . . . 2 2 , 1 9 4 8 , 8 9 5 1 7

1 9 0 0 . . . . j 6 , 2 7 6 1 7 0

1 9 0 1 . . . . i 1 , 5 8 2 1 0 0
ing loan returned to the Government.
1902 (2 4uarter.s) ' 4 9 9 1 7 0

1 9 0 6 . . . . 1
During 1897, the shaft was sunk to a total
2 , 0 6 5 8 5 3 0 0

1 9 0 7 . . . . 1 6 , 6 5 0 1 , 9 8 9 0 0

1 9 0 8 . . 7 1 0 I 1 9 0 1 5 0 depth of 1,108 feet, and a plat was cut at 1,087

feet from the surface. I n 1898 four dividends of
Is. each per share, amounting to £5,000, were paid,
Up to the end of December, 1901, when regular besides £600 of the prospecting loan returned to
crushing ceased, the total gold yield amounted to the Government. Notwithstanding a good aver-
 190

age value of tlie ore crushed, recourse to calls had and a rise was subsequently put up above the
to be made during the middle of the same year. main cross-cut at 600 feet from the shaft, meeting
Prospecting operations were continued, but failed with a laminated trough reef at 36 feet above the
to locate new ore bodies, and early in 1899 the level. This portion of the reef was small and not
large formations were exhausted, causing the gold payable. At the 1,087-ft. level the black slates,
return to fall to under 80 oz. for the half-year iiere dipping east, are only exposed at 45 feet to
ending October, 1899. Spurs to the west of the 125 feet from the shaft.
main lode yielded crushing material during 1900.
The cost of carting and crushing at neighbouring
batteries then being considerable, a 20-head iron- The faults in this mine may be divided into slide
framed battery was erected near to the shaft, faults and cross-courses. The slides are repre-
where crushing commenced in April, 1901. Re- sented by pug-seams occurring along the bedding
turns from the new battery were not as satisfac- planes at numerous places. Faults intersecting
tory as expected, as the value of the stone left in the strata at all angles are also frequent, the
the earlier stopes was of low-grade, but crushing amount of displacement being small. These faults
continued with interruptions until the suspension dip to Ihe east and west, and appear to be directly
of tlie work at the JMo. 1 shaft in 1909. Shortly associated with the folds, as it is noticeable that
afterwards a start was made to sink a new shaft in cast-dipping beds the faults dip westerly, while
(No. 2 ) some distance to the west to prospect the
in west-dipping beds they dip to the east. No
Albion line of lode, but without success.
continuous faults of the leather-jacket type were
visible. Of the cross-course series, the most pro-
minent is one along which the 849-ft. and 96y-t't.
Structure. level north drives were put in.

The geological structure in this mine is more

complicated than that in any of the other mines The quartz formations, as worked, were con-
of the Sebastopol Plateau. The strata are fined to the Guiding Star line of lode. Cross-
crumpled into nxmaerous and acute folds which cutting from the shaft at the 849-ft. and 968-ft.
levels, failed to intersect the lode. Drives were
usually pitch at high angles, and the beds are
put in northerly along a cross-course or break
often divergent in strike; moreover the strata are
striking north-easterly, and at 320 feet from
broken, disturbed and crushed by numerous faults. the cross-cut a lode 10 ft. to 12 ft. wide was met
T o add to the difficulties of interpretation, the with at the 849-ft. level. Rises above this level
direction of the crosscuts is not at right angles to pioved the structure of the reef to be similar to
the axes of the folds, but in various other direc- that in the adjacent mine, the South Star, as at
tions which have been necessitated during mining 100 feet above the 849-ft. level the lode was lamin-
operations by the broken nature of the country. ated and under 1 ft. wide, coinciding in strike and
dip with the strata.

Correlating the features with the mines situated

to the north, the Consols syncline is located at 500 Under the 849-ft. level a large flat slide (of the
feet to 600 feet to the east of the shaft, while the leather-jacket type) was met with, below which
.i\Jbion anticline, the main anticline of this por- the auriferous stone was irregular, only quartz
tion of the field, lies to the west of the present spurs being located. The time nature of the auri-
cross-cuts, but was probably intersected in the ferous lode was an inverted saddle or trough for-
cross-cut off the south drive, which, owing to ac- mation, which character was apparent through-
cumulated gas, was never available for survey. out. Following southerly from the large forma-
The various cross-cuts show the structure between tion, the trough of the syncline was met with
the Albion anticline and the Consols syncline to pitching to the north, and subsequent workings
consist of a highly corrugated series of beds, with proved that the main cross-cut had passed below
the Guiding Star syncline represented by a minor the lode, which, in this direction, was small, so
little prospecting was carried out.
fold in the general east-dipping beds, while larger
synclines have developed further to the west. A
decided easterly list of the axis of the folds is In the south drive, at the 849-ft. level, a flat
noticeable throughout. With the exception of the quartz spur yielded numerous well-shaped gold
Guiding Star syncline, which pitches to the north, crystals, but the stone was unprofitable. The ex-
the pitch of the folds is to the south at angles up tension of this south drive, which was not open for
to 24°. The black slate series, much faulted by survey, appears to have been too deep for the
slides, &c., is met with at from 120 feet to 190 feet Guiding Star formation, and also not far enougn
from the shaft, at the 968-ft. level. A trace "of east to locate anything on the Phoenix syncline,
the higher beds in the series was noticed on the which carried an auriferous formation at 450 feet
anticline at 75 feet, but the country is there much east of the shaft in the Sebastopol Plateau No. 1
disturbed. At the 849-ft. level the black slates mine.
occur on either side of a fold at 270 feet from the
shaft. This fold repeats the beds, but is not suffi-
cient to show the same at the lower level. In a
Plans and Sections.
syncline at 435 feet from the shaft the black
slates, after rising over the anticline at 370 feet Transverse Section.—Owing to the cross-cutfc
from the shaft, again occur at the 849-ft. level, not being at right angles to the general strike of
and also show at the 968-ft. level, on either side of the strata, and also not maintaining a general
the syncline. On rising over the next anticline to course, the section as shown is a projection on a
the west (the Guiding Star anticline), the black mean average east and west line. The section
slates, here carrying a laminated lode, were met shows all the workings available for survey at that
with in the workings above the 849-ft. level north, time (PI. xii.).
 191
Plan—Detail Plan of Worhings.—Owing to the fell away, and during the succeeding half-year the
inaccessibility of many of the drives, this plan is gold return fell from 3,346 oz. 8 dwt. 14 gr. to
mainly a copy of the mine manager's work 66 oz. 11 dwt. 5 gr.
(PI. xiii.).

The company had prior to this crushed at the

Star of the East battery, but, as it was supposed
Details of Workings. that much low-grade stone was still left, a con-
tract was let in 1900 to erect a battery of their
The cross-cut east at the 594-ft. level was opened own, which was completed during March, 1901.
out in November, 1889. A t 278 feet from the Ore of fair value, though of limited extent, was
shaft a cross-course was met with, on which, at operated on f o r over twelve months, and calls were
30 feet f r o m the point of intersection, two slides necessary to carry on the prospecting work, which,
feet apart, with a little quartz in each, were during 1902, was confined to the 968-ft., 849-ft.,
driven on f o r 26 feet. A t first this was supposed 594-ft., and 377-ft. levels. N o work had been car-
to be the Guiding Star line of lode. ried out at the 1,087-ft. level since April, 1901, and
all material from the 968-ft. and 849-ft. levels was
withdrawn during 1903 as a consequence of the
West f r o m the shaft the cross-cut, at the 751-ft. flooding of the South Star workings owing to the
level, was commenced in March, 1890, and in cessation of pumping in that rnine. '
October of that year a formation of quartz and
slate, containing a good deal of mineral, was cut
at 250 feet f r o m the shaft. Driving north and Operations were now directed to the 594-ft.
south was started, the north drive f o r 90 feet level, where, during the latter part of 1903, cross-
carrying a body of stone f r o m 2 ft. to 4 ft. wide. cutting, both to the east and west, was undertaken.
A t a point 70 feet north of the cross-cut a rise was A start was also made at this time to re-open an
put u p 22 feet on the lode, which was 3 ft. wide. old alluvial shaft known as the Eed Jacket, within
Southwards a drive of 156 feet proved that the the company's lease, with the object of prospect-
lode was mineralized, and f r o m 2 ft. to 5 ft. wide, ing the lines of reef which had been met with while
but of no value.
working the alluvial in the sixties, one to the east
and the other to the west of the shaft. After some
The 849-ft. level Vest cross-cut commenced trouble the site of the old shaft was located and
early in 1891, met with a large slide at 350 feet cut down. A t 241 feet water level was struck, and
f r o m the shaft, and was conf.inued to 529 feet. a level was opened out to the east at 208 feet, and
Driving north and south was started on a track at another to the west at 241 feet from the surface.
265 feet f r o m the shaft. This track widened out Owing to the prospecting works not meeting with
as driven on to the north, and at a distance of success, and to litigation with the adjacent mines
12'6 feet f r o m the cross-cut it was 3 ft. 6 in. wide. over pumping, all work at this shaft and the main
South at 32 feet quartz 9 in. wide occurred in the shaft was suspended early in 1904. Subsequently,
lode track. W o r k ceased at this point owing to in 1905, work was only resumed at the main shaft,
the closing down of the mine early in 1892, and the supposed lines of reef in the Red Jacket not
f o r several years little work was carried on. having been reached.

Driving on the lode at the 751-ft. level was I n the main shaft, after the water difficulty had
commenced, but after 30 feet of driving on well- been adjusted and the mine drained, the carbonic
mineralized stone 1 ft. wide, and rising up 55 feet acid gas in the workings prevented for some
without obtaining payable results, this level was time any work at the lower or 1,087-ft.
abandoned. I n June, 1895, the cross-cut at the level, but after overcoming this difficulty
849-ft. level was re-started, as the surveys of the the north drive was extended towards the
adjacent mine (the South Star) showed that their South Star ground. W o r k at the 968-ft. level
lode lay further to the west. W i t h the extension was confined to sinking a winze in order
of this cross-cut the water increased to 5,460 gal- to connect with the 1,087-ft. level and to test a
lons per hour. Early in 1896 a cross-course was block of quartz going underfoot in the upper level.
met with in the 848-ft. level, and a drive turned During 1906 several rises were put up, and an
north-easterly along its course towards the South intermediate level was opened above the 1,087-ft.
Star Company's mine. On the cross-course level, f r o m which quartz of fair value was obtained.
several quartz leaders, carrying gold, were passed Under agreement between the companies the South
through, the lode formation being over 30 ft. in Star Company extended the 1,087-ft. level into
width. I n September, 1896, driving north along their ground in 1906. I n the stopes above the
the line intersected a payable shoot, the lode here 1,087-ft. level quartz spurs and veins Avere mined
varying f r o m 8 ft. to 30 ft. wide. Good crushings, and crushed, but the returns failed to pay the
f r o m Avhich dividends were paid early in 1897, working expenses of the mine. Prospecting at
were obtained f r o m the 849-ft. level north drive the 968-ft. level was also carried on till March,
and its stopes. The north drive, at the 908-ft. 1909, when all material Avas removed f r o m the
level, had meanAvhile been extended to beneath levels and work at the main shaft ceased.
this payable stone, and rises were put through
and some intermediate levels opened up. During
1897 the shaft was deepened, and a west cross-cut A Government grant having been obtained by
was started at the 1,087-ft. level. Prospecting the company to assist in deA'elooing the western
works were also taken in hand at the 751-ft. level portion of the claim, boring was commenced in
f r o m a rise above the 849-ft. level. During Octo- 1909 with a view to selecting a site f o r a neAv
ber, 1898, the value of the quartz in the stopes shaft. After two bores Avere unsuccessful a third
 192

one located shallow ground, on which the No. 2 to the north-east. At 530 feet the large cross-
shaft was commenced in September, 1909. A course was met, and the drive turned easterly, in-
complete winding plant was erected, but owing to tersecting on the south side of the cross-course the
a general depression in mining at Sebastopol, footwall slates, on which the quartz was small and
work was suspended until February, 1911, at of no value. The drive was tiien turned north
which date the shaft was 98 feet deep. Shaft- irom the footwall slates, and the hanging-wall
sinking was resumed, and a depth of 594 feet was slates were located to the north of the cross-course.
reached in October, 1911, and in February, 1912, At 135 feet from where located, the lode increased
an eastern cross-cut Avas then put out cutting the to 2 ft. wide of laminated quartz, carrying pay-
Albion lode belt of countiy at 280 feet, with the able gold tor a lengtJi of l o ieet, aiter wiucn. it
footwall at 3b0 feet, where a lode track, much dis- tapered ott to a tracii. At 2'UU it. nortli a cross-
turbed by a slide, was followed north. At 124 leut cut east was put in across the black slate belt, but
north the lode became solid, and carried a few tlie tracks were small and valueless, and so work
colours of gold. At 300 feet the lode had in- was concentrated on tlie nortn arive, wnicn was
creased to over 15 ft. in width, and consisted of a extended to l,i!U0 ieet.
stocKwerke of quartz veins in cnisJied slate, rest-
ing on a laminated lode from 6 in. to 2 ft. wide,
North of the make of quartz in the north drive
luter-laminated with black slate. Taking the
u. rise was put up to a heigut oi 5U ieet, passing
stone ior an average width of It) it. from a leugtli
tiirough tlie siioot oi quartz, which was again mec
of 300 leet and an average height oi 15 leei, IL
with in a drive nortii at tiie top of the rise, liie
produced a gold yield of nearly ^ oz. to the ton.
snoot oi quartz in tiiis level was about 5 it. wide
At 5U feet above the drive tiie bulk of the quartz
m tiie bacis oi tiie drive, and it tapered to 4 ft.
cut out. Urives were put in south »5 feet and
wide m tiie iioor oi tHe level. I t consisted oi two
156 ieet on the footwall tracks, but nothing of
vviiite bodies of quartz witn lammated quartz on
value was met with. tiie iootwali carrying gold values.

The shaft having been sunk, a cross-cut east South from the main cross-cut the No. 2 track
was opened out at a depth of 751 ieet. The was ioiiowed ior i!UO ieet, tiie wall being continu-
western edge of the black slate zone was met with ous to a cross-course at tliat distance, boutii of
at ieet irom the shaft, and the eastern edge the cross-course the drive was turned soutii
at 340 ieet, on both of which tiie lode tracks were easterly, but nothing of value was located, nor was
small. On tiie eastern track a drive was j^ut in the amount oi displacement ol the iauit estab-
to a cross-course at obO feet north without locating lished.
quartz of any size or value. A rise over the level
connected with the formation worked at the o94-it.
level, wiiich was proved to continue without profit-
able values to within 30 feet of the 751-ft. level. Structure of No. 2 Shaft (PI. xiii.).
iN orth oi the cross-course the black slate zone was A n examination of the workings of this shaft
passed through by a diagonal cross-cut; the reveals the fact that the shaft is located on the
western and middle tracks were small, ranging western edge oi a synclinal fold, which shows in
irom 1 inch up to 6 inches of crushed slate and the plats on the east side of the shaft. Through-
quartz; the footwall track consisted of 1 foot of out the cross-cuts only west-dipping strata are ex-
pug with some small quartz, along which the drive posed. The black slate zone, in wnich tne Albion
was put in north for a distance of 100 feet with- or JTrince oi Wales lode occurs, shows in the three
out ciiange. A drive was put in south from the cross-cuts with a general westerly dip oi 30 ieet
main cross-cut along the main track, as driven on in 100 ieet, which will allow the hanging-wall or
north, f o r a distance of 80 feet without meeting jN'O. 2 track to meet the synciiae at about i,500 feet
any quartz. below the surface, while the iootwali or main track
will reach ti^e syncline about 30U ieet lower. ±5e-
tween these two tracks, which lie about 100 feet
i n 1915 the shaft was deepened, and a cross-cut apart, there are several black slates and pug
was put in east at a depth oi 9UU feet below tiie tracks, of which the chief quartz-bearing one is
suriace. At 180 feet tlie western or No. 2 track about 12 ft. west of the footwall track, and con-
was cut, and at 270 feet the eastern or main track. sists of brecciated quartz from 4 in. to 12 in. wide.
On the latter a drive north was put in 285 feet, Along the black siates which form the footwall
and passed through a small cross-course. The and hanging-wall lodes, small laminated quartz
track varied from a trace up to 12 in. wide of pug lodes occur, and, though small, are remarkably
and laminated quartz. A t 100 feet noa-th a rise continuous. "With the exception of a large blow
was put up 69 feet, meeting quartz 3 ft. wide at of quartz on the footwall lode above and below the
50 feet, 9 inches of the footwall stone bein^ lamin- 600-ft. level, the quartz occurrences in this mine
ated. A drive south from the main cross-cut was have been disappointing, but it would appear from
put in 120 ft. on the same track, which consisted the increase in size of the No. 2 track, which, at
of black slate and quartz veins. At 180 feet from 750-ft. level, was only 2 in. wide, and at the 900-it.
the shaft the track, where cut in the cross-cut, was level over 1 ft. wide for a length of 500 feet, that
from 8 in. to 1 ft. 6 in. wide, and consisted chiefly in depth an improvement in size may be expected.
of laminated quartz, which carried gold and This was proved to be the case in the Star of the
pyrites. Northwards the quartz increased in size East Company's No. 2 shaft workings on the
for a length of 30 feet before it tapered. At 160 Albion lode, half-a-mile further to the north (see
feet a .small cross-course displaced the lode 10 feet p. 180).
 193
Gold Returns. XOETH CESTBAL PLATEAU COMPANY—Continued.

Ye»r. Ore Yield. Divi- No. 2 liore. Thickness.

Calls. Remarks.
Crushed. dends,
feet.
tons. OZ. d w t . gr. d. s. tl. Clay 4
1896 302 190 14 0 3 0 1 quarter Basalt 84
1897 20,261 10,655 15 6 I'o 2 quarters. Sand 1
Value of gold, Basalt 12
£ 1 4 , 2 2 2 6s. 9d. Clay .. .. ;; ;; 21
1898 19,588 8 , 2 1 3 16 8 4 0 1 0 2 quarters. Basalt 88
Value of gold, Clay 14
£34,093 10s. Basalt 83
lOd. Clay 13
1899 146 10 5 6 6 2 quarters. Wash 3
Value of gold,
£ 6 0 7 10s. I d . Bottomed at 323
1900 7,277 2,.545 19 23 4 0 2 quarters.
Value of gold,
£10,579 14s.
No. 3 Bore. ThlckncM.
8d.
1901 6,230 2,244 5 0 4 6 2 quarters. feet.
Value of gold, Clav 5
£ 9 , 2 9 0 8s. I d . Basalt 83
1902 2,325 906 0 6 5 5 2 quarters. Clay 15
Value of gold, Basalt 2
£ 3 , 7 4 7 5s. 6 d . aay .. 14
1903 250 47 17 18 5 4 1 quarter. Basalt 89
Value of gold, Clay .. 12
£199. Basalt 95
1905 120 46 18 0 1 7 1 quarter. Drift 3
Value of gold, Wash .. 3
£ 1 8 6 9s. lOd.
1900 4,743 1,714 14 6 2 7 2 quarters. B o t t o m e d at 321
Value of gold, t
£ 7 , 0 8 0 4s. 3 d .
1907 Pyrites 14 9 2 At 88 feet from the surface water was struck in
1907 6,171 1,923 1 6 o ' e 2 quarters. the bores. In JSTO. 2 bore, when a depth of 2 7 4 feet
Value of gold, was reached, the water fell f r o m 88 feet to 192
£ 1 1 , 5 3 8 7s.
feet f r o m the surface, and stood at this level when
1908 5,010 1,705 12 18 4 2 2 quarters.
Value of gold, the bore was completed. I n N o . 3 bore, the first
£ 7 , 5 9 7 3s. 6d. water was struck at 88 feet, with more at 208 feet
1909 1,682 481 9 12 0 6 1 quarter. and 255 feet, and the level was 188 feet f r o m the
Value of gold,
surface on completion of the bore. A shaft site
£ 1 , 9 9 5 17s.
was decided on at N o . 1 bore, and sinking com-
1910
1911 menced towards the middle of 1913. "With the
1912 1,725 776 1 0 Albion Lode, bore hole in the shaft a marked phenomenon was
N o . 2 Shaft, present with the varying atmospheric pressure,
6 0 0 - f t . level
at times a strong current of air rushing into the
1913 3,599 1,116 6 0
1914 7,613 2,074 0 0
bore hole, and again a strong blast of carbonic
1915 acid gas blowing out. A t 88 feet water-level was
1916 .. reached, and a plant was erected to cope with the
water. Operations were then suspended.
The total output f r o m the lease to the end of
September, 1 9 1 7 , amounted to 3 4 , 7 8 9 oz., obtained CENTRAL PLATEAU EXTENDED COMPANY.
from 8 7 , 1 9 7 tons of ore crushed. T o the same (PI. XIV.)
date, capital called up amounted to £102,811, and
This company was formed early in 1913, and in
Government grants to £ 4 , 9 2 7 , while wages ab-
sorbed £ 1 1 6 , 7 6 8 ; contract labour, £ 3 0 , 6 2 8 ; fuel, February commenced shaft sinking for the Albion
£ 2 6 , 9 0 5 ; ironmongery, £ 1 3 , 6 8 1 ; the total expendi-
lode at a site west of Pleasant-street, between
ture f o r a period of 31 years amounting to Lonsdale and Cobden streets. The strata passed
£ 2 6 1 , 2 6 0 , of which only £ 1 3 , 7 5 0 was paid in divi-
through in the shaft, before reaching the bed-
dends. rock at 146 feet, consisted o f : —

Formation. Thickncs?.
ISROETIR C E X T R A L PLATEAI" COMPANY.
(PI. X I V . ) ft. in.
Surface loam 1 6
This company was formed towards the end of 2 3
Clay, with ironstone nodules
1912, and it secured the northern portion of the Clay 2 9
Central Plateau Company's lease, on which boring Decomposed basalt .. 3 6
for a shaft site was then commenced. This course Basalt (first rock) 96 6
Sandy clay . . 5 0
was necessary on account of the proximity of the 5 0
Cement and gravel
deep lead workings. Three bores were put down, Compact sand, &c. (false bottom) 4 0
passing through strata as u n d e r : — Sandy basaltic clay .. 5 0
Loose g r a v e l . . 1 0
No. 1 Bore. Thickness. Basaltic clay 2 0
Very hard basalt (second r o c k ) . . 11 0
feet. Cement 6 0
Clay 8
Basalt 86
Clay 11 Below the base of the first rock the water
Basalt 102 was found to be heavy, and a double horse
Clay 14
whip proved to be inadequate f o r coping with it.
Basalt 71
A steam winch plant was erected, and the shaft
Stopped at .. 292 puddled up from a frame set in the clay below the
4424.—13
 194

rock. Owing, as ascertained afterwards, to a had reached 156 feet f r o m the shaft. The north
large basalt boulder extending tbrougb t i e clay to drive at the 800-ft. level was stopped at 330 feet
the gravel below, the water behind the puddling from the cross-cut, and a winze was sunk to con-
found an entrance into the shaft, consequently nect with the 900-ft. level.
another frame was set at 116 feet 6 inches f r o m Early in 1894 the 900-ft. level cross-cut was
the surface on what was regarded as bedrock. extended to 323 feet f r o m the shaft, passing
This proved to be a false bottom, and the puddling through a lode track at 285 feet, with quartz from
broke away in the south end of the shaft owing ft. to 3 ft. wide, which carried minerals and a
to the soft nature of the stratum, and the water little fine gold. On this formation north and
came into the shaft 6 feet below the frame. Oil south drives were put in 27 feet and 23 feet respec-
further sinking the shaft a third frame was set tively on what was regarded as the footwall,
in the basaltic clay at 128 feet 6 inches, and the coarse gold being found in dish prospects. B y the
shaft puddled up, resulting in an absolutely dry end of 1894 a drive was started on what was taken
shaft being obtained. ( F o r an account of the to be the hanging-wall of the formation, and
method of puddling up this shaft see p. 66). The proved a large body of highly-mineralized quartz,
sinking in the bedrock proved that the strata were with occasionally a little gold. A drive south, also
Avest-dipping, at times highly mineralized, and cut on the same track, carried a promising formation
by quartz spurs. At 500 feet f r o m the surface a for a distance of 85 feet. Financial difficulties
large fprmation, consisting of honeycomb quartz arose, and mining generally on the Sebastopol
with some decomposed felspar, pyrites, and occa- Plateau became dull, and all work ceased tOAvards
sionally galena was struck and sunk on to 545 ft., the close of 1894.
where it passed out of the shaft on its western
underlie. Fine gold was at times visible in this During April, 1896, work was again resumed,
quartz. A depth of 600 feet was reached, and and a month was spent in unwatering the shaft
cross-cutting east and west was commenced at 597 and levels. The cross-cut west at the 900-ft. level
feet below the surface. A t 22 feet east of the Avas extended f r o m the drive on what was con-

shaft an anticline, the existence of which was not sidered the Guiding Star lode. I n 1897 opera-
expected, was m^et with, and the cross-cut east to tions were resumed at the 800-ft. leA'el, as well as
250 feet f r o m the shaft passed through east-dip- in the west cross-cut and north drive in the 900-ft.
ping beds stratigraphically higher than the black level, and the north drive at the 1,000-ft. level.
slate zone, while the west cross-cut intersected Large formations were met with at these levels
similar beds on the western dip. A t 35 feet west during the succeeding years. Trial crushings at
of the shaft a spurry formation Avas cut, and a the Star of the East Company's battery during
1898 having proved that the stone was of pay-
drive was put in southerly along the track.
able quality, the company erected a 30-head bat-
SEBASTOPOL PLATEAU ^'O. 1 COMPANY. tery, which was started in 1899. The crushings,
(PI. X V . , X V I . ) however, did not come up to the former trials, and,
although much prospecting at the 1,000-ft. and
The Sebastopol Plateau No. 1 Company was
900-ft. levels in large formations was carried out,
formed in 1886, and shaft-sinking was commenced
it was not until the middle of 1901 that the bat-
towards the end of that year. The shaft bottomed
tery was used to crush a small parcel of ore from
on high reef at a depth of 92 feet. Early in 1890
the intermediate level between the 1,000-ft. and
operations at the 200-ft. level included an eastern
900-ft. levels. Under 500 tons exhausted this for-
cross-cut of 266 feet. This passed through several
mation, and work at the 1,000-ft. level, which had
flat leaders and blows of quartz, but nothing pay-
now reached over 1,400 feet north of the shaft,
able was disclosed. A t the same time, at the
was stopped.
563-ft. level, an eastern cross-cut was put in, and
driving f r o m the western cross-cut was also car- The western cross-cut at the 900-ft. level, which
ried on f o r 31 feet. Before the end of the year a in July, 1898, had reached a total distance of 1,594
winze was sunk to a depth of 21 feet below the feet f r o m the shaft, and which had been sealed by
556-ft. level, and the sinking of the main shaft was a dam, was re-opened in March, 1901, and drives
resumed. B y the beginning of 1891 the main Avere started on a formation at 1,400 feet west of
shaft had reached a depth of over 800 feet. Cross- the shaft. "Work was carried on in the AA'-est cross-
cutting at the 645-ft. and 800-ft. levels v/as begun cut till November, 1901, when a total distance west
before the close of 1890, but nothing payable was of 1,900 feet was attained. This point being near
disclosed.. I n 1891 the shaft had reached a depth the boundary, and payable stone haAdng not been
of 1,000 feet, where a plat was cut. The west proved, all work at this level was stopped, and a
cross-cut, at the 800-ft. level, intersected, at 153 start was then made to open out at 288 feet from
feet f r o m the shaft, a formation reported to be a the surface. B y the end of 1902 a reef, which was
lode 1 ft. 6 in. wide carrying gold, black-jack and subsequently found to be the Phoenix, was cut, and
galena; and on this drives to the north and south a rich shoot of gold was met Avith, which gaA^e pro-
were started. i fitable results f r o m this level and the levels above
During 1892', owing to the financial crisis, work and below it, until the end of 1903. "While these
at the mine ceased, but towards the end of the year levels were on payable ore, a long drive north at
the allocation of a Government grant to the com- the 645-ft. level Avas put in, and prospecting works
pany enabled operations to be resumed at the were carried on till July, 1905, without meeting
800-ft. and 900-ft. levels. The north drive, at the with any success. A f t e r the cessation of work
800-ft. level, was extended to 236 feet f r o m the at the 645-ft. level, a start was made to f o l l o A A -
cross-cut on a lode, which varied from 1 ft. to the shoot of gold below the 378-ft. level, as well
2 ft. wide and carried minerals. Cross-cutting as to prospect over the leAJ-el in the north end.
east at 75 feet north of the main cross-cut passed T h e Avinze w o r k i n g s , as well as the m a i n drive,
through strata with quartz spurs f o r a total width failed to give any prospects, and this led to their
of 20 ft., while west, at 110 feet north of the cross- abandonment in February, 1906, when a start
cut, the formation was proved f o r over 12 ft. wide. was made, after unwatering the shaft, to open
At the 900-ft. level the cross-cut was put in 82 out south on a lode shoAA-ing in the 800-ft. cross-
feet.by March, 1893, and by the end of the year it fut, aa Avell a? to stope in the north drive. A,
 Sill of Shaft 1355 2.V above sra Icwl

/''li!'.'"!^

378 fT UVtl

0 N C I T U 0 I N A L S E C T I O N
Cn

P H (E ! X L ! N [

FIG. 32. Sebastopol plateau N o . I Mine. Scale :—300 It. t o 1 inch.

 196

trial crushing proved the ore to be payable, but Central Plateau No. 2 shaft, and also in the Star
the quantity available was small, and the level of the East mine at 1,800 feet to 2,000 feet west
was subsequently abandoned. of the No. 2 shaft, where the lode on the lower
During 1907 operations were continued south bed of the series is known as the Albion.
at the 378-ft. level, besides prospecting for allu- To the south of the Sebastopol Plateau No. 1
vial reef wash above the 200-ft. level. I n 1909, mine, the Prince of Wales and Bonshaw United
after the mine had been closed dovm for over a companies worked a lode which was discovered in
year, operations were resumed by cross-cutting the earlier alluvial workings of the Prince of
west at the 556-ft. level, and until the middle of Wales Company's mine (see page 145). This lode
1912 prospecting in the shallow levels was con- is probably identical with that exposed in the
tinued with little success. In 1912, aided by 900-ft. level cross-cut.
Government assistance, the 900-ft. and 1,000-ft. East of the Albiou anticline a series of west-
levels were unwatered, and the lodes opened there dipping faults occurs, and a repetition of these
were thoroughly sampled, but without encourag- also probably exists above the level. The effect of
ing results. On the Prince of Wales line of lode these faults is to carry the black slate zone ap-
1,900 feet west of the shaft driving north and parently nearer to the centre of the fold on the
south was commenced, but the lode track con- eastern than on the western side. A minor fold
occurs, and the zone is exposed east of this at be-
tinued small. A rise over the 900-ft. level failed
tween 850 feet and 960 feet from the shaft. A t
to locate the line of lode on the Guiding Star
960 feet a drive north has been put in on a well-
syncline at 1,120 feet west, and above the 1,000-fr.
defined wall dipping to the east, on which a little
level a rise cut a lode in the anticline, well de-
laminated quartz occurs, but the formation shows
fined, but not payable. Early in 1914 all work
no sign of increasing in width. A t 55 feet east
at the mine ceased.
of this a laminatea track half-an-inch vv'ide is
Structure. exposed, and 60 feet further to the east there is a
The geological structure as revealed in this 2-in. laminated quartz track with black slate.
mine consists of a main anticline (the Albion) The strata in this horizon, similarly to that on
at 1,360 feet west of the shaft. West the west of the Albion anticline, "is highly
of this the strata dip regularly to the west, aiineralized, scattered pyrites occurring through-
so far as proved by cross-cutting. Eastwards out the slates and sandstones.
repeated folding is exposed towards a main The next exposure of the black slate zone lies to
syncline (the Consols), which occurs to the the west of the anticline at 320 feet from the
east of the shaft. A minor fold with a syncline shaft. A t 440 feet from the shaft a black slate
at 1,120 feet, and an anticline at 1,150 feet west with 2 in. of laminated quartz is exposed, and
of tlie shaft is follov.^ed eastwards by strata hav- another black slate with 1 in. of laminated quartz
ing a general dip at a lower angle than usual to shows on the west side, as well as on the east side
a syncline of considerable magnitude at 630 feet of the anticline, about 10 feet distant. The
west of the shaft. The west-dipping strata east main or lower bed of the series at this
of the syncline are at a much higher angle, and point, separated by a larger width of sandstone
would appear to indicate an eastward list to the bars, is between the 900-ft. and 1,000-ft. levels,
synclinal axis. At the 900-ft. level about 350 where it reaches the anticline, and on which an
feet west of the shaft an anticline is met with at unpayable formation upwards of 5 ft. in width
the apex of which large makes of quartz occur, was proved by a rise.
followed on the east by a syncline which exposes
the same horizon at the 900-ft. level as the syn- Eeef Formations.
cline to the west of the anticline at the 645-ft. The formations exposed in this mine may h>e
level west of the shaft. classed as under:—(a) Bedded reefs; (6) fault
reefs; (c) spurs.
The syncline is located 70 feet west of the shaft
Class (a), Bedded Reefs.—The Phoenix reef m.ay
at the 200-ft. level, and has an easterly list to
be regarded as a true synclinal reef, the trougn
about the 560-ft. level, and from there to the 900-
and west-dipping leg being highly auriferous at
ft. level the list is slightly to the west, the axis
the 288-ft. level, and through to the alluvial.
being 90 feet from the shaft at the 900-ft. level. The fold pitched north, and in the trough the reef
On this syncline (the Phoenix) a payable auri- attained a width of 12 ft. to 14 ft., and a height
ferous inverted saddle reef, which pitched north, of 10 feet to 14 feet, the west-dipping leg gradually
was worked above the 288-ft. level opposite the tapering to a few inches before reaching the allu-
shaft. About 50 feet east of the shaft an anti- vial. In working this reef south of the shaft a
cline occurs, followed by 200 feet of east dipping cross-cut from the old Phoenix Company's alluvial
strata. shaft was discovered in v/hich the reef had already
The Black Slate (Indicator) or favourable been disclosed, and recorded in 1872. This fact
horizon, is exposed in the 900-ft. level, on led the present company to open out at a shallow
the west side of the Albion anticline at level.
from 1,730 feet to 1,830 feet west of the Throughout the description of this mine, the
shaft. This zone consists of, in ascending syncline with which the reef is associated will be
order:—Black and gray dolomitic slate with referred to as the Phoenix syncline. The folloAV-
8 in. of laminated quartz lode, slickensided ing formations occur in connexion therewith:—At
in parts, and highly mineralized; 2 feet west a the 378-ft. level a small synclinal reef was driven
black slate of 3 in. in width, on which a slide has on a distance north of 400 feet, and south 200
occurred, is followed by slate 10 feet wide, a grey feet, proving the reef for a width of 12 ft. with
and black slate occurring at 10 feet from the lode;
17 feet from the lode several black slates and
mineral seams (pyritic) occur; 40 feet from the
lode a black slate 4 in. wide occurs with crushed
laminated quartz, and a highly graphitic polish.
The uppermost black slate of this zone occurs 96
feet west of the lode. This zone of black slate ap-
FIG. 33. Synclinal Reef, Sebastopol Plateau No. 1 Mine,
pears to be identical with that exposed in the 378-ft. level, 262 feet south of cross-cut. Scale, 40-ft. to 1 inch.
 197
a maximum thickness of 3 ft. at a point 100 feet
Wales lode on the south with the Albion lode on
south of the cross-cut, as shown in sections of the
the north, both being on the same horizon. xV
form.ation (Fig. 33). The fold pitched to the
point of importance, however, lies in the fact that
north at from 2 deg. to 8 deg., and carried galena,
the Albion lode occurs to the west of the granitic
sphalerite, chalcopyrite, and pyrite, accompanied
dyke, while thè Prince of Wales lode is east of
by small quantities of gold in the trough. The
that dyke. The strike of the dyke from the allu-
eastern leg of this synclinal reef was not pros-
vial workings of the Prince of Wales to the most
pected.
northerly recorded position in Sturt-street is N.
A t the 556-ft. level, and at a point 55 feet west 2° E., while the strike of the lode between the
of the shaft, another small synclinal reef with Prince of Wales and the Central Plateau mines
stone about 9 in. wide in the trough was passed is 6° W. This dyke shows in the 900-ft. cross-
through in the cross-cut, and here a winze was cut at 180 feet west of the most easterly black
sunk in the syncline, but no records of the results slate, or Prince of Wales lode.
of this work were available. A t the 900-ft. level,
the legs of two small synclinal reefs are exposed at On the anticline at 325 feet west from the shaft
between 80 feet and iOO feet from the shaft. the black slates reach the cap between the 900-ft.
Both of these are small, and consist of tortuous and 1,000-ft. levels. The west-dipping limb has
laminated quartz veins up to 2 in. in the widest not been proved auriferous, and a rise abG^fe the
part; the trough of these formations will be found cross-cut at 310 feet from the shaft reached the
about 10 feet below the floor of the cross-cut. saddle 55 feet above the level. The saddle at this
The next syncline west of the Phoenix has been point was from 3 ft. to 4 ft. wide, and the eastern
cut in the 900-ft. level only, and shows 625 feet leg was the better developed, but carried no pay-
west of the shaft. No legs are traceable at this able values.
depth. As the folding appears t-o be symmetrical, The downward continuation of the west-dipping
it is probable that a repetition of the Phoenix reef lode will reach the syncline about 600 feet iDelow
will be found at a shallower level in this svncline. the 1,000-ft. level, and prospecting to this depth
The black slate zone in which the main Ballarat might be undertaken with a reasonable hope of
West lodes occur will be found on this syncline at success in so far as analogous favorable positions
from_ 1,400 feet to 1,800 feet in depth, but whether in the northern mines are concerned.
it will be auriferous or not is uncertain. Similar In the syncline at 1,120 feet west of the shaft a
conditions exist above t^he 900-ft. level at 1,120 rise of 100 feet failed to locate the black slate in
feet from the^ shaft, and the lowest of the black the roll, as a thickening of the beds had occurred.
slate series will be probably met with above the This syncline is identical with the one in which
level of the cross-cut. (A rise of over 100 feet the Guiding Star lode occurred in the mines to the
failed to locate the black slate.) north. A t this point the pitch was to the south,
Of the bedded reefs distant from the synclines while in the Central Plateau the pitch was to the
those associated with the black slate zone may be north, with the black slate zone 25 feet above the
referred to. These reefs, though small, are con- 860-i"t. level cross-cut.
tinuous, and usually increase in size, both in th«^
proximity of the anticlines and synclines, though Details of Worhings.
on their flanks shoots of payable width have been 1,000-ft. Level.—Work at this level com-
met with. The reef in the 1,000-ft. level is one menced in July, 1896, when the cross-cut west was
of the legs of an anticlinal or saddle reef, from let on contract. A t 52 feet, slate and sandstone
which no gold values were obtained. Above the bars with quartz leaders dipping east were
900-ft. level a minor black slate, with a small recorded. A t 305 feet west of the shaft a lode 3
laminated quartz leg should reach its cap within ft. wide, consisting of black slate and quartz inter-
15 feet of the level, but the legs as exposed show mixed, carrying galena and sulphides, and under-
no sig-n of increasins: width, and the presence of a lying to the east, was met with, while 30 feet fur-
large fault with makes of quartz occurring above ther to the west a track 6 ft. wide was cut, having
the level mask the saddle, if present. A t the a westerly underlay, and carrying nice laminated
1.000-ft. level, an east-dipping leg occurs with quartz 1 ft. wide on the footwall. The cross-cut
12 in. of laminated quartz, and a west-dipping leg reached a total distance to the west of 400 feet
of 15 in. of laminated ouartz on either side of the before driving was stopped in April, 1897.
anticline. A rise Avhich was put up on flie east
North Drive, 1,000-ft. level.—This drive was
leg cut the cap, but nothing payable was met with.
opened out in April, 1899, on a nicely laminated
N"o driving was done on the formation.
lode from 12 in. to 15 in. wide, and showing a
On the Albion anticline the whole of the blacl< little gold. A t 27C1 feet north of the cross-cut the
slate series of saddles will have been denuded. To formation was of a promising appearance, and
the east-dipping legs little reference need be made covered the full width of the drive, 1 ft. of nicely
as they are mentioned above in connexion with the laminated quartz on the hanging wall carrying
black slate beds, and have not been nroved auri- gold in the solid. A t 547 feet north of the main
ferous in any nortion of the field. The west-din- cross-cut an east cross-cut was put in 16 feet
ning legs or lodes, although often unprofitable, through a large formation carrying a little gold.
have proved pavable in part, and therefore are At 575 feet north of the main cross-cut a cross-
worfhv of prosnecting. The chief of these exposed course striking north-east and hadeinar to 'he
in this mine occurs on the western flank "of the
south, was met with. A t 648 feet north, the No.
Albion anticline at 1.780 feet from the shaft,
2 east cross-cut was put in, passing through a bar
where a^highly mineralized lode 8 in. wide, asso-
of sandstone and some slate, with quartz leaders.
ciated with the black slates, and conforming to the
A t 700 feet north the lode still carried 1 ft. of
be'^ding, was intersected in the cross-cut. and
laminated quartz on the hanging wall. This was
risen on for 80 feet. "Driving north and south on
saved for a trial crushing, but its value was not
this formation for a distance of o-i-^rr 4-00 fpof
reported, as it was treated with stone from the
failed to meet v/ith any increase in the size of the
lode, or to nrove navable vabie''. From its posi- level above. A t 1.000 feet north, a small break
tion, and seeing that the narallel black slates agree threw the lode 8 feet to the east, the stone on the
with those in the adiacent mines, this mine serves north side being 24 ft. wide. At 1,150 feet north,
as the connecting link to correlate the Prince of a " horse " of mullock threw the lode to the west.
A t 1,090 feet north, the stone is 16 ft, wide, well
 198

mineralized, carrying " galena, black-jack, and formation continued, and although it was of pro-
gold in the solid," and has a hanging wall under- mising appearance, it did not prove payable until
lying to the west. A t 1,165 feei north, the No. 2 at 1,100 feet north, where a slide, dipping west
west cross-cut met a large body of stone accom- and pitching south, was met Avith, beyond which
panied by much water, which, when tapped, the quality of the stone improved. At 1,086 feet
drained the 900-ft. level. North from the No. 2 a cross-cut east was put in 28 feet to the foot-
west cross-cut for 200 feet only the track of the wall, which had an underlay to the west, and
lode was followed. A t about 1,250 feet north of carried 6 in. of pug. At 8 feet from the hang-
the main cross-cut the No. 3 west cross-cut was ing wall the cross-cut passed through laminated
put in for a distance of 82 feet, passing through quartz 4 ft. wide, carrying fair gold, on which a
well mineralized quartz 3 ft. wide, underlying to rise ( N o . 4 ) was put up.
the west. A t 1,430 feet the No. 4 cross-cut was
A t 1,330 feet north of the cross-cut, a drive
driven 56 feet. The north drive stopped at 1,440
was put in east 50 feet across the lode, passing
feet from the cross-cut.
through a solid lode 14 ft. wide, well mineralized,
A t 1,200 feet north, a rise was put up, and
and carrying a little gold, then 36 feet of slate,
connected with the No. 3 winze from the 900-ft.
with quartz leaders carrying gold. The north
level. An intermediate level was opened out north
drive was continued for a further distance in
and south at 50 feet in the rise. A drive was put
the large formation, but at about 1,500 feet north
in south 1,101 feet, and north 120 feet, at this level,
the lode became broken up, owLug to a slide com-
on a big t)ody of stone carrying gold on the foot-
wall, and from which 480 tons were crushed for a ing in. At 1,481 feet a cross-cut was put in
total of 168 oz. 19 dwt. 18 gr. of gold, thereby ex- east, passing through a slide dipping to the east
hausting the payable ore. at 33 feet, followed by clean country to the face
A little stoping was done above the main drive at 85 feet. The lode in the main north drive
north of the rise, but the results do not appear to continued broken, and at 1,680 feet north cross-
have been profitable, and, in 1901, work at this cuts were started to the east and west; the east
level ceased, and the workings were allowed to cross-cut passed through a lode formation, slate
fill with water, in which state it remained until bars, and quartz leaders up to 62 feet; and the
1912. After unwatering the cross-cut, a rise west cross-cut met a slide dipping to the east at
was put up on the anticline at 310 feet west of the 18 feet from the north drive. Work in the north
shaft, but, although the cap Avas reached, nothing drive was suspended f o r some months, but in
of value was obtained, and the w-ater was again May, 1900, ifr was again resumed, and 107 feet
allowed to rise. was added to the length, making a total of 1,796
feet, the latter portion being on a track of lode
900-ft. Level, North Drive.—A start was made
which underlies east. A t 1,756 feet a cross-course
in July, 1896, to drive north to the footwall of
was met with travelling north-east and south-
the lode at 280 feet west of the shaft. At 100
west, which threw the country a few feet to the
feet north, the lode was the full width of the drive,
east, and at 1,790 feet another cross-course travel-
and in settled country. At 200 feet north from
ling north-west and south-east was struck. On
the cross-cut the drive was stopped, the face then
the latter cross-course a drive was put in westerly,
showing quartz and slate, with a good deal of
and at 18 feet from the north drive, slates, sand-
mineral and 6 in. of a " d i g " on the footwall,
stones, and quartz leaders, dipping west, were
which underlies to the west. At 320 feet west of
cut. At 200 feet along this drive a big slide, dip-
the shaft a drive was opened north, on what was
ping east, was met, and in November, 1900, work
believed to be the hanging wall of the Guiding
was suspended at 233 feet.
Star line of lode.
In October, 1897, the hanging wall drive was Rises and Winzes, 900-ft. Level.—The No. 1
repaired, and driving to the north was resumed. rise, 25 feet north of the main cross-cut, was put
At 260 feet from the main cross-cut, a cross-cut up 55 feet on a large formation carrying galena
east proved the lode to be 22 ft. Avide Avith and black-jack, and connected by driving north
6 in. of laminated quartz on the footwall, from 40 feet and 22 feet east across a strong forma-
which nice colours of gold were obtained, and tion to the winze sunk on the slide below the
also seen in dish prospects. At 200 feet north of 800-ft. level. The No. 2 rise, 350 feet north of
the main cross-cut a slide cut into the lode, and the cross-cut, was put up 35 feet on a large body
continued to 350 feet north. This slide dipped of well-mineralized stone. The No. 3 rise, at 900
to the east. At 490 feet north of the cross-cut feet north of the cross-cut, was put up 80 feet
the lode in the face was very solid, carrying seams on the lode, until a slide was met, which threw
of black slate heavily charged with mineral. An the lode 14 feet to the east, as proved by a cross-
easterly cross-cut at this point passed through cut at 95 feet high in the rise, the lode here
solid lode, 25 ft. wide, of very promising ap- being 12 ft. wide. About 70 feet up in the rise
pearance, carrying a good deal of mineral, includ- a level was opened out and driven east across the
ing a little black-jack and galena. At 33 feet lode for a dista.nee of 29 feet, through a strong
east a slide underlying to the west was met with. formation, into the footwall. At 1,086 feet north
The main drive was extended in a large forma- of the main cross-cut, in a cross-cut 8 feet east
tion of promising appearance, carrying sulphides of the hanging wall, the No. 4 rise Avas put up
and, at times, a little gold. At 570 feet north 55 feet, Avdth a full face of laminated quartz
a cross-course was met, which threw the lode 10 carrying good gold. Work was suspended here
feet to the east. during the erection of the battery, and wias re-
The cross-cuts proved the lode to range from sumed in October, 1899, when the rise was put
18 ft. to 35 ft. in width between 500 feet and up high enough to connect with the 800-ft. level.
750 feet north of the cross-cut. T o 1,000 feet At the same time drives north and south were
aorth the drive carried a full face of ore. At started from the top of No. 3 rise on a large
900 feet north a slide was met with travelling formation, with galena, black-jack, and occasion-
parallel to the drive, dipping to the east, and ally some fine gold. The N o . 5 rise, 1,216 feet
pitching slightly to the south, so thai it rose over north of the cross-cut, carried f o r 26 feet up a
the back of the level at 1,000 feet. The large full face of laminated stone with good gold. No
 199
sign of the footwall being met with at 20 feet level. Meanwhile a drive north was put in from
up in the rise, a drive was opened out east, pass- the No. 3 rise for a total length of 212 feet, leav-
ing through a lode 10 ft. wide, carrying good ing on the eastern side of the drive quartz which
gold, but with still no s i ^ of the footwall. At carried galena, black-jack, and gold. Stoping
a height of 60 ft. in No. 5 rise, a drive eastwards below this point was commenced in February,
cat the footwall at 44 ft. and drives v/ere put in 1899. At 1,123 feet north of the cross-cut the
north 25ft. on the footwall, the face north drive connected with the No. 4 rise, thus
carrjdng ft. of quartz, with a little securing good ventilation for both the 900-ft. and
mineral; and north 25 feet on the hanging wall 800-ft. levels and their stopes. Nothing further
on a body of stone 12 ft. wide, well mineralized was done in this level until 1906, when a small
but not payable, owing, it was thought, to a slide, crushing was taken from near the main cross-cut,
which was passed through 40 feet up the rise, and several cross-cuts put in across the lode at
and M-hich displaced the lode 18 feet to the east. 100 ^feet intervals. A south drive was also put
Stoping was carried out from the south side of in 87 feet, and a rise put up for 19 feet, without
the N o . 4 rise to north of the No. 5 rise, on a meeting suificient encouragement to continue, so
body of stone from 4 ft. to 20 ft. wide, with vary- the level was abandoned.
ing results (see list of crushings below). A rise
6Ji.5-ft. Level.—The north main drive was
was put up on the footwall 160 feet north of the
opened out in I ebruary, 1903, while good stone
main cross-cut. This was carried up .55 feet,
was being worked about the 288-ft. level. Al-
passing through slate with quartz leaders dipping
though upwards from the 288-ft. level the reef
very flat to the west.
had an underlay to the west, the impression ob-
At 920 feet north of the main cross-cut a winze tained by driving north on an east-dipping reef
was sunk. For 16 feet a large body of stone, at the 378-ft. level was that the lode would be
mineralized and yielding gold in dish prospects, found at each level nearly vertically below the
was sunk on. A t ' 3 0 feet sinking was suspended level above. I n consequence of this impression
owing to water trouble, the stone in the foot of the north drive at the 645-ft. level was started at
the winze showing a little gold. The No. 2 winze 67 feet west from the shaft, on a west-dipping
was sunk south of the N o . 4 rise, but only reached fault in the centre of a sharp synclinal fold. The
a depth of 5 feet in a full face of nicely laminated north drive to 427 feet carried a good footwall,
quartz carrying good gold. At 1,144 feet north with vertical " makes" of quartz, occasionally
of the cross-cut the No. 3 winze was started, showing minerals. For the next 400 feet the
where good gold was cut in the main drive. For footwall stone was regular, the hanging wall stone
33 feet a big formation, carrying galena, black- showing minerals. To 1,389 feet from the cross-
jack, and free gold, was sunk on. At 68 feet a cut a footwaU was driven on, which carried veins
connexion was made to the intermediate above showing sulphides and a little gold. At 1,100 feet
the 1,000-ft. level, after which very little appears from the main cross-cut, another cross-cut was
to have been done below the 900-ft. level. put out west for 28 feet, the manager reporting—
900'ft. Level South.—During 1898 a drive was " For about 12 feet the country was full of flat
put in south a distance of 200 feet in a full face and vertical veins, all of which carried a little
of ore, which yielded a little gold in dish pros- gold. The syncline occurs at 22 feet in this cross-
pects. cut."
SOO-ft. Level.—The cross-cut west from the
The north drive was extended to a total
main shaft was extended from 150 feet to 323
distance of 1,500 feet, the hanging wall side of
feet early in 1897. A t 295 feet west of the shaft the drive carrying quartz veins which were pro-
a body of stone 8 ft. wide, with an eastern under- spected without success. A t a point 1,465 feet
lay, well mineralized, and carrying some galena north of the cross-cut a rise was put up f o r 100
and black-jack, was met with. After passing feet, passing through a slide underlying west at
this big stone, leaders, carrying fine gold, were 70 feet, on which a drive 18 feet in length was
met. In March, 1897, the cross-cut was stopped put in. A t 100 feet in the rise a cross-cut was
at 357 feet from the shaft. A north drive was driven west for 130 feet, and at 38 feet west of
opened out at 320 feet west of the shaft, and a the main rise a second rise was put up for 100
big body of stone was followed. At 200 feet north feet, making a total of 200 feet above the 645-ft.
of the cross-cut, the lode proved to be 12 ft. level. Cross-cuts were opened out from the top
wide, and carried mineral, including some black- of the rise at the 453-ft. level. The east cross-cut
jack and galena. At 30 feet north of the main reached 176 feet, passing through several flat and
cross-cut some good values were found, and a vertical quartz veins, some of which carried a
rise was put up at this point for 36 feet on a little gold, and the west cross-cut was extended
lode 3 ft. wide, which carried a little gold. At to 46 feet, carrying irregular bunches of quartz
36 feet up in the rise the lode became broken. and a little water.
At 50 feet north of the cross-cut, the No. 2 rise The cross-cut east at the top of the main rise
was put up 30 feet in ore carrying gold. At the 100 feet up was extended 45 feet through a large
top of this No. 2 rise a cross-cut was driven 36 formation which carried black-jack, galena, and
feet east into the footwall," passing through a a little gold, and was accompanied by a good
lode formation 10 ft. wide. A t 70 feet north of flow of water. Here a drive was put in south
the cross-cut a winze, which connected with the 20 feet, from the face of which a rise of 32 feet
intermediate level above the 900-ft. level, was passed into clean country. N o further work was
sunk on a large highly mineralized formation done at this level since the date of the cessation
underlying flat to the west. of operations in May, 1905.
Towards the end of 1898 work was resumed in S78-ft. Level.—Work at this level commenced
the north drive, which was extended on the foot- early in 1902, and the cross-cut west was put in
wall of the lode to 636 feet north, where the lode, 148 feet by August of that year. A t 74 feet from
14 ft. wide, solid and mineralized, was crossed, the shaft a drive was put in north on what was
and the hanging wall followed. At this point then considered to be the lode coming down from
the north drive connected with the south drive the level above. As a matter of fact, however,
from the top of the N o . 3 rise above the 900-ft. the nature of the formation not being recognised,
 200

the upper level was on the west dipping leg of a anything payable, and suspended to resume opera-
synclinal reef, while that opened out on was the tions in the lower levels, early in 1906.
east dipping limh of a distinct reef, though In November, 1902, work at the lower levels
occurring in the same syncline. The formation (900-ft. level and upwards) was suspended and a
consisted of mineralized ore, about 3-ft. wide, cross-cut west started at 288 feet from the surface.
underlaying east and pitching to the north. At A t 75 feet west of the shaft a lode (the Phoenix)
300 feet north a rise was put up and connected 6 ft. wide carrying a good footwall underlying
to the 288-ft. level; an intermediate level was west was met with. The lode was well mineralized,
put in 45 feet above the 378-ft. level and driven contained black-jack, and yielded gold f r o m the
north for 100 feet on a large body of payable ore. intermixed slates and on roasting of the mineral

SECTiONS 378 F ' LEVEL

SCALE OF FEET
JO 5 0 M 20

REFERENCE _ Sandstone m Slate i Quartz •

South Drive

/
N»2 N»3 NM N°5 N^S N°7 N?8 N°9

North Drive

/
A -

N"! N°2 Noa NM N°6 N°7 N«9

/
A/-
rt-# 14h i f h >
ty"
N"! N°I2 N" 13 N" 14 N°I5 N°I7 N^IS N'lS NOZO N^ZI

•J-

t
/ / •-i

o ¿ 7 "
A/' tJ «1

N»22 N°23 N°24 N''25 N°2G N°27

Fig. S4. For positions of ihe above sections on the plan of the Sebastopol Plateaii No. 1 Mine, see Plate N o . X X .

Another intermediate level was opened out to the in the quartz. A drive north proved the lode of
south at 65 feet above the 378-ft. level, and this good quality to 260 feet, where the stone pitched
was driven south for 200 feet, connecting with a underfoot; north of this point a " t r a c k , " carry-
winze which was sunk below the 288-ft. level. ing gold by dish prospects from rubble, was fol-
This winze had passed into clean country at 37 lowed for about 70 feet.
feet below the main level, as proved by the cross- The south drive at the 288-ft, level carried a
cuts f r o m it 10 feet west and 12 feet east. full face on the lode for some distance, but,
Stoping to the 288-ft. level was carried out above owing to the nature of the formation, which
the south intermediate level and north for about pitched north at 160 feet south of the cross-cut,
120 feet, where the stone pitched underfoot and the golden shoot was 30 feet above the level. On
was stoped up from the 378-ft. level to the north this account an intermediate level was put in at
intermediate level. 40 feet above the south drive, starting from the
In the main level at 550 feet north from the rise at 180 feet south of the cross-cut. The main
cross-cut the face consisted mainly of quartz south drive was stopped at 273 feet south. In
showing plenty of mineral and much gold. At the intermediate level at 340 feet south of the
814 feet north the stone still showed gold. W o r k main cross-cut, a cross-course was met with which
in this drive was suspended for two years as the threw the lode 12 feet west and 50 feet down.
stopes became worked out, but in 1905 the north This brought the golden stone to the level of the
drive was further extended, and at 1,067 feet a main drive, and, consequently, work was resumed
well-defined lode was showing on the footwall, in the south face. A t 363 feet south of the cross-
carrying nice mineral and some gold with a few cut, the cross-course was struck, and beyond it a
quartz veins on the hanging wall side. A t 1,060 large formation showing gold. A leading stope
feet north of the cross-cut a winze was sunk to over the drive south of this took in a formation
54 feet carrying a well-defined footwall, the 24 ft. wide. A t 697 feet south a rise was put up
manager reporting, " Stone, bearing mineral and 60 feet, and an intermediate level was opened out
gold, wdth black slates coming in on the hanging south on a large formation showing gold and
wall side." Later, however, this winze was still pitching to the north. This intermediate
cleaned out and found to have bottomed in the level and stopes were continued to the southern
syncline with no stone on the fold. The north boundary (about 900 feet from the shaft) on
drive was extended to 1,528 feet without meeting payable ore. The stopes nearer to the shaft were
 201
connected to the 200-ft. level. The stopes above
tne c!78-it. level produced profitable stone until At the 1,305-ft. level a payable formation was
the end of the year 1903. For records of yields found 150 feet east of the 4-ft. Slate. It
see below :— occupied about the same position relative to the
slate as the Indicator did in the upper levels,
Quantity of Stone Crushed, &c. and was therefore considered to be a formation
on the Indicator, whereas it occurred on a re-
Half-Year
petition of the 4-ft. Slate itself.
Quartz Gold Where Kemarka,
ending— Crushed. Obtained. Obtained.
SHi^M rnOS iéntSaml
tons. oz. dwt. gr-
August, 712 272 1 23 9 0 0 - f t . level Crushed at
1898 north Star of
the E a s t
February, 1,543 5 6 2 14 6 9 0 0 - f t . level Crushed at
1899 north Star of
the E a s t
August, 995 156 12 0 9 0 0 - f t . level Crushed
1899 north at own
battery
February, 400 56 10 0 1,000-ft. Crushed
1901 level north at own
and inter- battery
mediate
August, 480 168 19 18 Intermediate
1901 above
1,000-ft.
-
level
August, 2,175 3,010 3 12 2 8 8 - f t . level Phoenix
1902 line of
reef
February, 3,170 1,776 5 0 2 8 8 - f t . level
1903 and stopes
August, 7,775 3 , 8 8 0 14 0 3 7 8 - f t , 268-
1903 ft. levels
and stopes
February, 1,063 638 1 6 378-ft., 288-
1904 ft. levels
and stopes
August, / 275 77 5 0 800-ft. level
1906 1 156 2 8 18 6 3 7 8 - f t . level
and above

A few small crushings were put through at

irregular intervals during the succeeding years
till December, 1911, the total value of the gold
obtained to that date being £45,964 l i s .
Fig. 35.—Transverse Section of the Victoria United Mine
[(looking north). Scale, 4 0 0 feet to 1 inch.
BALLARAT EAST MINES.
THE VICTORIA UNITED COMPANY.
Structure.
(PI. X V I I . )
The western workings are in the eastern limb
The Victoria United Company was formed in
of an anticline. To the east of this is a syncline
1894. The lease included the areas formerly
followed by a minor anticline. The axes of the
occupied by the New Victoria Company, which
folds have a decided westerly list, averaging 1 in
succeeded the Victoria (1890 to 1894). the
3, which causes the beds to dip in the direction
Duchess, the Parade, the Queen's Jubilee, the
shown in the diagram. Until the true structure
United Black Hill, Spanhake's and the "Welling-
v/as worked out, the low western dip of the beds
tonia Gigantea companies.
on the western limit of the anticline was ascribed
The mine, which is the most northerly of the to faulting.
group surveyed, occupies a position on the
southern side of the Black Hill Flat, and em- At the 998-ft. level the main anticline (First
braces an area of 50 acres held under lease and Chance axial line) is well shown in the cross-cut
miners' right claims. at 370 feet west of the shaft (Fig. 36), and also
The mine affords a section which illustrates how
certain of the slates disappear at a depth owing
to the folding of the beds. This structure was
not recognized, and certain beds were supposed to
occur always at the same distance east or west of
other beds, and much confusion resulted from this Fig. 36.—Anticline, Victoria United Mine, 9 9 8 - f t . level,
theory. For example, at the 572-ft. level, the 3 7 0 feet west of shaft. Scale, 4 0 ft. to 1 in.

Indicator lies 15 feet west of the shaft, and the at the 1,205-ft. level at 430 feet west of the shaft.
4-ft. Slate 135 feet further west. At the 640-ft. At the 1,305-ft. level the same fold is exposed in
level a leather jacket fault cuts across the In- a west cross-cut 127 feet north of the main cross-
dicator near a syncline. Below the 726-ft. level
the leather jacket faults the 4-ft. Slate, which,
however, was recognised below the fault, and
traced to the lowest level. The diagram (Fig.
35) clearly shows that a drive of 135 feet east
of the 4-ft. Slate anyAvhere below the 726-ft. level
Fig. 37.—Ancticline. Victoria United Mine 80 f e - t west of
passed through a synclinal fold instead of through
drive, 127 feet north of main cross-cut. 1,306-ft. level.
parallel beds. Scale, 4 0 ft. to 1 in.
 202

cut and at 450 feet west of the shaft. At this allowing for faulting, appears to be the 4-ft.
point the fold shows a marked overthrust Slate on the fold. At the 1,505-ft. level the
(Fig. 37). bed is repeated on the east side of the syncline at
150 feet to 180 feet west of the shaft. It also
occurs on the eastern limb of the syncline at the
1,405-ft. level at 90 feet west of the shaft, where
it is still in contact with the same coarse sand-
Fig 38.—Anticline, Victoria United Mine, 1405-ft. level, stone. At the. 1,305-ft. level the 4-ft. Slate is
60 feet west of shaft Scale, 40 ft. to 1 in. on the anticline at 50 feet west of the shaft, and
The syncline east of the Indicator is 30 feet associated with a large payable quartz formation.
east of the shaft at the 572-ft. level, in the plat The extension of the 4-ft. Slate on the eastern
at the 640-ft. level, and 40 feet west of the shaft limb of this anticline can be seen at 2 feet 6 inches
at the 998-ft. level. From this point it can be west of the shaft at the 1,505-ft. level.

^ A -i - The wide belt of slate forming the westefn

# > ~ ^ - limit of the auriferous belt of country is known
as" the- Duchess Slates. The name has been
.. misapplied to the slate cut in the lowest level of
Fig. 39.—SjTicline, Victoria United Mine, 1305 ft. level,
the Duchess shaft, for this slate is apparently on
140 feet west of shaft. Scale, 40 ft. to 1 in. the anticline, and at 80 feet to 110 feet west of
easily located at each level down to the 1,505-ft. the 4-ft. Slate. The so-called Duchess Slates
level, where it is 197 feet west of the shaft. At at the lower levels contain the various piths (see
the 1,605-ft. level, the syncline occurs in a wide below), and at the 998-ft. to 1,405-ft. levels they
bed of slate, between 225 feet and 275 feet west of He at 90 feet to 120 feet west of the 4-ft. Slate.
the shaft. The minor anticline east of the syn-
Three basic dykes occur in that portion of the
cline first shows in the plat at the 1,205-ft. level.
mine north of the main cross-cuts. In the upper
At the 1,305-ft. level a large quartz formation
levels they are decomposed to a clay, and are
occurs on the fold at 40 feet west of the shaft.
known as clay banks. At lower levels they are
At the 1,505-ft. level the centre of the fold lies
solid when first met with in the drives, but they
75-ft. west of the shaft, and at the 1,605-ft. level
rapidly break up on exposure to the air. The
105 feet to the west.
most southerly dyke forms along a cross-course,
Overfolding occurs more especially in the which displaces the strata 20 feet, but the other
deeper levels. In the upper levels the beds con- two merely break through the strata and quartz
stituting the eastern limb of the main fold are lodes without causing any apparent horizontal or
almost vertical, but below the 998-ft. level most vertical displacement except a lateral displace-
ment of the width of the dyke.
of these beds dip between 60° west and vertical.
The eastern dip is noticeable only in the proximity Three types of faults are shown in this mine :—
of the syncline, and is rarely as low as 75° east. ( 1 ) Slides, " p i t h s , " " p u g s , " &c; ( 2 ) leather
On the western limb the dip ranges from 75° to jackets; and ( 3 ) cross-courses. The piths or
55°, averaging about 60°. pugs form along the bedding planes on the
As mentioned above, the Indicator was traced eastern limb of the anticline, and in all observed
to its intersection with the leather jacket cases they conform to the bedding planes, but do
below the 640-ft. level. I n the upper workings not appear to be continuous from level to level,
where the strata were vertical, the Indicator was in some places being 3 feet or 4 feet apart, and
cut in the various cross-cuts at 10 feet to 15 in others 8 feet to 10 feet. The amoimt of ver-
feet west of the shaft. In the 040-ft. level at 52 tical displacement on these piths is usually
feet east of the shaft and beyond the syncline, small. The piths are well shown at the 993-
there is a mineral seam similar in appearance to ft. level, between 218 feet and 254 feet west of
the Indicator and occupying the same relative the shaft; also at the 1,205-ft. level at 220 feet,
)osition on the western dip. At the 726-ft 237 feet, and 262 feet west of the shaft. The
evel the Indicator country, under the leather piths are of importance in the working of the
jacket, is 18 feet west of the shaft, and dips 70° intersecting quartz spurs, firstly since they afford
east. It should fold over the syncline, which one wall or " let-go " for rising or driving on,
is only 20 feet to the east, at a depth of under and secondly because the small amount of dis-
850 feet from the surface. At 15 feet or 20 feet placement along their course breaks the quartz
west of the Indicator there is a big slate which veins, and appears to have a direct effect on
occupies the same relative position along the the gold contents, which is invariably higher along
whole of the line as far as the North "Woah Hawp the pith itself than elsewhere. That the
mine. piths are later than the final stage of gold-
deposition is also apparent, since films of gold
The 4-ft. Slate, or Victoria line, which is re- are common along the striated quartz faces, and
cognisable throughout the mine, is a slate with instances are recorded of what appear to be small
numerous -v^ell-marked cleavage lines, and occa- nuggets cut across by the piths. In some cas?s
sionally one or more seams of pyrites. It is the evidence that the two portions of such lumps
situated on the eastern side of a coarse sandstone could be matched, although several inches apart
10 feet wide. This slate is exposed at all the when found, has been regarded as conclusive
levels below 458 feet deep, and is remarkable for N o such evidence was available during the sur-
its consistent width, seldom varying more than a vey.
few inches except near the ssmcline at the 1,505-
ft. level, where it is nearly 30 feet wide, and The main fault or leather jacket in this mine
within 12 feet of the syncline. At the 1,605-ft. also traverses the Last Chance and Britannia
level a wide bed of slate occurs in the syncline at mines to the south. In the latter mines a decom-
2'50 feet west of the shaft, and this bed, after posed dyke ( " t h e p u g " ) occurs along thé fault,
 203

but no dyke is associated witb it in tbe Victoria of quartz, albite, and dolomite, often carrying
United mine. The fault strikes N . 40° E., and sulphides and much chloriie, but they are never
is traceable f r o m the sliaft at tlie 640-ft. auriferous.
level to 390 feet west of the shaft at the 1,098-ft.
level. _ Below this level it intersects the anticline, Seams and patches of pyrites are common apart
and dies out on the west-dipping beds. f r o m the Indicator of the upper levels; such
seams occur at the 1,098-ft. level at 105 feet west
The amount of displacement along the leather of the shaft in a slate bed, which is upwards of
jacket is 30 feet to 40 feet opposite the shaft. 20-ft. wide with only a few minor ribs of sand-
Another leather jacket shows on the 4-ft. Slate stone. I n the 1,205-ft. level at 30 feet west of
at the 1,205-ft. level, and lies 375 feet west of the shaft, a west dipping mineral seam one-eighth
the shaft at the 1,305-ft. level. On the anticline of an inch wide shows above a small fault which
at 50 feet west of the shaft at the 1,305-ft. level has displaced the seam 4 feet.
there is a strong leather jacket, which is in the
Three other mineral seams were noticed. One
syncline at 170 feet west of the shaft at the 1,405-
occurs at 52 feet from the east face of a cross-cut
ft. level, and also exposed in the 1,505-ft. level
off the north drive, 248 feet north of the mam
at 300 feet west of the shaft. Quartz veins occur
1,305-ft. level cross-cut; another along a bedding
associated with the fault at this point, where the
plane dipping 65° west at the 1,305-ft. level,
displacement on the fault is about 25 feet. N u - at 102 feet irom the shaft; and the third in a
merous minor faults parallel to the main leather bed of slate at the 1,405-ft. level, at 221 feet from
jacket show in the 1,505-ft. level, but they are the shaft.
apparently of little importance.
Dolomite, both as crystals and in the massive
At the 1,605-ft. level a well-defined leather form, is common as veins, either alone or inter-
jacket fault was passed through at 295 feet west mixed with quartz. The colour varies from white
of the shaft. This appeared to be the continua- to pink. Dolomite associated with the lodes
tion of a small fault exposed at 210 feet west of usually occurs along the margins of spurs, but
the shaft at the 1,505-ft. level. occasionally reddish patches are found in the
quartz at some distance from the walls. Good
Small cross-courses show at 340 feet north of
specimens of the pink dolomite were obtainable in
the main cross-cut at the 1,305-ft. level, where a
the cross-cut 248 feet north of the main cross-cut
basaltic dyke fills the fault. The displacement
at the 1,305-ft. level, in workings along a fault
here is about 20 feet horizontal and 10 feet ver-
at 60 feet west of the north drive. The dolomite
tical. was largely confined to a bed of slate, but to
Four types of quartz deposits occur in this the westward a white dolomite vein occurs, form-
m i n e : — ( a ) those on the leather jacket; (b) ing the base ,of a quartz spur and containing
dodecahedral crystals of pyrites. At the 1,205-ft.
spurs; ( c ) anticlinal or saddle formations; and
level pink dolomite shows in the 4-ft. Slate.
(d) verticals and bedded veins.

The principal formation, the Britannia lode, Details of Worhings.

was on the leather jacket. The quartz ranged
f r o m a few inches to 50 ft. or 60 ft. wide, and After pumping out the water, the Victoria
United Company began shaft-sinking in 1895,
veins extended above and below the reef f o r up-
from 740 feet, the depth reached by the Victoria
wards of 100 ft. in width. This reef was worked
Company in 1894. Between 830 feet and 900
from south of the shaft at the 728-ft. level to
feet, a few highly mineralized veins carrying a
1,400 feet north at the 1,405-ft. level.
little gold were found and proved by trial
The quartz spars, especially above the 572-ft. crushings to contain 2 dwt. to 3 dwt. of gold per
level were rich, and along the Indicator belt ton. A depth of 900 feet was attained prior to
numerous specimens were obtained (see records March, 1896. After putting through a number
of the Parade, Black Hill, and other companies at of trial lots of stone, most of which proved value-
shallow levels). On the 4-ft. Slate at the less, the battery began to crush payable stone in
June, 1895. The company's supply was aug-
998-ft. and the 1,098-ft. levels, rich spurs were
mented by several tribute parties, who located
worked, and it is noticeable that the rich gold
makes of quartz in the upper levels before the
ceased where the overthrust of the eastern limb
end of that year. To meet the expenses of shaft-
occurred, although the spurs became plentiful.
sinking and the installation of pumps, a number
The distribution of gold on the leather jacket
of reserve shares were sold, and fourteen calls
formation is similarly influenced by the dip of
of 3d. each were made prior to the end of April,
the strata and the gold stops on the anticline.
1897. The crushings during 1896 were small,
Owing to the divergence in strike northwards be-
but the average yield was over 6 dwt. of gold per
tween the axial line and the leather jacket, a ton. Towards the end of 1897, the tonnage
greater distance must be driven at each level to crushed fell away still further, but the average
reach the favourable country. yield rose to over 11 dwt. to the ton. The in-
stallation of rock-drilling machinery increased
At the 1,305-ft. level at f r o m 30 feet to 60 feet the expenditure, and two calls of 2d. and four
from the shaft an anticlinal formation was of 3d, each were made for the half-year ending
worked during the period from 1909 to 1911. I t October, 1897. In 1898 further calls were neces-
consisted of a large body of payable quartz in sary, but towards the end of the year the dis-
the fractured 4-ft. Slate. Below this level on covery of large bodies of good stone enabled the
the western dip the quartz was poor. Above the company to declare dividends as well as to pur-
level very little prospecting was carried on. chase the Black Hill Company's battery.

The vertical or bedded quartz veins are of In 1899 development work was kept well in
little importance. Veins of this type occur at advance of stoping. The yield from large ton-
the 1,205-ft. level on the north side of the shaft. nages was over 10 dwt. to the ton for the half-
They are usually laminated, and consist largely year ending April, 1899, and dwt. for the
 204

succeeding half-year. Early in 1900 new boilers 572-ft. Level.—During 1896 the country north
and a compound engine with a condenser were of the main shaft was drained and made available
added to the battery. The yield showed a slight for working. A drive was put in north on the
falling off in the grade of the stone crushed, but Indicator, and f o u r tribute parties worked
occasional dividends were paid during the year. payable stone within 300 feet of the cross-cut.
In 1901 the average yield per ton fell below 6 The main cross-cut was driven west to prove the
dwt., and only one dividend of 6d. per share western country. The north drive was extended
was paid. In 1902 the tonnage was increased, to 520 feet, and connected with the drive put in
but the gold yield was smaller; the development by the Black Hill United Company; the old drive
work was kept well ahead, and one dividend of had been abandoned through want of appliances
6d. per share was paid. In 1903 two dividends to cope with the water, and it v/as, therefore,
were declared; the average yield was now a little necessary to drain a large area of old ground
over 5 dwt. to the ton. Early in 1904 a slight after the connexion had been made. I n the
improvement in the average yield made a large Black Hill United claim a cross-cut east was put
increase in the profits, and f o r the half-year in 240 feet for the quartz which had been left
ending April two dividends of 6d. per share were there, and two rises were put up to meet these
bodies, which, however, proved to be poor.
naid, and these^ were folliowed by two more
During 1897 the tribitters obtained fair results
during the next half year.
above this level.
In 1905 tbe yield improved and the tonnage
increased. Three dividends of 6d. ner share were 72e-fi. Level.—In 1895 the west cross-cut was
paid for the half-year ending April, and two for driven 196 feet, and in 1903 a drive was begun
the half-year endinor October, while £1,500 was at 240 feet west of the shaft. In 1905 this drive
exnended on machinery, a new windina: engine was extended to 486 feet, and at this point a rise
being added. The new engine proved to be was put up 31 feet, and an intermediate level was
economical as regards fuel consumption, and this, opened south to a payable formation which had
together with a sliehtly improved average yield, been worked bv the Britannia Company to its
was resnonsible for a number of dividends in 1906 boundary 30 feet south. Profitable results were
and the two following vears. In 1907 a plant obtained from this portion of the mine during
wes erected, and the deepening of the Queen's 1905.
.Tubilee shaft was begun. The chief advantage
to be gained by utilizing this shaft was a saving
on the cartage of Q u a r t z and the disnosal of S91-H. Level.—The cross-cut west, commenced
mullock, which h^d to be carted awav from the in 1896, intersected a number of gold-bearing
old shaft of the Victoria Company. The Queen's quartz veins. A t 80 feet from the shaft a for-
Jubilee shaft was cut down to a depth of 316 mation 6 ft. wide yielded 10 dwt. of gold to the
feet before the proiect was abandoned in 1908. ton, but in the drives put in north and south
For the half-year ending April, 1908, 15,192 tons the value fell to 5 dwt. to the ton. In the south
vielded 5,204 ozs. of gold, an average of nearly drive at 96 feet the quartz pitched underfoot and
7 dwt. to the ton. averaged over 16 dwt. to the ton. A t 240 feet
f r o m the shaft were the Duchess Slates, which
carried a vein 1 ft. wide, showing coarse gold.
In 1909 the discovery of a new formation near
Several flat makes dipping north and east were
the shaft at the 1,305-ft. level assisted the company
cut between 270 feet and 370 feet from the shaft.
very considerably; several dividends were paid,
At 250 feet f r o m the shaft a drive on the
and much develonmental work was undertaken.
Britannia line was put in south for 525 feet to
In 1910, dividends ceased; costs increased with
the boundary. A t 356 feet south, cross-cnts
d'enth: develonmental work failed t o locate
were driven east 57 feet and west 58 f e e t ; in the
payable stone in the levels opened. Prospecting former a flat make of payable quartz was found
at a depth was now necessary, and funds were at 42 feet, on which drives were put in north and
conserved for shaft-sinking. The sinking of the south.
shaft f r o m the 1,405-ft. to the 1,505-ft. level was
completed in June. 1911. the total depth, including
the well, being 1,533 feet. In 1897 a number of crushings from the veins
1-ft. to 3-ft. wide at 120 feet from the shaft gave
variable results. A rise was put upon these
Yields from the 1,505-ft. level did not prove as
quartz veins.
good as was expected after a couple of hundred
feet of driving. Work ceased in 1913, and the
level was left until 1914, when auriferous ore was Driving and stoping were carried on till 1900,
located within 10 feet of the abandoned face; mostly on quartz veins 6 in. to 1 ft. 6 in. wide.
and this supplied crushing m.aterial, but the
yields were barely payable. The extensive stopes In 1904 work was resumed at this level from
in the northern end of the mine at the 1,205-ft. a rise 220 feet south of the cross-cut at 163 feet
and 1305-ft. levels proved irregular in value, and west of the shaft. A t 42 feet above the level a
were abandoned early in 1914, but after a trial make of quartz 12 ft. wide yielded 45 oz. 6 dwt. of
by tribute parties they were re-opened, and pay- gold from a trial crushing of 138 tons. Tributers
able crushings were obtained. were successful during 1905, but early in 1906
the ore was exhausted.
Early in 1915 the shaft was sunk to 1,618
feet from the surface, and a cross-cut was opened 9Q8-ft. Cross-cutting at the 998-ft.
west at the 1.605-ft. level. This cross-cut was level began in 1897, the bulk of the work being
continued to 332 feet, passing through several done by rock drills, at a cost of £ 1 Is. lOd. per
gold bearing ouartz veins! which were tested, but foot. At 166 feet west of the shaft there was a
proved unprofitable. A t the end of 1915, the ouartz vein 1 ft. 6 in. wide showing coarse gold.
mine was closed dov/n and the machinery moved. B°lts of gold-bearine country were found, between
235 feet and 320 feet, and a drive was put in
Details of the various workings are given below, soutb along the most westerly one at 320 feet on
the particuhrs being obtained from the manager's payable quartz, with rich veins still further to
reports and surveys of the accessible workings. the west; t h e main body was low grade stone o r «
 205
35 ft. wide. During 1898 the drive was continued During 1898 the No. 2 north drive on the
to the boundary and stoping Duchess line was driven in a large formation to
began. Rises above this level 230 feet from the shaft, the stopes on this lode
yielding good ore.
.'.I disclosed several flat auriferous
During 1900, the No. 1 north drive on the Vic-
M veins, some of which proved on
ANTICLINE toria line was advanced to 868 feet from the main
stoping to be of good quality. cross-cut, the drive trending eastwards to enable
Stoping on these veins was con- the company to work a vein 3 ft. wide east of the
tinued with success until the main drive. Prospecting drives were opened out
end of 1900. east and west on the crosscourse (dyke) to test
this portion of the mine, the eastern portion of
No. 1 north drive was opened which was rich at the upper levels. Stoping
at 170 feet west of the shaft above the level was continued until 1903. A t
780 feet north of the main cross-cut, the eastern
along a large body of auriferous
cross-cut was extended to 208 feet, intersecting a
quartz. A crosscourse at 280 mineral seam at 142 feet from the north drive.
feet north of the cross-cut dis- A cross-cut west intersected several gold-bearing
turbed the country, and to the quartz veins, during 1904.
north of this a prospecting drive l,U98-ft. Level.—Cross-cutting at this level be-
was extended westward on quartz gan in April, 1899. A t 70 feet west of the shaft
It passed through a flat make of quartz; at 190
veins from 10 in. to 2 ft. wide, feet the Victoria, or 4-ft. Slate belt of country;
which were v/ell mineralized and at 293 feet a body of stone 7 ft. wide,
overhead and underfoot. A body well mineralized, and gold-bearing. The cross-cut
of quartz was stoped to a was continued to 400 ieet from the shaft.
height of 18 feet for 280 feet A well-defined mineral seam in the Victoria, or
north of the crosscourse; it was 4-ft. Slate yielded a 13 oz. patch of nuggets in
the north drive along this iormation at about
20 ft. wide, and extended above
100 feet from the cross-cut. A t 260 feet the drive
the top of the stope. The stope passed through the crosscourse. A t 500 feet nortli
over the cross-cut was worked a make of stone pitching north, and underlying
35 feet above the level in veins east, yielded up to 12 dwt. of gold to tiie ton.
45 ft. wide, and the stopes south This Iormation was followed for over 120 feet
' before it pitched underioot. A t 768 feet from the
of the cross-cut v/ere extended for
cross-cut a rise was put up on the dyke, and con-
260 feet, being 18 feet above the nected with the 998-ft. level. This rise on the
drive. A t 180 feet from the 4-ft. Slate passed through several gold-bearing
south boundary and 20 feet veins, and levels were opened out at 48 feet and
south of the cross-cut a stope 79 feet, above the mam drive. A t the first of
these openings the stone in the north drive was
was put up 45 feet above the
2 ft. wide, and showed gold; in the second a drive
level in good stone trending south carried payable ore for 100 feet beiore
west. A t 592 feet from the cross- holing through to the winze-workings.
cut in the No. 1 north drive, A drive south on the 4-it. Slate, or Victoria
a cross-cut 30 feet east cut a line, at 170 feet from the shaft, proved a highly
payable vein 2 ft. wide, on which mineralized formation 12 ft. wide; this narrowed
down to 2 f t . wide at 178 feet south, but a rise
drives were opened north and
above this point passed through several makes of
south. The main drive was con- quartz, some gold-bearing. A t 405 feet south,
tinued to 760 feet, where a two quartz veins, 1 f t . 2j,n. and 1 ft. 6 in. wiae,
dyke or crosscourse was inter- were showing in the face. Above this level several
sected along which cross-cuts quartz veins were proved by rising. A t ieet
south a vein 3 ft. wide was followed, rising west
were driven east and west. The
on an angle of 45" to a height of 50 leec, and
total length of the north drive proved payable in parts.
was 868 feet. A t 430 feet north Mo. 2 drive was put in on the Duchess line at
of the main cross-cut a rise of 280 feet west of the shaft. No. 2 north drive was
40 feet cut a vein 3" ft. wide in a large flat make of mineralized stone lor 120
which yielded over 1 oz. of gold feet. Tnis was blocked out for a width of 40 feet^
and to a height of 20 feet above the level, and
to the ton. A t 676 feet from
carried payable ore. No. 2 south drive carried
the cross-cut a winze was sunk payable ore for 100 feet, and good ore was ioi-
22 feet on ore, 98 tons of which lowed for 300 feet. .Stopes over this drive to tne
yielded 62 oz. of gold. Stoping east and west proved the formation within 28 feet
above this level was continued to of the level, upwards of 50 ft. in width, the quartz
the end of 1904. veins being irregular in size. A t 225 feet south
m SYNCLINE of the cross-cut a rise to the level above passed
through several formations, some of which showed
No. 1 south drive was put in
gold freely. The stopes above the level passed
along the Victoria line, 4-ft.
through a slide or leather jacket that interfered
Slate, which was situated 170 with the quality of the veins, but stoping was con-
feet west of the shaft. This drive tinued until 1904.
was extended south on a large No. 3 drive was opened north and south at 380
body of payable stone for 445 feet f r o m the shaft on the leather jacket, or
feet and stopes above it pro- Britannia lode. The north drive passed through
duced large quantities of pay- the crosscourse at 254 feet, after following good
able quartz during 1899. ore for the first hundred feet from the cross-cut.
 206

At 10 feet north of the crosscourse auriferous veins. A t 40 feet over the level a cross-cut west
stone 2 ft. wide was worked. A t 30 feet from intersected several gold-bearing veins on which
the crosscourse the leatherjacket formation was drives were extended during 1904.
found in the cross-cut, and the north drive was No. 3 drive, 448 feet from the shaft on the east
turned along it. A t 455 feet from the cross-cut a side of the leatherjacket, was driven north on a
large formation was proved, and cross-cuts were promising quartz vein 3 ft. wide, which, however,
put in east and west at this point. proved unpayable. A t 68 feet north of the cross-
No. 3 south drive on the leatherjacket or cut a rise on the leatherjacket connected to the
Britannia line was <3riven in a big formation level above, passing through several payable for-
carrying rough gold. A t 70 feet south a large mations on the east side; stoping on payable ore
vein was struck at 16 feet over the drive in a was commenced from an intermediate level north
rise which connected to the level above. Inter- and south on these veins in 1904. The main drive
mediate levels at 30 feet and 50 feet opened pay- at 100 feet from the cross-cut intersected payable
able ore in 1900. In the main drive, at 123 feet, ore 8 ft wide, which widened to 40 ft. at 400 feet
4 feet of quartz veins were exposed; these con- north, and averaged about 4 dwt. of gold to the
tinued, and at 208 feet a rise put up on the t o n ; the value per ton increased as the drive was
leatherjacket proved the veins to continue. Stop- exterded north, the stone being 30 ft. wide at
ing on this line began in 1901, and opened up a 470 feet from the cross-cut. A t 600 feet north,
good supply of quartz, much of which was of low the ore body was 50 ft. wide, and although mixed
grade. with country rock, it did not provide enough
waste material for filling the stopes. A t 680 feet
l,20o-ft. Level.—This level was opened during north a payable formation 40 ft. wide was
1902. The west cross-cut at 33 feet from the taken out, and extensive stopes above the drive
shaft passed through a mineral seam regarded as provided large bodies of payable ore. Pavable
the Indicator (Fig. 41). The cross-eut, the ore averaging 40 feet wide was followed to 750
feet. A connexion was made to No. 3 cross-cut
and No. 1 north drive, which insured good venti-
lation. Beyond this point the stone, although it
maintained a width of 40 ft, was of low-grade to
850 feet. At about 900 feet from the cross-cut the
northern end of the lode formation went under-
foot. Stoping in this portion of the mine pro-
vided large bodies of payable ore till 1911. Thi>
No. 3 drive was continued to 1,031 feet north o*
tte main cross-cut without meeting any quarts,
hnt at 20 feet up, a rise in the face passed
throueh a vein 5 in. wide carrying a little gold
In 1911 the stopes were let on tribute.
During 1908 a cross-cut was driven east 103
fict from the shaft, and passed through a number
of quartz veins, but no attempt was made to test
Fia. 41. Section 1205-ft. level, Victoria United Mine.
their Viilue.
length of which was 475 feet, passed through the 1.S05-H. Level.—The west cross-cut at this
4-ft. Slate (No. 1 line) at 195 feet; the Duchess denth was onened durin? 1906. A t 40 feet from
Slate (No. 2 line at 340 feet; and the leather- the shaft it intersected a formation carrying gold,
jacket at 460 feet. Drives were extended along blackiack, and galena. This formation occupied
the three lines. a position relative to the shaft similar to that
occupied bv the Indicator from the 507-ft.
No. 1 drive on the 4-ft. Slate carried several level unwards, and the company, disregarding the
quartz veins for 50 feet, where a slide came in on effect of intervening folds, classed it as the Indi-
the west side of the drive. A rise at this point cator Csee page 201). The structural features of
intersected, at 29 feet above the level, heavily the mine, however, clearly show that this assump-
mineralized gold-bearing quartz, on which drives tion was wrong. Drives were opened north and
north and south proved a series of quartz veins, south cn the formation. The cross-cut was ex-
which yielded payable ore during 1905 and 1906. tended to 445 feet from, the shaft.
I t e main drive was continued, and at 225 feet
The north drive on the supposed Indicator
the cross-course was found. Gold-bearing quartz
disclosed at 70 feet a formation 5 ft. wide, but,
was discovered on the north side of the cross-course,
further driving proved the formation to break
and south of it payable quartz was followed to a
into a vein. Pavable ore was opened over a length
height of 60 feet. The main north drive was con- of 340 feet north and south, and for 176 feet the
tinued in nice slate, but with little quartz, and at average gold yield per running foot was 30 dwt.
768 feet north a rise was put up 60 feet connect-
A t 60 feet south of the cross-cut good ore was
ing with an intermediate level. A t 903 feet from
found in the bottom of the south drive on the
the crosscut a slide occurred, which disturbed the
sixpposed _ Indicator, and a winze was sunk on
country, and was followed to 1,040 feet. A t 903
it. Stoping above the level proved this formation
feet north a cross-cut 80 feet west intersected a to attain a maximum width of 20 feet, and to
iarge formation, along which drives north and extend 20 feet over the drive. The results were
south proved fair values for a length of 100 feet. pavable till 1908.
No. 1 south drive on the 4-ft. Slate was ex- The south drive on the supposed Indicator
tended for 251 feet, and in 1909 it was continued stopped at 247 feet from the cross-cut in clean
to 418 feet. A large, well-mineralized vein shov/- country; the north face at 180 feet from the cross-
ing gold was exposed above the drive, some of cut showed an anpavable vein.
the ore yielding 6 dwt. per ton. No. 1 drive north on the 4-ft. Slate at 206
feet from the shaft carried small veins of quarts
No. 2 north drive was put in along the which showed gold at 150 feet. A rise over this
Ouchess Slates, and at 30 feet north of the drive intersected a gold-bearing vein at 50 f ^ t ,
jyosa-cut a rise proved several unpayable quartz which a drive for 50 ff^t north and fouth prw&d
 207
to b© of good value. A t 220 feet north a rise
feet west of the shaft; the results were not en-
passed through a small gold-bearing quartz vein at
couraging for the first 529 feet, but at this point
31 f ^ t . At 300 feet f r o m the cross-cut two gold-
some small auriferous quartz veins were found,
bearing veins were exposed, and various quartz
and at 581 feet a quartz vein 4 in. wide was
spurs, unpayable though carrying gold, were found
discovered. At 789 feet the drive passed through
between this point and the crosscourse or dyke at
the " l a v a " dyke or cross-course. At 960 feet
770 feet north. Along the dyke a cross-cut west
north a cross-cut west passed through a forma-
was put in and connected with 'No. 2 drive, passing
tion 29 ft. wide, which proved to be unpayable,
through quartz 2 ft. wide at 86 feet. The main
and a rise was put up to the level above. At
drive Avas continued to 1,033 feet from the cross-
1,164 feet north a cross-cut driven east on the
cut, passing through a number of quartz veins.
cross-course reached the western edge of the for-
An intermediate drive over the main level was
mation at 19 feet from the drive; this formation
opened from a rise on the western " p i t h , " a
was about 38 ft. wide, and carried about 2 dwt.
large low-grade body being located on the dyke.
of gold to the ton. The north drive was continued
The No. 1 drive south on the 4-ft. Slate carried to 1,271 feet from the main cross-cut in a lar^e
a small payable formation for 100 feet. In the body of low-grade ore. An intermediate level
next hundred feet several quartz veins, though was opened above this drive to work the continua-
gold-bearing, were unpayable. tion of Clough's block, and bodies of quartz up to
No. 2 drive on the Duchess line was opened at 50 ft. wide were stoped during 1913 .and 1914.
380 feet from the shaft. The north drive was but the quality of the ore was erratic.
put in to intersect a large formation proved to
go underfoot in the level above, and at 424 feet At 85 feet west of the shaft a drive was put
north a rise to the level above located it 30 feet in south and a rise was put up 20 feet to connect
below that level. A t 245 feet north of the main with the winze on the supposed Indicator. An
cross-cut, an east cross-cut intersected a large intermediate level proved a formation 10 ft. or
gold-bearing formation at 77 feet east of the No. 12 ft. in width for a distance of 120 feet, at 36
2 north drive, which was turned along this for- feet below the 1,305-ft. level; this ore was stoped
mation on which some good ore was found. Pav- during 1910, and the drive was continued to 265
able stoping was carried out during 1906. A t feet south, where payable ore, 8 ft. wide, was
270 feet north of the east cross-cut a west cross- stoped.
cut was put out 105 feet, and a gold-bearing
quartz vein was followed for 60 feet: a rise over 1,505-ft. Level.—The cross-cut west at this level
this cross-cut connected with the 1,205-ft. level, was commenced in June, 1911. I t passed through
passin? through some mineralized veins. Stoping a m.ass of quartz spurs 12 ft. wide, and carrying a
over the north drive was carried on from 1908. little gold at 74 feet; the 4-ft. Slate, which car-
The drive was continued in low-grade stone to 5-50 ried quartz 2 ft. wide, at 237 feet; two quartz
feet from the main cross-cut. A t 720 feet north veins showing gold at 304 feet, and a vein 12 in.
of the main cross-cut No. 4 cross-cut west was put wide at 332 feet; the cross-cut was extended to
out 200 f e e t ; it passed throueh a fault and quartz 500 feet west of the shaft.
10 ft. wide at 52 feet; quartz 4 ft. wide at 66
feet; and the leather]acket at 154 feet. The quartz on the 4-ft. Slate yielded 3 dwt.
11 gr. of gold per ton.
At 55 feet west of the N o . 2 north drive, a
Drives were put in north and south along the
drive north was put in, and a body of quartz UP
12-in. vein at 332 feet west of the shaft; the ore
to 40 ft. wide was worked north and connected
won f r o m driving 20 feet north and 27 feet south
with a cross-cut west from the drive on the 4-ft.
yielded 50 oz. 16 dwt. of gold, but on driving 84
Slate, In 1911 this portion of the mine was
feet north and 80 feet south early in 1912, the
let on tribute. At 120 feet north of the connect-
formation became poor. A rise from the north
ing cross-cut from the 4-ft. Slate driv!». the
drive connected with a winze from the level above
drive intersected a cross-course, bevond which the
and passed through two gold-bearing quartz veins.
ore bodv. though upwards of 30 ft. wide, WPS
In 1914 the north drive was extended to the cross-
unpavable. An anirla-break was struck at 165
course at 292 feet. Stoping over the drive yielded
fept north, and beyond this no quartz was located.
crushing material for over six months before
The value of the ore mined south of the cross-
values fell away.. North of the cross-course the
course fluctuated a erreat deal, and enrlv in 1914
reef was not proved payable, and a rise was put
these stopes were abandoned. A.number of cross-
up 38 feet without change.
cuts were driven west from the main line of work-
in?P: these and rises snnplied veins which were At 304 feet from the shaft drives 56 feet north
worked chiefly by the tributers. and 47 feet south were put in on two quartz veins
showing gold; 154 tons of stone were crushed for
A cross-cut driven west from the Duchess line
21 oz. of gold.
at 130 feet north from the main cross-cut. inter-
sected the leather-iacket at 138 feet. At 60 feet 1,605-ft. Level.—The shaft having been sunk
west of the Duchess line a rise put up to the to a depth of 1,618 feet, the cross-cut west, at
level above intersected several unpayable forma- 1,605 feet below the surface, was commenced early
tions. in 1915. At from 240 feet (the centre of the
syncline) to 320 feet numerous quartz spurs were
1405-ft. Level.—The cross-cut west, commenced passed through. In the vicinity of a leather-
towards the end of 1908, passed throuarh some jacket at 290 feet the mass of spurs ranged up to
small bunches of quartz at 38 feet, the 4-ft. 15 ft. in width of crushing material. At 320 feet
Slate at 2'>0 feet, the western pith Con both a winze was sunk to a .depth of 3 feet, but the
sides of which were small veins) at 289 feet, and veins, though all more or less auriferous, not
a gold-bearing vein at 338 feet. The cross-cut proving payably so, were not further tested, and
was extended to 420 feet. work ceased at this depth after completing all the
A north drive was extended along the auriferous dead work, and' before the cross-cut reached the
quartz vein intersected by the cross-cut at 338 Duchess belt of country towards the end of 1915.
 208

The following yields were recorded:— the shaft at the 836-ft. level (Figs. 42, 43, and
44), with a syncline at 95 feet of the shaft east
Date. Tons. Yield.
at the 400-ft. level, 30 feet east of the shaft at
the 720-ft. level (Fig. 41), and 50 feet west
oz. dwt. gr-
1895 .. 2,578 808 18 il
1896 .. 4,178 1,454 19 6
1897 .. 2,641 1,345 11 18
1898 .. 13,394 7,122 10 0
1899 .. 25,661 8,675 17 0
1900 .. 21,859 7,129 11 0 FIG. 4 5 . Syncline, Britannia United Mine, 7 2 0 - f t . level,
1901 .. 23,195 7,364 2 0 3 0 f t . east of shaft. Scale, 4 0 ft. to 1 in.
1902 .. 25,156 7,399 6 0
1903 .. 23,654 7,037 3 0 of the shaft, at the bottom or the 1,176-ft level".
1904 .. 28,783 8,852 18 0 East of the syncline the eastern anticline shows
1905 .. 29,792 8,879 0 0
1906 ..
at the 720-ft. level, 168 feet from the shaft and
30,896 9,289 9 0
1907 .. 32,376 12,125 8 0 75 ft. east of the shaft at the 1,179-ft. level, and
1908 .. 31,140 10,479 15 0 this is followed by a roll, with a syncline at 105
T909 .. 30,709 11,237 4 0
l910 ..
feet, and an anticline at 135 feet, as exposed at
27,862 8,457 15 0
1911 .. 11,820 2,829 6 0 the 720-ft. level.
1912 19,563 5,110 3 6
1913 . . 23,542 6,424 9 12
1914 .. 22,800 5,511 10 0
The long western cross-cut in the southern por-
1915 .. 14,035 3,478 23 18 tion of the mine, at the 720-ft. level, passed
through west-dipping strata to the west of the
main anticline for 320 feet. The face was appa-
From inception of the company in 1894 up to rently within 5 feet of the repetitiqn of the
date of closing doAvn in 1915, the amount of Indicator on the western dip, for a dark slate,
capital called up was £18,333 6s. 8d., and the with mineral seams identical with the Telegraph
value of gold produced was £615,000, making a Indicator, as exposed at 60 feet from the shaft,
total of £633,333. The chief items of exT)enditure .showed at 4 feet from the western face. A
were— westerly list in the axis of the folds is noticeable
Wages and salaries . . . . £195,000 throughout. The main anticline pitches 3° to
Contractors . . £127,000 5° to the north in the neighbourhood of the cross-
Tributers . . £35,000 cut.
Battery costs . . £72,100
Ironmongery . . £43,550
Dividends . . £51,000
Fuel . . £40,000
Cartage . . £21,020
Plant £9,292

BRITANNIA UNITED COMPANY.

(PI. X V I I I . )
The Britannia United Company was formed in
March, 1887, hy the amalgamation of the
Britannia and Major companies.

Structure.
The section exposed in the Britannia mine is
of interest, as it affords an insight into the most
easterly portion of the field accessible during the
survey, and also a. connexion to the Sulieman
Pasha line on the west.

FIG. 42. Anticline. Britannia FIG. 4 3 . Anticline, Britannia

United Mine. 8 3 6 . f t . level. United Mine, 836-ft. level.
100 f t . east of drive.

FIG. 44. Anticline, Britannia United Minr;. 8 3 6 - f t . level,

N o . 1 cross-cut oast. Scale, 40 ft. to 1 in.

The strata are folded into a main anticline FIG. 46. Transverse section Britannia United Mine
known as the First Chance at 315 feet west of (looking noith). Scale, 2 4 0 f t . to 1 in.
 209
Correlation of strata with adjacent mines.— wide for over 520 feet. Over 700 feet of pavable
In the west cross-cut, from the south drive on ore was opened south of the cross-cut, and to the
the leather-jacket at the 720-ft. level, a hed of north gold-bearing stone, 8 ft. to 12 ft. wide, waa
elate on the anticline at 176 feet corresponds with stoped for a distance of 150 feet in 1890, 1891,
the bed exposed on the anticline in the 700-ft. and 1892. A cross-cut east from the north drive
level, First Chance mine. Owing to the northerly- proved a line of lode, which was supposed to be
pitch of the fold the slate is underfoot on the the Oregon.
anticline at the main cross-cut at the 720-ft. level.
Correlating the strata in the Britannia United 560-ft. Level.—Duving 1888, the cross-cut east
and the Victoria United mines, a slight thicken- was put in at a depth of 560 feet to the eastern
ing of the beds in the Britannia is noticeable. lode, where a payable body of ore 6 ft. wide was
The wide slate bed at from 37 feet to 82 feet 'n driven on for a length of over 220 feet. In the
the 1,040-ft. level of the Britannia United coin- north drive cross-cuts proved the lode to be over
cides with the slate exposed at from 50 feet to 60 ft. wide for 200 feet from the main cross-cut,
and by the end of 1899 a length of 570 feet of
94 feet in the 1,000-ft. level of the Victoria
highly payable ore was opened up on the leather-
United. This wide slate (known as the Big
jacket or pug lode; portion of this payable shoot
slate), which is situated at 15 feet to 20 feet west
was located south of the cross-cut, where the lode
of the Indicator, is the continuation of the Blocky
ranged from 7 ft. to 25 ft. wide for a distance
slate of the New Normanby mine, and on ap-
of 300 feet, and extended to 70 ft. wide in the
proaching the syncline it tends to thicken. In
stopes. A cross-cut west from the south drive
the 720-ft. level east cross-cut the Big Slate forms was put in 150 feet. At 340 feet south of the
in the anticline at 170 feet east of the shaft. shaft. No. 2 winze, at a depth of 15 feet, inter-
Following the section westwards, the 4-ft. Slate sected highly payable quartz, on which an inter-
of the Victoria United is exposed at 180 feet west mediate level was opened. At 14D feet south of
of the shaft in the 1,040-ft. level of the Britannia. the cross-cut a rise put through to the 500-ft. level
United, with the Pith belt of country further intersected good ore at 16 feet.
west.
Development in the north end was retarded dur-
The Indicator Slate was found in the shaft ing 1889 through the Victoria Company ceasing
at the 350-ft. level, and it continued in the shaft work, and the water finding its way to this mine.
to 400 feet. Below the 400-ft. level the Indicator In 1890, a large quantity of gold-bearing ore was
was on the eastern side of the shaft to 560 feet, opened up over this level. Stoping was continued
where a main fault, or leather-jacket, with a dis- until 1892.
placement of 90 feet, threw the Indicator on the
under side of the fault to the west of the shaft. 630-ft. Level.—During 1890, a level opened at
At the 720-ft. level the Indicator Slates, at 55 • 630 feet from the surface intersected the lode at
feet west of the shaft, were driven on northerly, 64 feet west of the shaft. A drive was put in
and crushings obtained from a quartz vein yielded south along the lode; at 200 feet south of the
upwards of 15 dwt. of gold to the ton for a cross-cut it met with a slide, which split the forma-
length of 300 feet. Although the slate was pre- tion into two, the eastern, 9 ft wide and showing
sent, pyrites was at times absent or sparsely scat- heavy gold, and the western, 29 ft wide and
tered. The Indicator reaches the syncline at heavily mineralized. The main drive was ex-
about 1,000 feet from the surface. In the 720-ft. tended along the eastern run, but on driving south
level cross-cut, at 195 feet east of the shaft a it was found that the main run of payable gold
mineral eeam occurs in the same stratigraphical had not been followed. The main run was located
position as the Indicator on the east limb of 40 feet west of the drive, and several cross-cuts
the eastern anticline, and a quartz vein at this from the main drive proved the shoot to be 300 feet
point carried payable values for a length of 70 in length. At 174 feet south of the cross-cut a
feet. rise connected with the 560-ft. level. An inter-
mediate drive south from the rise opened up a
Closely associated with the main leather-jacket large quantity of payable ore during 1891.
fault is a decomposed felsitic dyke ( " t h e p u g " ) ,
which varies from a few inches to a couple of feet A drive north along the line of lode was com-
in width. At the 630-ft. level the dyke leaves the menced in 1890; it proved large formations, but
main fault, and for a considerable distance con- nothing payable. A cross-cut west intersected a
tinues on a parallel course until reaching the small body of 7-dTfl;. stone.
400-ft. level, where it forms along the bedding
and becomes vertical; the dyke here is 1 ft. wide. Stoping above the south level was continued
until the end of 1892.
Historical and Details of Worlcings.
720-ft. Level.—In 1892 this level was opened out,
The Britannia United Company was formed in and cross-cutting east and west was undertaken.
March, 1887, as the result of the amalgamation of The west cross-cut interesected a leather-jacket
the Britannia and Major companies. The new carrying 6 in. of promising gold-bearing quartz, on
company increased the size of the shaft down to which a south drive was put in; at 280 feet south
its full depth, 420 feet, and completed a further a large formation occurred, carrying good gold
sink of 93 feet by the end of 1887. At this depth, and well mineralized, and this continued for about
513 feet, quartz was intersected, and a strong in- 60 feet.
flow of water caused the company to open out at
500 feet, where a cross-cut passed through several Prospecting was continued throughout 1893, a
east-dipping quartz veins, which showed gold, drive being extended south-east towards the boun-
before intersecting the pug lode. A drive dary. At 80 feet south of the main cross-cut, and
south was put in on the veins found in the cross- about 20 feet over the level, quartz veins carrying
ciit. A drive south-west on the pug lode was con- good gold were stoped. A drive was put in north
tinued along payable quartz from ^10 ft. to 14 ft. for 240 feet on a well-defined lode of poor quality,
4424.—14
 210

from 3 ft. to 10 ft. wide. A west cross-cut was 375 feet from the shaft by July, 1896, intersect-
put in for 491 feet from the south drive on the ing at 227 feet from the shaft a formation in
leather-]acket to intersect the Sulieman Pasha the same channel as that worked in the 836-ft.
line, hut owing to the uncertain position of the old level.
workings the work was suspended, the cross-cut
being stiU in west-dipping strata, whereas the N o . 1 drive was put in 232 feet f r o m the shaft;
chief workings on the Sulieman Pasha lode were at 73 feet north, a rise connected with the winze
in east-dipping beds. from the level above and passed through several
gold-bearing quartz veins. A n intermediate level
In 1909, the east cross-cut was was opened at 25 feet above the main drive.
extended, and at 190 feet east of
the shaft, a short drive was put No. 2 north drive, at 255 feet west of the shaft,
in north and south on a payable proved the lode formation to be 70 ft. wide at
quartz vein. Further cross-cutting 100 feet from the cross-cut. At 175 feet north a
to 310 feet was undertaken east cross-course was found, and gold-bearing quartz
of the main line, but, although was followed for 60 feet beyond it. At 209 feet
the indications were favorable in from the main cross-cut, a cross-cut was put in
the face, no rising or driving was west 14 feet to the leather-j acket.
carried out.
At 296 feet west of the shaft a third drive fol-
Above the west cross-cut a large
lowed a formation north, and intersected the cross-
flat make was opened in the
course at 87 feet from the main cross-cut; south
" P i t h " bed of country during
of the cross-course the ore was from 50 ft. to 75 ft.
1910, and some payable yields
wide.
were obtained; further prospect-
ing in this direction was re-
Stoping over these drives was commenced early
stricted owing to excisions of the
in 1896, but the formations did not extend to a
lease. ~ i '
great height; at 34 feet above N o . 2 north drive
836-ft. During 1893 the clean country was entered.
shaft was deepened, and after it
had passed through several gold- South of the cross-cut mineralized stone show-
bearing quartz veins, a level was ing a little gold was found.
opened at 836 feet, where a cross-
During 1897, a formation north of the cross-
cut west passed through several
course, from 20 ft. to 50 ft. wide, and payable, was
unpayable formations, each carry-
followed, and connected with the Victoria United
ing gold; at 236 feet it inter-
Company's mine.
sected a series of veins, some of
which were payable for the next
In 1900, the main cross-cut was extended 40 feet
40 feet, and at this point the
to the leather-jacket, on which a rise was put up
leather-jacket and a large asso-
between two gold-bearing quartz veins, 1 ft. and
ciated body of stone were found.
1 ft. 3 in. wide.
The cross-cut was extended to 303
feet west of the shaft.
In 1899, an intermediate level was opened below
A drive north at 236 feet west the 940-ft. level, and driven to the Victoria United
\ of the shaft struck, at 8 feet from boundary. Large bodies of payable quartz were
the cross-cut, a patch of speci- foimd. Another intermediate level, 30 feet lower,
mens, which yielded 35 oz. of re- also proved gold-bearing quartz, in 1899. These
torted gold, but further driving formations were stoped above the 1,040-ft. level
proved the stone to be poor. An- until 1906; they yielded a large quantity of ore,
^ other north drive was opened at the average value of which was slightly over 5 dwt.
120 feet west of the shaft on stone of gold to the ton.
^ which yielded dwt. of gold to
the ton from a trial crushing, but
fe 4 dwt. to 19 dwt. in later crush- l,OJfO-ft. Level.—The large formations met with
ings. at the cross-cut in the 940-ft. level during 1896

During 1894, several forma- induced the company to resume shaft-sinking.

tions were opened up in the Prior to this a rock drill plant was installed and
northern portion of the mine, but started in November, 1896.
south of the cross-cut very little
prospecting was done; the ore At 80 feet below the 940-ft. level the shaft
foimd north of the cross-cut passed through a vein of quartz. I n March, 1897,
^ANTICUNE pitched southwards underfoot, and a cross-cut west was started at a depth of 1,040
the shaft was deepened in order feet from the surface, and extended to 425 feet by
to work the southern continua-
July.
% tions of these formations.

9JfO-ft. Level.—This level was opened out in At 310 feet west of the shaft a quartz vein carry-
1896, and the west cross-cut was extended to ing a little gold was found, at 380 feet another
 211
formation, also carrying gold, and beyond tMs a
The following yields were recorded from this
vein 6 in. wide, yielding 1 oz. of gold to tbe ton. area:—
In driving nortli at tbe 1,040-ft. level during 1898
Y'ear. Ore Gold Yield.
and 1899, a large quantity of low-grade ore was Crushed.
opened. tons. oz. dwt. gr-
1863 .. 4,490 1,062 7 16
1 8 6 4 (3 quarters) 2,820 468 5 6
1865 ..
In 1899, a winze or blind shaft 1866 ..
5,156 717 6 15
4,265 604 6 5
ivas sunk f r o m the cross-cut, and 1867 .. 2,970 528 10 0
several intermediate levels were 1868 .. 2,575 680 3 6
1869 (3 quarters)
opened f r o m it. A t a depth of 1870 ..
1,484 460 15 12
2,539 613 17 0
110 feet a large formation was 1871 .. 6,868 3,431 16 3
found at 70 feet in ithe west cross- 1872 .. 2,366 609 17 1
1873 . . 2,320
cut, and a drive south 110 feet 1874 ..
779 6 20
2,406 371 10 7
proved that it went underfoot. 1875 .. 2,740 517 6 17
North at 97 feet the lode, which 1876 .. 2,018 515 19 8
1877 (1 quarter) 320 57 17 6
carried payable gold, was cut off 1878 .. 1,264 394 7 15
by the cross-course. Two winzes 1879 .. 1,824 342 4 18
were sunk to a depth of 38 feet, 1880 ..
1881 . . 248 134 15 0
and the main blind shaft was also 1882 .. 1,299 173 7 0
continued to that depth, and con- 1883 .. 3,860 915 7 20
nected along the level with the 1884 .. 4,856 1,560 17 7
1885 .. 4,604 997 16 18
bottom of the winzes, but the 1886 .. 1,357 294 1 15
stone was poor. 1887 .. Britannia United Company formed.
1888 .. 9,559 3,578 19 0
tei. 1889 .. 18,732 7,689 11 0
1890 .. 25,086 7,511 0 12
Above-the 1,146-ft. intermediate 1891 .. 25,379 7,598 12 20
level large formations were 1892 (3 quarters) 14,098 4,564 18 20
1893 (3 quarters)
opened, but they proved unpay- 6,326 3,057 6 8
1894 .. 10,111 2,782 2 18
able. I n September, 1900, all 1895 .. 6,590 1,485 4 9
work from the blind shaft ceased. 1896 .. 16,102 3,216 18 12
1897 .. 20,557 6,069 13 0
1898 .. 19,169 4,711 18 8
1899 ..
1,179-ft. Level—In 1913, the 13,646 3,063 11 0
1900 .. 20,721 4,749 12 0
main shaft was sunk to a depth 1901 .. 14,171 4,587 19 0
of 1,200 feet, and a cross-cut west 1902 .. 13,522 3,808 13 0
1903 .. 13,807 4,162 18 0
at 1,179 feet from the surface
1904 .. 19,908 5,357 3 0
connected with the bottom of the 1905 .. 20,378 4,897 3 0
old blind shaft. Between 200 feet 1906 (3 quarters) 5,418 1,308 0 0
1907 .. Mine closed.
and 300 feet from the shaft the 1908 .. Mine closed.
cross-cut passed through a series 1909 .. 2,147 377 11 10
of gold-bearing quartz veins, rang- 1910 .. 2,045 576 9 0
1911 (3 quarters) 315 176 7 0
ing from 1 in. to 1 ft. wide. These 1912 .. vn
veins yielded from 3 dwt. to 7 dwt. 1913 .. 31 16 0
to the ton. After connecting with 1914 .. 356 2 0
1915 .. 1,018 1 12
the old workings, prospecting and 1916 .. 455 19 0
the extension of the north drive
were undertaken, but the results
in this portion, of the mine were NORTH FIRST CHANCE COMPANY.

not encouraging. (PI. X X . )

Historical.
The area held by the North First Chance Com-
At 265 feet west o f the sliaft a pany was originally occupied by the Eastern Star
drive nortli on the 4-ft. Slate Extended Company, which had secured it from
passed through the cross-course at the Young Sulieman Company; the Young Sulie-
250 feet, north of which gold- man Company, which was formed in 1886 during
bearing quartz was found, and a the Sulieman Pasha boom, sank its shaft to a
depth of 520 feet without opening out, and after
rise put up to connect with the
the collapse of the boom it leased the ground on
stone left underfoot at the 1,040-ft.
a 15 per cent, royalty to the Eastern Star Ex-
level. A cross-cut east was put in tended Company, the Eastern Star Freehold ad-
at the 1,179-ft. level, during 1916, joining on the north-east having payable stone.
for a total distance of 181 feet, The Eastern Star Extended Company began
passing through the eastern anti- operations in 1891 by driving a cross-cut at a
cline at 75 feet, and intersecting a depth of 400 feet. A t 355 feet from the shaft
SYNCUNE leather-jacket with much quartz a rise passed through 25 feet of unpayable quartz
at 100 feet, on which a rise was and at 64 feet an intermediate level was opened
north for 40 feet from this rise; at this point in
put up 110 feet, also drives north
the intermediate level another rise of 28 feet n.et
80 feet and south 108 feet, but with a slide carrying a little quartz, 27 tons of
Shaft
values were irregular, ranging which yielded 8 dwt. of gold to the ton. The
f r o m 2 dwt. to 6 dwt. to the ton. cross-cut east from the top of this rise passed
 212

through a big unpayable lode. The north drive correlation proves the indicator belt of slate to lie
from the top of the main rise was continued to at 330 feet east of the shaft at the 520-ft. level.
116 feet, and at the main level a drive north was Above the No. 1 (400-ft.) level extensive stoping
put in from the foot of the rise. was carried out on veins intersecting this belt (on
In 1893 the battery commenced to crush ore the east dip), and between JSTOS. 1 and 2 levels
won by the company and the tribute parties. south of the ii^o. 1 cross-cut, stopes, 100 ft. wdde,
Early in 1894, as the yields proved unsatisfac- are said to exist on the same channel, the charac-
tory, the level was abandoned, and the No. 2 teristic features of which were thin black slates
level was opened at a depth of 520 feet. A t 370 with pyrite seams. The indicator belt on the west
feet f r o m the shaft this level intersected the lode, dip would be about the plat at the 400-ft. level,
which was 17 feet thick and poor. A drive north but the strata could not be identified owing to the
on the footwall of the lode disclosed a patch of timbering. A southerly pitch of 15° was noted
gold at 28 feet from the cross-cut, but a trial on the anticline.
crushing of 118 tons yielded only 14 oz. 11 dwt.
The drive was continued to 130 feet from the The quartz, forms spurry lodes. The spurs were
cross-cut. A t 45 feet north a rise intersected large, and dipped easterly, and were profitable
highly mineralized quartz 12 ft. wide and showing where intersecting east-dipping beds of the indi-
gold at 35 feet. I n June, 1894, the north drive cator-repeated series. The main, or Sulieman,
was connected with the Sulieman Pasha mine, lode consists of a body of white quartz upwards
where the lode had been worked 35 ft. wide. of 20 ft. wide, pitching south, and lying on a west-
In 1895 a connexion was made to the 635-ft. dipping fault, or leather-jacket, on which a decom-
level of the Sulieman Pasha mine, by means of a posed dyke, the Sediment, was followed for a
winze, and arrangements were made with that distance of 150 feet south of the ISTo. 2 cross-cut.
company for the hauling of the stone. Trial The dyke also pitched southerly, and cut out at
crushings from the winze proved of variable 250 feet f r o m the cross-cut, but it was located in
quality. A drive was put in south on a large the First Chance mine at the 623-ft. level on the
body of poor quartz in anticipation of meeting south side of the large cross-course. The Sulieman
the shoot worked in the intermediate level 30 feet lode above the 520-ft. level would fall along the
over the back of the level. The stopes over the west-dipping beds, but below this level it inter-
intermediate above the 500-ft. level produced dur- sected east-dipping strata. This portion of the
ing 1896 and 1897 a large quantity of ore, which lode was worked by the Sulieman Pasha Company,
was associated with the " Sediment," the gold oc- from which the former occupants of this claim
curing in patches. A flat make of quartz rising (the Eastern Star Extended) held a tribute to a
to the west proved more profitable; this stone, depth of 780 feet (see p. 161).
which had formerly been worked by tributers and The following yields were obtained by the
abandoned, was opened during 1897 to a width of Eastern Star Extended Company:—
90 feet; it was cheaply worked by stopes con-
nected with the upper cross-cut, and an average Year. Ore Crushed. Gold Yield'.
return of under 4 dwt. of gold per ton yielded
a profit. Prospecting operations were carried tons. oz. dwt. gr-
on during 1898 and 1899, the bulk of the payable 1892 .. 75 29 11 0
stone being exhausted at this date. 1893 .. 1,012 197 1 18
1894 .. 6,936 2,117 18 16
In 1896 the 780-ft. level of the Sulieman Pasha 1895 .. 1,450 382 2 6
Company was extended into the Eastern Star Ex- 1896 .. 5,997 1,481 0 12
tended ground, and a rise was put up 55 feet at 1897 .. 9,865 1,682 1 0
65 feet south of the boundary. A trial crushing 1898 .. 979 168 13 0
1899 .. 580 153 2 18
from the top of the rise proved the stone payable,
but further crushings were not up to this average,
and in iTovember operations from this shaft The yields from the North First Chance were :—
ceased.
Year. Ore Crushed. Gold Yield.
In 1907 the North First Chance Company be-
gan operations by prospecting in the vicinity of
tons. oz. dwt.
the old stopes. Small crushings were obtained 1908 .. 56 4 0
11
from solid blocks, but the old ground proved a 1909 .. 144 28 12 0
source of trouble, and after two years' trial the 1910 .. 719 204 18 0
area was abandoned. 1911 .. 528 - 125 7 0

Structure. The figures supplied by the compa'ny were:—

The mine affords an extension of the section of Total crushed to 30th June, 1911, 2,057 tons;
the Ballarat East field beyond the workings of gold won, 468 oz. 7 dwt.
the First Chance mine, and provided the only op-
FIRST CHANCE COMPANY.
portunity of securing data on the west side of the
Sulieman lode. (PL X X . )
The workings, while shallow, yielded rich re- Historical.
turns, the bulk of the gold coming from quartz The First Chance Company worked an area ad-
spurs to the west of the Sulieman lode. joining the main road, Ballarat East. The claim
The structure exposed consists of two anticlines included ground held partly under lease and partly
and a syncline; the eastern anticline is slightly under miner's right, together with the right to
higher than the western. The anticlines at the mine under certain private property, paying a
No. 2 (520-ft.) level are 110 feet and 210 feet royalty on the basis of 5 per cent, of the gold won.
east of the shaft respectively, and the syncline In 1898, as the result of a lawsuit, the company
is 150 feet east of the shaft. obtained the right to mine portion of the Last
The strata consist of alternating slates and Chance Company's lease to a depth of 700 feet.
sandstones, which have been stratigraphically cor- In 1896 an agreement with the Llanberris Com-
related with those in the First Chance mine to the pany secured the right to mine on the Sulieman
south of the Big, or No. 9, cross-course. This line of lode above 600 feet.
 64

The company began operations towards the end

here the cap of the fold is flat. A t the 502-ft.
of 1895. Shaft-sinking was carried to a depth of
(No. 3) level the fold occurs in a bed of slate with
12'5 feet by means of a windlass. The erection of
a whim enabled the work to proceed more rapidly, .P
and the shaft was sunk from 12 feet to 18 feet per
week down to 200 feet. The first 160 feet was
through clay and drift, the shaft bottoming in the
worked-out Eureka lead. F r o m 200 feet to the
FIG. 52. Saddle Reef, First Chanc» Mine. No. 5 level,
first opening at 313 feet the rate of sinking was cross-cut west o£E north drive. Scale, 40 ft. to 1 in.
from 3 feet to 9 feet per week. I n August, 1896,
the 352-ft. level was opened, and shortly after- signs of packing, and at the 550-ft. level a roll on
wards the company became self-supporting. the western dip forms the western limb of an
Although the area was a small one, operations by acute fold (Fig. 5 2 ) ; see also the fold at the
the company and tributers were continued with 592-ft. level. Last Chance mine, 200 feet south
f r o m the above (Fig. 57). At the 623-ft.
varying success until 1912.
(No. 5) level a slate bed rises to a
height of 6 feet in the cross-cut forming
a circular cap, underlying a bed of sandstone in
General Structure.
The workings gave a unique insight into the h
structure of the field, as the shaft is less than 100 ^ l ì
feet west of the main anticline, which forms the
western limit of the Indicator auriferous belt.
Although so close to the anticline, and passing FIG. 53. Aqticline, First Chance Mine. No. 5 level.
through the identical beds which carried aurifer- Scab, 40 ft. to 1 in.
ous quartz to the lowest level on the eastern dip, which radial fissures or rifts are well developed.
the shaft failed to locate an auriferous vein to a At this level a cross-cut driven west from the north
depth of 700 feet. The main anticlinal axis, drive at 145 feet beyond the large cross-conirse
which has a westerly list, is 90 feet east of the shows a saddle reef formed on the anticline (Fig.
shaft at the 352-ft. ( N o . 1) level, and 35 feet east 53). A t 410 feet west of the sJiaft the syncline
is well developed, and radial fissures are promi-
nent. The anticline at the 700-ft. level, 35 feet
east of the shaft, occurs in a bed of slate of alter-
nating light and dark layers, and this bed is met
with on the southerly pitch of the fold (1 in 10)
in a cross-cut driven at 6 feet below the south
FIG. 49. Anticline. First Chance Mine. No. 1 level, drive at 110 feet from the shaft.
90 ft. east of shaft. Scale, 40 ft. to 1 in.
Strata.
of the shaft at the 700-ft. level. A t the 352-ft.
The lowermost bed exposed on the anticline, at
( N o . 1) and 623-ft. ( N o . 5) levels, the syncline to
the 700-ft. level, consists of slate, with light and
the west shows at 410 feet, and from this point to
dark layers, and this bed also shows on the east
the western face, at 675 feet from the shaft, the
side of the north drive at 345 feet north-east of the
strata dip east, the Sulieman anticline lying with-
shaft_ after it has been displaced 245 feet by the
in 30 feet of the face. Overthrust beds are rare,
combined action of the two cross-courses.
but they occur at the 623-ft. level in the east cross-
Overlying this slate is a sandstone bed 30 ft.
cut between 100 feet and 150 feet from the shaft.
wide, with several small slate ribs carrying lamin-
The prevalent dip of the eastern limb of the anti-
ated quartz veins and verticals (exposed on both
cline is f r o m 83° to vertical, and that of the
sides of the anticline at the 623-ft. level). This
western from 80° down to 60°.
large sandstone, which reaches the cap of the fold
20 feet above the 550-ft. level, is followed by a bed
The cap of the anticlinal fold is marked by dif-
of slate 8 ft. to 10 ft. wide, above which, f o r 40
ferent features at different positions. The anti-
feet, there are thin beds with several laminated
cline exposed in the No. 1 main cross-cut (352-ft. quartz formations up to 3 in. wide.
level) is of a circular or radial type (Fig. 49),
The sandstones and thin slates are followed by
while at the same level, at 210 feet south of the
a bed of ribbed slate upwards of 40 ft. wide, and
known as the Flucan country or Duchess
Slate. The plat at the 351-ft.'level is cut in
this bed, where it dips west. The same bed
shows at 50 feet to 90 feet west of the shaft at
the 623-ft. level. A t the 550-ft. level the
FIG. 50. Anticline, First Chance Mine. No. 1 level, cross-cut Flucan country occurs on the east side of the
210 ft. south of main cross-cut Scale, 40 ft. to 1 in. fold at from 140 feet to 180 feet from the shaft.
In this slate, which shows at from 140 feet to 180
shaft, the anticline in an eastern cross-cut is more feet east at the 502-ft. level, rich quartz spurs
acute. The observed southerly pitch of this anti- have been worked. At No. 1 level, in the south
cline is V2 feet in the 100 feet (Fig. 50). At cross-cut, the Flucan country shows at from
the 424-ft. ( N o . 2) level the anticline shows in a 70 feet to 110 feet east of the south drive, and a
packed slate, which has wrapped around the rise above the cross-cut broke through into old
broken portions of a sandstone bed C-E'ig- 51) ; workings in the same run of slate. At the 700-ft.
level the Flucan country shows in the east
face at 130 feet from the shaft, the beds being
much compressed below the 502-ft. level.
In the western cross-cuts, at the 352-ft. and
FIG. 61. Anticline, First Chance Mine. No. 2 level, 23 ft. 623-ft. levels, the strata above the Flucan or
west of drive, and 80 ft. east of shaft. Scale, 40 f t to 1 in. Duchess Slate country are exposed. These strata
 214

agree with the main gold-bearing beds on the Auriferous quartz spurs from 1¡ in. to several
eastern dip, but nothing of value was located in feet thick occurred in the east-dipping strata for
either of the cross-cuts. a distance of 200 feet from the anticline. Some
Between 135 feet and 160 feet west of the shaft were confined to a single bed of slate, but others
at the 352-ft. level a hlocky slate occurs, followed were continuous for 20 feet or 30 feet. The gold
by a bed identical with that containing the Indica- contents in quartz spurs intersecting favorable
tor on the east dip. The blocky slate shows at the beds were concentrated at the points of intersec-
623-ft. level at from 250 feet to 270 feet west of tion; this feature was conspicuous in the large
the shaft, and is followed by a black slate J in. sandstone bed between the Nos. 5 and 6 levels.
wide with pyrites at 290 feet. At 320 feet other Gold crystals were common in the quartz spurs in
black slates with small laminated quartz veif^s, contact with certain sandstone beds. Where the
which agree with the Pencil Mark country, occur, quartz spurs on the Flucan were faulted, gold
and the belt of country is repeated between 500 values were highest near the faxdt.
feet and 560 feet from the shaft on the eastern On the Sulieman line of country at 640 feet
beds of the syncline. This belt of country is ex- west of the shaft, a large formation accompanied
po.sed at from 330 feet to 350 feet in the o20-ft. a leather-jacket fault; it consisted of south pitch-
level of the North First Chance workings, where ing blows of quartz upwards of 20 feet wide and
very extensive stoping was carried out on quartz from 10 feet to 20 feet high. Some of the pay-
veins which intersected the bed above the No. 1 able quartz was stoped above the level, and a
level. connexion was made with the old workings of the
Llanberris No. 3 shaft. The main cross-cut
Faults.
passed through a decomposed dyke (the " sedi-
Two leather-jacket faults occur, one at tho 124.-ft. m e n t " ) 8 in. wide at 633 feet; this dyke was
level, and the other at and above the 623-ft. level located in the stopes, but it did not extend further
On reaching the anticline both mefge into slides, than the little cross-course. A striking feature
and the quartz which accompanies the fracture iu in the workings on this lode was the repetition of
the east-dipping strata ceases. The strike of the the main Flucan or Duchess Slate belt of
leather-jackets is north to N. 10° E. At No. 6 the eastern workings, and found in the vicinity
(700-ft. level) a fault in the anticline is almost of the richer stone. The main fault which had
vertical, and strikes parallel to the fold. Slides a strike of N. 5° E., intersected strata striking
along the bedding planes are common; the most north and south; the intersection had a southerly
important fault of this type, known as the pitch to which the shoots of gold conformed.
Flucan, occurs in the eastern workings, and has Owing to the terms of the agreement under which
been followed on account of the enrichment of the the work on this line was carried out, sinking
quartz spurs along its course. below the level could not he undertaken, and the
Two parallel cross-courses (Nos. 9 and 10 of downward extension of the payable st"D6 was left
Lidgey) occur to the north of the shaft on both unworked.
the Sulieman and the main belt of country. The
The following yields were recorded: —
combined horizontal displacement by these cross-
courses was 240 feet, of which 20 feet only is at-
tributable to the smaller, or No. 10; the combined Year. Ore Crushed. Gold Yield.
vertical movement is under 20 feet (see PI. X X ) .

Quartz Formations. tons. oz. d w t . gr.

The quartz occurrences in the mine are remark- 1897 738 491 19 16
1898
able, as practically all the strata on the eastern 967 374 2 18
1899 1,881 58.3 1
dip for a width of 200 feet from the anticline are 1900 2,769
0
740 6 0
favorable for gold, and the quartz spurs are en- 1901 1,448 348 14 0
riched on both sides of the main Flucan, which 1902 4,275 1,954 2 0
lies about the middle of the favorable belt. The 1903 6,169 1,884 4 0
1904 864
chief bodies of quartz w^ere confined to the leather- 1905
244 0 0
6,769 2,650 3 0
jacket faults, but spurs having no connexion with 1906 8,040 3,334 1 0
any faulting were worked. 1907 5,644 1,785 1 0
1908
Large spurs occur both above and below the 3,620 1,188 7 0
1909 2,642 869 4 0
leather-jacket, and these extend into the adjoining 1910 2,652 704 1 0
strata for 50 feet and 60 feet in some places; the 1911 2,635 317 5 0
nearer to the anticline the larger are the quartz 1 9 1 2 (3 quarters) 517 142 1 0
makes.

FIG. 5 4 . First Chance, N o . 6 level, cross-cut east. Scale, 4 0 f t t o l i n .

A t the 700-ft. level a large quartz formation The total output from tliis claim till operations
occurs in the fissured anticline; it was poor at this ceased in 1912 was 81,737 tons, which yielded
point, but when it was followed upwards a leather- 20,418 oz. of gold. Dividends amounted to
jacket was met with, and the formation, when £6,750.
crossing the east-dipping strata, was payable. LAST CHANCE UNITED COMPANY.
In the cross-cut west from the north drive at (PI. X I X . )
the 623-ft. level is a small saddle reef on the The Last Chance United Company, which was
anticline (Fig. 52); this formation is identical
formed in June, 1889, took over the assets of the
with Dunn's lode in the Britannia mine to the
Last Chance Tribute Company, which had been
north, and Robert's lode in the Llanberris mine
registered on the 8th of May, 1882. The previous
to the south.
occupant of the area was the Endeavour Company
 215
which, had begun operations in 1864. Earlier prospecting operations were carried out on the
than this the Last Chance Quartz Mining southern boundary at the 789-ft. level on the veins
Company, formed in 1859, had mined portion of in the neighbourhood of the leather-jacket lode
the area. (Fig. 55). The new company has carried out
The longevity of operations within a compara- systematic search, but so far has failed to locate
tively small area and to a depth of 1,200 feet permanent payable bodies of stone to date, 1916.
only, is one of the striking features of the Balla-
rat East field. F o r a continuous period of nearly Historical.
50 years, f r o m 50 tons to 500 tons of quartz have I n 1887 the mine was being worked by tribu-
been crushed per week. The yield per ton was terà, but this arrangement was not satisfactory,

o
b

markedly different f r o m that in the adjacent and the whole of the mine to the 340-ft. level was
Llanberris mine, but this was accounted f o r by let under a percentage agreement to Henley and
the smaller tonnages put through by the Endea- party. During this year a Government grant was
vour and Last Chance companies.
allotted to the company to enable deeper sinking
F r o m 1882 to 1910 operations were uninter-
rupted, but then ceased while the c o m p a n y re- to he undertaken, and by the end of the year the
constructed. "Work was resumed in 1911 when shaft had reached a depth of 450 feet with a
 216

level opened out at 433 feet. W o r k at the 340- Nos. 6, 5, 4, 3 and 2 levels all supplied crushing
ft. level was confined to Kohert's lode, where the material, a large lode at the No. 4 level yielding
country Was hard and low-grade quartz carrying much ore. Although the tonnage was smaller
dwt. of gold to the ton was worked. B y the the values fluctuated during 1897. Dividends
end of 1887 the company purchased several pri- were paid, and an air compressor, &c., was in-
vate properties, as well as claims held by the Star stalled. B y the end of the year the main shaft
and the Pride of the East Companies, on which had reached a depth of over 1,000 feet, and a
shafts to a depth of 300 feet had been sunk, as cross-cut was opened west at the 985-ft. level. In
the tribute party was successful in locating a body 1898 a large body of payable stone was discovered
of stone 3 ft. to 4 ft. wide, and averaging 10 dwt. at this level, and dividends were again paid after
of gold to the ton at the 340-ft. level. The main they had ceased for six months. During 1899 a
shaft at 370 feet from the surface passed through large output was maintained, but by the end of
a lode 2 ft. wide, underlying west. This was the year the average values fell away and divi-
supposed to be a continuation of the Oregon dends ceased.
lode, which was being successfully worked in the
Britannia mine on the north. I n 1900 the main shaft was sunk to 1,085 feet,
and a cross-cut was driven west to intersect the
In 1888 several additional freeholds were lode, which had gone underfoot at the 985-ft.
added to the company's area, and work at the level. This cross-cut, however, did not meet with
433-ft. and 340-ft. levels was prosecuted with the result anticipated, and towards the end of
vigour. At 155 feet west of the shaft the 433 ft. 1901 a rise above the 1,085-ft. level proved that
( N o . 3 ) level passed through a big body of only a thin crust of quartz lay below the 985-ft.
quartz (Meanowski's lode) with much water, and level. A n intermediate level below the 985-ft.
west of this the " pug " and flat veins. Drives level was opened early in 1902, and a small divi-
were put in north and south on this formation, dend was paid from an increased gold yield, but
and meanwhile the cross-cut west was extended to this success was not continuous throughout the
cut the Indicator. Meanowski's lode jáelded year. Prospecting operations were carried on in
good returns f o r several years. a block of ground secured from the Llanberris
Company, but before any payable formation was
I n July, 1889, the Last Chance Tribute Com- found a large flow of water necessitated the build-
pany was wound up, and the Last Chance United ing of a brick dam and the cessation of work in
Company was formed to work the area. The the cross-cut. Fair stone was crushed during 1903
340-ft. ( N o . 2 ) level was now worked on wages, and 1904, but the results did not cover working
while the 433-ft. level was let on tribute. During expenses, and calls were therefore made. I n 1905
the half-year ending November, 1890, the first the shaft was deepened another 100 feet, and a
dividend of Is. a share was disbursed. Large level was opened at 1,192 feet. Trial crushings
bodies of ore were opened up and crushed during from two makes of quartz passed through in
succeeding years, and occasional dividends were sinking yielded 2^ dwt. of gold to the ton.
paid. In 1889 the shaft was deepened, and early
in 1890 the 494-ft. ( N o . 4) level was opened. I n 1906 a level was opened at 789 feet, and a
Towards the end of 1890 a big lode was inter- western cross-cut Avas put in from which a rise
sected at the 494-ft. level. During 1891 the 592- connected by means of an intermediate level to a
ft. (No. 5) level was opened. The mine at this winze below the Eirst Chance 700-ft. level; tliis
time looked remarkably well, large bodies of pay- udnze was 22 feet in depth, and at 25 feet to the
able ore being worked at several levels, and regu- west of it a make of stone, yielding 6 dwt. of gold
lar dividends being paid. The battery was not per ton, was found. The intermediate drive was
of sufficient capacity for handling large quan- on the western side of the anticline, and the bulk
tities of ore, and it was therefore enlarged towards of the ore was unpayable. Work in this part of
the end of 1892. A n increased tonnage was then the mine ceased at the end of 1907.
dealt with for fair average results.
A rise was put up on the Pug lode at the 789-ft.
level; the quartz below the slide was poor, but at
I n 1893 a new formation 5 ft. wide was dis-
45 feet it carried a little visible gold along the
covered in the 592-ft. level. More freeholds were
slide, although it was unpayable. A t N o . 2 rise,
purchased, and notwithstanding loss during the
170 feet further south, some strong quartz veins
financial crisis in the Colony at that time the
carrying good gold values were worked, while the
mine continued to pay dividends. During this
south drive was being repaired and a cross-cut
year a formation 10 ft. wide at the N o . 5 level
driven east to work the same line of country. A
yielded 14 dwt. of gold to the ton. Payable
few small quartz veins, carrying gold, was inter-
quartz was worked at the Nos. 2, 3, 4 and 5 levels,
sected by the cross-cut. I n 1909 Nos. 1 and 2
and an additional ten heads of stampers were
rises were connected by an intermediate level, and
added to the battery. Early in 1894 the shaft
large formations carrying fair values were stoped
was deepened and the N o . 6 level was opened be-
for a couple of years. The cross-cuts f r o m the
fore the end of the year. New winding gear and
main south level disclosed large quartz spurs and
steel ropes were added during this term.
formations up to 40 ft. wide; trial crushings from
these sometimes gave payable results, which, how-
In 1895 larger quantities of quartz were ever, were not maintained when stoping began.
crushed, and the average value per ton began to
fall away. Dividends, however, were paid regu-
larly. Portions of the mine below the 433-ft. Structure.
level were now let on tribute. During 1896 both The Last Chance mine, together with the ad-
tonnage and gold yield began to decrease, and jacent Eirst Chance and North First Chance
consequently dividends were irregular. The mines, affords a section extending from the anti-
shaft was deepened to 888 feet early in 1897, and cline east of the Indicator belt to a consider-
a chamber was cut at that depth. In 1896 the able distance west of the Sulieman anticline (Fig.
 217
56). This is the best available section illnstrative 1,192-ft. level, but this is apparently only a minor
of the structure of the Ballarat East field.
roll. N o pitch is noticeable on any of the folds.

Sin of Sliafl 1371.70a

' bovi Sea level. nf Shraft B74.[17a
' b;iv8 Sta Itvi. Sil if Shafl 133l.44a
' !nin Sea Inel

Fia. 56. Generalized aaction of the Ballarat East Goldfield. Scale : 300 ft. to 1 in.

The chief structural feature in the Last Chance Faults.

mine is the main anticline at 490 feet west of the
Good examples of both strike and dip faults
shaft at the 592-ft. level. This fold, which is
occur in the mine. The pug, leather-jacket,
named the First Chance or Indicator anticline,
or slide associated with the main quartz occur-
has a marked westerly list, but not so marked as
rence in the mine is a west-dipping fault agreeing
roughly with the strike of the strata. Above the
889-ft. level a felsite dyke often accompanies the
fault, but does not always keep in contact vdth it,
being somewhat erratic in its course and having
a tendency to assume a more vertical course as in
FIG. 57. Anticline, Last Chance Mine. No. 5 Level, the stopes above the 789-ft. level. A parallel
570 ft. west of shaft. Seals : 40 ft. to 1 in. leather-jacket 400 feet east of the pug
crosses the shaft below the 789-ft. level, and is
in the mines to the north. I t is exposed at 570 seen at 190 feet west of the shaft at the 1,085-ft.
feet west of the shaft at the 789-ft. level, and at level. Some quartz is associated with this fault,
620 feet west at the 985-ft. level; at the latter but the amount is negligible, as this part of its
point it was intersected by the main leather- course is located in west-dipping strata. Below
jacket fault Cthe Pug or Britannia lode), which the 1,192-ft. level this fault vdll enter east-dipping
carried a large body of highly payable quartz. beds, and the quartz occurrences should be of
Under the leather-jacket (slide) the anticline larger dimensions.
shows at 640 feet west of the shaft at the 1,085-ft. Another type of strike faults, the piths, are
level, and at 650 feet west at the 1,192-ft. level. true slides agreeing in strike and dip with the
enclosing strata. These are usually met with in
The syncline to the east of the First Chance or the vertical beds forming the eastern limb of the
Indicator anticline shows at 225 feet west of anticline. The amount of displacement of the
the shaft at the 690-ft. level, and at 275 feet west quartz spurs by these piths varies, but they sel-
at the bottom or 1,192-ft. level. The list of the dom amount to more than a few feet. Gold values
synclinal axis is less rapid than that of the anti- occur in the vicinity of the piths, which are re-
cline. garded as of the nature of indicators, but no rela-
East of the syncline an anticline, which was tionship can be assigned to the feature, as the
met with only in this mine and in the Britannia piths are in every instance of later age than ths
and Victoria United mines to the north, shows in quartz veins in which the gold occurs.
the plat at the 592-ft. level; it has a westerly list Two well-marked parallel dip faults (cross-
to 120 feet west of the shaft at the 1,192-ft. level. courses) pass through the mine workings. The
There is a small syncline to the east of the eastern movement on these faults varies considerably. On
anticline at 40 feet west of the shaft at the the small cross-course the heave is 20 feet, with a
 218

throw of 10 feet, while on the large cross-course rise cut the large flat formation mentioned above,
60 feet to the north the heave is 240 feet. A s the and provided an easier means of handling the ore.
movement is a horizontal one, the throw is ap- During 1895 the large flat formation and
parently negligible, but as little work was in pro- smaller quartz veins yielded ore of variable quality.
gress at the time of the survey in this vicinity, Early in 1896, the veins became smaller, but to-
the amount could not be ascertained. It is note- wards the end of the year the extension of the
worthy, however, that, in the upper levels in this south drive proved veins from 2 feet to 5 feet
mine, the lodes, as worked north of the big wide, which yielded from 5 dwt. to 15 dwt. of
cross-course, were not the displaced lodes, but that gold to the ton. North of the cross-cut the
owing to the faulting, lines to the west of those quartz worked in the stopes was small, but of fair
driven on the south side were brought nearly quality. From 1896 till the end of 1901, con-
opposite by the movement of the fault. tinuous work was carried out at this level by
drives and stopes on flat quartz veins, which were
Quartz Occurrences. payable though small at times. The greater part
Lodes and spurs in association with the pug or of the work was north of the main cross-cut.
leather-jackets; spurs irregularly distributed; Towards the end of 1901 operations were resumed
and verticaJs or laminated bedded lodea are the in the south end on fair-sized bodies of payable
quartz occurrences in this mine. quartz which gave remunerative results until work
in the level was finally suspended towards the end
The bulk of the gold won has come from the of 1904.
one leather-j acket lode, which, dipping west,
has cut through east-dipping strata to about 300 lfS3-ft. {No. 3) Level.—\Yovk at this level com-
feet, and the lode to this point was proved pay- menced at the end of 1887 by cross-cutting west,
able by the early companies. West-dipping strata a 2-ft, lode underlying west, having been cut in
followed to near 500 feet, no values showing in- the shaft at 30 feet below the No. 2 level. At
the lode, and then east-dipping strata to just be- 155 feet west of the shaft the cross-cut intersected
low the 985-ft. level, with alternating rich and a big formation with much water, and west of this
poor formations. The richer ore was above the the " pug " with flat quartz veins. Drives north
689-ft. level in the vicinity of the Indicator; and south were opened out at 140 feet from the
above the 789-ft. level on the western Indicator, shaft. Towards the end of 1888 a trial crush-
and at the 985-ft. level, near the anticline. The ing from the north drive yielded 10 dwt. of gold
width of payable quartz, details of which are per ton; the lode was named the Meanowski lode
given below, varies. after the chairman of the company. A tribute
party extending the north drive on this lode
Details of Workings. worked the quartz veins to a width of 25 ft.,
and obtained an average of 8-| dwt. of gold to
260-ft. {No. 1) Level.—Work at this level ceased
the ton. After twelve months' work, Grainger
early in 1887, no success attending the efforts of
and party found that the country became harder,
the tributers in extending their cross-cut 120 feet
and that the stone pinched, so that when the com-
during the half-year.
pany was re-organized in July, 1889, the tributers
Slfi-ft. {No. 2) ZeyeL—Working on Roberts' gave up. Wages men now took the tributers'
lode during the early part of 1887, the tributers place and extended the north drive chiefly in
found the country hard. Trial crushings gave slate country, following the pug to the big
only 2| dwt. of gold per ton, but before the end cross-course at 674 feet north of the cross-cut.
of the year the quartz widened to 3 feet or 4 feet Soon after the mine had been taken over from the
and averaged 10 dwt. of gold per ton. In 1888, tributers the stone in the south end at No. 3
it averaged 8^ dwt. A main rise was repaired up level, which had yielded so well and which ranged
to the SSO-ft. level for an air course, and a winze from 20 ft. to 30 ft. wide, pitched underfoot.
was sunk below the level on a shoot of stone which In 1891 the drive was extended north of the
was described as follows in the manager's report: cross-course on the course of the lode. For over
— " This lode (Roberts') is of a saddle formation, 300 feet the lode was 3 ft. to 8 ft. wide and pay-
and is 6 ft. wide, with here and there a horse of able, and quartz veins, from 4 in. to 1 ft. 6 in.
slate between the stone." This stone yielded 6 wide carrying good gold, extended upwards of
dwt. of gold per ton. The western country at 20 feet from the hanging wall. Stoping north
No. 2 level was prospected during 1888 by Ruck- and south of the big cross-course supplied payable
man and party, but was found to be poor. Davis ore. Between the two cross-courses {i.e., south
and party worked the Meanowski lode at No. 2 of the big cross-course) the lode varied from 3 ft.
level with fair results; meanwhile a prospecting to 6 ft. wide, and veins extended 30 feet into the
drive for the Oregon lode was put in. hanging wall; stopes to a height of 60 feet sup-
In July, 1889, the tribute arrangement ceased, plied good payable stone during 1891. North
and the level was worked on wages. A drive was of the big cross-course, ore 25 ft. wide was stoped
extended along a large body of stone dipping 20 feet high in the same period. The size and
underfoot going south, but, as this formation was value of the lode in the stopes were maintained
more easily worked from the stopes above No. 3 till the middle of 1893, when the ore became poor
level. No. 2 level was abandoned until it was and work was confined to the quartz spurs only.
repaired in 1892. The north drive was extended Attention was also paid to a make of flat quartz
through the big cross-course, on the north veins 150 feet west of the big lode which was
side of which a lode was found, but it giving good returns. These flat veins and the
was poor. B y driving east 50 feet payable spurs west of the big lode were worked till the
stone was intersected, pitching fast to the south. middle of 1896, but, as a rule, with rather poor
The stopes provided plenty of ore, and five parties results.
of tributers were at work on the level for many
Early in 1901 work was resumed at this level;
months. Towards the end of 1893 a flat make of
the cross-cut was cleaned out and extended to
quartz, about 2 ft. wide, was being blocked for a
intersect the extension of the belt of country
length of 50 feet south of the cross-cut. North of
which was then being so profitably worked by the
the big cross-course plentiful, but poor, ore was
First Chance Company. Results were unsatis-
found. In the south workings a cross drive and
factory, and by the end of 1902 connexion was
 219
made to the First Chance mine on a vein vhich in 1904, and further prospecting in the south end
was unprofitable in the Last Chance mine, though of the mine was carried on, but although large
remunerative in the First Chance. Twelve formations in promising ground were opened and
months' prospecting failed to open up payable tried, nothing payable was found and the leAel
veins. A rise was put up on the Indicator was abandoned in 1905.

00
iO
2
fa
 220

i.9i.-ft. (No. li) Level.—Wox'k at this depth 592-ft. (No. 5) Level.—Operations at this level
began in 1890. A t 170 feet west of the shaft began about September, 1891; the west cross-cut
this cross-cut passed through the pug which, at 200 feet f r o m the shaft passed through a lode
however, was not associated with quartz at this formation, on which a drive north proved a body
point. A drive south was started on the pug of well-mineralized quartz f o r a distance of over
and leaders were soon found. I n the main cross- 200 feet, yielding f r o m 4 dwt. to 8 dwt. of gold
cut west of the pug a big lode 40 feet wide to the ton. During 1892 ore 1 ft. 6 in. wide, and
was discovered; the first 20 feet was very poor carrying 8 dwt. of gold to the ton, was blocked
" buckstone," which was followed by well out in the north drive at 229 feet f r o m the cross-
mineralized quartz averaging 3 dwt. to 6 dwt.
cut.
of gold to the ton in the drives north and south
for 80 feet. A b o u t 100 feet south of the cross-
During 1893 the main cross-cut was extended
cut a big body of quartz came into the drive; this
continued to 340 feet. Stoping from an inter- f r o m 400 feet to 650 feet. I t passed through
mediate level proved a lode up to 30 ft. wide several bodies of quartz, drives on which gave
averaging 6 dwt. to 8 dwt. of gold to payable yields until the stone pitched underfoot;
the ton. The main north drive on the one make 10 ft. wide yielded 14 dwt. of gold to
course of the lode was extended to 415 the ton. The main north drive carried a forma-
feet, and a cross-cut was put in to intersect tion 14 ft. wide, and payable as far as the little
the shoot of gold which pitched underfoot f r o m cross-course; the stopes also yielded plenty of
No. 3 level north. The main drive carried a lode good crushing material. On the little cross-course
8 ft. wide which showed gold in breaking beyond a drive put in east passed through a vein 10 in.
the little cross-course. After passing the big wide, showing good gold before it stopped 120
cross-course the lode was 6 ft. wide and con- feet east of the main north drive. North of the
sisted of quartz and slate with quartz veins going big cross-course the lode in the drive was small
into the hanging wall; these veins were 4 in. to for about 100 feet. Drives north on the western
1 ft. 6 in. wide and carried good gold values. lode proved a quartz reef 4 ft. wide, but yielding
By the end of 1892 the north drive had reached only 2 dwt. of gold to the t o n ; a trial crushing
a point 940 feet from the cross-cut; the lode f r o m an opening to the south gave 5 dwt. to
ranged from 2 ft. to 6 ft. wide, but was small the ton. The south drives on the big lode, which
in the face. Stopes on the lode and veins sup- was 20 ft. to 30 ft. wide, yielded plenty of quartz.
plied plenty of crushing material, some of the Several rises were put up and connected to the
veins being worked 100 feet west of the lode still N o . 4 level. During 1895 the lode above the N o .
carrying gold. 5 level averaged 30 ft. vñde. N o r t h of the little
cross-course the lode averaged 20 ft. wide of pay-
In 1893 blocking on the veins had reached 130 able ore. I n 1896 a drive was put in north and
feet west of the main lode, the stopes on which south on the Indicator line on quartz f r o m 2 ft.
to 3 ft. wide, with veins going into the hanging
were now about 40 feet high. B y the close of
wall, and carrying good gold.
1893 the block of quartz between the cross-courses
was stoped above No. 4 level through to No. 3
level. A little stoping only was done north of Several drives east and west of the pug
the big cross-course, but south of the little cross- were extended during succeeding years, and large
course stoping was carried on till the end of 1896 bodies of quartz, some of low grade, were worked.
on a lode from 20 ft. to 30 ft. wide; and veins During 1899 the stopes at the south end yielded
from 6 in. to 2 ft. wide, which in the hanging large quantities of low-gi-ade ore as a rule, but
wall extended 40 feet to 50 feet from the lode, rich spurs on the hanging wall helped to main-
carried good gold values. Subsequently the lode tain a payable average till the end of 1903. In
in the stopes became smaller and poorer, but the 1904 the south stopes were connected with the
veins maintained a good average value. The ore Llanberris N o . 1 mine, but the ore was poor, and
prospecting showed no improvement.
in the south end remained about payable till the
end of 1899, but that in the northern stopes was
689-ft. (No. 6) ieveZ.—Work began at this level
irregular and poor, and although prospecting was
during the latter part of 1894. A t 210 feet west
carried out nothing payable was located after
of the shaft the cross-cut intersected a formation
.Tune, 1898, till work ceased three years later.
The south stopes were connected with the Llan- 60 feet wide, consisting of quartz, intermixed with
berris N o 1 Company's workings towards the end slate and sandstone, which gave a little gold on
of 1891, but the value of the stone was so poor breaking. A t 270 feet the pug was struck, and
that these stopes were abandoned and work in to the west of it was 33 feet of lode formation; a
the northern drive was resumed in 1902, when a drive north was put in on the pug, and at 90 feet
rise was put up 160 feet from, a point 800 feet in, a horse of mullock was found to split the lode,
north of the cross-cut. In this rise, which con- but at 300 feet the formation consisted of 6 feet
nected with N o . 2 level, unpayable quartz was to 10 feet of well-mineralized, poor quartz. An
found. A cross-cut was driven 140 feet to inter- intermediate level above the main level was opened
sect a body of stone left some years before, but f r o m a winze (sunk from N o . 5 level), about 120
when this was intersected early in 1903 it was feet south of the little cross-course; the interme-
found to be p o o r ; it improved" as work proceeded, diate level was connected with N o . 6 level by a
but failed to become payable. In the south end rise, north of which a drive was put in along a
some veins were worked v/hich carried good gold lode 10 feet to 12 feet thick, and showing gold on
for a time during 1903. In 1904 the main west breaking, but several trial crushings yielded only
cross-cut was extended, and several bodies of 2 dwt. to 3 dwt. of gold per ton; this poor quartz
quartz, which on testing proved unpayable were continued north through the little cross-course to
passed through, but nothing payable was dis- the big cross-course, north of which the country
covered. The cross-cut was stopped at 540 feet was broken. The ore in the stopes was low-grade,
from the shaft in May, 1905, and a risB was put but it improved as it was worked higher; the
up to intersect the First Chance belt of flat vein stopes ranged up to 30 feet wide, and yielded a
r-ountry. gradually falling return until the middle of the
year 1901, when stoping was suspended.
 221
A drive South on the east side of the puo-
The pug or leather-jacket lode in the south
was started in 1895 on a flat body between 2 £t.
drive cut across the strata obliquely for 130 feet.
and 3 ft. wide, whioh yielded 3^ dwt. of gold to
It then turned and followed the strike of the
the ton for about 60 feet. Later, this drive was
extended 50 feet on a good payable lode, from 3 ft. strata, which was here dragged to the west, and
to 10 ft. wide, which continued to 190 feet, when carried a more spurry formation. A t the bend
the stone became small. In 1898, a south drive in the strike a winze was put down to the 889-ft.
also was put in west of the p u g ; the stopes on level. A rise 45 feet south of the winze was put
both these drives carried fair bodies of ore. A t 183 up on the leather-jacket for 45 feet, and a cross-cat
feet south the drive on west side of the pug east 60 feet from the top of the rise proved pay-
carried an ore body of fair value, but the quality able quartz 20 ft. wide on the western indicator
was not maintained. I n 1890', some small flat country, which extended up to the leather-j acket,
quartz veins on the Indicator yielded some nug- and was stoped 60 feet north and 30 feet south.
gety gold; during the week ending lOtli September,
1900, nuggets weighing 143 oz. were won, but the A t 25 feet north of the rise a cross-cut, the No.
ensuing operations were unsuccessful. The drive 1 east, was put in for a distance of 90 feet pass-
east of the pug was extended to 278 feet south, ing through quartz 20 ft. wide under the leather-
and the drive west of it to 249 feet south of the jacket. From the face a rise was put up for 30
cross-cut, but neither face came up to expectations. feet, and from the top of it a cross-cut east put
Towards the end of 1902 a winze was sunk on the in, which intersected a make of quartz 30 ft, wide
Indicator from this level f o r a depth of 15 feet, carrying much arsenical pyrites on the Big
and a patch of coarse gold was obtained from a Slate 15 feet to 35 feet west of the Indica-
small quartz vein. This vein gave fair ore, but tor. Payable values were obtained to a height
no coarse gold, for the following six months; it of 20 feeL The cross-cut was connected north
was worked by imderhand stoping until about with a rise over the main cross-cut at 300 feet west
May, 1904. The method of working was not ad- of the shaft during 1916. Southwards the stopes
vantageous, and when the stone became no longer connected to a rise over the No. 2 cross-cut, which
profitable, work was resumed in the intermediate had been driven east from the main drive at 240
level north, but nothing payable rewarded a year's feet south of the cross-cut. The No. 2 cross-cut
prospecting. A rise was put up south of the main passed through several large bodies of quartz
cross-cut in 1905, but it failed to intersect any (Fig. 55). A t 60 feet east of the main drive
quartz. On the western slates, driving, stoping, a drive south at 90 feet connected with the Llan-
and blocking on small irregular veins of variable berris No. 1 workings, and near the south face
quality was carried on from 1904. a cross-cut east (the No. 3) passed through, only
a few spurs in a length of 100 feet, the face being
I n 1912, the drive north on .the leather-jacket near the line of the Indicator slates. In the
lode, 300 feet west of the shaft, was repaired. A t stopes, above the N o . 2 cross-cut, an eastern
leather-jacket with a felsite dyke (a split) was
90 feet north a cross-cut west was connected with,
encountered. (Fig. 55.)
the First Chance mine. The main level was driven
northerly for 420 feet before bearing north-
westerly to the large cross-course at 550 feet. A North f r o m the cross-cut at 380 feet from the
drive was put in 270 feet along the large cross- shaft a drive was started to the east of the leather-
course without intersecting any quartz of payable jacket on a make of highly mineralized quartz,
value. assays of the mineral from which yielded over 9
oz. of gold to the ton. In the drive the mineral
7S9-/Ì. Level (No. 7 Level).—TM^ level was seam gave out, and the drive at 150 feet met the
opened in 1906, and a cross-cut was driven west main or western wall of the leather-jacket,
for 660 feet. A t 60 feet from the shaft quartz which was then driven on to the little cross-course.
spurs occur, associated with the anticline, and on Clean strata were driven through between the
these spurs drives north and south were put in. little cross-course and the big one, which was cut
Quartz 20 ft. wide was proved in the south drive, at 350 feet north. On the north side of the big
and yields approaching payable were obtained in cross-course a large quartz spur was cut in west
1914. A rise was put up 35 feet above the south dipping strata. A drive along the cross-course
drive on quartz veins, which were poor. at 30 feet passed through the anticline, which was
exposed in the main cross-cut 570 ft. west of the
"West dipping strata were passed through to shaft, and beyond which vertical strata occurred
230 feet, where a syncline occurred, beyond which up to the leather-jacket at 240 feet from the
the beds ranged f r o m 80° east to vertical. At drive. By driving 50 feet on the leather-jacket,
370 feet a flat slide, at times associated with poor quartz was proved, and work ceased in 1916.
much quartz and highly mineralized, was cut at
410 feet, the main slide leather-jacket with On the west side of the anticline a drive north
1 foot of decomposed dyke rock dipping 45° west, was put in from the big cross-course, and at 180
and accompanied by a lode 6 feet wide, was cut feet the workings of the Britannia Company on
and driven on for 110 feet north and 250 feet Dunn's lode were holed through to. A rise
south. above this drive connected with the 700-ft. level
of the First Chance mine. Some spurs occurring
To a point 500 feet from the shaft the strata, in centre country were tested, but proved no more
though forming the eastern limb of the anticline, than payable, and so work in this part of the
dip 70° to 85° west. Beyond this the beds dip mine ceased during the latter part of 1916.
east up to the anticline at 570 feet in the cross-
cut. A t 590 feet a rise over the cross-cut in west 889-ft. {No. 8) Level.—^Work at this level be-
dipping strata connects to the winze workings gan at the end of 1897. By the end of May,
below the 700-ft. level in the First Chance mine. 1899, the west cross-cut had reached a total length
"West dipping strata extend to the face at 660 of 565 feet, passing through a lode at 530 feet,
feet. on which drives were put in north and south; at
 222

130 feet the north drive intersected a slide bear- from the quartz veins adjoining the main lode.
ing north-east, on which a strong body of stone A small vertical lode in the south end yielded
occurred showing gold. A winze below this level fair returns for a couple of years. Early in
connected to the stopes above the 985-ft. level. 1904 the north main drive was extended into the
The north drive to 354 feet from the cross-cut Town Hall reserve on favorable country with
carried abundant ore, trial crushings from which quartz veins, but trial crushings proved the stone
were poor. Six months' prospecting failed to very poor. A rise above this north drive passed
locate payable ore in the large formation, but through flat bodies showing galena and blackjack
early in 1901 a series of flat ore bodies in the at 84 feet above the drive. A cross-cut from the
western end of the cross-cut was found to be of north drive proved poor flat bodies, and a rise of
good quality, though small. The drive north on 60 feet failing to meet with better grade ore,
the big formation was extended at the end of operations ceased in this portion of the mine
1903, but the quartz gave out and nothing pay- during 1905.
able was found. A drive south was put in 250
feet, and a cross-cut 175 feet west from this point The south drive was connected to the Llan-
passed through slate and sandstone with quartz berris No. 1 workings in 1903, and a cross-cut
veins too small for working. A cross-cut east west was started on the boundary to intersect the
put in opposite the western cross-cut met with lode then being worked by the Llanberris No. 1
poor quartz; a rise from this cross-cut at 90 feet Company. Wlien found, this lode proved to con-
intersected quartz identical with that being sist of 4 ft. wide of vertical quartz and 4 ft. of
worked at the 828-ft. level in the Llanberris No. veins and crushing material on either wall, and
1 mine. South from the top of the rise the
trial crushings yielded 6 dwt. of gold to the ton.
make of stone proved to be 60 ft. wide, and a
About 25 feet further west a drive was put in south
main drive was opened out north, but the stone
on another body of quartz, which gave 7 dwt. of
was found to be poorer, though plentiful. To
gold to the ton where intersected, but the quartz
the southern boundarv, 60 feet from the rise, the
became poor before pitching underfoot, while in
ore in the level and in the stopes above was pay-
the north drive, on the same body, it proved poor
able for 60 ft., the full width of the formation,
after 50 feet. A cross-cut west from the main
by the close of 1905.
south drive near the southern boundary intersected
a large formation at 120 feet.
Stoping on the big lode above the main level
gave poor results, and operations were suspended
1,085-ft. (No. 10) Level—The sinking of the
towards the middle of 1905.
main shaft and the opening out of this level were
completed about the middle of 1900. The large
986-ft. {No. 9) Level.—Cross-cutting west at formation being worked at the level above led to
this level began in 1897, shortly before No. 8 great expectations for a development in this cross-
level was opened. A t 60 feet from the shaft cut. At 630 feet from the shaft a lode 12 ft. wide
a body of poor ston« 3 ft. wide was passed was intersected, but it proved to be poor. A
through. Early in 1898, at 500 feet from the south drive on this lode, with cross-cuts at inter-
shaft, a strong lode formation was found; it was vals, was put in without success, and a rise was
24 feet wide with flat veins coming in from the started to intersect the ore body left underfoot in
hanging-wall side, and, taken as a body, it aver- the level above; for 94 feet it passed through clean
aged 7 dwt. of gold to the ton. A drive was country, and then it was found that a thin crust
opened north on this lode, and meanwhile the
of quartz remained below the 986-ft. level. Cross-
cross-cut was extended west to the western boun-
cuts from the rise failed to locate any ore, but an
dary of the lease. The drive north on the lode
east cross-cut from a point 100 feet south in the
proved the formation to be 50 ft. wide and pay-
intermediate level (20 feet below the 986-ft. level)
able from wall to wall at 70 feet north, and a
proved the lode-formation to be 50 ft. wide and
drive south proved it to be 20 ft. wide at 170
payable, 183 tons yielding 82 oz., an average of
feet south. Above these drives the lode averaged
9 dwt. per ton. This ore body pitched fast to the
7 dwt. of gold to the ton for two stopes in height,
and for its full width. The north drive inter- south. The main south drive was then extended,
sected the little cross-course at 272 feet, and and a rise was put up at 350 feet. For 50 feet
proved a strong lode on the north side of it. the rise passed through clean country, then 45 feet
of quartz, which an intermediate level and cross-
cuts proved to be poor. From the main or No. 1
No. 2 drive north was put in from the cross-cut
rise an intermediate, at 50 feet above the 1,085-ft.
on the west side of the lode, which was then taken
level, passed through over 50 feet of quartz carry-
out 55 feet, the full width between the drives.
ing only 1 dwt. of gold to the ton. In 1903 stop-
Two parallel drives were driven south on the ing and blocking from the rise in the south end
lode, and early in 1899 a large quantity of pay- proved the lode to carry a strong but very poor
able ore was taken out between them, as well formation; this work was continued for a year
as from the stopes above. without better results, but then the ore improved,
and payable crushings were obtained from the
intermediate levels till 1909, when flat quartz
The north drive was carried on in the big
lode as far as the big cross-course, where a cross- veins were chiefly operated on for about twelve
cut was started east to pick up the displaced lode. months.
A t 115 feet in the cross-cut a poor and much
broken formation was driven on. The stopes 1,192-ft. {No. 11) Level—This level was opened
over the main level became poorer as risen on, early in 1906, when a cross-cut west was put in.
and towards the end of 1899 the average yield At 70 feet from the shaft quartz spurs in east-
fell to dwt. of gold to the ton, which was just dipping strata were met with and driven on.
about payable, the width of lode being 50 ft. and
the shoot 380 ft. long. Large bodies of low- At 120 feet west an anticline was passed
grade quartz were worked till the close of 1901, through, and at 225 feet a strong fault in west-
when the tributers secured a few better returns
dipping beds, carrying numerous mineralized
 223
veins, w p met with. Between 270 feet and 280
LLANBEREIS NO. 1 COMPANY.
feet vertical quartz veins in the syncline, and f o r m -
ing on a west-dipping slide, were cut, and drives (PI. XXI.)
were put in f o r 50 feet to the north, and f o r 130 History.
feet to the south. I n the cross-cut three quartz
veins yielded dwt. to the ton in June, 1906, The Llanberris N o . 1 Company, a tribute from
p d when opened out north and south the value the Llanberris Company, was formed in 1887. It
improved to 7 dwt. T h e gold values lasted f o r a acquired f r o m the parent company the Red Streak
length of 150 feet, and extended into the stopes shaft, which had been used as far back as 1858,
above the level before the end of 1906, when the and its chief object at the date of formation was
values fell away. the deeper working of the Indicator line and
the Roberts' lode belt of country. I n carrying out
this scheme, a large formation, associated with a
Clean strata, standing almost vertical, were leather-jacket, was intersected at the 630-ft. level
passed through in the cross-cut to 620 feet f r o m in 1892, and the Indicator and Roberts' lodes
the shaft, when another make of quartz spurs, were neglected. The quantity of stone treated to
averaging 8 ft. wide of quartz, was cut and fol- date is considerable. The bulk of it came from
lowed at 650 feet by the First Chance anticline. above the 1,128-ft. level. The fact that mining
On these spurs drives north and south were within the area has been almost continuous during
opened, and the quartz was proved to be worth the past fifty years serves to indicate the extent of
5 dwt. to the ton by a trial crushing. Here drives the quartz formations.
10 feet north and 45 feet south were put in before
the reef was abandoned as not payable.

At 700 feet west of the shaft the little cross- Structure.

course was passed through, and west-dipping strata
continued up to the face at 755 feet f r o m the shaft. The present accessible workings are, for the most
At 620 feet a rise was put up on the reef to a part, in the eastern limb of an anticlinal fold,
height of 10 feet before work ceased at this level and little work has been carried out east of the
early in 1907. I n May, 1908, work was again syncline or west of the anticline.
resumed at this level, but the operations were not
successful, and after a short period all the work
at this depth ceased in 1909, since when the level
has remained under water.

F i o . 59. A n t i c l i n e , Llanberris N o . 1 Mine, N o . 7 level,

2 4 5 f t . west of r h a f t . Scale, 4 0 f t . t o 1 in.
Gold Yields.
The anticline is of importance, as Roberts'
Year.
Ore
Gold Yield. Remarks.
lode, which proved so profitable in the Llanberris
Crushed.
Company's mine, was located on it.^ The anti-
tons. OZ. dwt. gr-
clinal axis has a westerly list; at the 400-ft. ( N o .
1887 . . 2,796 1,036 0 18 1) level the centre is 90 feet west of the shaft, and
1888 . . 3,299 1,021 10 0 at the 1,228-ft. ( N o . 9) level the centre is 300 feet
1889 .. 2,253 4 0
6,213 west. ' P a r t of the apparent list is accounted f o r
1890 .. 3,862 1,209 1 0
1891 .. 4,785 7 0
by the leather-jacket faults, but the true list is
14,290
1892 .. 16,023 5,598 14 0 indicated by comparing the positions of the anti-
1893 .. 22,616 7,741 6 6 clinal fold with those of the Indicator at
1894 .. 9,135 2,992 7 12 various levels. The " Indicator," which is nearly
1895 .. 24,992 7,419 4 15
vertical, is 80 feet east of the shaft at the 728-ft.
1896 .. 19,146 5,914 3 18
1897 .. 14,472 5,559 10 12 ( N o . 4 ) level, and 60 feet east at the 928-ft. ( N o .
1898 .. 18,426 6,451 13 9 6) level, the lowest depth at which it can be recog-
1899 .. 12,641 4,186 6 0 nised; M o w this level the Indicator folds under
1900 .. 4,317 18 0
16,857 a syncline. The general dip of the eastern limb,
1901 .. 15,063 3,256 12 0
1902 .. 19,620 4,391 19 0
of the anticline is vertical, but in some places,
1903 .. 14,474 2,676 13 0 away f r o m the influence of the leather-jackets, the
1904 .. 13,528 2,292 17 0 dip is slightly to the west.
1905 .. 70,701 2,287 10 0 23 feet to ton
1907 .. 9,441 1,953 18 13
1908 .. 7,353 1,815 16 6 The synclinal axis has a most marked westerly
1909 .. 7,052 1,890 6 0
list, the trough being exposed at 64 feet east of the
1910 .. 652 172 10 0
1911 .. 945 233 3 0 H a l l year shaft at the 1,128-ft. level, and at 35 feet east at
1912 .. 3,256 554 12 0 the 1,228-ft. ( N o . 9 ) level. The fold pitches
1913 .. 432 166 4 0 T o n n a g e not c o m p l e t e south at 5° at the 1,128-ft. level. West of the
1914 .. 2,938 560 19 0
Indicator, the Big Slate (the Blocky Slate of
1915 .. 3,009 498 1 0
1916 .. 2,154 508 16 0 the N e w Normanb^y) is visible f r o m the 400-ft.
( N o . 1 ) level to the syncline at the 1,128-ft. ( N o .
9) level. The Indicator will reach the syncline
at about 1,110 feet.
The total value of gold obtained to the end of
December, 1916, was £396,809 19s.
The chief gold-bearing belt of strata in this
"Wages paid £187,458 mine extends f r o m 90 feet to 220 feet west of the
Contracts . . 50,610 main Indicator; it embraces the Big Sand-
Tributers . . 39,424 stone country at the New Normanby mines and
Fuel 47,122 the 4-ft. and Duciess Slates of the Victoria
Dividends paid 36,000 1 BaUaraX East Goldfield, by E. Lidgey. Spec. Kept. Mines Dept., p. 8.
 224

United. Three main leather-jacket faidts in- veins of quartz and lumps of mullock. The east
tersect the strata, as shown on section (Fig. 60). cross-cut was driven 200 feet, where there was a
Sñ^SMtmUf'sIrntStjM. cross-course carrying much water. At 80 feet
from the shaft it passed through a make of stone
on the leather-jacket which displaced the
Indicator, and on which a north drive of 90 feet
and a south drive of 190 feet were put in, and let
on tribute. The tributers were successful in
locating rich stone. The drive north on the
leather-jacket cut the Indicator, and was ex-
tended to 340 feet, and a rise was put up con-
necting with the 400-ft. level of the Llanberris
Company. The south drive on the Indicator
was extended to 291 feet, and a cross-cut was put
out east to the Eastern Indicator, where a rise
of 30 feet passed through a strong body of heavily-
mineralized quartz, showing a little gold.
For the half-year ending August, 1889, 1,119
tons of quartz yielded 949 oz. of gold, as compared
with 755 tons for 200 oz. during the preceding
six months.
In 1890, the south drive on the Indicator was
continued to the boundary, and the eastern cross-
cut was extended from 200 feet to 259 feet from
the shaft, three vertical makes of stone of no
value being intersected.
In the south end of the mine a cross-cut west
was driven 100 feet from the Indicator. The
drive on Eoberts' lode was extended 40 feet north.
As these operations failed to locate further pay-
able bodies of stone, the shaft was deepened, and
levels were opened at 566 feet and 630 feet early in
1891.
Operations at the 465-ft. ( N o . 2 ) level were
confined to the Indicator. The veins over the
level in the south end of the mine at times carried
Fio. 00. Transverse Section of the Llanberria No. 1
.Mine (looking North). Scale : 300 feet to 1 inch. nuggety gold. At 300 feet north of the cross-cut
a rise disclosed several well-mineralized veins
Along the course of the leather-jackets much carrying gold.
quartz is developed, details of which are given As work on the Indicator progressed, the
below in the account of the workings. South of main slide, or leather-jacket, was found; it
the shaft two cross-courses (Nos. 11 and 12 of pitched north, and cut off the auriferous quartz.
Lidgey) are traceable throughout the various In the Eastern Indicator country a drive was
levels. (PI. xxi.) put in 126 feet along a make of quartz carrying
Leather-jacket faults are represented by the rough gold before the formation went underfoot;
main fault, which crosses the shaft at about 520 a rise from the level below cut this make. Tribute
feet below the surface. At a depth of about 850 parties worked veins on the Indicator and
feet another leather-jacket was found; drives were Pencil Mark with varying results until the end
extended north and south on this fault at the of 1894. T o the west of Eoberts' lode country,
1,028-ft. (No. 7 ) and 1,128-ft. (No. 8) levels at veins carrying about 4 dwt. of gold per ton were .
145 feet and 215 feet west of the shaft respec- driven on and stoped. At 90 feet from the south
tively. A parallel or footwall break lies 50 feet main drive, a cross-cut west intersected Roberts'
east of the main break. A third leather- lode, which was here broken and poor, a trial
jacket &hows in the 1,128-ft. cross-cut at 35 feet crushing yielding only 3 dwt. of gold per ton.
east of the shaft and in the 1,328-ft. ( N o . 10) level Work in this part of the mine also ceased towards
at 263 feet west of the shaft. A fourth leather- the end of 1894.
jacket, together with a large quartz lode, was
located at the 1,228-ft. (No. 9) level at 130 feet 566-ft. (No. 2) Level.—This level was opened
east of the shaft, but on the south side of the cross- early in 1891, and a cross-cut was driven west. At
course. 41 feet, it intersected a leather-jacket, the
main slide, which carried a formation of
Details of the quartz formations are given in quartz 34 ft. wide, showing fair gold. The
the descriptions of the various levels. north drive was put in 416 feet without locat-
ing payable ore. A cross-cut was driven 97 feet
Details of Worlcings. east f r o m the north end of the drive to the boun-
When the company was formed in 1887, the Hed dary of the claim; it passed through the Indi-
Streak shaft was 400 feet deep, but it had to be cator, but no quartz was found. Early in 1893,
enlarged and re-timbered before sinking began. the tributers, in rising on the leather-jacket,
In 1888, cross-cuts east and west were driven at a discovered a strong make of quartz carrying pay-
depth of 482 feet. The western cross-cut inter- able gold croesing the Indicator, at a height of
sected Roberts' lode between 70 feet and 90 feet about 50 feet; this appears to have been the stone
west of the shaft, and a drive was put in northerly lost underfoot from the level above. This forma-
at 70 feet to reach a winze at the 400-ft. (No. 1) tion was worked on the Indicator for a distance
level. The lode at this level consisted of mixed of 200 feet, and was followed east and west, and
 225
when on the Pencil Mark the stone was of good l u 1905 work ceased, but in 1906 the western
quality.
cross-cut was driven to intersect the line of the
A t 95 feet east of the shaft the cross-cut inter- First Chance lode. A make of quartz was cut
sected the Indicator, a rise was put up 80 feet, and driven on for 80 feet, but proved unpayable.
but it proved only one small quartz vein of poor
It was further tested at a point 200 feet north of
quality. To the south the stone on the Indicator
the main cross-cut by means of a cross-cut from
was poor.
the main north drive; and here a formation 6 ft.
A drive 345 feet long was put in south on the wide was proved to be valueless.
Pencil Mark country, in which payable stone The main north drive was driven to 250 feet
was being worked at the 46.)-ft. level, but it dis- on a full face of poor stone. Operations were
closed no quartz, and a rise of 73 feet cut only a suspended in 1907, but in 1908 the north drive
few small veins; these were followed to the In- was continued to 440 feet on a reef which was pay-
dicator, and a drive was put in along the inter- able in some places. It was stoped in the northern
section, with poor results on the Avhole, though end of the level, but pinched- out at about 30 feet
small patches of gold were found. over the drive. The quartz from the stopes was
Operations at this level ceased f r o m 1894 till of average quality, and stoping was continued until
1896, after which a tribute party worked for a 1910, when the ore became poor and the quartz
few months. I n 1901 the north level was re- veins small. Stoping ceased in 1911.
paired and driven 60 feet, connecting with the A cross-cut, driven east from the north drive at
Last Chance mine. Some poor stone was worked 120 feet from the boundary, passed through some
by the tributers. poor quartz veins at 45 feet. At 100 feet east of
the main drive the cross-cut intersected a mass of
eSO-ft. (No. 3) Level.—The cross-cut west at
quartz veins 10 ft. wide carrying fair gold, and
630 feet was started in 1892. It passed through
along which drives were opened north and south.
several quartz leaders and spurs with a little gold,
North, at 39 feet, a full face of poor ore showed,
and at 200 feet a make of quartz 12 ft. wide on the
and south, at 52 feet, a face of medium-quality
leather-jacket (Roberts' lode?), on which a drive
north proved payable stone, and stoping began. ore was exposed. The stope over this drive was
At 400 feet north a cross-cut was put out east; in ore which was about payable, but at a height of
this passed through the Indicator and the East- 15 feet the values ceased, and the stopes were
ern Slates. At 191 feet east of the main leather- abandoned in 1912.
jacket a parallel fault carrying 2 feet of poor On the west side of the main drive, at 100 feet
stone was found, and a rise of 14 feet over the back from the boundary, a formation of quartz was
cut another vein 2 ft. wide, Avhich yielded 8 dwt. stoped in 1912, and was about payable.
of gold to the ton on trial, but became poor to the
828-ft. {No. 5) Level.—A main drive was put
north and south.
ill for 90 feet frum the shaft in a northerly direc-
The main cross-cut was continued 50 feet, tion, and at this point a north-easterly level was
beyond Koberts' lode, but it disclosed only small driven 105 feet to the Indicator, where a width
verticals and strings of valueless quartz. of 4 ft. of unpayable quartz was found. At 33
A drive from the Indicator was put in south feet east of the Indicator the level intersected the
from the main cross-cut, in order to intersect some Pencil Mark, associated with which there were
rich veins then being worked from the Llanberris three well-defined quartz veins* showing a little
Company's N o . 4 shaft, but 350 feet of driving gold. A drive was put in, but these veins also
failed to locate any quartz. proved unpayable. The cross-cut was continued
Tributers working on the Black Seam to the to 90 feet east of the Indicator without proving
north opened up a body of quartz in 1895, but the any further quartz.
level was abandoned until 190r, when the drive A t 155 feet the north drive on the Indicator
was again worked. m-et with a leather-jacket, which kept in the
drive for 90 feet. At 185 feet a rise ( N o . 2) was
Towards the end of 1894 shaft-sinking was re-
put up to test the Indicator over the fault. A t
sumed, and at a depth of 728 feet the No. 4 level
15 feet above the drive a vein showing gold was
was opened. Further sinking was then carried
cut, but a drive proved the quartz to be poor. At
out, and No. 5 level was opened at a depth of 828
225 feet north, a cross-cut east from the north
feet in April, 1895. Between 770 feet and 810
drive passed through a west-dipping fault at 32
feet in the shaft there were four flat quartz veins,
feet, but intersected no quartz in its full length
the lower two showing a little gold. These veins
of 68 feet. A rise (No. 1) on the Indicator
dipped east towards the Indicator.
was put up from the main cross-cut; it inter-
728-ft. (No. Jf) Level.—^A north drive was put sected a vein carrying rich specimens at 26 feet,
in for 92 feet f r o m the-shaft, and from the face but a fault above this cut the quartz ofl', and the
a cross-cut was driven east for 120 feet without rise was continued to the 728-ft. level without
encountering any stone. The level was abandoned proving any more quartz. A south drive on the
from 1896 until 1902, w^hen a cross-cut west was vein cut at 26 feet in the rise was put in 30
started f r o m the chamber; at 160 feet this cross- feet, but the vein was poor, and driving was
cut passed through a fault, which displaced the stopped.
lode, and here a winze was sunk and connected to . The main west cross-cut was put in from the
the stopes from the level below, xit 30 feet down north drive at 90 feet from the shaft. It cut
the winze the lode was cut under the fault, and the Big Slate at 140 feet from the drive.
proved to be of good quality. A rise over the At 194 feet west of the north drive a body of
level cut the displaced portion of the good vein at poor quartz (the western lode) was found early
30 feet; this yielded a limited qiiantity of payable in 1897, and a north drive was opened along it,
stone, but further rising disclosed irregular veins but little work was done on this until 1902. Drives
onty. In 1904 a drive on the fault revealed stone north and south proved the quartz to be 14 ft. wide,
showing gold, and a winze was put down from and of a value from 8 dwt. to 1 oz. 6 dwt. of gold
this point to the stopes below for ventilation, &c. per ton. I n the north drive and stopes the forma-
tion continued strong, and the quartz was taken
Payable veins continued for 160 feet north.
4424,-15
 226

out 30 ft. wide in the stopes. At 155 ieet in the During 1911 operations at the north end of the
north drive the lode was 11 ft. wide, and showed mine were resumed in consequence of the dis-
good gold. Eor the nest 120 feet the lode widened covery by the Last Chance Company of payable
to over 40 ft. in some places; it consisted of large stone to the east of that previously worked. An
spurs with a little mullock, and the whole of the east cross-cut 100 feet south of the boundary was
quartz was payable. For the nest 50 feet the cleaned out and extended 40 feet, making its total
lode was of moderate quality, but in the stopes it length 125 feet from the north drive. At 103
maintained a good average value; the gold was feet east a rise on the Western Indicator inter-
sometimes found in veins on one side or the other, sected veins showing gold at 18 feet over the back
or even in the centre of the large formation. of the drive; followed west, these veins opened
out into a large formation carrying fair gold, the
In 1905 the main level north was continued, as
first crushing yielding ^ oz. of gold per ton. This
the Last Chance Company had proved payable ore
formation was i^roved payable for a length of
near the boundary. The Llanberris No. 1 Com-
50 feet, and stoping was continued until 1912.
pany in 1906 began stoping a limited formation
The gold died out at 70 feet north of the rise,
of payable quartz, which occurred chiefly as veins.
though the quartz continued. The veins pitched
At a height of 60 feet above the drive, and near
north. A n old drive from the cross-cut was re-
the boundary, a rise was put up 60 feet, and for
paired for 47 feet, and a cross-cut was driven east
the next four years drives and stopes on a make
30 feet; a rise at this point intersected the quartz
12 ft. wide and 20 feet high gave fair to payable
on its north pitch at 10 feet over the cross-cut.
results for 230 feet from the boundary. Two
east cross-cuts were put in from the north drive to Another cross-cut from the main north drive
trace the continuation of the veins untried in the was cleaned out and extended to 102 feet. This
stopes, and some nice veins were opened over the cross-cut was situated 100 feet south of the east
back of the cross-cut; the stopes extended to a cross-cut just described. No. 2 rise was put up at
height of 100 feet over the 828-ft. level. At 150 77 feet from the north drive. It holed through to
feet north of the cross-cut an intermediate level the south drive from the No. 1 rise at 25 feet
50 feet above the north level opened up a large over the level, the veins passed through in rising
body of payable stone in 1903. The reef in being unpayable. South of No. 2 rise the quartz
these stopes, which were exhausted in 1906, was in the stopes became poorer and smaller, breaking
up to 30 ft. wide. To trace the continuation of into veins. South and west from the top of No. 2
the middle section of the stone worked at this rise payable veins were worked until early in
level from the cross-cut for 300 feet north, a winze 1913.
was sunk at 190 feet north, but at a depth of In 1912 the south drive was repaired, and an
20 feet the reef cut out. Underhand stopes were east cross-cut was opened out for 31 feet at 175
taken out on this body of stone. feet from the west cross-cut. This cross-cut
A drive south from the shaft cut the cross-coiirse passed through two makes of poor quartz 8 ft. and
at 87 feet, and a south-west drive along this cross- 5 ft. wide respectively.
course passed through 35 feet of vein country Shaft-sinking below the 828-ft. level was re-
after entering the formation at 90 feet from the sumed in April, 1896. At 30 feet below the level
south drive, and then continued to 310 feet from a leather-jacket was cut, and 5 feet under this
the cross-cut on poor stone. Two rises—one of a 6-in. vein showing a little gold. I n the next
37 feet, and the other of 43 feet—proved that the 40 feet there were a number of quartz veins, and
quartz was poor. at 75 feet a vein 1 ft. thick carrying fair gold.
At 280 feet south of the shaft a rise was put Of the quartz passed through in shaft-sinking,
up on the Indicator in 1901. In a height of 25 tons yielded \ dwt. of gold per ton. I n two
70 feet this rise passed through several small makes months the sink was completed, and No. 6 level
of quartz, which were worked by two parties of was opened at 928 feet.
tributers for several months. 228-ft. (No. 6) Level.—The cross-cuts east and
A cross-cut from the main drive at 300 fest west at this depth were started in July.
south of the shaft was driven west 218 feet, and 1896. The Indicator was 69 feet east of thé
at 170 feet the western lode (exposed at 200 feet shaft. A rise was put up 16 feet on it, but it
west of the shaft in the main cross-cut) was cut, was found to be much broken, so the cross-cut was
but it proved to be poor. A drive along continued to the Pencil Mark, on which no quartz
the western lode soon met with a strong was located.
\vell-defined lode showing gold, which con^ The cross-cut west of the shaft was driven 35
tinned to the south boundary, a distance of 370
feet without disclosing any quartz. It was then
feet. In the stopes over this section the lode was
allowed to drain, and when work was resumed a
worked up to 20 ft. wide, but as risen on it became
large body of quartz was cut at 106 feet. A north
narrower. G-ood payable veins were worked until
drive of 19 feet sufficed to prove the formation
1906. In 1903 a winze was sunk below the
poor, and the cross-cut was then extended to 146
southern workings, and connected with the inter-
feet. A south drive at 100 feet west of the shaft
mediate from the 828-ft. level. Good gold was
cut the cross-course at 147 feet. This fault then
followed in the winze, and fair bodies of ore were
stoped. threw the lode 60 feet to the west. Stoping over
this drive began in 1898, and lasted till 1900.
Little work was done at this level during 1909, With the object of locating the same formation
but in 1910 a rise was put up on the Western south of the cross-course, a drive was started from
Indicator to a height of 26 feet without prov- the top of a rise in. 1902, and in 1903 a lode 20 ft.
ing any quartz. Prospecting in the south drive wide was found. The main drive on the cross-
on the north side of the cross-course gave poor course was then extended, and the lode was inter-
results. A rise was put up at 135 feet south of sected at the level of the drive. A drive was then
the cross-cut, and a cross-cut west at a height of put in south, but the lode pinched and was poor
30 feet in the rise intersected a make of poor stone for 150 feet, and was succeeded by a blank of 80
at a distance of 10 feet.
feet. A rise over the blank proved quartz 5 ft.
 227
wide and nearly payable. The intermediate level level by contractors. South f o r 110 feet the lode was
on the lode was driven f r o m the top of the rise poor, but it was stoped to the level above. As this
on quartz showing gold, and a connexion was quartz proved so poor, and as there was good ore
made to a winze below the 828-ft. level, enabling underfoot at the level above, a rise was put up
the southern section to be Avorked f r o m 1904. f r o m the N o . 1 cross-cut at 150 feet south of the
The intermediate level was continued to the south previous rise, but this holed through without inter-
boundary. T h e quartz in the stopes ranged f r o m secting any payable quartz. Early in 1902 the
4 ft. to 20 ft. wide, and was worked out in 1905, tributers, after working poor ore f o r a long time,
when a lower intermediate level only 30 feet over found payable quartz in a full face, on which they
the main drive was opened near the south boun- drove north.
dary on payable stone. I n 1906 an old cross-cut A t 375 feet north of the cross-cut a large body of
was extended 20 feet to the Western lode, which quartz was proved, a cross-cut of 20 feet failing
carried payable gold. A drive on this lode to the to locate the western wall. The stopes over this
south boundary proved poor quartz, and a drive drive and two intermediate levels were up to
was put in north to the stopes. Stoping with in- 26 feet in width in- stone carrying 5 dwt. to 9 dwt.
diiferent results continued till 1907 in this sec- of gold per ton.
tion. A lode north of the cross-course was pros-
A t 525 feet f r o m the cross-cut, a drive connected
pected in 1908, but it was unpayable. with the workings of the Last Chance m i n e , there
A drive was put in north f r o m the shaft, and was much quartz, but the gold was found to be in
at 40 feet a rise passed through a leather-j acket veins along the edge of the lode, which Avas stoped
at 15 feet above the level, and making into a large 20 feet Avide f o r a height of 80 feet, and yielded
formation of quartz. A cross-cut 20 feet west of 6 dwt. to 7 dwt. of gold per ton. The stopes were
the drive proved that this quartz was 38 ft. wide worked till the end of 1904 f o r an average return
and 16 feet high f o r a distance of over 100 feet of 7 dwt. of gold per ton, and fair returns were
north, and that it carried 4 dwt. of gold per ton. obtained till the end of 1907.
A f t e r six months' work the stone was found to be I n 1904, after the workings had been con-
unpayable, and the country to the Avest was pros- nected with the Last Chance mine, a cross-cut was
pected. P o o r quartz 18 ft. wide was passed put in Avest f r o m the main drive in the north
through, and then a lode averaging 14 dwt. of gold end of the mine. I t passed through a number of
per ton was found. Payable quartz continued to veins, and at 110 feet it intersected the main or
60 feet in the cross-cut before it dipped underfoot. Western lode, on Avhich drives north and south
This formation was cut in the rise over the main opened up a length of 220 feet of payable ore. The
drive at 9 feet, proving the body to be 70 ft. lode and adjacent veins were taken out for a width
wide. The stopes were worked f r o m 1897 to of 50 feet. The veins gave the best returns, but
1902. the whole body was of fair value. This formation
Avas AA'orked continuously and profitably until the
T h e iSTo. 2 west cross-cut, 130 feet north of the
end of 1906, when the bulk of the payable ore was
shaft, cut this make at 70 feet f r o m the main
exhausted. I n 1907 a fiat make of quartz was
drive, and a north drive on it carried a solid make
opened 40 feet west of the lode and 35 feet up
of quartz, followed by veins to 223 feet. A
the rise. T o the south, this quartz Avas of good
large body of ore was stoped over this drive f r o m
value, but to the north it was poor. I t gave fair
1897 to 1903. Further north, the quartz in the
returns f o r a year, but then the stone became
drive was poor. smaller.
A cro.ss-cut ( N o . 2 ) , at 180 feet north in the N o .
2 north drive, was driven f o r 100 feet to the A t 280 feet north of the main cross-cut, a cross-
Western lode, which Avas here 6 ft. wide. The cut was put in 30 feet west of the old stopes in
1907, and a large body of quartz Avas opened up.
lode improved to the south, and became payable.
I t gave returns of average value till 1909, when
At 60 feet north the lode, 6 ft. wide, was tested
•the formations became irregular and payable only
f o r a length of 150 feet, but it proved only mode-
in parts.
rately good, and an additional 70 feet of driving
A t 130 feet north of the main cross-cut a winze
located only low-grade ore. This part of the
sunk to a depth of 50 feet passed through nearly
mine was abandoned in 1905.
payable quartz.
1,028-ft. {No. 7 ) LeveZ.—The shaft was deep- The south drive on the third leather-jacket,
ened, and the 1,028-ft. level was opened in M a y , started towards the end of 1902, carried a full
1899. The cross-cut west was commenced, and face of low-grade quartz as far as the cross-
passed through several leather-jackets or slides, course. On the south side of the cross-course pay-
the first at 39 feet, the second at 81 feet, and the able stone was found, which continued to a break,
third at 145 feet. The country between the first Avhere the quartz became smaller. A rise of 70
and second leather-jackets was nearly all quartz feet failed to disclose anything of value.
of poor quality. I n 1909 driving and cross-cutting south of the
The third leather-jacket carried 1 ft. 6 in. cross-course opened up ore of little value, and work
of broken quartz, along which a drive was started ceased at the end of that year.
to the north. A t 97 feet, the fault split into three I n 1904 a main cross-cut was opened opposite
parts, and the main one was followed. A t 157 the shaft. A t 140 feet it cut the Western lode,
feet f r o m the cross-cut a rise was put up on the A v h i c h proA-ed to be 2- ft. wide, and poor. A drive
leather-jacket, but, after it had risen 40 feet on was put in f o r 50 feet north along it.
a flat dip, a cross-cut east was started, which 1,128-ft. {Ne. 8) Level.—In September, 1904,
passed through 50 feet of quartz. A t 36 feet east the sinking of t'le main shaft was continued to
of the main drive, a rise cut the fault at 18 feet 1,156 feet. The N o . 8 level AA^as opened at 1,128
oA'er the back. A t 40 feet (vertical) in the rise, feet, and a cross-cut Avest was started to intersect
quartz was found, and the rise was continued to the lodes Avorked in the level above. A t 180 feet
the 930-ft. level. A t 45 feet over the back, an f r o m the shaft the Eastern lode was intersected.
iutermediate level was opened in a large but It shoAved gold freely, and was more than payable,
poor lode; the north drive f o r 140 feet was in but in the drives both north and south the lode
poor ore, which, however, was stoped to the 930-ft became broken and poor.
 228

The mail! cross-cut was extended west through drives Avere opened north 42 feet and south 64 feet
14 feet of poor quartz between 220 feet and 235 on full faces of quartz of moderate quality; the
feet. A drive of 330 feet south on the west stopes aboA-e the level proved poor in 1909. At
side of the lode at 230 feet f r o m the shaft proved 354 feet the cross-cut was stopped.
veins of fair qualitj' branching oS from the main
The south drive was started at a point 180
lode, aiid the stopes over the drive showed irregiilar
feet west of the shaft on quartz 5 ft. wide, show-
formations more than payable in some places and
ing gold, but unpayable, and was continued to
poor in others. Stoping north and south was
the cross-course at 180 feet. The drive was then
continued f r o m 1908 iintil the end of 1910.
turned south-westerly f o r 200 feet along the cross-
The north drive on the Eastern lode at ISO
course, on the south side of which several quartz
feet f r o m the shaft disclosed poor quartz at 160
A^eins Avere c u t ; these were tested, but proved
feet from the cross-cut. A rise at 140 feet north of
poor. The south drive on these veins Avas ex-
the cross-cut connected Avith the winze sunk from
tended to 200 feet, AA-here a payable vein was
the level aboA'e. T w o intermediate levels were
stoped f o r a length of 25 feet in 1916. A t 260
opened f r o m this rise in 1906, the upper being iri
feet f r o m the shaft a drive south was commenced
ore showing fair gold. The lode up to 12 ft. wide
on a wide face of quartz carrying a little gold.
was worked until 1907 with varying results in
these stopes, which were connected with the stopes A cross-cut east f r o m the shaft AA'as begun to-
over the main cross-cut. wards the end of 1908. At 130 feet a valueless
The north drive on the Eastern lode was con- lode, 6 ft. wide and giA'ing off a heavy flow of
tinued to 320 feet, where a cross-cut west 105 water, was intersected on the south side of the
feet passed through 30 feet of well-minerabzed but cross-cut, necessitating the construction of several
poor stone, on which a drive was opened north. The brick and cement dams in the cross-cut to stop
main level was continued to the Last Chance boun- the flow. "Within eight hours of shutting the valve
dary, where it broke into a rise belonging to that the pressure on the dams had risen to over 350 lb.
company. T w o intermediate levels were put in to the square inch. Marsh gas in abundance was
south f r o m the rise at the boundarv, one at 3G liberated from the Avater.
feet up, and the other at 66 feet. The lower inter- A drive north f r o m the cross-course, at 100 feet
mediate level carried a payable lode, averaging west of the south drive, carried ore of average
12 ft. wide f o r 170 feet. This drive was carried quality for 50 feet, and stopes over the back proved
320 feet on ore of moderate quality. The second similar ore. At 70 feet north the quartz '^came
intermediate level at 66 feet up was driven 90 poor, but the drive was continued to 115 feet.
feet. A body of ore of fair quality was stoped
in these levels f r o m 1906 till the end of 1910 1,328-ft. iet-eL—Towards the close of 1909, the
and after. Cross-cuts were put in f r o m the mam shaft was sunk to a depth of 1,328 feet, at which
drive across the lode, but they proved only poor depth a level Avas opened. A t 254 feet f r o m the
quartz, and two rises met with similar results. shaft the Avest cross-cut passed through a vein
The south drÍA'e on the Eastern lode (180 feet 3 ft. thick, showing fair g o l d ; a fault cut it off,
from the shaft) intersected the cross-course at 184 but a drive south f o r 35 feet showed a fair face of
feet f r o m the cross-cut. A drive was put in payable quartz, which, however, became small and
along the cross-course in a south-westerly direc- poor to 54 feet. In the stopes over the level the
tion, and at 36 feet a rise connected with the south quartz Avas of fair size, but poor. The south
winze f r o m the N o . 7 level. A t 50 feet up this drive was extended to 106 feet on quartz veins,
rise an intermediate level was opened south, and some of AA-hich carried fair gold, the stone aver-
a large body of poor quartz was stoped. The aging 4 dAvt. of gold per ton under the fault, on
drive on the cross-course was carried 130 feet the east side of the drive. F r o m 108 feet to 160
before the displaced lode was picked up, and a feet south, a vein 1 ft. wide, showing gold, was
drive was then started south on a Avell-defined followed. This vein was not payable, and the
lode, which shoAved payable gold in some -places. stone cut out to the east. The stopes over the
This drive Avas continued to the south boundary, drive were unpavable, and the level was abandoned
but the average value of the lode was poor through- in 1912.
out. A rise connected with the intermediate, The north drive for 34 feet was along quartz
driven f r o m the rise on the cross-course, also proved veins, showing fair gold. The formation con-
poor ore. N o r t h f r o m the cross-course rise at 25 tinued f o r 110 feet, Avhere a small break threw it
feet over the main level a driA-e was put in 140 over the back of the level, and the driA'e was con-
feet, and a series of stopes yielded ore of average tinued in slate country; a rise of 20 feet on the
quality. These drives were abandoned in 1906. break disclosed many quartz A'eins, all of poor
The east cross-cut Avas put in 90 feet, but it quality. The north drive was extended to 212 feet,
passed through clean country only. but neither it nor the cross-cut west f o r 113 feet
1,228-ft. ¿et'e?.—Towards the end of 1906 the intersected any quartz. A rise of 34 feet on this
shaft was deepened 100 feet, and 1,228-ft. leA^el break carried low-grade ore f r o m 24 feet. From
was opened. A t 90 feet from the shaft the Avest 246 tons of quartz f r o m the drives, stopes, and
cross-cut passed through a A^ertical formation 6 ft. rise a yield of 30 oz. 6 dAvt. of gold was obtained
wide, of no value; at 160 feet, an irregular forma- in 1910, but a later crushing proA'ed poorer.
tion, gold-bearing, but unpayable; at 180 feet
The main cross-cut was extended to 376 feet
numerous quartz veins, some carrying fair gold;
from the shaft, and but little quartz v/as foujid on
and at 300^feet what Avas thought to be the con-
the line of the Avestern formation of the level
tinuation of the Western lode. The quartz veins
above. At 63 feet about 3 ft. of poor quartz veins
at 180 feet AA-ere drÍA-en on north f o r 25 feet, the
in slate were cut, and an intermediate level was
stone being nearly payable, and a rise was put up,
opened. The rise was connected to a winze f r o m
but the stone tapered out. A rise on the forma-
the 1.228-ft. level.
tion, at 300 feet, connected with a winze f r o m the
^ This level was abandoned in 1912 owing to
level above, passing through poor veins onlv. At
difficulties with Av^qter, and has remained flooded
23 feet t^elow tlie 1,130-ft. level, interm'ediate
ever since.
 22 U
The following yields were recorded from I n 1905 the shaft reached a depth of 1,060 feet,
1888:—
a sink of 220 feet being completed, and the 940-ft.
and 1,040-ft. levels were opened. The west cross-
Year. Ore crushed. • Gold yield.
cut, at the 1,040-ft. level, passed through the In-
tons. oz. dwt. dicator at 78 feet, and was continued to 90 feet.
gr-
1888 .. 785 200 0 0 The 940-ft. level west cross-cut met a promis-
1889 .. 1,619
1890 ..
1,549 3 10 ing lode formation underlying west at 205 feet,
2,035 860 8 0
1891 .. 1,045 697
and showing 10 feet of mixed quartz and countrv
17 12
1892 .. 1,483 547 8 0 rock. A t the 840-ft. level the north drive, at 135
1893 .. 559 186 9 4 feet west of the shaft, was extended, and at 12^0
1894 .. 2,318 826 10 6 feet a formation 10 feet Avide, and underlying west,
1895 .. 805 146 5 0
1896 .. 568
was cut, but proved unpayable at this level. South
93 13 0
1897 .. 2,738 938 8 0 of the cross-course a drive Avas put in f o r 90 feet
1898 .. 16,498 4,243 3 0 on the Indicator, besides a rise of 90 feet, but
1899 .. 17,214 2.407 19 0 nothing payable was met A v i t h .
1900 .. 12,797 2,407 19 0
1901 .. 9,293 2,796 1 0 I n 1906, at 278 feet from the shaft, the west
1902 .. 12,206 4,856 13 0 cross-cut, at the 1,040-ft. level, passed through a
1903 .. 15,364 6,132 9 0 leather-jacket, which was the same as that ex-
1904 . . 25,367 8,847 10 0
1905 ..
posed, at 135 feet west of the shaft, in the north
23,809 7,695 11 0
1906 .. 22,540 6,809 4 0 '
drive at the 940-ft. level. A rise Avas put up from
1907 .. 23,593 6,253 8 0 .( the 1,040-ft. level on the leather-j acket to a height
190S .. 23,793 6,023 11 0 Í of 55 feet, passing through several small gold-bear-
1909 .. 24,009 5,610 19 0 ing quartz veins.
1910 .. 18,904 4,167 17 0
1911 .. 16,043 4,142 9 0 A t 220 feet f r o m the shaft a drive was put in
1912 .. 18,547 4,541 0 0 1 50 feet north on some small quartz veins, which
1913 .. 16,393 4,234 17 0 1 were blocked out to the east, giving 55 tons of
1914 .. 21,766 5,-593 18 0
1915 .. 14,476 4,182
stone, which yielded 33 oz. 18 dwt. of gold. The
13 0 1
1916 .. 2,494 663 16 0 main cross-cut Avas continued to 338 feet from
I the shaft, and intersected a large formation of
low-grade stone, on which drives north and south
U p to the end of March, 1917, the total output
vA-ere started. A t the 940-ft. level a drive south on
from this mine was 357,955 tons, f r o m which
the Indicator was put in 261 feet during the
100,538 oz. 6 dwt. of gold was obtained, and diA^i-
dends of £44,400 paid. The mine closed doAvn in year. At 180 feet south a rise Avas put up 47 feet,
November, 1917. which cut a quartz vein heavily mineralized and
carrying fine gold. From this rise a drive was
LLANBEBEIS NO. 2 COMPANY. put in south on the quartz vein f o r 180 feet, the
PI. xxii. itone on the eastern side showing fair gold. From
Historical. the south face of the Indicator driA'e, at 261 feet
from the main cross-cut, another cross-cut was
The Llanberris X o . 2 Company Avas formed in put in to explore the eastern country and to com-
1903, and acquired the main or N o . 1 shaft of mand the quartz vein driven on in the rise work-
the Speedwell Company. ings. A t 215 feet west of the shaft a drive north
A t the date of the formation of the company at 50 feet f r o m the cross-cut showed 6 feet of
the main workings comprised a main shaft, 840 quartz in the face. This drive was continued to
feet deep, Avith several levels opened out. A t the 140 feet, and then two rises were put up, which
430-ft. level there w-ere cross-cuts east and west, and proved gold-bearing quartz spurs, f r o m which a
short drives north and south; at the 500-ft. level trial crushing of 28 tons yielded 10 oz. 6 dwt. of
there was a cross-cut east, and one west to the gold. The south drive was put in 94 feet, and
Indicator; at the 630-ft. level there was a cross- from a rise at a height of 50 feet an intermediate
cut west t o the Indicator, on which a drive level AA'as opened north ?nd south, bat. nothing
south extended f o r 600 feet, at the south end of payable was located, although an abundance of
which there was a cross-cut west to the western quartz was proved by stoping. At the 840-ft.
country, in which a gold-bearing A'-ein was fol- level the indicator veins Avere worked by
lowed f o r 100 f e e t ; at the 700-ft. and 770-ft. ndnzes to a depth of 40 feet, and payable gold
levels there were cross-cuts to the Indicator, on was at times obtained in them.
which drives were put i n ; at the 840-ft. level
there was a cross-cut west to the indicator, on Operations at the mine were suspended during
which a south drive extended f o r 500 feet—a shoot 1907 and 1908, but v/ere resumed in 1909. The
of stone had been worked f r o m the levels aboA'e to a shaft Avas sunk to 1,160 feet, and a level opened
point 4G0 feet south at this level, Avhere it went west at 1,148 feet f r o m the surface. In 1910 a
underfoot, and was tested by tAvo Avinzes. cross-cut Avest Avas put in at the 1,148-ft. level for
On commencing operations in 1903 the main a distance of 146 feet, passing through the In-
shaft, which was of small size to a depth of 400 dicator at 75 feet, showing only small veins of
feet, AA^as enlarged and re-timbered to Avater-level, quartz. A cross-cut east at the í,040-ft. level was
600 feet f r o m the surface. The shaft was then put in 123 feet Avithout any favorable development
unwatered, and in 1904 cross-cutting west at the prior to operations ceasing in April, 1910.
840-ft. level was commenced. B y the end of the
year this cross-cut Avas out 405 feet, and several Structure.
quartz veins were cut, but on these veins little The structure seen in this mine closely resembles
prospecting was canned out. The Indicator that of the Llanberris N o . 1 (situated 1,440 feet
was passed through at 80 feet west of the shaft-, further north), in so far as relative position of
and f r o m the Avest side of the south drive along it the shaft to the syncline is concerned. The main
gold-bearing quartz was mined. At 135 feet from syncline east of the Indicator is met with in
the shaft a drive Avas put in- 50 feet, and a rise the shaft at a depth of 1,100 fest, but on account
of 18 feet Avas put up on low-grade stone. of the westerly list of its axis it lies 120 feet east
 230

of tlie sliaft at tJie 430-ft. level. The First Chance level to level. N o observations as to the influence
anticline, about 350 feet west of the syncline, is of these slates at the intersection of quartz veins
exposed at the 1,040-ft. level at a point 320 feet were possible.
from the shaft; at the 840-ft. level, 280 feet from
NORMANBY NORTH COMPANY.
the shaft; at the 430-ft. level, brought eastward
by the effect of a leather-jacket, 140 feet from the (PL X X I V . )
shaft, and at the 310-ft. level at 130 feet from the Historical.
shaft. A syncline occurs at the 430-ft. and 840-ft. This company, which was formed in 1902,
levels at 100 feet west of the anticline. This syn- secured the southern portion of the Speedwell
cline is not met with in the First Chance section, Company's claim, including the No. 3 shaft of
but is developed in the mines to the south of the that company, which had been sunk to a depth of
Llanberris No. 2, as in the New Normanby (PL 720 feet. It was, however, unsuccessful in locat-
25). The eastern limb of the anticline through- ing payable bodies of quartz. Most of the work-
out in this mine is remarkable for the uniformity ings were on a belt near the Indicator and in the
of dip, which varies from 87° west to 87° east, neighbourhood of a diagonal fault known as the
except in the close proximity of the syncline. The Angle Slip, the true displacement along which
western limb of the anticline, and the eastern limb was not known, partly on account of lack of ob-
of the syncline, are markedly flat, and vary from serA'ation and partly on account of difficulties aris-
55° to 65° west. The Indicator lies 50 feet ing from the presence of a syncline, which is 40
east of the shaft at the surface, but owing to the feet east of the shaft at the 400-ft. level and 30
westward displacement of several leather- feet west at the 1,000-ft. level.
jackets, it is 70 feet west of the shaft at the On taking over the claim from the Speedwell
1_,040-ft. level, although throughout it is prac- Company and unwatering the mine, the Nor-
tically vertical. In the shallow levels the Pencil manby North company began underground opera-
Mark and Black Seam are well shown, but in tions "in November, 1902, at the 700-ft., 600-ft.,
the deeper levels are not conspicuous. 535-ft., and 400-ft. levels, and shortly afterwards
the 300-ft. level was repaired and connected to
Faults of the leather-jacket type are repre-
the old Sovereign Company's workings. Flat
sented by four almost parallel breaks; the dis-
quartz veins were located in each of the levels, and
placements of these vary from a few feet in the
crushings were taken out.
lowest to 150 feet in the uppermost one. The
movement in each case is upward on the top side. Early in 1903 shaft-sinking began, and a depth
Cross-courses are also developed, one of which, of 1,010 feet was reached by June, 290 feet of
lying 160 feet north from the shaft and striking sinking having taken a period of under seven
north-easterly, has a displacement of only 6 feet, months. A cross-cut west, commenced at the
while another 520 feet south of the shaft displaces 1,000-ft. level in July, was driven 220 feet by the
the Indicator for 100 feet. Both cross-courses are end of the year. In 1904 the west cross-cut, at
right-hand heaves. The striations on the strata the 1,000-ft. level, was extended to 350 feet from
adjacent to the cross-course are horizontal. the shaft. Gold-bearing quartz veins were found,
and driving and stoping were commenced. At
the 700-ft. and 600-ft. levels driving and stoping
Quartz Occurrence. on veins were continued throughout the year, the
chief operations being on the indicator country—
Two types of quartz formations occur in this between the Western Indicator and the Eastern
mine, but the chief work has been confined to the Indicator. The 900-ft. level was opened, and a
smaller of these on quartz spurs on the Indica- north drive was commenced.
tor and adjacent slates, while the larger or In 1905 a 10-head battery was erected. The
leather-jacket formations have been little pros- 1,000-ft. level was extended to 600 feet from the
pected. By rises and winzes the Indicator veins shaft; driving was continued at the 900-ft. level;
have been worked from level to level to a and a new level, with western cross-cuts, was
depth of 940 feet. Cross-cuts west of this line, at opened at 800 feet. At the upper levels crushing
the 310, 480, 840, 940, and 1,040 ft. levels all re- material was still being won f r o m quartz veins.
veal bodies of quartz upwards of 10 ft. in width, The shaft was deepened to 1,110 feet, and a cross-
on which but little work has been carried on, ex- cut west was commenced before the end of the
cepting short drives at the 940-ft. level. This year at the 1,100-ft. level.
formation was stoped in part, and is identical with
In 1906 the cross-cut west at the 1,100-ft. level
that worked for a short distance north in the
passed through the Indicator country, and a drive
840-ft. level at 135 feet west of the shaft, and also
was put in northerly along the course of the Angle
at the 1,040-ft. level at 280 feet west.
Slip, at 160 feet from the shaft, to intersect the
In the anticline at 310 feet west, at the 1,040-ft. gold-bearing country being opened on the Indi-
level, numerous quartz spurs occur in slate. These cator at the 1,000-ft. level. A t 135 feet from
the cross-cut some nice specimens were taken from
have not been tested. Verticals or laminated
the Black Seam.
bedded veins occur at various places; and consist
of quartz, dolomite, and chlorite. They are of At the 1,000-ft. level underhand stoping of some
no value, being usually met with on the"^ western quartz veins on the Indicator was in progress.
dip, as seen at 298, 334, 346 feet west of the shaft Low-grade ore was being opened in the upper
at the 840-ft. level; and also on the eastern dip levels, the most promising being at the 600-ft.
at 262 and 132 feet west. Slides or piths occur level, where some nuggets were located above the
along the bedding planes, but their influence on slide. Before the end of the year the general out-
the quartz veins was not noticed. look improved. I n 1907 operations at the
1,000-ft. level were suspended until near the end
A feature in this mine is the occurrence of of the year, when a drive on the Indicator was
black slates to the west of the Indicator, at the put in north after the water had been taken out of
840-ft., 940-ft., and 1,040-ft. levels. These were the level.
narrow, from one-eighth to one quarter of an inch Gold-bearing veins were worked east of the
wide, and do not appear to be continuous from north drive, at the 1,000-ft. level. At the 900-ft.
 231

level driving north was resumed, while the exten- T h e main syncline lies 40 feet east of the shaft
sion west of the cross-cut f r o m the shaft was at the 535-ft. level, and 30 feet west at the 1,000-ft.
in progress. A t the 700-ft. level several flat makes level. Reversal of dip shows at the 600-ft. level
were worked under the Sovereign H i l l , while the west of the shaft where the d i p on the eastern
testing of veins at the 600-ft. level continued. I n limb is 50° west; faulting occurs in this neigh-
1908 prospecting continued, and extra machinery bourhood.
was installed, including a high-pressure boiler. Faults of the leather-jacket type occur. One
At the 1,100-ft. level the north drive was con- in the shaft above the 400-ft. level can be tracea
tinued to 337 feet north on the Indicator, but to 300 feet west of the shaft at the 600-ft. level.
though several quartz veins were found, nothing Another cut in the shaft at the 900-ft. level is
payable was located. A rise connected to the identical with the main leather-jacket of the
1,000-ft. level at 320 feet north of the cross-cut. Victoria United, Britannia United, and Last
This rise passed through quartz veins at 30 feet Chance mines to the n o r t h ; it carries a decom-
over the level, but driving on them gave only fair posed felsitic dyke, and is accompanied by large
returns. N o change took place in the prospect- bodies of quartz. A t the 900-ft. level a drive was
ing operations at the 1,000-ft. level. put in 660 feet north along the fault. Payable
results were obtained f r o m stopes below the inter-
At the 900-ft. level large bodies of quartz were
section of the leather-jacket and the syncline
met with in the north drive, which was extended
f o r a width of 50 feet west of the fault and in
to the boundary of the mine, 600 feet north of the
places f o r 20 feet to 30 feet high, but as followed
shaft. The main formation was poor, but veins
upwards the stone was poor. This fault was
to the west yielded profitable returns to the
worked to the 1,000-ft. level, where, in the north
tribute parties." A t the 700-ft. and 800-ft. levels
drive, its average dip was 45° west. Flat veins,
plenty of very low-grade ore was disclosed.
some of them payable, were cut in rises on the
In 1909 Wilfley tables and an additional 20-head fault. T y p i c a l sections of the ore bodies accom-
of stampers were installed to treat the low-grade panying this fault were exposed in 1909.
ore opened at the various levels, and a new wind-
The ore bodies associated with the leather-
ing plant was erected before the end of t t e year.
jackets when extensive consisted of much quarte
•Vbove the north drive, at the 1,100-ft. level, the
with dolomite, albite, kaolin, pyrite, arsenopyrite.
veins worked f r o m the intermediate level did not
galena, sphalerite, and pyrrhotite. The dolomite
prove as auriferous as was expected. A south
occurred in veins up to an inch thick, and often
drive, at 113 feet f r o m the shaft, was put in 88
extended beyond the quartz and into the slate and
feet, and payable veins were worked to a height
sandstone. I n McCarthy's tribute block the
of 25 feet.
reef was above two beds of slate with alternating
At the 1,000-ft. level the workings on slates black layers. I n this face the dolomite veins,
east of the Indicator yielded bodies of poor when traversing the slates, were largely pyritic,
ore. Tributers at the 900-ft. level had fair re- and the quartz veins in the sandstone adjacent to
turns. A t 240 feet west of the shaft the west the black slate carried crystalline gold.
cross-cut, at the 800-ft. level, intersected a Another type of fault, and one on which much
leather-jacket, on which there was a large for- work has been carried out in this mine, is the
mation of low-grade quartz, but drives north and A n g l e Slip, which had a strike of 20° to 25"
south failed to disclose any ore of value. west of north. This fault is older than the
At the 700-ft. level the south drive, under Sove- leather-jacket type, by which it is displaced foi
reign Hill, was continued to 490 feet f r o m the 80 feet. The amount of movement accompany-
cross-cur, disclosing veins which Avere stoped. ing thè A n g l e Slip was not easy to estimate.
Some veins on the Indicator were worked north Near the northern boundary of the claim there
of the shaft. is a cross-course, and the combined displacement
of the cross-course and leather-jack et about the
400-ft. level caused some confusion. F o r the same
Strvcture. reason the occurrence of a cross-course near the
The feature of geological interest in this mine is southern boundary of the lease has led to the un-
a series of indicators, which were recognised warranted correlation of two distinct indicators
by the manager, Mr. T . Tregurtha, who made
them a special study. M a n y of them were only Details of Wwltings.
of local importance, and consisted of various
300-ft. Level.—This level, f r o m which mucii
slates, which at times contained pyrite seams or
work h.as been carried out by the former com-
other characteristcs, as in the Eastern Indicator,
pany, was re-opened. I n 1903 a rise was put up
the Mundic Seam, the Ribbon Slate, the Muudic
on the Indicator. In 1904 some quartz veini
Grit, the Pencil Mark, the Telegraph, the Western
Indicator, Greene's Indicator, the 4 - f t . Slate, the on the Eastern Indicator were worked as far
Western Slates, &c. The quartz veins associated south as a cross-course. The rise on the Indi-
with these at times yielded payable gold, but more cator cut a small quartz vein at a height of 30
attention was paid to working small quartz veins feet. I n 1905 operations east of the shaft were
than to prospecting the larger ore-bodies, such resumed, and a vertical formation was worked.
as exist on the leather-jackets. I n 1906 some small quartz veins Avere worked
AA'hich carried fair gold.
The structure consists of a main syncline and
an anticline intersected by leather-jackets, and J^OO'ft. Level—The north drive at this leA^el
an older fault known as the A n g l e Slip. The was prospected during 1903, but only poor quartz
main anticline is exposed on the summit of the A v a s found. Another trial Avas given during 1905,
Sovereign H i l l ; at 360 feet west of the shaft, at but the results Avere again poor.
the 400-ft. level; and at 480 feet west, at the oOO-ft. Level—During 1905 a body of quartz
1,000-ft. level. A t 90 feet east of the anticline in a rise yielded 5 dwt. of gold per ton. The vein
there is a roll which causes a repetition of a f e w country at this level was exhausted during the
beds. vear. I n 1906 the western cro8.s-cut was cleaned
 232

out in anticipation of the stone cut at the 600-ft. During 1905 the north drive on the 12-ft.
level proving payable and continuing to this one, Slate exposed 8-dwt. ore. The south drive was
and a cross-cut was put in east from the north cleaned out, aud a large body of ore was revealed.
rise to intersect the quartz which went under- The north drive on the Western Indicator veins
foot at the 4:00-ft. level. The quartz crushed carried fair gold, but the south end was hardly
from this level during the year averaged 4 dwt. payable. The south drive on the Eastern Indi-
of gold per ton. cator exposed plenty of poor quartz.
535-ft. Level.—-In 1903 several payable quartz In 1906 the west cross-cut opened up payable
\'eins were worked in the main north drive, but quartz veins between the 12-ft. Slate and the
further north they became unpayable. During Western Indicator, and nice gold was seen. In
the intermediate level the stopes exposed better
1904 the main north drive was continued on quartz
ore on the Western Indicator country south of
veins, which were hardly payable. I n 1905 the
the Angle Slip.
drive was extended north to connect with the 70-ft.
rise from the 600-ft. level. Plenty of poor ore In 1907, a rise at 73 feet south under Sovereign
was exposed in the face. Picked quartz from along Hill passed through several flat makes of quartz
the drive gave fair crushings. In 1906 several showing gold.
crushings from the eastern Ribbon Slates aver- During 1908 the south main rise holed through
aged about 4 dwt. of gold per ton. A cross-cut to the 600-ft. level, and driving and stoping were
was put in east from the north rise to cut the done A v i t h varying results on veins through
stone that went underfoot at the 400-ft. level. which it passed. Prospecting from the main rise
600-ft. Level.—During 1903 a cross-cut was south, under Sovereign Hill, opened up plenty of
driven at this level to meet the old north drive, low-grade ore. A rise of 90 feet from the north
and a drive north on the Eastern Indicator drive west of the shaft failed to intersect payable
was in progress. The ore in the south drive was ore.
exhausted, and the stopes yielded quartz below the
average in gold content. I n 1904 the north drive During 1909 the south main drive under Sove-
was cleaned out and repaired to the Indicator reign Hill was advanced to a total distance of 490
winze and extended 80 feet. A rise on the Ribbon feet from the cross-cut in a large body of low-
Slates was repaired, and a cross-cut east from grade ore. East of the drive rises were put up 30
this rise intersected payable quartz. A rise on the feet and 75 feet, and a cross-cut was put out west
Eastern Indicator was up 35 feet, and driving for 65 feet. The 75-ft. rise was in a mass of quartz
commenced, which later in the year revealed pay- veins, in which a little gold was seen in break-
able quartz in the stopes. During 1905 an open- ing. The intermediate level was driven a total
ing was made on a small quartz vein at 70 feet distance of 350 feet north from the west cross-
in the rise on the Eastern Indicator, where a cut; two cross-cuts were opened out west, and two
body of quartz averaging 4 dwt. of gold per ton rises were put up. Stoping was carried out in
was intersected. ore which gave fair returns. In the north rise on
the Indicator two promising quartz veins were
In 1906 a small prospecting rise was put up intersected and driven on north.
on a slide and quartz which produced several nug-
gets. On top of the slide the 12-ft. and 2-ft. I n 1910 poor A'eins Vv'ere worked in the north
Slates were found with nice flat veins crossing end of the drive and in the south a large body of
them, two crushings from Avhich averaged over low-grade ore.
10 dwt. of gold per ton. To work the veins sys- 800-ft. Level.—In 1905 the cross-cut west at the
tematically the main rise was extended 30 feet, 800-ft. level was in 105 feet, where fair quartz
and a cross-cut was put out 30 feet. Most of the went underfoot. During 1908 a main drive was
quartz crushed came from the 70-ft. rise, and aver- opened out north on the Eastern Slates to inter-
aged 4 dwt. of gold per ton. The stopes were sect the good payable stone worked at the 900-ft.
showing a fair amount of ore during the year. In level.
the east country plenty of unpayable ore vras in In 1909 the west cross-cut was extended to 240
sight. feet. It intersected a slide associated with a large
During 1907 driving and stoping on quartz body of quartz, on which drives were put in 85
\'eins were carried out. feet north and 85 feet south, but the ore proved
In 1908 the quartz veins were payable in por- to be low grade. The north drive on the Eastern
tions of the mine only, but on the Avhole the values Slates was extended to 128 feet. A cross-cut
were not consistent. west at this point intersected at 44 feet a formation
of quartz 8 ft. wide, showing a little gold and a
700-ft. Level.—-in 1903 the west cross-cut was slide at 56 feet.
extended to the lode-track, which had two well
During 1910 the west cross-cut was extended to
defined walls, but only a little quartz between them.
249 feet, intersecting a reef 5 ft. thick, one crush-
Drives were opened out north and south on ore
ing from which yielded 6 dwt. 8 gr. of gold per
which showed fair gold. During 1904 the north
ton, which was payable.
drive off the west cross-cut was driven to 140 feet
on quartz 9 in. wide, carrying nice gold. The south 900-ft. Level—Duimg 1903 the main west
drive was in 1 < 0 feet on quartz that was widen- cross-cut at the 900-ft. level was extended to 30
ing as driven on. Along the Western Indicator feet, where it intersected small quartz veins show-
ore of fair quaKty was stoped overhead and under- ing gold. In 1904 very little work was done at
foot. A winze sunk from the south drive on a this level. In 1905 the main north drive was ex-
pyritic seam 33 feet west of the Eastern Indi- tended to 119 feet in a body of unpayable ore,
cator intersected a make of quartz showing but in the south drivé the quartz veins improved
gold. In the intermediate level north the stopes in value. A rise from the Western Indicator
were poor. The make of quartz on the 12-ft. country intersected quartz veins carrying gold.
Slate was small, but carried fair gold. The stopes Durinsr 1906 driving north on the slide revealed
on the Western and Eastern Indicators and the payable ore, a continuation of that worked at the
Mundic Seam gave fair returns. 1.000-ft. level.
 233
111 1907 the main north drive was extended to ton. A rise was put u p 80 feet on the Western
264 feet, within 336 feet of the north boundary Indicator country, Avhere small quartz veins
of the mine. T h e face of the drive was in a carried nice gold.
mass of payable quartz veins 21 ft. Avide, which a I n 1906 the winze f r o m the underhand stope in
rise and stopes proved to be of fair value f o r a the north drive intersected a 6-in. A'ein on the
height of 30 feet. A cross-cut was extended 40 Indicator. A stope opened from the Avest side
feet west f r o m the shaft to intersect formations of the Avinze yielded quartz which averaged 10
profitably worked near the company's south boun- dAA^t. of gold per ton, and going underfoot south.
dary by the N e w N o r m a n b y Company. A strong body of ore carrying visible gold made
on the Indicator. The ore went underfoot in
D u r i n g 1908 the main north drive was advanced
well mineralized country. A rise was put up on
to the north boundary of the mine in strong but
the slide, and crushings taken f r o m it yielded
unpayable quartz veins nearly all the Avay. The
8 dwt. to 10 dA\'t. of gold per ton.
large makes of payable ore stoped over the level
I n 1907 east of the main north drive, rising,
in the early part of the year noAv became poor,
driving, and stoping on large formations with
and blocking out on veins west was commenced,
strong quartz A^eins going off Avest f o r a length
and proved payable. T h e slide in the north end
of 300 feet gave payable returns. A cross-cut east
was prospected, and the quartz Avas found to im-
f r o m the main drive at a point 416 feet north of
prove in A^alue.
the shaft was started f o r the purpose of intersect-
I n 1909 stoping and rising f r o m the main north ing the above shoot, and in the face gold-bearing
drive on quartz A^eins gave fair returns. Large quartz veins A\^ere intersected.
quartz formations opened up on the main slide During 1908 stoping was carried out east of the
gave f a i r returns. During 1910 a big formation main drive f o r 400 feet on ore of f a i r quality,
of quartz was stoped to 30 feet above the main leaving a considerable amount of ground to be
level, but it became poor. Quartz veins were opened up.
worked on the Avest side of the formation.
I n 1909 the stopes on the Eastern Slates
1,000-ft. Level—During 1903 a chamber was opened u^i a good supply of payable ore. At 380
cut at this depth, and a cross-cut was put out west feet west f r o m the shaft, the south drive was
f o r a distance of 210 feet. A t 140 feet the cross- driven to 90 feet, passing through several makes
cut intersected the A n g l e Slip, on which a of low-grade ore. T h e stopes north continued to
north driA^e Ava-s put in f o r 90 feet, where the supply fair ore, but in some places the large
Western Indicator was found on the south side. formations broke up into small veins. The quartz
A trial crushing f r o m the body of quartz on the on the 7-ft. Slates t o the Avest was poor.
Eastern Indicator gave 2 dwt. of gold per ton, During 1910 a large formation and strong
and the principal AA'ork carried out during the quartz veins were payable on the whole. I n the
year at this level consisted of driving north and north workings a strong quartz vein on the Indi-
south and rising on this formation. T h e north cator, carrying coarse gold, w^as paA'able for a
drive on the A n g l e Slip passed through the length of 75 feet.
Black Seam and Pencil Mark, and intersected
1,100-ft. Level.—In 1905 the shaft was sunk
a fault a few feet from the face, which was 90 feet
from the cross-cut. a further depth, and a cross-cut was opened out at
1,100 feet deep f o r 30 feet west.
I n 1904 the main Avest cross-cut passed through During 1906 the main cross-cut west was
a lode-track carrying a little quartz at 480 feet. extended to 160 feet. A t 110 feet west of the
The quartz in the stopes west of the 4-ft. Slate shaft it intersected quartz carrying visible gold,
at 275 feet Avest of the shaft increased in size and at 150 feet it cut unpayable broken quartz
northwards, and crushings averaged 10 dAvt. of showing fi^ne gold, which, on stoping, became more
gold per ton. T h e quartz veins in the south drive defined, and averaged 6 dwt. of gold to the ton.
on the 4-ft. Slate became larger, but were The Black Seam intersected this stone. W e s t of
poor. The north drive on the A n g l e Slip was the Eastern Indicator, the main cross-cut passed
driven to the Indicator, along whicli it was ex- through the Mundic Seam, the R i b b o n Slates,
tended to 369 feet. T h e cross-cut east f r o m the the Mundic Grit, and the Black Seam Slates and
Indicator drive intersected a slide, the Pencil the Angle Slip at 160 feet. A d n v e north on the
Mark, and also some quartz veins. Payable A n g l e Slip cut the Pencil Mark on the north side,
quartz veins on the slide were worked west across and at 95 feet the Indicator. Driving north
the Indicator. A rise of 50 feet on the slide on the Indicator and rising revealed irregular
intersected several makes of quartz, showing gold. quartz veins. A t 135 feet the Indicator was
The north stope on the Indicator showed two better defined. A rise was put up to connect Avith
veins of quartz, and a rise was put up. A rise the 1,000-ft. level, and was extended to 50 feet
on the A n g l e Slip disclosed some small and hardly during the year. Quartz traversed the rise for
payable veins. Prospecting Avas carried out on the whole distance. A drÍA-e was opened out north
the east body of quartz, which averaged 2 d A v t . at the top of the rise, where some nice specimens
to 4 dAvt. of gold per ton. were seen as the drive was extended .'jortlmards.
The cross-cut passed through three channels of
D u r i n g 1905 the west cross-cut was extended to
quartz, which, when crushed, yielded 4 dwt. to
a body of quartz in nice slate country at 600 feet.
the ton.
The north stopes west of the 4-ft. Slates pro-
duced fair ore f o r a time, but eventually became During 1907 the west cross-cut Avas extended
poor. T h e north drive on the Indicator was to 158 feet f r o m the shaft, and the north drive
continued to 535 feet, thè drive following the Avas in 164 feet. N o other work was done at this
northerly pitch of the vein. A rise was started level during the year.
on the Indicator to connect with the 500-ft. In 1908 the main north drive on the Indica-
north level. Quartz veins on the Pencil Mark tor was extended to 337 feet from the cross-cut,
were stoped on with fair results, and a large body passing through several small unpayable quartz
on the eastern side averaged 5 dwt. of gold per veins. A cross-cut was driven east 62 feet to the
 234

Black Seam. At 20 feet south from the north level on the southern boundary are silicified or
face of the main drive a rise on the Indicator indurated, and this causes the sandstones to
connected with the 1,000-ft. level, and greatly resemble quartzite and the slates to become flinty,
improved the ventilation. At 30 feet above the but in the deeper cross-cuts to the north the strata
level drives were put out north and south for a are not indurated. The Indicator has been fol-
total distance of 140 feet on two veins averaging lowed by rises, winzes, and drives from the sur-
5 in. wide, which gave only fair returns. The face to the syncline at the 1,389-ft. level. The
main slide was found at 51 feet in the rise. parallel slates and sandstones, which at times
In 1909 the veins on the Indicator worked carry pyrite seams, have received at times a con-
north in the intermediate level were payable in •siderable amoimt of attention, the chief gold-
places, but not so good as was expected. Ore of producing portion of the mine being the Big
fair quality was worked west of the Indicator. Sandstone and the adjoining slates.
The south drive 113 feet west of the shaft was The " leather-jacket" faults or slides are
driven a total distance of 88 feet, where payable typically developed in this locality, and the shaft
veins were worked for a height of 25 feet. During is jjlaced so as to intersect these in the vicinity
1910 poor quartz veins were worked at this of the more favorable strata. This has led to
level, and also 2 feet of unpayable quartz on the the location and working of six of the lodes Avhich
Indicator for about 30 feet. in places accompany this class of fault (Fig. 63).
The following gold yields were recorded from
1902 to 1911:—

Year. Ore crushed. Gold yield.

tons. oz. Idwt. gi'-

1902 (1 quarter) .553 116 3 0
1903 .. 4,725 1,255 17 6
1904 . . 4,202 1,532 6 0
1905 . . 5,075 1,.581 16 0
1906 .. 5,146 1,329 1 0
1907 .. 6,653 2,240 3 0
1908 .. 13,710 4,433 1 0
1909 .. 13,367 4,385 14 0
1910 .. 10,151 2,159 18 0
1911 (1 quarter) 1,563 610 18 0

(iold to the value of £80,354 l i s . was won

from 65,145 tons of ore treated.
N E W XOHMANBY COMPANY.
(PI. XXV.)
The ground held under lease by this company
was portion of that purchased from Manners by
Àlessrs. Pearce Brothers in 1879. Prior to be-
coming the property of Manners, the ground was
held by the Queen Victoria Company, whose No.
2 shaft was within the New Normanby claim, and
was used by the company as a whim shaft. The
chief workings of the previous companies and
parties lay above water-level to about 120 feet
or 130 feet from the surface.

Structure.
In the location of the shaft site this com^iany
was fortunate, as the structure of the mine
reveals.
A series of alternating spates and sandstones
have a slight easterly dip and form the eastern
limb of an anticline, which is exposed at
125 feet west at the 257-ft. level. The s^-ncline

^ A
FIG. G3. Transverse Section, New Normanby Mine
(looking North). Scale, 300 feet to 1 inoh.
ìa The uppermost of these lodes, known as the
Fio. 61. Saddle Reef, New Normanby Mine, No. 1 Queen, passed through the shaft between the
Level. Scale, 40 ft. to 1 in.
337-ft. and 435-ft. levels, lying 30 feet east at the
east of the Indicator is exposed at the 1.389-ft. former and 70 feet west at the latter depth. This
level at 140 feet east of the shaft. The fold lode was better developed to the south of the
shaft, and a flat quartz vein, which formed west
of the lode, was worked north from the whim-
shaft on the Big Slate and across to the 4-ft.
Slate. In the deeper levels the bulk of the
FIG. 62. Syncline, New Normanby Mm-, 1389-ft. quartz on the leather-jackets, or slides, has been
Level, 140 feet east of shaft. Scale, 40 ft. to 1 in. associated with the western country, but on
the Indicator some rich quartz was worked
pitches south, and its axis is inclined to the west. below the 436-ft. and the 698-ft. levels, and it was
The beds in a western cross-cut at the 1,279-ft. noticed that the richer stone was south of the
 235
cross-cuts, while to the north it was generally quality, both in the level and the stopes. In
poorer with the exception of the veins above the 1892 this face was 360 feet f r o m the cross-cut,
793-ft. level, where quartz of fair quality was and during 1893 it was extended to 484 feet in
worked to a eruss-course within 50 feet of the payable quartz of good average quality from
northern boundary. At the 1,083-ft. and 1,183-ft. 20 ft. to 30 ft., in width, consisting of large
levels good quartz was obtained where a bodies of solid quartz, with many associated quartz
leather-j acket lode crossed the Indicator, the veins. B y December, 1894, the south face was
1,083-ft. level being one of the best levels on the
570 feet south of the cross-cut, and the level and
Indicator. The quartz pitched south (see pi.
the stopes were still keeping up a large output
25), the back of the payable portion conforming
of fair quality ore, but in 1895 the shoot narrowed
to the pitch of the veins f o r a l e n ^ h of 600 feet.
to a length of 100 feet, and was of lower grade.
Xorth of the cross-cuts the veins were poor.
The drive was continued to 607 feet, the reef south
The Western Indicator, about 90 feet west of
of the cross-course in the stopes proving payable,
the main Indicator, was worked on the Queen
but on the level it was small and poor. The
lode south at the 436-ft. level in the south part
stopes were exhausted in 1896.
of the mine; below the 892-ft. level some rich
quartz was won from the Western Indicator. The north drive on western lode was driven
About 1905, at the 1,083-ft. level south, a patch to 130 feet by December, 1894, in a large body
of nuggety quartz yielding 800 oz. of gold was of quartz, which later became broken up and
cut in a rise of 50 feet above a cross-cut from the poor. The west cross-cut was put in to 310 feet
Indicator drive. from the shaft. The Indicator was cut at 150
feet east of the shaft. The cross-cut was con-
A striking feature in this mine is the enrich- tinued to 220 feet, and passed through a slide;
ment of the gold-bearing veins in the vicinity of later a rise was put up on the eastern slates at
a lava or monchiquite dyke, 500 feet south 190 feet. On the Indicator a rise was put up
of the shaft. This enrichment takes place not to the 603-ft. level, and passed through several
only on the Indicator veins, but on the large quartz veins. On the main level a gold-bearing
quartz blows, and on strata parallel to the Indi- quartz vein was followed on the Indicator,
cator. I t was noticed on the Indicator be-
carrying nuggety gold at times. T o the north,
tween the 436-ft. and 534-ft. levels. At the
large formations of quartz carrying rough gold
1,083-ft. level good quartz was followed from the
were located and worked in 1893. These ex-
cross-cut to the dyke; on the Western Indicator
tended east and west of the Indicator Slate.
at this level 8 tons of quartz yielded 800 oz. of
I n 1895 and 1896 a large body of quartz 50 feet
gold. A t the 1,278-ft. level on the New Indi-
east of the Indicator and north of the cross-
cator and south of the dyke, a formation 120 feet
cut averaged 6 dwt. to the ton, but it became
wide was worked, but no gold of any consequence
poor in 1897. Ore of fair quality was won in
was found to the north of it. I n the shalloAv
levels on the Queen lode rich ore was won from 1898, and work ceased in 1899.
near the dyke at the 1,279-ft. level. South on the Indicator some small quartz
veins carrying rough gold were followed and
In the workings on the veins in the neighbour-
risen on, proving more quartz veins of nuggety
hood of the Big Sandstone slides or piths are
character in 1894 and 1895, while from the stopes
found; these slides are younger than the quartz
east of the Indicator the quartz yielded 5 dwt.
veins, which t h ^ fault to the extent of a couple
to the ton. At 395 feet south the quartz veins were
of feet in some instances.-
still payable, and were worked till 1899.
79S-ft. Level—This level was opened in 1890,
Details of Working.
and cross-cuts east and west were put in. The
5SJf-ft. Level.—^This level was opened in 1888, Indicator was cut at 140 feet east on a fault,
and a cross-cut was driven east to the Indica- on which drives were put in and a rise put up.
tor, which was cut at 140 feet from the shaft. A payable quartz vein was located at the cross-cut,
Gold-bearing veins were found, but they were but north at 50 feet and south at 100 feet it became
small in a drive put in south. small and poor. I n the south drive at 180 feet
some large quartz veins dipped underfoot, while a
607-ft. Level.—In sinking the shaft below the
large formation, which was of variable quality
534-ft. level, a body of quartz carrying much
water was cut at 570 feet, and proved to be during 1894 to 1896, was proved on the west side
20 ft. wide. I n 1888 the 607-ft., or No. 5, level of the drive.
was opened, and the Indicator, with quartz veins North on the Indicator at 80 feet from
carrying gold, was cut at 140 feet east of the the cross-cut a gold-bearing quartz vein was
shaft. The drive north on the Indicator to struck in 1893, and some nuggety gold was ob-
120 feet carried nice quartz veins with rough tained from it until the broken country was
gold in places. In the south drive on the Indi- reached. From the stopes over the drive nice
cator the veins dipped underfoot, and a rise put specimens were obtained during 1894 and 1895.
up to connect with No. 4 level passed through The cross-cut west from the shaft passed
four small veins only. through much quartz, and was continued to 224
feet. On the Western Slates, at 180 feet from
On the Western Slates, at 50 feet west from the shaft, a drive south was put in on some small
the shaft, the cross-cut passed through 20 feet quartz for 150 feet, where a cross-cut 30 feet
of quartz carrying a little gold, but not payable. west met 3 feet of payable quartz. On this a rise
A tribute party opened out in a make of quartz was put up, and large bodies of quartz were
west of the Western Slates. The stone proved located. Quartz averaging 11 dwt. to the ton was
payable, and a drive south was put in 140 feet obtained from these workings in 1895. I n 1898
in the quartz, which was small. workings north and west of some former stopes
698-ft. Level.—The western cross-cut in 1889 opened up large formations of fair quality stone
located large bodies of payable quartz at 120 feet under the slide, or leather-jacket, and produced
west of the shaft; on this drives north and south crushing material till 1904, when the workings
were put in. Scuthwarde the ore improved in reached the cross-course at 370 feet south of the
 236

fiOdS-cuL. Suuiii of this the quartz was not on the Indicator, and tested for 70 feet in height
located. A t 230 feet west of the shaft a drive without any better results, but the veins were
was put in south in 1893 on a poor make of payable under this large formation in 1901. North
vertical quartz, which disappeared in clean from the cross-cut the Indicator veins at this
country after 200 feet of driving. level were poor. On the Western Indicator
In 1913 to 1915 a block of payable quartz was some good, though small, quartz was worked in
taken out under the north drive. 1903 at 20 feet south of the shaft. This portion
893-ft. Level.—In 1890 the shaft was sunk a of the mine was prospected f o r several years (till
few feet below the 800-ft. level, but in 1894 a 1905), but the results generally were poor.
sink of 100 feet was completed, and the 893-ft. 1,083-ft. Level—This level was opened in 1896.
level was opened. A t this depth a cross-cut was At 125 feet in the west cross-cut, a large body of
driven east to the Indicator, on which a rise poor quartz was located and driven on south,
of 54 feet cut a body of quartz containing rough various cross-cuts being put in to test its width.
gold, one 20-oz. patch being found. On this an The formation continued large for over 300 feet,
intermediate level was driven north. A fair but at 400 feet the stone in the face was small.
supply of good ore was kept up from the Indi- Stoping over the level began in 1897, a length of
cator for a couple of years, but thereafter it 200 feet being taken. A t 30 feet over the level
became poor. there was 15 feet of solid quartz, averaging 5 dwt.
On the Mundic Slates a large make of poor of gold per ton, with veins of better quality in the
stone was worked, but above this the quartz veins wall. A t 65 feet over the level the stopes ex-
from the poor lode were good. tended to 320 feet f r o m the cross-course or dyke.
I n the intermediate level the veins were worked South of the cross-course the main drive proved a
to a cross-cut at 440 feet south of the main strong body of gold-bearing ore, but driving was
cross-cut, and as the veins dipped, the south drive slow, as the water was heavy.
on the Indicator was extended.
The east cross-cut was driven in 1898. A t 70
The west cross-cut intersected payable stone at
feet it passed through a large gold-bearing forma-
175 feet, along which drives north and south were
tion underlying west, and at 140 feet it inter-
put in. A rise in the quartz at the cross-cut
sected the Indicator, on which a rise and
proved the lode to be 20 ft. wide.
drives were put in. I n the rise several gold-
F r o m a point 350 feet south in the main drive
bearing quartz veins were found. I n the north
at 175 feet Avest of the shaft, a cross-cut west was
drive on the Indicator small veins were fol-
put in to connect with the stopes from the 985-ft.
lowed f o r 188 feet. T o the south the veins were
level.
small for 70 feet, but a large quartz vein came in
985-ft. Zet-eZ,—Shaft sinking below the 893-ft.
at that point. In the stope over the level a vein
level was continued in 1894, and before the close
1 ft. 3 in. wide yielded good patches of nuggets,
of that year a depth of 1,000 feet was attained,
while two payable quartz veins dipped underfoot.
making the shaft the deepest in Ballarat East.
These veins were Avorked during 1898 and 1899,
Early in 1895 the 985-ft. level was opened. The
the south face being then 39 feet f r o m the cross-
shaft passed through 30 feet of quartz resting on
cut.
a fault (leather-'jacket) or slide. The plat at
the 985-ft. level was cut in a large body of quartz, During 1900 the veins were followed to the
but no gold was seen in it. The north drive cross-course and blocked out west of the Indi-
was continued to 302 feet, and the quartz on the cator. A b o v e the level, at 70 feet north of the
fault was stoped until early in 1897, when the cross-course, several gold-bearing quartz veins were
stone became unpayable. found and driven on. Payable ore from this part
of the mine was obtained throughout 1901.
A drive on this formation "was put in south f o r
I n 1902 a large formation was intersected on
225 feet, but it then became small. A t 270 feet
the Western Indicator. This was about 40 feet
south, a west cross-cut intersocted, at 50 feet from,
wide, and of fair quality, showing occasional
the south drive, quartz 12 ft. wide yielding 4 dwt.
patches of rough gold. In 1904 the value of the
of gold per ton. A south drive was put in on
ore fell away as the Indicator was worked north
this formation, which soon improved and aver-
of the cross-cut. I n 1905,_ fair retttrns were
aged 15 feet of payable ore up to the cross-
obtained from the Western Indicator. I n 1906
course. Some rich quartz spurs were found in
some rich yields were obtained on this line
the stopes in 1898. This reef formation was
north of the cross-course, while south the ore was
followed south to the North "Woah H a w p
payable. I n 1907 the quality fell away, and con-
boundary, and was worked by the company f o r
tinued poor dui-ing 1908.
a distance of over 1,000 feet. Near the boundary
the stone was small and poor, but a winze 54 feet 1,182-ft. Level.—k.t 70 feet below the 1,083-ft.
deep cut several veins carrying fair gold, and level a big lode formation underlying west was
an intermediate level at 1,050 feet was opened. cut in the shaft. The 1,182-ft. level Avas opened
1,050-ft. Intermediate Level.—Crcss-cuts east in 1900, and the east cross-cut was driven to the
snd west f r o m the winze were started early in Indicator at 136 feet. A rise Avas put up 60 feet
1895; the east cross-cut reached the Indicator without revealing any quartz, and an inter-
at 157 feet, btit a rise at this point disclosed no mediate leA-el was opened out to reach the vein
quartz. A t 70 feet east of the Indicator a cross- that Avent underfoot in the level above. A t 100
cut disclosed a formation which was worked in feet south, some good patches of nuggets were
the levels below, but it was here found to be un- located, but the quartz A-ein became small, though
payable. it gave good returns during 1902. The inter-
A winze sunk on the Indicator to meet the mediate was continued to the cross-course, but the
rise f r o m the 1,083-ft. level cut three large veins. veins Avere poor f o r 150 feet f r o m the cross-cut.
In 1900 a rise over the south drive north of the Payable quartz AA'as found north of the cros.s-cut.
cross-course intersected a quartz vein, which The Avest cross-cut at 30 feet f r o m the shaft
yielded good patches of nuggets before it pinched intersected a large body of quartz, on which a
and became poor going north. South of the drive was put in f o r 25 feet south without discover-
cross-course a large body of poor quartz was cttt ing gold. At 150 feet west another drive was put-
 287
iu south along a large formation shoAving gold, A cross-cut east from the south drive on the
which was low-grade for over 200 feet. Stopes Western lode was driven to the Indicator, and
over this level were opened in 1901, put proved a quartz vein carrying fine gold was intersected
unpayable, averaging 3 dwt. of gold per ton. on this and driven on. A large body of quartz
1,279-ft. Level.—At 40 feet above this level a on the Western lode north of the cross-cut gave
body of quartz 20 feet thick was struck in the fair results during 1907, but the stone south of
east side of the shaft. The upper part of this the cross-course on the western line was poor.
formation yielded nice specimens. East of the lode the New Indicator belt of
country, which yielded good returns in the level
The 1,279-ft. level was opened in 1900. The
above, was worked; a rise f r o m the south cross-
west cross-cut passed through 30 feet of quartz-
cut proved 20 feet of vein country of fair quality
bearing country, which was tested by drives north
early in 1909, and this proved payable till 1911.
and south. T o the south the quartz pinched, and
to the north the first crushing was payable, but I,]f90-jt. Level.- -This level was opened during
the lode soon became poor and broken. At 96 feet 1906. At 100 feet from the shaft the cross-cut
from the shaft the cross-cut intersected quartz. passed through a lode formation, along which a
A drive south on this formation was put in by south driA^e was extended to the boundary. Be-
the adjoining company to drain its mine; part tween 230 feet and 300 feet from the cross-cut the
of the drive was in clean country, but at 300 feet south drive was in A'eins pitching south carrying
south of the main cross-cut a cross-cut proved the gold, and at 500 feet the country became dis-
formation to be 45 feet in width, and a trial turbed. South of the cross-course, at 450 feet
crushing of 50 tons taken from 25 feet of the south of the cross-cut, the big stone was poor, but
western portion of the lode yielded 11 dwt. of A'eins on the west side carried gold. At 450 feet
gold per ton. At 220 feet south of the main cross- south of the main cross-cut, a cross-cut east
cut the formation was 15 ft. wide, and carried from the drive passed through the New Indi-
gold, and a rise to the level above passed through cator, the West Indicator, and the Indicator
strong gold-bearing veins. The main drive was Slates; and a cross-cut west from the same point
continued to the boundary, and proved the stone intersected a body of quartz at 136 feet from the
south of the cross-course to be gold-bearing, aver- drive. The latter formation yielded 4^ dAvt. of
aging from 3 dwt. to 6 dwt. of gold per ton. Stop- gold to the ton, but became poor in the drives
ing from this drive was commenced in ]902, and extended along i t ; it was then abandoned till 1914,
continued till 1905. Payable stone went u.nder- when payable crushings were again obtained. The
foot to the south cross-course. Forty feet above west cross-cut from the south drive was continued
the level the lode was 18 ft. wide. On the west to 181 feet, and a rise of 44 feet on the quartz
side of the lode spurs of good quality were worked. passed through reached the intermediate level.
The stone south of the cross-course was worked Stoping over the main south drive began in 1907
for a width of 20 ft., but proved of lower value on payable ore, and the veins west to over 40
than the northern side. feet from the lode were richest.
In 1911 the stopes north of the cross-course
In 1902, the cross-cut east intersected the In-
were 500 feet in length and 20 feet wide.
dicator in country, at this point disturbed by a
slide. A rise here cut a gold-bearing quartz vein In 1912 the stopes were 600 feet long, the big
at 54 feet over the level. A drive was put in lode being poor, while the flat veins were about
south on the Indicator, and a small gold-bearing payable; in the south end quartz veins only were
vein was followed, but the country was disturbed, being worked for a width of 45 ft. from the
and the vein went underfoot. I n 1914, quartz boundary. Stoping in this formation was in pro-
veins east of the Indicator and north of the cross- gress in 1915 from the intermediate level 50 feet
cut yielded 4 dwt. to the ton. over the main drive, the face of which was now
On the south boundary a cross-cut west from 200 feet north of the main cross-cut. The lode
the main drive was put in for 291 feet, passing was 12 ft. wide, and flat veins extended 50 feet
through several quartz veins, one of which yielded to the west of it.
15 dwt. of gold to the ton.
I,o90-ft. Level.—The crosscut was opened to-
Between the Western lode and Western Indi- wards the end of 1913, and was driven westerly
cator a large spurry formation v;as opened along a cross-course which was intersected in the
during 1907. This formation, upwards of 300 shaft. At 220 feet south-west of the shaft a lode
feet iu length, was payable for a width of from track was found.: At 60 feet south a payable
10 feet to 35 feet, and to a height of over 80 feet. shoot, 40 feet long, was intersected.
A mineral seam crossing these spurs yielded seve-
ral nuggetty patches on the north side of the In 1913 an intermediate level 50 feet above the
cross-course. main drive yielded fair ore, as did also the stope
above; the higher stopes were in smaller quartz
l,S89-ft. Level.—This level was opened in of low value. In 1914 the intermediate level was
1904, a large formation having been found in the extended to 125 feet north of the cross-cut, the
.shaft. At 140 feet west the main lode was cut lode being taken out for 50i ft. Avide in payable
and driven on south. For 140 feet payable quartz quartz (vein formation). At this point a cross-
was mined 15 feet wide. At 270 feet south this course was struck, which gave out much water,
stone became smaller, but in the stopes over this and no work was done to nrove the formation to
leA'el large bodies of quartz were obtained. An the north of it. Stopes south of the cross-cut
intermediate level was driven 50 feet over this yielded quartz worth from 4 dAvt. to 5 dwt. to the
drive, and was connected with rises. On this inter- ton for 30 ft. wide. These stopes were exhausted
mediate level the block of stone was worked for in 1915.
a length of over 300 feet and to a width of 50
feet. A large supply of stone from these stopes In 1916 a block of quartz under the intermediate
was maintained during 1906, 1907, and 1908. level and north of the cross-cut proved payable,
The east cross-cut was driven to 154 feet without and was taken out. The western lode proved to
locating the Indicator. be poor during the year.
 238

The lode track was followed, a few colours of to 1874. At an earlier date the Canadian, the
gold being met with at 320 feet south, but values Old Canadian, and the South Canadian Com-
to the face on the south boimdar}'' over 600 feet panies worked portion of the area (see pp. 129,
south of the cross-cut were low. 142 & 157).
Several rises were put up and an intermediate
On entering into possession in 1879, Pearce
level was opened at 65 feet above the main drive,
Brothers sank a new shaft (the present main shaft
proving small bodies of quartz. As stoping was
of the North Woah Hawp Company), and on
opened up some large bodies of quartz were re-
opening out at a depth of 350 feet they drained
vealed, and west of the main south drive a large
a water-logged area, which extended from Sove-
lode was located, which proved to be worth from
reign Hill to the Prince Eegent, the water-level
3 dwt. to 4 dwt. to the ton. The ground at this
being within 160 feet of the surface. One of the
level was heavy and required much timber. Stopes
concessions in the lease allowed the owners of the
up to 50 ft. -«-ide were worked over the south drive,
small claims to work to a depth of 260 feet, and
but were barely payable, owing to high cost of
after the water was drained many co-operative
mining and increased quantity of water at this
parties began to work, with the result that A h
depth. The western lode and hanging wall por-
Tuck, Tinworth, and Clarke opened up payable
tion were of better grade (5 dwt. to the ton), and
mines, and these led to the formation of the Woah
were worked for a length of 230 feet, averaging
Hawp Canton Company, and shortly afterwards
12 ft. wide. A winze w^as put down 8 feet in
to the flotation by Pearce Brothers of their area
stone of the same value before work ceased. North
into the North Woah Hawp and the New Nor-
of the cross-cut a large gold bearing formation
manby Companies. The North Woah Hawp
was followed to the cross-course at 85 feet. From
Company utilized several of 'the small parties'
this formation 241 tons yielded 62 oz. 15 dwt. of
shafts, forming these into their Nos. 2, 3, and 4
gold; pyrites worth up to 5 oz. to the ton was pre-
shafts, which were deepened and connected by
sent in the stone to the east, which averaged
levels and stopes with the main shaft. Within
3 dwt. to the ton. Work ceased at the mine early
the present lease is the abandoned shaft of the
in 1917.
North Prince Extended Company; this shaft, 600
feet in depth, was sunk to test the Sulieman line
The following yields were recorded:—
of lode (see p. 161).
Year. Ore Crushed. Gold Yield. The mine is the most southerly of the group of
Ballarat East mines where systematic and con-
tons. OZ. dwt. gr-
1887 .. 277 117 7 12
tinuous operations on the indicator belt have been
1888 . . 1,459 673 16 18 carried out. N o evidence is available to support
1889 .. the view that either the formations or the gold
1890 .. 4,874 233 12 6 contents should extend no further south ; this mme
1891 .. 7,550 2,681 5 0
1892 .. 9,161 6
appears to mark the southem limit of successful
3,534 17
1893 .. 11,840 6,136 12 18 mining on account of want of prospecting at com-
1894 .. 15,368 5,472 5 16 paratively shallow levels further south. Of the
1895 .. 12,778 4,553 11 18 mines in that direction, the South Woah Hawp,
1896 .. 1 11,198 .3,110 17 12
Dalzell-cum-Prince-Eegent, Clarke's, and the
1897 .. j 7,881 2.580 18 12
1898 .. ^ 19,330 6,595 17 0
Prince Regent prospected only limited areas.
1899 .. i 16,944 6,180 1 14
1900 .. 1 14,722 5,439 4 0
Structure.
1901 .. 9,772 2.977 7 12 The North Woah Hawp mine possesses features
1902 .. 9,781 3,704 18 12
1903 .. 15,364 6,132 9 0
typical of the mine adjoining on the north (the
1904 .. 15,473 4,771 3 Ü New Normanby), to which it is connected at
1905 .. 20,474 5,653 8 0 various levels. A series of alternating slates and
2
1906 .. 27,705 6,795 0 sandstones forms the eastern limb of an anticline
1907 .. 27,528 5,718 17 18
1908 ..
that lies to the west of the shaft. The syncline is
30,522 7,652 5 18
1909 .. 30,239 7,689 15 0 visible to the east of the mine under review in
1910 .. 28,674 6,377 12 12 the workings of the Woah Ha-wp Canton (see
1911 .. 22,794 4,871 16 12 p. 245). The beds throughout the mine are nearly
1912 .. 16,016 3,384 8 0 vertical, with occasionally a slight eastern dip.
1913 .. 10,831 2,616 12 0
1914 .. 18,038 4.998 2 0
Over-folded strata are rare, and exist only in close
1915 .. .. ' 19,906 4,063 17 Ü proximity to the leather-jackets, slides, or quartz
1916 .. .. 1 13,213 2,442 6 0 spurs. A minor fold or crumple shows on the
eastern side of the shaft down to the 948-ft. level,
v,-here it dies out in the east-dipping beds.
Gold valued at £531,570 9s. was won from 1887
to 1916, and dividends amounting to £37,200 were The various strata exposed in the cross-cuts are
paid. continuous to the greatest depth attained. Several
of the more favorable beds have received local
NOETH W O A U H A W P MINE.
names, among the typical being:—
(PL X X V I . ) The Streaky Slate, 8 feet east of the Indi-
History. cator.
The Indicator.
The North Woah Hawp Company, which was
The Telegraph, 7 feet west of the Indicator.
formed early in 1883, secured the southern por- The Blocky Slate, 20-40 feet west of the Indi-
tion of the lease held by Messrs. Pearce Brothers, cator.
on which the No. 2 shaft of the defunct Queen The Western Indicator, 90 feet west of the
Victoria Company was situated. Prior to the Indicator.
purchase by Pearce Brothers, in 1879, the area The Mundic Grit in the 6-ft. Slate, 111 feet
was worked by Manners from 1875 to 1878; west of the Indicator.
Manners obtained the lease from the Queen Vic- The Greasy Head Country, 117 feet west of
toria Company, who held the ground from 1868 the Indicator.
 239

The Flucan in the 12-ft. Slate, 160 feet The mine has been remarkable f o r the nuggety
west of the Indicator. gold Avon f r o m the various slates. About 1896
The 18-in. Sandstone, 172 feet west of the one vein on the Western Indicator, at the
Indicator. 1,064-ft. level, yielded 1,100 oz. of amalgam f r o m
The 2-ft. Slate, 174 feet west of the Indi- 11 tons of quartz. This rich patch was found at
cator. about 280 feet south of the main cross-cut, in the
The Big Sandstone, with several 6-in. and one vicinity of several breaks.
1-in. Slates, with 200-230 feet west of the
Indicator.
Details of Workings.
The 4 - f t . Slates, 236 feet west of the Indi-
cator. F r o m the inception, in 1883, until 1887, the re-
cord of work in 'ihallow levels is not available.
The 7-ft. Slates, 270 feet west of the Indi-
cator. Operations were continued at Nos. 1 and 2 levels
in 1887, a second shaft being sunk over the stopes
With slight variation due to faulting, &c., these above the N o . 1 level f o r the purpose of ventila-
average distances are maintained throughout the tion, as well as f o r the haulage of ore and supply
mine. of timber. P r i o r to this the air in the stopes was
bad. The tribute parties on and about N o . 1
level provided the bulk of the quartz during the
earlier part of the year, but when a connecting
Avinze was sunk f r o m N o . 1 to N o . 3 level, rich
veins on the Indicator were made available for
stoping. A t the N o . 3 (468-ft.) level rich quartz
was mined on the Indicator.
B y June, 1888, the N o . 4 (555-ft.) level was
opened, and a western cross-cut was put out to
intersect some quartz passed through in the shaft.
The stopes at the N o . 1 level were poor through-
out 1888, but the N o . 3 level, north and south of
the cross-cut, and the stopes above, supplied ore
of good A'alue, the average return f o r tne year
being over 9 dwt. of gold to the ton.
I n 1889 the Nos. 3 and 4 levels were connected
by a winze. Ore of good quality was found at
N o . 4 level north and south of the cross-cut,
though the veins were small and the country
hard. The main drive, at the N o . 3 level, Vv'as
extended to the north and south boundaries of the
claim, and various blocks were let on tribute. A t
this time prospecting operations were being car-
ried out at the N o . 2 shaft at a depth of 300 feet
Avithout result. I n the N o . 3 shaft tributers were
working the Western lode, which yielded 6 d A v t . to
8 dAvt. of gold to the ton at times. » T h e N o . 4
shaft Avas sunk to a depth of 400 feet, and proved
a large body of payable quartz. I n 1890 the re-
turns f r o m the indicator workings, at the N o . 4
level, fell away. A drive south, 800 feet in
length, cut A^arious formations, but the results
• were poor. The N o . 2 leA-el was connected with
the N o . 4 shaft, and 10 dwt. stone was opened up.
Throughout the year the tributers' blocks were
poor. The N o . 3 level operations were chiefly on
slates west of the Indicator, where ore of fair
average value was found.
Early in 1891 the sinking of the main shaft was
resumed, but at 40 feet beloAv the N o . 4 level, a
body of quartz containing much water was struck.
A larger winding engine Avas installed to deal
with this Avater, and sinking was completed, the
FIG. 64. Transverse Section, North Woah Hawp Mine
No. 5 plat being cut by the end of the year. The
{looking north). Scale, 200 feet to 1 inch. shaft passed through several quartz spurs.

T w o well-defined leather-jacket faults (slides), A t the No. 4 shaft the soxith drive on the Indi-
with the usual accompanying blows of quartz, cator was connected to the W^oah Hawp Canton,
occur, the uppermost reaching from the 840-ft. and large bodies of payable ore were opened up in
to the 1,204-ft. level before reaching the the stopes. The drive in the Western lode at the
west-dipping strata. The-lower fault was worked No. 4 level proved poor ore during the first part
f r o m the 1,204-ft. to the 1,375-ft. level, but, of the year, but the values improved before its
though a large lode continues to and below this close. The stopes at the N o . 2 leA^el yielded a
level, the formation v\'as erratic in gold values. large supply of good ore.
In the northern end of the mine another and stiil In 1892 the cross-cut east at the No. 5 (648 f t . )
lower fault is being worked f r o m the N e w N o r - level Avas extended to the Indicator, a distance
manby mine, but the continuation is not visible of 341 feet, but the quartz veins intersected by
in either the 1,375-ft. or the 1,474-ft. cross-cut driving 260 feet south along the Indicator were
opposite the shaft. not payable, and a rise of 100 feet to the N o . 4
 240

level failed to prove any ore of value. A t the Indicator, where a large mineralized formation
X o . i level the quartz on and to the east of the A v a s located. A t the No. 5 level operations were
Indicator gave fair results. The" Western reef confined to the south stope. The Eastern and
at the southern end of the mine opened up •well. Western Slates at the No. 4 level were worked for
At the JSTos. 2 and 3 levels large bodies of fair part of the year, the result being fair. Opera-
grade ore were being worked. A t the No. 3 shaft tions at the No. 3 level ceased.
prospecting was carried on without result, while I n 1898 the shaft was sunk to 1,050 feet,
in the N o . 4 shaft the quartz maintained a good passing through several formations of quartz, the
average value. water f r o m Avhich was troublesome. The 840-ft.
In 1893 the south drive at the N o . 5 level was level was opened east, and at 200 feet f r o m the
extended to within 400 feet of the south boundary, shaft, and a body of payable ore was found and
and a rise was put up to intersect the continuation driven on. The 948-ft. level, which was also
of the lode worked by the adjoining company, but opened during the year, intersected a lode 6 ft.
nothing payable was found. A t the N o . 4 level wide at 138 feet east of the shaft. The stopes
the drive on the Western slates was extended to at the 743-ft. level continued to supply good ore.
870 feet south of the cross-cut, plenty of ore being
in sight. The Indicator workings at this level I n 1899 the shaft was sunk to 1,080 feet, and
also gave good returns. A t the N o . 3 level driving then sinking Avas abandoned on account of a large
north was in progress, while the stopes over the flow of water f r o m a formation of quartz. The
south end yielded ore of fair quality. At the N o . 948-ft. level cross-cut reached the Indicator
2 level the tributers were on quartz of indiiferent at 325 feet f r o m the shaft, after passing through
value. The N o . 4 shaft was deepened during the a poor formation 40 ft. wide. The Western lode
year. opened up well; in the stopes the ore was payable
During 1894 the south drive at the N o . 5 level f o r a width of 50 ft. and a length of 130 feet.
was extended to near the boundary, proving large The 840-ft. cross-cut Avas extended to 260 feet,
bodies of poor quartz. A t the N o . 4 level the and the Western lode was followed f o r over 500
drive north reached the boundary, and a rise con- feet, but it then became small. The south drive
nected to the N e w Normanby mine, where a large at the 724-ft. level was advanced to 956 feet in
a poor formation, but good stone Avas being Avorked
body of payable ore was being worked. I n the
eastern workings payable ore was also being won. in the stopes, where the lode was small.
South of the cross-cut the ore was of fair quality. In 1900, the western workings at the 948-ft. leA'el
A t the No. 2 level the Indicator, and at the proved a large body of payable quartz. The drives
No. 1 level the Mundic Slate country were on the Indicator were unsuccessful in locating
being worked. The workings f r o m the N o . 3 anything of value. The 840-ft. level east cross-
shaft were also in this run of country. A t the cut was extended to 400 feet, and passed through
No. 4 shaft the Western lode was poor. F o r the a lode 30-ft. wide consisting of solid quartz and
year 11,478 tons of ore yielded 4.166 oz. 4 dwt. veins of a promising character. The drives on
of gold. the Western lode north and south proved payable
In 1895 the south drive at the N o . 5 level ore f o r a length of 500 feet. The drive south on
reached the boundary, and stoping over the level the Indicator occasionally yielded nuggety gold.
was commenced near the f a c e ; the reef averaged During 1901, the north drive on the Indi-
5 dwt. of gold to the ton. Rising on the Indi- cator at the 948-ft. level met Avith only poor ore,
cator to intersect veins which pitched underfoot but A'eins in the stopes above the driA'e AA'ere pro-
from the N o . 4 level was in progi-ess. Drives fitable, though patchy. The stopes on the Western
north and south on the Indicator located lode were large and payable. A t the 840-ft.
nothing of value. A t the N o . 4 shaft the Western level the drive on the Western Indicator carried
lode in the south stopes was irregular in value. veins of quartz which showed coarse gold occa-
The workings on the Indicator were pay- sionally, but were poor on the average. The
able. A t the N o . 3 level north, payable stone 743-ft. level Avas worked on tribute, fair results
was cut and stoped. At the N o . 2 level south, being obtained f r o m small A'eins. At the 468-ft.
a rise was put up, the slide was cut, and a drive level, some quartz veins east of the Indicator
put in on payable ore. At the No. 2 level gave good results f o r a time. The net results
tributers were at work on small veins, while in the compared faA'-orably with those of the preceding
No. 1 level a payable formation was found at year. 15,554 tons crushed for 5,621 oz. of gold
200 feet north of the cross-cut. Towards the end in 1900, compared AATith 14,954 tons crushed f o r
of the vear the shaft was sunk an additional 6,157 oz. during 1901.
50 feet. In 1902, the Indicator at the 948-ft. level
In 1896 the 743-ft. ( N o . 6) level was opened yielded payable, though patchy, ore. On the
and the cross-cut east Avas extended to 140 feet Western lode, the stopes connected with the New
passing through a large unpayable formation. A Normanby Company's workings, where a large
drive south on the 4-ft. Slate was extended payable formatton was being stoped. The southern
f o r over 400 feet without meeting payable quartz. stopes on this line were chiefly on payable veins.
At the No. 5 level several nuggets were located Cross-cuts west of the Western lode, and east of
on the Indicator. A rise on the south boundary the Indicator, failed to open u p any payable
connected to the North Prince Regent workings. ore. A t the 840-ft. level, work on the Indicator
The supplies of ore at the Nos. 3 and 4 levels met Avith little success. The operations in the
were exliausted, and the Nos. 1 and 2 levels were 743-ft., 555-ft.,_and 468-ft. levels were confined to
abandoned. small quartz veins of pafchy value. For the year,
10,919 tons of ore yielded 6,015 oz. of gold.
Throughout 1897 the stopes in the south end
of the No. 6 level yielded larger bodies of patchy In 1903, shaft sinking was resumed f o r another
ore from the lode, which was 30 feet Avide. A 220 jFeet, and plats were cut at 1,064-ft. and
connexion to No. 5 level secured good ventilation. 1,137-ft. levels. A. formation which was cut in
At 50 feet east of this lode was a make of the shaft at 1,080 feet continued in the shaft to
quartz 15 feet wide, and at 110 feet the Western the 1,137-ft. level; it showed fair gold at times,
 241
and yielded f r o m 2 dwt. to 5 dwt. of gold to the In 1905, the output was still larger, 28,219 tons
ton. At the 1,137-ft. level, a drive was put in yielding 8,557 oz. of gold, but the Western lode
north f o r 125 feet along this formation, which at the 1,137-ft. and 1,064-ft. levels only averaged
proved to be payable. The south drive proved 3 dwt. of gold per ton. The shaft was sunk a few
ñat quartz veins. The east cross-cut reached the feet during the year. At the 1,137-ft. level, at
footwall or slide at 50 feet east of the shaft.
150 feet north of the main cross-cut, a parallel
Operations at a depth of 1,204 feet were con- north drive was put in f r o m a cross-cut 23 feet
ducted f r o m the JN ew ormanby mine, a cross-cut in length. Stoping between the two north drives
on tüe boundary meeting several payable quartz was carried on to 270 feet north of the shaft. The
veins, l l i e l,utí4-lt. cross-cut was üriven to the south drive on the 4-ft. Slate was extended to
Indicator at 320 feet east of the shaft, and a 306 feet on flat quartz veins of average value. The
rise to the level above passed through several tributers in the upper levels worked chiefly on the
veins. Western Indicator with varying results.
i n the main cross-cut, two quartz veins carrj'ing In 1906, shaft-sinking was completed, and the
payable gold were found within 200 feet of tlie
1,204-ft. level was opened, from which cross-cuts
S h a l t i drives were put in north and south on small
were extended west 54 feet and east 143 feet. A
veins in the 4-it. .blate. The Flucan and tlie
drive south was put in for 37 feet on a formation
Western lodes were also worked at this level.
which had been intersected by the west cross-cut,
At the y4b-ft. level, the Western lode was stoped, but the quartz became small at the end of the
a large formation being mined in the north end, drive. In the east cross-cut, at 140 feet f r o m the
and nat aurilerous quartz veins in the southern shaft, drives were put in north and south on a
workings. Payable quartz veins were found on
small vein which carried gold.
the Western Indicator. The north drive on
the Indicator connected with the New Nor- At the 3,137-ft. level the stopes on the Western
manby mine, and opened some good veins. Alany lode continued payable. The ore in the south
nuggets were obtained f r o m a drive on the slide drive on the Western Indicator improved, but
intersecting the Indicator. became poor in the north drive. The Western
lode was worked at the 984-ft. and 1,064-ft. levels,
Work at the 840-ft. level was conüned to chiefly on small quartz veins, which gave good
payable quartz veins in the Western Indicator returns.
country. A t the 743-ft. level, the stopes in the
south end of the workings continued to yield well, During 1907 operations were confined to th«
while prospecting east of the Indicator at the deep levels, and a new level was opened at 1,273 feet»
648-ft. level revealed several small low-grade from which a west cross-cut was put in 60 feet,
veins. Small quartz veins were stiü being worked where a small body of quartz carrying a little gold
was driven on north. The east cross-cut was
at the 555-ft. and 468-ft. levels, but the results
driven only 20 feet by the end of the year. At the
varied considerably. The amount of ore crushed
1,204-ft. level the main north drive was extended
during the second half of the year was double
to 500 feet, and stoping above the level yielded
that put through during the first half. The total
large bodies of payable ore for the last 200 feet.
for the year was 14,476 tons crushed f o r 7,448 oz.
Other lines of slates were being proved by drive?,
of gold.
and large quantities of ore averaging over 5 dwt.
During 1904, a greatly increased output was se- of gold per ton were opened up. At the 1,137-ft.
cured from large bodies of ore at several levels, and level the western stopes yielded average results.
though the average values were lower, the profit The north drive off the east cross-cut was patchy,
was satisfactory. At the 1,137-ft. level, the lode while south the stopes on the Western Indi-
went underfoot at 200 feet north, but good values cator gave variable residts, a. few rich patches
were obtained f r o m a winze. The main cross-cut being found early in the year, but the general re-
at the 1,137-ft. level was extended to the In- sults were poor. The stopes from the inter-
dicator, several quartz veins being intersected. mediate above the 1,064-ft. level gave fair returns,
The main north drive on the 4-ft. Slate was but the quartz veins were small. F o r the year
carried to 220 feet in ore of fair quality; while 19,868 tons were crushed for a yield of 2,589 oz.
the stopes above yielded a large quantity of ore
of average value. T o the south, the drive fol- A new winding plant was erected early in 1908,
lowed a large flat vein of fair quality for 170 feet. the water in the lower workings proving too heavy
f o r the machinery in use. At the 1,273-ft. level
A t the 1,064-ft. level, a rise on the Indicator the east cross-cut was extended to 100 feet, where
connected to the level above, and an intermediate the footwall of a large body of quartz was found,
level driven to intersect the vein worked below the and drives were put in north and south along the
948-ft. level failed to locate any payable ore during western edge of the formation. At 500 feet north
the year. On the Western lode, several makes of the drive broke through to the New Normanby
stone were worked, the north drive proving a lode workings, and stoping over the level was com-
20 ft. wide at 260 feet from the cross-cut. The menced in payable stone. For 300 feet south the
stopes on this lode were in quartz of irregular large body of stone carried fair gold in some places,
value. At the 948-ft. level, the spurs on the •it the 1,204-ft. level large quantities of ore of
Western lode carried large bodies of payable average quality were won, that in the north end
quartz in the north drive, while veins continued going underfoot. The 7-ft. Slate country was
in the south drive. Prospecting operations on the intersected by a cross-cut west from the north
Western Indicator located a payable flat for- drive. The south workings were chiefly in pay-
mation. The results from the 840-ft., 743-ft., able vein country. For the year 23,202 tons of
and 468-ft. levels were mostly poor, and the work- ore crushed returned 6,654 oz. of gold.
ings on the Eastern line at 468-ft. level, after In 1909 the main south drive at the 1,273-ft.
connecting with a whim shaft f o r ventilation, &c., level was extended to 517 feet on patchy ore.
were abandoned. From the New Normanby mine, North of the cross-cut the drive was connected to
the Western lode was stoped f r o m the boundary the New Normanby mine. Stoping on the east
cross-cut with good results. The year's output side of the big lode proved low-grade ore, but a
was 8,062 oz. of gold from 24,449 tons of ore. rise of 20 feet from a cross-cut at a point 80 feet
4424.—16
 242

west of the east wall opened up a payable for- year ended; small quartz veins on the west side
mation 12 ft. wide. were payable. The south drive and stopes were
also poor.
A t the 1,204-ft. level quartz veins crossing the
New Indicator gave fair returns. The tributers A t the 1,204-ft. level, a rise on the Western
at the 1,064-ft, level worked veins north on the Indicator holed through to the level above, pass-
7-ft Slates, which yielded 5 dwt. to the ton. ing through two quartz veins showing gold, on
which drives were started. Prospecting on the
A t the 840-ft. level a rise f r o m near the south
Western make failed to prove any payable forma-
face on the Indicator proved only two small
tions.
quartz veins. The quartz vein worked by the
Woah Hawp Canton Company was found in a
A t the 1,064-ft. level, the rise on the Indi-
winze 415 feet south of the cross-cut; it yielded
cator was carried up 94 feet without result, but
180 oz. of nuggets from a drive 115 feet long.
at this point a quartz vein which gave good
This discovery caused work to be resumed at Jie
returns was worked for 50 feet; but t & country
948-ft. level, where the south drive was extended
then became broken, and poor ore was followed
to 156 feet along a quartz vein which pitched
to the boundary. In the north end, a patch of
underfoot.
260 oz. was found. A rise of 70 feet on the
Western Indicator disclosed two unpayable quartz
In 1910 successful operations on the Indi-
veins.
cator veins enabled the company to resume pay-
ing dividends, £6,000 being distributed ia the
In 1912, notwithstanding vigorous prospecting
twelve months. At the 1,273-ft. level the east
on the Indicator at several levels, the results
cross-cut was extended to the Indicator at
were poor. One dividend of 6d. was paid, and
342 feet without meeting any ore of value. From
calls totalling 9d. were made during the year.
the main north drive a body of quartz 30 ft. wide
The New Normanby Company left payable stone
was cut on a flat fault, and proved payable over
on the boundary at a depth of 1,500 feet, and
a length of 300 feet, the bulk of the stone crushed
arrangements were made for the working of this
during the year coming f r o m this formation. At
shoot in the North Woah Hawp mine from the
the 1,204-ft. level prospecting in the south end of
new boundary drive. The stone proved to consist
the mine failed to disclose any payable ore. At
of rich flat makes pitching south. A block 20 ft.
the 1,064-ft. level the south drive on the Indi-
long and 25 ft. wide yielded 255 tons of ore, which
cator was continued to 290 feet, and a rise was
gave 237 oz, of gold. These veins were in the
put up to cut the quartz veins which pitched
west side of the drive driven from the New Nor-
underfoot in the level above. A small payable
manby end in 1911,
quartz vein was worked on the Western Indicator
in the north end.
At the 1,375-ft. level, the cross-cut east was
driven 36 feet, and a north drive of 90 feet was
A t the 948-ft. level the south drive on the In- put in on quartz; a rise of 33 feet from the end
dicator was continued to 425 feet, and reached of the drive proved auriferous quartz over a slide,
settled country, carrying payable gold, after pass- and an intermediate level was driven 220 feet
ing through 50 feet of broken country. At north from the rise. Up to a small cross-course,
345 feet a rise was put up, and cut a nuggety vein, the stone was fair, but beyond that poor; the
which yielded 70 oz.; at 50 feet up a slide was cut, stopes over the intermediate w^ere about payable.
and above this and below another slide very rich
quartz was worked on the Indicator. Payable From the north face a cross-cut was put in
quartz on the 7-ft. Slates was being opened up 130 feet to test the lode met in shaft-sinking, but
south of the main cross-cut. A drive on the nothing of value was located. The Eastern lode
Indicator veins below the 840-ft. level con- workings at the 1,273-ft. level were let on tribute
nected to the Woah Hawp Canton, a stope 15 feet early in the year, and the yields from these ranged
high being taken out (p. 245). A rise over from 4 dwt. to 5 dwt. to the ton, the ore being won
the level was put up 58 feet, and a south drive was by stoping. At 450 feet south of the cross-cut, a
put in on a quartz vein, but little gold was won rise met a large formation of fair value, and north
in 40 feet of driving. The total yield for 1910 some promising quartz veins were located. The
(including nuggets) was 7,164 oz. of gold from west lode workings were also let in blocks, but the
19,853 tons of ore crushed. returns were poor throughout the year. At the
1,204-ft. level, the workings on the Western Indi-
For the first half-year of 1911 dividends amount- cator gave payable returns for a time, but later
ing to £4,200, or 3s. 6d. a skare, were paid, and a the quartz pitched south and became poor, so
reserve fund of £1,000 was established, but during prospecting ceased.
the second half, although a dividend of 6d. a share
was paid in July, calls of Is. a share were made. At the 1,064-ft. level, some small quartz veins
The exhaustion of the Indicator veins accounted met with on the Indicator proved unpayable,
for the falling in gold yield, and the cost of shaft- while the ore from the western workings also was
sinking added to the mine expenses. The shaft poor. The Indicator workings at the 948-ft. level
was deepened 100 feet, and a plat was cut for the were poor; the north drive carried two quartz
1,375-ft. level. veins showing gold, and was continued to 400 feet
from the cross-cut; and in the south drive a face
At a depth of 1,490 feet a drive was put in from of stone was driven on, this also was poor. Some
the New Normanby mine f o r a distance of 207 fair returns were obtained from the western for-
feet, and gold-bearing quartz was found, which mation, south of the cross-course.
yielded 4^ dwt. to the ton.
At the 743-ft. level, a cross-cut east was driven
The stopes on the 1,273-ft. level north on the towards the Indicator from the 4-ft. Slate at 720
big lode were in large bodies of poor ore, which feet south of th© cross-cut, and a quartz vein
became too poor to be worth extracting before the showing gold was met on the Western Indicator,
 243

•where a rise of 35 feet proved the veins to be poor. this point revealed no colours of gold. The vein«
For the year^ 11,581 tons of ore yielded 3,843 oz. were stoped across from the Mundic Grit to the
of gold. Western Indicator. The Indicator veins at the
948-ft. and 743-ft. levels gave only poor returns.
Throughout 1913, operations were unprofitable,
ten calls being necessary to carry on prospecting; During the latter half of the year 1914 the
although the deepest workings were on good stone, drive north at the 1,474-ft. level, at 15 feet east
the other levels were poor. This led the company of the shaft, was continued to 282 feet, intersect-
to sink the shaft an additional 35 feet towards the ing a numbeii of quartz veins which yielded u p to
close of the year. 6 dwt. of gold to the ton. A connexion "was made
from the north drive by a cross-cut east to the
At the 1,500-ft. level, the workings f r o m the New Normanby south drive (1,500-ft. level), and
X e w Normanby mine proved quartz veins f o r a some flat quartz veins were passed through up to
length of 150 feet from the boundary; these 1 ft. 3 in. wide, and auriferous. Poor quartz was
yielded from 7 dwt. to 1 oz. to the ton, the bulk met with in the 1,375-ft. and 1,273-ft. level
of the quartz coming from fiat veins over a slide; stopes, but payable veins were worked on the Indi-
but on the 7-ft. Slate a veii;ical body 8 feet wide cator at the 840-ft. and 948-ft. levels.
was worked.
I n 1915 the output fell away, owing partly to
Above the 1,375-ft. level, the intermediate level the poor quality of the ore in sight, and partly
proved a series of quartz veins, and was driven to the shortage of miners, owing to the war con-
north to the N e w Normanby boundary on payable ditions. At the 1,474-ft. level the reef on the
ore, while stoping was carried out on the westeni north boundary became small and poor in the level,
side of the drive. A cross-cut west f r o m a rise 40 while to the west of the drive the stopes opened
feet high, over the main cross-cut, was driven large bodies of low-grade ore. Payable returns
75 feet, and passed through two bodies of quartz were obtained early in the year f r o m above the
of poor quality. The main cross-cut was extended main drive at 60 feet north of the cross-cut, where
to 253 feet, and the Western Indicator cut, but a body of stone 3 ft. Avide was mined. South of
no quartz was located. A t th© 1,273-ft. level, the cross-cut a rise passed through several flat
payable values were obtained f o r a few months veins showing gold, but these did not develop into
f r o m the tribute blocks on the east lode, but the sufficient size or quality to extract. A t the 1,375-ft.
quartz became small and poor. level the north stopes were worked to l,273-ft.-level
on ore of low grade, while southwards over the
At the 1,204-ft. level, prospecting on the intermediate the values were not profitable. A t
Western Indicator by a south drive from a the 1,273-ft. level the quartz veins east of the main
rise failed to locate anything payable, only low- lode were about payable, while those to the west
grade ore being met. Nothing payable was met were poor during the first term, but averaged 5 dwt.
in the Indicator drive at 948-ft. level, which to the ton during the latter half year. Above the
was carried to the boundary on these veins. The 1,204-ft. level a rise of 70 feet on the Indicator
workings on the 7-ft. Slate also were poor intersected the Slide, and a winze sunk from
Rising above the 743-ft. level f o r 73 feet only the 1,137-ft. level, as a connexion, failed to locate
located two small veins, which proved to be poor quartz veins of value. Quartz veins east of the
when driven on south. The W^estem Indicator Indicator were worked at the 840-ft., 948-ft.,
was prospected to a cross-course which threw the and 1,06 i-ft. levels, and at the 1,064-ft. level some
country south-east; to this point a little gold was payable veins were worked west of the former
visible. For the year, 11,836 tons of stone were stopes, both north and south of the cross-cut.
crushed f o r 3,146 oz. of gold. Towards the end of the year a drive south on the
Indicator from a rise above the 1,068-ft. level,
Operations f o r the first half of 1914, though at the intersection with a slide, yielded some rich
not profitable, showed a sHght improvement on specimens, f r o m which a yield of 153 oz. 18 dwt.
1913. The shaft was deepened, and the 1,474-ft. of gold was obtained; this was 250 feet ncrth of
level was opened out and a cross-cut east extended the W o a h H a w p Canton boundary.
to 80 feet, entering the Big Sandstone. A t 15 feet
east of the shaft, a make of gold-bearing quartz was I n 1916 the drive on the Indicator above
intersected on the 7-ft. Slate, and driving north 1,064-ft. level was continued f o r over 200 feet, but
started. F r o m the N e w Normanby end, the no further specimens were obtained, the country
quartz veins were opened over the level, and being much broken. North at this level quartz
proved payable. The stopes f r o m the interme- veins of low grade were worked west of the old
diate workings over the 1,375-ft. level reached the stopes on the main slide.
1,273-ft. level, and some rich spurs were met at
Small quartz veins were worked on the Indi-
times in the Big Sandstone, but the bulk averaged
cator at the 840-ft. and 948-ft. levels. A t the
only 4 dwt. A large formation was prospected by
1,273-ft. level veins on either side of the Eastern
a south drive at 30 feet below the 1,273-ft. level.
lode ranged up to 5 dwt. to the ton, but fell away
At the 1,204-ft. level, the stopes in the south end
towards the end of the year.
yielded the bulk of the ore treated; this was of
fair quality, while the north end was poor. Above Payable ore was mined above the 1,474-ft. level
the l,20_4-ft. level, a cross-cut east was started early in the year on the western side of the
from a rise 60 feet high in a cross-cut east 60 feet slide. On the Big Sandstone country a make of
from the south drive at 240 feet south of the quartz 3 ft. wide yielded 9 dwt. to the ton for
main cross-cut and 180 feet east of the shaft. some time. A t a depth of 1,530 feet a drive was
put in 50 feet f r o m the N e w Normanby mine on
F r o m the top of this rise an intermediate level a body of quartz 6 ft. wide of low grade. Owing
was driven south, and was connected with the to the cessation of operations at the N e w N o r -
1,137-ft. level on the Western Indicator line. manby mine, and the consequent flooding of the
Two patches of 100 oz. each were found below lower levels, work ceased in the lower levels of
Horley's workings, but 70 feet of driving beyond the North W o a h Hawp mine at the end of 1916.
4424.-17-
 244

The following gold yields were recorded: — The shaft was sunk to a depth of 893 feet dur-
ing 1904, and a cross-cut west was opened at 850
Y'ear. Ore Crashed. Gold Yield. feet from the surface. A t 75 feet from the shaft
a rise, put up on a 6-in. slate bed in the Big
tons. oz. 1dwt. gr-
1888 .. 5,044 1,473 9 0
Sandstone, cut 3 feet of poor quartz. A t 132 feet
1889 .. 6,667 4,811 5 6 the cross-cut intersected the cross-course on which
1890 .. 8,196 3,008 2 18 a short drive was put in south-west along 3 feet
1891 .. 6,703 2,295 11 0 of poor quartz. A t 110 feet a rise was put
1892 .. 8,878 2,907 4 12 through to the 769-ft. level on the 4-ft. Slate,
1893 .. 8,155 3,'i67 19 0
and 17 feet over the cross-cut a slide carrying
1894 .. 11,470 4,166 4 0
1895 .. 8,969 3,459 13 0 quartz was cut; but a trial crushing proved that
1896 .. 6,665 2,646 9 18 it was poor.
1897 .. 5,346 1,913 13 18 During 1905, at the 769-ft. level, a fair amount
1898 .. 8,037 2,989 16 0
of payable quartz was obtained, the stone ranging
1899 .. 14,077 4,107 1 4
1900 .. 15,554 5,621 9 0 up to 20 feet in width, but this was exhausted
1901 .. 14,954 6,156 12 18 before the end of the year.
1902 .. 10,919 6,185 5 0 The shaft was sunk to a depth of 1,116 feet
1903 .. 14,476 7,447 17 12 during 1905, and a level was opened at 950 feet.
1904 .. 24,449 8,062 12 0
1905 .. 28,219 7,577 9 12
The east cross-cut passed through a leather jacket
1906 .. 11,345 4,458 10 0 at 17 feet, and the Western Indicator at 65 feet,
1907 .. 19,868 6,589 1 18 where a rise was put u p ; the west cross-cut was
1908 .. 23,866 6,777 14 0 continued to 280 feet from the shaft, but proved
1909 .. 20,911 5,671 4 10 nothing of value.
1810 .. 19,853 7,163 14 0
1911 .. 15,225 6,220 1 0 In 1905, at 1,025 feet cross-cuts were opened
1912 .. 8,081 2,539 12 0 east and west. A t 50 feet east the Western Indi-
1913 .. 11,936 3,146 3 0 cator was reached, and the cross-cut was then
1914 .. 10,767 2,756 3 0 stopped. The western cross-cut passed through the
1915 .. 8,585 2,483 18 0
4-ft. Slate at 130 feet from the shaft; on this belt
1916 .. 6,184 1,259 15 0
of slate a south drive was put in 38 feet, but the
quartz in the drive was unpayable, and no further
The total tonnage to the end of December, work was done here.
1916, was not recorded. The 1,100-ft. level was opened towards the end
Gold obtained was valued at £574,387 15s. l i d . of 1905, and a west cross-cut was put in 370 feet.
Dividends paid, £52,650. A t 56 feet it intersected the 12-ft. Slate, which
Koyalty paid, £29,701 43. Id. carried a large quantity of barely payable quartz.
SOUTH WOAH H A W P COMPANY. A t 82 feet a strong make of quartz on the Big
Sandstone yielded a little over 4 dwt. of gold per
(PL xxvii.) ton. A t 95 feet a leather jacket slide cut off the
The South Woah Hawp Company began opera- quartz. A t 117 feet the cross-course was inter-
tions in 1903, securing the shaft of the North sected, and on this a drive south-west was put in
Prince Regent Company, which was sunk to a for 55 feet in a fair body of quartz, showing gold
depth of 774 feet. The shaft was deepened to as far as the 4-ft. Slate, where the quartz was
1,200 feet, but prospecting operations, carried 4 feet wide. A t 157 feet from the shaft, on the
on for several years, failed to locate any of the 7-ft. Slate, a make of quartz 3 feet thick yielded
large bodies of quartz so successfully worked in 51 dwt. of gold per ton. A t 162 feet west drives
the North Woah Hawp Company's mine, adjoin- north and south were opened on a flat make, which
ing on the north. This was the more unfortunate, attained a width of 20 feet, and the first crushing
as a considerable length of ground to the south yielded 28 02. 10 dwt. of gold from 62 tons of
between this mine and the large cross-course quartz.
yielded rich returns from the shallow levels. No. 1 drive south, at 80 feet west of the shaft,
Throughout this mine ventilation was bad, but was continued to 90 feet from the cross-cut, with
after it closed down the Woah Hawp Canton a body of quartz 30 feet wide on the western side
Company effected a connexion from their No. 1 of the drive; the values were low, although the
shaft to the bottom level, which drained the mine quartz veins contained some rich specimens. The
and provided a good air-way. Operations ceased No. 2 drive south (from 25 feet along the drive)
in 1910. on the cross-course 117 feet from the shaft was
Detaih of Workings. continued to 273 feet from the cross-cut; a fair
When operations began in 1903, the shaft was body of quartz was followed to 233 feet, where a
repaired to a depth of 769 feet, and the 37.5-ft., small cross-course occurred, beyond which the lode
425-ft., 485-ft., 704-ft., and 769-ft. levels were was disturbed. Stoping and "winging o f f " on this
re-opened. A t the three upper levels the east drive produced a large quantity of quartz during
crosscuts were extended, and veins were cut, on 1906. A rise on the 4-ft. Slate to the 1,025-ft.
which drives were put in north and south. A t level passed through two small makes of quartz.
the 704-ft. level the west cross-cut was repaired A large body of payable quartz opened during
for 80 feet, where a drive south yielded small 1906 and 1907, at 160 feet west of the shaft,
crushings of low-grade quartz. The chief work north on the 7-ft. Slate, yielded from 6 dwt. to
was at the 769-ft. level, where the west cross-cut 11 dwt. of gold per ton.
was repaired for 107 feet. On the 4-ft. Slate at During 1907 the shaft was sunk to a depth
100 feet west a drive south was repaired and ex- of 1,185 feet, and a cross-cut was opened at 1,175
tended to 106 feet on 2 feet of low-grade quartz. feet. A cross-cut west was put in to find the
A t 56 feet south a rise of 8 feet over the level continuation of the lode worked in the level
proved a body of quartz, which was payable for above, but 166 feet of driving failed to intersect
a length of 50 feet. The main drive north on the more than a few veins of quartz. A drive waa
4-ft. Slate was continued for 150 feet, where put in south-west on the cross-course for 30 feet to
broken country was intersected. A stope over the the 4-ft. Slate, on which a gold-bearing vein 1 ft.
main drive proved a make of payable quartz 30 6 in.- wide was c u t ; in a drive driven south for
feet wide. 50 feet this vein did not increase in size or value.
 245
A drive north was put in 30 feet, and also a vein which carried a shoot of comparatively small
rise to the quartz worked in the level above. gold.
The east cross-cut at 41 feet east of the shaft
I n 1910 shaft sinking was resumed, and levels
cut the Western Indicator with two small quartz
were opened out at dA6 feet and 1,004 feet irom
veins showing gold. A drive south on the forma-
the surface. Operations in the upper levels
tion for 50 feet and a rise of 30 feet over the
were also resumed, but the results were not
drive failed to locate any quartz. W^ork at this
satisfactory. A t the 328-it. level the Hibbon
level ceased dturing 1908 but was resumed in 1909
Slates and the Eastern Indicator lines were
when the south drive on Western Indicator was
prospected. A t the 520-ft. level the Western
extended.
Indicator and Mundic Grit lines were tried,
Prospecting at the 845-ft., 765-ft., and 700-ft. and much quarcz was found, but it was ol
levels, in 1908 and 1909, revealed only unpayable low-grade, and unprofitable to work. A t the
quartz and work ceased early in 1910. 752-it. level the north drive on the Indicator
The following yields were recorded: — was continued in a body of poor quartz to the
Year. Ore Crushed.
boundary, a distance oi 296 feet. The south
Gold Y'leld.
drive on the Indicator was also continued to
tons. oz. d w t . gr- 310 feet, where a payable vein of quartz pitch-
1891 .. 70 147 5 0 ing to the south was driven on in an intermediate
1892 . . 36 82 4 0
drive over the main level. At 355 feet in irom
1893 .. 170 153 4 0
1894 .. 173 341 15 0
the cross-cut a cross-course was met with, and
1895 .. 10 23 7 0 threw the Indicator 6 feet to the west. A t th_
1904 .. 1,321 341 10 0 852-ft. level the north intermediate drive on thb
1905 .. 801 214 6 0 Indicator was continued to the lease boundary
1906 .. 5,191 1,200 1 0
1907 .. 359 63 15 0
in highly payable quartz, from which nuggets of
1908 .. 2,045 483 2 0 varying size were obtained (Eig. 24, p. ]16).
1909 .. 1,194 378 4 0 This drive was connected to the main level. South
1910 .. 160 12 5 0 the main Indicator drive was continued to 328
feet, but no quartz vein was met with. The
intermediate level driven f r o m the 40-ft. rise
WOAH HAWP CANTON COMPANY.
was then driven until the vein pinched out at 100
(PI. xxviii.) feet f r o m the rise.
This mine was taken up by a party of Chinese
in about the year 1882. Prior to this the shal- On the Western Indicator at the 852-ft.
low levels had been worked, but were abandoned level a rise was put up, and passed through seve-
on reaching water level. As operations on ral quartz veins, but these were poor. home
Pearce's lease proceeded, the water level was cross-cuts were put in east of t^e indicator
lowered, and work was then resumed. The without meeting any payable quartz. At a
Chinese company was successful in locating depth of 930 teet a new level was opened out
many rich patches on the Indicator, but, being west to the Indicator, where a rise was put
a private concern, these were rarely recorded. up to the 852-ft. level passing through a body ol
Mr. E . Hardy, who f o r many years acted as broken quartz, and here a main north drive was
manager to the company, states that the gold put in to meet the Indicator north of the
sold from the mine from its inception up to July, cross-course. North of the cross-course a rise
1901, amount to 58,130 oz. passed through two small quartz veins before
meeting a large one at 50 feet above the level.
A company called the Sun-You-Hing then held
Driving on this vein yielded a large number ot
the area for some time, but their operations in
nuggets ranging up to lOU oz. in weight, and the
the old levels were not successful. I n 1908 a
vein ranged from 1 ft. up to 4 ft. in width. On
Geelong syndicate secured the claim, and shortly
the Western Indicator a rise was put up, buv
afterwards the Woah Hawp Canton Mines Com-
only cut some small veins of quartz.
pany IsT.L. was formed.
At the date of commencing operations the A t a depth of 1,004 feet a cross-cut to the west
main shaft was 650 feet in depth. Shaft sink- passea through the Indicator without meet-
ing was resumed, and in June, 1909, a depth of ing with any quartz, and a rise put up to the
852 feet was reached. A t this level a cross-cut 930-ft. level failed to locate any quartz veins on
west cut the Indicator, but no gold was found. the Indicator. The stopes on the quartz
The company having spent nearly £9,000 was on veins on the Indicator above and below the
the point of suspending operations when a gold- 852-ft. level yielded, besides nuggets, good crush-
bearing vein was intersected 40 feet up in a rise ing ore during the year. I n November, 1909,
from the 852-ft. level. Within a fortnight of shaft sinking was resumed.
striking this vein nuggets of 220 oz., 154 oz.,
During 1910 Tinworth's mine was purchased,
60 oz., 43 oz., and 5 oz. respectively, were ob-
and their shaft now formed the No. 2 shaft of
tained, while f r o m a crushing of 40 tons of
the company. This shaft was unwatered and
quartz an additional 80 oz. was obtained, making
repaired, and worjs was undertaken at the 293-
a total of over 560 oz. The vein was about 1 foot
ft. level, but work here proved unprofitable. At
thick where first intersected, and was driven on
the 372-ft. level a rise was put up at a point
to the north and to the south. In July addi-
175 feet to the north of the shaft, and proved
tional nuggets of 142| oz., 9 oz., 60 oz., and
nothing of value. A t the 752-ft. level a drive
150 oz. were obtained. These yields enabled the
on the Western Indicator was repaired. At
company to build up a reserve fund for future
the 852-ft. level the west cross-cut was repaired,
development work. On and above the 852-ft.
and an intermediate level over the drive was re-
level operations on the veins on the Indicator
opened and driven in a northerly direction.
were continued throughout the remainder of the
This drive connected with the main shaft work«
year with satisfactory results. The main north
ings and ensured a good air supply.
drive was in 220 feet, and the south drive a dis-
tance of over 70 feet. A rise was put up for I n 1911 work was confined chiefiy to the main
100 feet, and the 752-ft. level was driven on a shaft, which was sunk to a depth of 1,170 feet
 246

by the end of the year. A second shaft, formerly Indicator was cut 185 feet from the shaft, and
the C o m Exchange, was purchased, and a plant a rise was put u p on it without proving anything
erected on it in November, 1911. The good re- of value. At 146 feet f r o m the shaft a south-
turns of the previous and the early portion of westerly drive along a cross-course met tlie
the present year were not maintained, and calls Western Indicator on the south side of it at
were resorted to in order to carry on develop- 100 feet f r o m the main cross-cut. A f t e r 164
ment work. A t the 752-ft. level a small quartz feet of driving a west cross-cut was put in to
vein was tried on the Streaky Slates, but test the western country in the vicinity of the
it proved of poor value. On the Western South W o a h H a w p workings. I n the southern
Indicator a small vein was cut at 40 feet above the cross-cut at 110 feet from the shaft, quartz yield
level, and this showed gold. I t was driven on ing 5 dwt. to the ton was met with and worked.
south, but the stone pinched, and the main rise A t 30 feet to the west of this the 4-ft. Slate
was then continued, without proving anything was intersected. The cross-cut was then con-
of value, so the level was abandoned in April, tinued to 259 feet. A t 220 feet f r o m the shaft
1911. A t the 852-ft. level a trial crushing, A leather-jacket which carried a small make
which proved poor, was taken out from Dunk's of quartz, was passed through, but it was not
Slate early in the year. The overhead stopes driven on.
on the Indicator were exhausted early, but
the underhand stopes continued to give a fair A t the 1,103-ft. level the south drive on the
supply of stone, and a cross-cut was put out east Indicator failed to disclose payable quartz,
for 228 feet passing through clean strata free so it was discontinued at 180 feet south of the
from quartz. A t the 928-ft. level payable stone cross-cut. On the Western Indicator a drive
was obtained f r o m the stopes and the inter- south passed into the cross-course at 40 feet, and
mediate levels, the quartz ranging f r o m a few was driven to 70 feet before picking up the line
inches up to several feet in thickness. These again. A t 175 feet southerly f r o m the main
stopes lasted until August. In March the 1103- cross-cut another cross-cut was driven west,
ft. level was opened and a west cross-cut from it locating quartz at 80 feet and 140 feet f r o m the
passed through the Indicator and met a fault south drive. The quartz at 140 feet gave pay-
at 71 feet. A t 40 feet a rise was put up on the able returns f o r some time, and was worked to
Indicator, and passed through disturbed beds. the north and to the south. In the south drive
The drive south on the Indicator was put in the stone was taken out 30 feet in width, and
33 feet. The north drive was extended to 110 Avas tested to a height of 30 feet. An examina-
feet by August, and rises were put up to prospect tion of the South Woah H a w p workings showed
for gold-bearing quartz veins. On the Western that much solid ground was left in the levels.
Indicator a rise was put up to the 1,004-ft. The cross-cut was extended to 267 feet f r o m the
level, and a south drive along it carried small south-west drive before work ceased at this
veins of quartz. A t the 1,004-ft. level work was shaft in 1913.
resumed. The north drive was put in 140 feet,
and two rises were put up, which passed through
strata broken by slides. These rises located pay- In 1915 work was resumed at the N o . 2 Corn
able stone, which was worked until August, Exchange shaft, and a sink of 120 feet was com-
1911. pleted, and a cross-cut to the Avest was then com-
menced. Although forming portion of the
eastern limb of the anticline, the strata passed
In 1912 the company purchased the adjoining
through dip 70 deg. to 85 deg. to the Avest. A t
lease held by the South Woah H a w p Company,
78 feet Avest of the shaft the Indicator Avas
and a connexion was made above the 1,100-ft.
cut on the south side of a small cross-course,
level from the main level with the workings of
which heaved the Indicator 9 feet, and had a
that company, which enabled that mine to ^ye
throw of 18 feet. A driA'e to the south along
drained and also proWded good ventilation. At
the Indicator followed a gold-bearing vein,
the X o . 2, or C o m Exchange shaft, a plant was
which averaged on crushing about an ounce to
erected, and the shaft repaired to the bottom, a
the ton. This vein Avas of small size, and
distance of 450 feet. Several hundred feet of
pitched to the north at the rate of 1 foot in 12
old levels were repaired, and over 500 feet of
feet. A t 20 feet south of the cross-cut a rise Avas
new drives were put in, cutting only small
put up 15 feet, and passed through small threads
quartz veins, which either cut out or were worked
of quartz.
to old ground. During the year this shaft was
closed down, and remained idle until 1915,
North f r o m the cross-cut at 69 feet Avest of
where further sinking was undertaken.
the shaft a drive was put in, which cut the
Indicator on the north side of the cross-
Early in 1912 sinking in the main shaft was course at 20 feet f r o m the cross-cut. The drive
completed, and the 1,204-ft. level was opened. followed along the Indicator for 195 feet,
A west cross-cut at this depth passed through where a large cross-course Avas struck. A north
pitching vein, and also some parallel planes
Avithout quartz were met Avith in the drive. On
the large cross-course a rise was put up, and at
/ 15 feet over the back a quartz vein was cut and
# ^^ / driven on to the south f o r 120 feet, continuing
small, but gold-bearing. A t 110 feet up in the
isufi rise a quartz vein was cut and followed south
Fig. 65.—Syncline and Anticline showing folding of the to the workings beloAv the 450-ft. level. Some
indicator 1,204-ft. level, \Voah liawp Canton Mine. small nuggets were taken f r o m this vein north-
Scale, 40 feet to 1 inch. wards f r o m the cross-course, the main level was
extended, and a branch of the large cross-course
:he Indicator at 55 feet, on which a rise was was passed through at 57 feet, the strata being
put up to the 1,100-ft. level. The Western much disturbed. At 300 feet north of the main
 247

rro99-cut, another cross-cut bearing north- the top of the rise from the level below reached
westerly was put in f o r 100 feet. This cross- the crosscut. The strata dipped west at 70 degrees
cut passed through an anticline at 75 feet from to 80 degrees. A little quartz was associated with
the main north drive, besides several small the leather jacket and the slates contained arseno-
quartz spurs and a leather jacket (slide) on pyrite, and decomposition products such as arseno-
which no work was done. The mine was closed lite and realgar were plentiful in the crushed
down in July, 1916. strata. The south drive at 47 feet west carried
a big make of quartz for 500 feet. At 100 feet
south a cross-cut east proved the formation to be
N ; V INDICATOR COMPANY.
over 20 feet wide. Several rises were put up to
(PI. xxix.) test the formation, which underlay west and
This company, formed towards the end of 1909, pitched north,' but the ore was poor.
began operations by cleaning out the shaft for- East of the shaft the crosscut was put in 58 feet
merly known as Mullin, the Indicator and the through clean strata dipping west 80-87 degrees.
Mazeppa, where the water stood at 350 feet from 361^-/i. Level.—This level affords the typical
the surface. section of the mine. The cross-cut west was put in
The water was reduced to a depth of 572 feet, 620 feet. A t 25 feet from the shaft is the Indi-
where an old drive was repaired to the face at cator, dipping 80 degrees W . ; drives were put in
200 feet south, and driving was continued on the north and south along it. From 40 feet to 70
Indicator. A t 250 feet in the drive a 6-in. feet from the shaft the Blocky Slate was exposed,
quartz vein was cut and followed to a cross-course showing several thin associated sandstone ribs. At
at 276 feet. A drive south-east along this cross- 111 feet from the shaft a slate with mineral seams,
course located the Indicator at 165 feet, within probably the Western Indicator, was cut. A t 120
16 feet of the Reward Company's boundary; a feet a drive south followed the eastern edge of a
winze was sunk and a connexion made with the felsite dyke, probably identical with the one ex-
workings of the Reward mine. The cross-cut posed in the Indicator mine to the north. It ap-
west of the shaft was repaired and a rise was put pears probable that considerable fault move^ment
up on the 12-ft. Slate at 260 feet; at 25 feet over has taken place a l o n g the fault now occupied by
the level there were a number of quartz veins on the dyke as the strata to the west cannot be corre-
which a little work was carried out. lated -«dth that in the North Woah Hawp mine
beyond this point. A large amount of sandstone
A t a depth of 427 feet No. 4 level was driven exists between 140 feet and 210 feet west of the
south on the Streaky Slates and quartz veins shaft and this would agree with the Big Sandstone
yielding up to 7 dwt. of gold per ton were locateil. of the northern mines if a movement to allow for
The veins pitched north at 1 in 40. At the 50 feet of horizontal displacement be assumed.
No. 5 level, 478 feet from the surface, a flat make This would also allow for the 4-ft. Slate being
of quartz 9 inches thick and intersecting the exposed at 210 feet and the 7-ft. Slate at 250 feet
Indicator was followed north and south for 80 feet to 260 feet. From 290 feet west slate beds pre-
each way. Rises had been put up on the Indi- dominate to an extent not known elsewhere along
cator by some former parties, but the results were the Indicator belt. A wide bed of slate at from
not recorded. 510 feet to 610 feet from' the shaft probably con-
Early in 1912 work ceased owing to failure to tains an anticlinal fold, although no evidence could
locate payable quartz in the old workings; the ad- be obtained, but in the face at 620 feet there are
joining Reward mine closed down for the same strata dipping west. The beds from the shaft to
reason. 100 feet dip on the average 81 degrees west, but
they are overfolded, being on the east limb of the
The section exposed in the mine consists of the anticline; from 100 feet to 130 feet the dip is east
eastern limb of an anticline. Owing to an over- at 83 degrees to 88 degrees; from 130 feet to 300
thrust, a westerly inclination is in places given to feet the dip varies from 75 degrees to 85 degrees
the beds. A felsite dyke dipping west at 1 in 2 west and the cleavage 72 degrees west; from 300
is exposed at the 173-ft. and 573-ft. levels. feet to 450 feet the dips vary between 65 degrees
west and vertical; and from 450 feet to 500 feet
REWARD MINE. the beds are vertical; from this point to the shaft,
(PI. xxix.) the beds form the portion of the eastern limb of
the anticline, the centre of which is probably at
This mine, which was worked from 1909 to
550 feet wesft of the shaft.
1912, was privately owned by a Melbourne citizen.
The shaft was sunk to a depth of 690 feet, and
levels were opened at 152, 237, 3 6 U , 430, 527, WOAH HAWP NO. 1 COMPANY.
577, and 677 feet. Operations were confined
chiefly to prospecting quartz veins intersecting the (PI. XXX.)

Indicator. Much unpayable quartz was located. Introductory.

The Indicator usually dipped west; and, with a The area held by this company is secured
western dip here and in other mines on the line, under miner's right title, and extends 350 feet
no gold was located. north and 700 feet south of the main shaft, which
was originally known as Lester's, named after
Details of Worldngs. the man by whom it was worked to a depth of
^11-ft Jjcvel.—A cross-cut west for 70 feet on 400 feet. After Lester, the British Queen Com-
the south side of the shaft passed through strata pany obtained possession, and sunk the shaft to
dipping from 75 degrees west to 88 degrees east. a depth of 900 feet, 'and worked with varying
A t 53 feet the. Indicator was located, and a rise success until 1903, when the present company
was put up to the level above. A t 40 feet west of secured the ground. Other shafts within the
the shaft a drive was put in south for 70 feet on claim were sunk by Donovan, Carton, and Tur-
quartz veins pitching north at 1 in 40. pin to the south, and by Crockford and
bll-ft. Level.—The cross-cut west passed through McDonald to the north. Hanthorn's workings
a flat slide or leather jacket at 20 feet from the lie to the west. The shafts were mostly shallow,
shaft. A t 47 feet drives were put in north and not below 300 feet, and were worked by windlass,
south on the Indicator above the slide. A t 54 feet whip, whim, and occasionally by steam power-
 248

When the Woah Hawp N o . 1 Company began The Indicator in this mine consists of a seam
operations, it was found that the British Queen of bright iron pyi-ites on the western edge of a bed
shaft required repairs, which were effected prior of sandstone 4 feet thick. The pyrites is nearly
to sinking. A depth of 1,112 itet was reached always present, and the seam has been traced
by August, 1904, and plats were cut f o r the through from level to level. The Western In-
991-ft. and 1,090-ft. levels. On cross-cutting at dicator was identified at the 991-ft. level where,
the 1,090ft. level a large body of quartz was in a north drive, a mineral seam is exposed on the
found 168 feet west of the shaft, and proved to east side of the level, at about 95 feet to the west
be highly auriferous. This formation was 20 ft. of the Indicator. A t the 1,188-ft. level, at 260
wide, and varied in value from 6 dwt. up to 2' oz. feet west of the shaft, a wide belt of slate, with a
to the ton. At 50 feet south of tlie cross-cut the pith or slide, and containing a seam of pyrites
shoot of gold pitched underfoot, but continued |-in. wide, was noticed in the stopes on auriferous
strong in the north drive for over 180 feet; 1,156 spurs.
tons of quartz taken from these drives yielded Th correlation of the Indicator from the
988 oz. of gold, an average of over 17 dwt. of 1,090-ft. level upwards appears feasible, but the
gold per ton for the half-year ending February, pyrite seam at the 1.188-ft. level lies nearer the
1905. The company now began to pay divi- large slate bed than in the levels above. Corre-
dends, distributing £1,800 for the half-year, and lating the strata in this mine with the northern
also purchased 20 heads of stampers, complete mines {e.g., the New Normanby and North Woah
with engine, housing, &c., at a cost of £1,005. Hawp, see pp. 234 and 238), a large slate bed, 24
Shaft-sinking was resumed, and a cross-cut was ft. wide, and known as the Blocky Slate, is noticed
commenced at the 1,188-ft. level before August, at 15 feet west of the Indicator, at the 1,188-ft.
1905, with the object of intersecting the down- level. At 108 feet from the shaft, a seam of
ward continuation of the quartz discovered at pvrites occupies the position of the Western In-
the 1,090ft. level. Before the close of 1905 it dicator, bein? here 95 feet west of the Indi-
was necessary to make calls. The 1,188-ft. level cator. The Big Sandstone, a typical bf^d in
failed to intersect ore of the same quality as that the New Normanbv mine, is not identifiable in
in the 1,090-ft. level, and a connecting rise met thi<5 mine, but at the reouisite distance frora the
with no better results; this caused more attention Indicator, a preponderance of sandstone is
to be paid to the 1,090-ft. level, where the lode visible at the 1.090-ft. level, between 212 feet nnd
was located north of the cross-course, which had ?42 feet from the shaft. At 20 feet west of this,
displaced it north-easterly, and had also elevated 262 feet to 270 feet, a slate similar in appearance
the country on the north side. to^ the 4-ft, Slate of the North Woah Hawp
mine is exposed: while at about 30 feet further
west, there is a larger bed (the one oarrvins: the
Structure. pyrite ''eim in the 1.188-ft. level), correspondin'"
This mine occupies an interesting position on to the 7-ft. Slate of the northern mines. Though
account of its comparative isolation, and also on there is a marked absence of similar beds and
account of the rather'remarkable character of features in the intervening strata, a rough con-
the gold occurrences; from the surface to the nexion can be established with the mines over a
deepest (1,188ft.) level a series of payable veins milf distant.
and spurs have been located at various points in The chief workings in the mine, especially in
the cross-cuts, but in the drives, both north and the upper levels, are confined to the bed« imme-
south, the gold values rapidly diminished. diately west of the Indicator, and within a
width of 120 ft. Two cross-cut? onlv were driven
The chief feature of the mine is a series of
to the east. The bulk of the quartz mined was
beds forming the eastern limb of an anticline,
obtained from spur? associated with the mnin
which shows at 360 feet west of the shaft at the
leather jacket fault rknown in this mine as " the
499-ft. level. The syncline is exposed in the plat
slide " V At the 892-ft. level, most of the quartz
at the 1,188-ft. level. Notwithstanding a marked
westerly list of the fold, overfolding of the strata came from over the fault, while below that level
is absent,_ only a local drag in the vicinity of the the stone was obtained from under the fault. The
faults being met with. 1.188-ft. level workings at 300 feet west of the
shaft all lie over the fault, but evidence wa? avail-
A number of faults of the leather jacket able to show that the=p spurs were intimately con-
type (slides) occur, but their continuity, owing nected with the anticline. At the 1,090-ft. level,
ro the limited amount of cros^'-cutting. cannot be r' rich make of quartz was worked north for 180
established. The shaft passed through the main feet, but the values did not extend above or below
fault-channel at 50 feet below the 695-ft. level, the level. A? a rule, the vein? with a northerly
where it is also exposed in the east cross-cut at pitch are the be=;t. nnd in the •i.090-ft. level pouth
30 feet east of the shaft. The Indicator, which drive on the Mundic Grit, 105 feet west of the
above the fault lay 7 feet east of the shaft, was Indicator country, a vein with an undulating
displaced by the fault into the shaft, where it re- pitch was proved to carry the best gold when the
mained to a depth of 860 feet; at this point, it pit'^h wa? northerly.
was disturbed by a second fault, which threw it
30 feet west of the shaft at the 892-ft. level. At Two dykes occur in the mine, and, though no
25 feet below the 892-ft. level, a third fault, the connexion could be traced between them and the
lowest of the series, was cut in the shaft. This deposition of eold. their prepenr'p in the vicinitv
third fault shows at the 991-ft.. 1,090-ft., and of the rich formation rt the 1,090-ft. level, 105 to
1,188-ft., levels west of the shaft, at 110 feet. 160 feet west of the «haft, was noticf>able. The
160 feet, and 260 feet respeotivelv. A parallel eastern d'^ke ha=! a somewhat vertical course: at
fault of the same tvpe was met with in the upper the 1.188-f+. level, it is 2 ft. wide, nnd i? apparently
levels, passiu? through the shaft at a depth of conformable with the strata; at the 1,090-ft. level,
314 feet, and Iving 120 feet west of the 402-ft. it i? accompanied by a vein of ouartr. and dippinsr
level. This fault carried large bodies of profitable easterly, it cuts across the bod«, which h e r e are
quartz. dragged to a westerly dip of 75 de?.; at the 991-ft
level, where it lies to the west of the course of
 249
the westeru dyke of tke 1,090-ft. level, it is 1 ft. and at 5 feet further north another with i foot
wide, and apparently conformable with the beds. displacement. At J10 feet west of the shaft
This dyke apparently belongs to the basic series drives north and south were put in, and ore was
(see p. 55). stoped above and below the level. A t 65 feet
_ The western dyke of the 1,090-ft. level is asso- north of the cross-cut a cross-course with a right
ciated with the leather-jacket fault. I t is of the hand displacement of 8 feet was passed through.
felsite type, and is apparently similar to the 892-ft. Level.—A north drive from the west
pug and sediment of the northern mines. This cross-cut at 32 feet from the shaft passed through
dyke shows conspicuo\:isly at 260 feet west of broken country f o r over 50 feet. At 89 feet
the shaft, and extends through the stopes north north-east of the main cross-cut an eastern cross-
and south, but wag not noticed in the levels above cut intersected a formation at 33 feet, which was
or below the 1,090-ft. level. stoped f o r 30 ft. wide and f r o m 25 ft. to 30 ft.
high, pitching north. This make was worked
Details of WorMngs. 20 feet south and 60 feet north.
1,188-ft. Level.—A syncline shows in the plat The upper levels, with the exception of the
on the north side of the shaft. The west cross-cut cross-cuts, were closed during the survey.
passed through a series of beds dipping easterly The following yields were recorded from
at 85 degrees to 88 degrees. Dolomitic veins are 1904: —
of common occurrence. At 188 feet west of the
eastern side of the shaft a rise connects to an Year. Ore Crushed. Gold Yield.
intermediate level below the 1,090-ft. level. Be-
tween 250 feet and 300 feet west of the shaft tons. oz. d w t . gi"-
1904 .. 1,727 873 13 0
quartz spurs are numerous, and a drive was put
1905 .. 3,301 1,670 17 0
m northerly at 267 feet west. At 312 feet west 1906 .. 4,670 1,304 1 0
another drive north and south opened a series of 1907 .. 1,783 611 6 0
auriferous quartz spurs over a width of 25 feet. 1908 .. 2,315 734 6 0
1909 .. 1,760 782 10 0
These spurs dipped east at 1 foot in 4 feet, and
1910 .. 5,001 1,487 13 0
were partlv in a bed of grey slate containing a 1911 .. 1,287 578 14 0
pith or slide and also a well-defined seam of 1912 .. 2,287 785 2 0
pyrite. 1913 .. 1,083 231 4 6

1.090-ft. Zere?.—The cross-cut at this depth The recorded total output by the Woah H a w p
for over 100 feet passed through slightly over- No. 1 Company to the end of December, 1913,
folded strata, the beds on the eastern limb having was 10,454 oz. 2' dwt.
a dip of 83° to 87° west. At 13 feet west of
the western side of the shaft the Indicator
W O A H H A W P CENTRAL COMPANY.
shows a thin seam of pyrite. At 108 feet the
eastern dyke and the Western Indicator (a (PI. xxxi.)
seam of pyrites) intersect. At 120 feet west of The opening of this mine was the result of a
t-he shaft a large body of poor quartz on the plucky attempt on the part of a local company to
Mundic Grit country has been tested. Between test a portion of the Ballarat East belt in a syste-
250 feet and 270 feet west of the shaft, a matic manner, and although not a success finan-
spurry formation associated with a leather cially some good work was carried out. The claim
jacket fault and felsite dyke vielded quartz was situated near the southern end of the
carrying up to 2 oz. of gold to the ton. The Ballarat East line of shafts, south of and
cross-cut extends to 307 feet westerly in clean adjoining the Woah Hawp No.- 1 Com-
.•'trata dipping 80° to 85° east. The south drive pany (formerly British Queen). Sinking began
at 120 feet west of the shaft was put in along in '1905, the shaft being 14 feet by 7 ft.
payable quartz on what is regarded a? the Mun- 6 in., and divided into four compartments.
dic Grit belt of country ; the veins, which varied Ranid progress was made to a depth of 200 feet,
greatly in value, were stoped above and below the where cross-cuts were put in through soft strata
level f o r a length of 250 feet south of the cross- containing many seams of pyrite; these beds were
cut. At 230 feet west of the shaft, another drive correlated with those in the mines to the north,
( N o . 2 south) carried quartz veins, which were but incorrectly owing to repetition bv folding.
stoped to 25 feet above the level for a width of The western cross-cut was driven 500 feet and the
10 feet, and for a length of over 50 feet f r o m the eastern 300 feet. Onlv one fault of the leather
cross-cut._ A t 150 feet north of the cross-cut. the jacket type was intersected, and this was near the
north drive followed along the course of a dyke, main anticline at 480 feet west of the shaft. A
(the E l v a n ) ; the quartz in this vicinitv was rise on this leather jacket connected to an air
of good value, 3,000 tons from north of the'^cross- <=haft about PO feet deep. The quartz on this
cut averaging 15 dwt. of gold to the ton. The i'ault ranged 6 inche? to 1 foot in width. At 60
dyke at 50 feet north was nearly 3 ft. wide, and feet west of the shaft what was regarded as the
nearly vertical, and the quartz veins on both Western Indicator was driven on south for 250
side? were worked to the level above, and down- feet, where a cross-cut east was put in 150 feet.
wards to an intermediate level. At 74 feet north Above the south drive several rises were put up
of the cross-cut was a small cross-course which and a little quartz was obtained. A t 14 feet west
displaced the beds 10 feet to the east. The of the shaft a drive of 50 feet was put in alone
quartz was stoped at 150 feet north, the Elvan veins pitching 15 degrees north and dipping east
dyke being traced throughout. on what was known as Gay's line; at 53 feet east
of the shaft what was regarded as the Indicator
99ï-ft. Level.—Ovl the north side of the plat, was driven on, and 60 feet east of this a mineral
1 drive was put in for a length of 60 feet on the seam i inch wide was followed north and south.
Streaky Slate, several small veins which car- A t 120 feet from the shaft a drive was put in
ried gold when pitching north, being followed. south for 20 feet where a rise was put up 20 feet.
A small _ cross-course with a 2 feet displacement \t 160 feet from the shaft a rise was put up 12
to the right hand was intersected 52 feet north, feet.
 250

Throughout the cross-cuts the dip of the strata MISCELLANEOUS.

is regular and normal. What appears to be the
TABLE SHOWING THE DEEPEST S H A F f AT
main anticline occurs at 480 feet west of the shaft.
BALLARAT.
From this anticline up to a syncline at 270 feet
from the shaft the strata dip east at 60 degrees to EACH YEAR FROM 1 8 6 4 ^ 1 9 0 7 .

65 degrees. Eastwards of the syncline the beds

dip west at from 75 degrees to 85 degrees up to an Quartz Depth
Year. or in Name of Company. Li cality.
anticline at 190 feet. From the anticline to the Alluvial. Feet.
face of the east cross-cut, a distance of 490 feet,
the dip ranges from 63 degrees to 80 degrees east.
1854 Alluvial 140 Gra\el Pits
lead
Dxiring the few years the mine lasted about 1855 148 Gum Tree Flat Ballarat East
£6,000 was expended in useful prospecting in 1850 250 Bath's Party . . Gravel Pits
strata that had been proved to carry large bodies • lead
1857 2(55 Great Ea.stern Golden Point
of quartz north and south, but none were located
Co. Lead
in this mine. The deepening of the shaft would 1858 365 Cosmopolitan. . », ,,
be desirable, but there is no guide as to the depth 1859 460 Kohinoor
where leather jackets with bodies of quartz would 1860
be found; there can be little doubt that such ore 1861
1862 i ^
bodies occur, for in the Woah Hawp No. 1 mine
1863
to the north several were intersected. 1S64 Quartz ( 370 Band of Hope Little Bendigo
Ì 400 Prince of AVales Sebastopol
1865 .-,70 1 Temperance Co.
WOAH HAWP xo. 2 COMPANY. 1 Little Bendigo
\ Sisters Co.

(PI. xxxii.)
1866
1867
520
5,50
,,
Temperance Co.
», »» »»

This mine, which is situated on the south side of 1868 650 »» ,,

Magpie Gully, and on the northern slope of Tower 1869 650

1870 670
Hill, is the most southerly of the mines surveyed. 1871 670
»,
1872 J 670
Operations were carried on intermittently for a 1873 750
number of years by various parties, amongst which 1874 7.50
was the Llewellyn party, who obtained the follow-
ing vields: —
1875
1876
1877
,, 808
850
900
Hero
Temperance Co.
»» »»
1878 957 ,» ,,
Year. Quartz crushed. Gold won.
1879 955 ,» ,,
,,,, ,,,,
1880 950 »» ,,
1881 950
tons. oz. dwt.

,, ,,
1878 .. 1882 950
2,775 431 11
1879 .. 1883 950
141 30 3
1884 »» 1,000 Band and Albion Consols Line
Consols (No. 7 shaft)
1885 »» 1,115 •
The Woah Hawp No. 2. Company unwatered 1886 », 1,235
the mine and prospected above the 430-ft. 1887 1,415 Band of Hope Consols Line of
(•bottom) level on a mineral seam, obtaining" dur- and Albion reef (No. 7
Consols Shaft)
ing 1910 a few specimens of rough gold, but on 1888 1,540 Star of the East Consols Line of
the whole the results were disappointing. In
»»
Reef (No. 1
1915, aided bv a Government grant, the old drive Shaft)
at the 220-ft. level was cleaned out, repaired and 1889 », 1,620 Band of Hope Con.-iols Line of
driven north beyond a cross-course up to which and Albion Reef (No. 7
former parties had worked, but the quartz located Consols Shaft)
1890 1730 Star of the East Consols Line of
was unprofitable, and in 1916 operations ceased. »»
Reef (No. 1
Shaft)
The structure revealed in the 430-ft. cross-cut 1891 4,730
»» »» >> Consols Line of
consists of east dipping strata to the west of the Reef
shaft for 200 feet. At 80 feet west a leather 1892 1,820 Sebastopol
jacket fault was cut, and a drive north for 30 feet
,,
1893 2,000 South Star Co.
1894 2,000
WM put in where a rise of 39 feet struck 7 feet of »>
Star of the East
mineralized quartz, on which drives north and No. 1 shaft
south were put in. Near the leather jacket the 1895 2,000
strata were disturbed but with this exception the
general dip of the beds was 82 degrees to 86 de-
1896
1897 ,, 2,000
2,2,50
"

South Star Co.and

Star of the East
"

Consols Line of
grees east. On the west side of the shaft, there is Reef
Co., No. 1 shaft
a small syncline and 20 feet east of the shaft a 1898 2,.521 Sou.h S:ar Co.
small anticline, east of which the strata dip east 1899
to the face at 300 feet.
East of the shaft at the 220-ft. level extensive
1900
1901
1902
,, 2,521
2,521
South Star Sebastopol

stopes connect to the surface, but whether the lor- 1903 », 2,521
1904
mations worked here were lodes of the leather », 2,521
1905 2,600 Sinking
jacket type or spurs could not be ascertained. The 1906
»»

3,100
extensive nature of the workings, as shown on the 1907 3,170 South Star Sebastopol
plan, can be verified by the collapse of the surface
over a large area.
Star of the East sunk to 2.260 in January', 1903.
 251

APPENDIX: LABORATORY RESTTLTS.

CLAY BRIQUETTINO TESTS.

Samples of clay were made into briquettes and burned at various temperatures with the results tabulated below : —

Sample No. Air Dried. | Muffle, 1,100°C. ! Re-burned at 1450°C.

1

234/07 Shrinkage, 16 per cent. 22 per cent. . . 22 per cent.

Brownish white Light brown, inclined to splinter Slaty grey
235/07 Shrinkage, 3 per cent. .. 6 per cent. .. 16 per cent.
Yellowish white Fine light red Black, overburned
236/07 Shrinkage, 8 per cent. . . 14-5 per cent. 10 per cent.
Light yellow .. Fine dark red Black, overburned, slightly vitrified
52/08 Shrinkage, nil . . 4 ' 5 per cent. 9 • 5 per cent.
Yellowish white Yellowish white Stone grey ; hard, no fusion

234/07. Decomposed dyke, Grey Horse line of reef. Little Bendigo. Fairly plastic, no grit. Shrinkage, very high.
Possibly suitable for common stoneware.
235/07. Decomposed dyke, Watson's mullock heap, Yorkshire reef. Suitable for terra-cotta and tiles.
36/07. Decomposed dyke, dredged area. Little Bendigo Creek. No grit. Suitable for terra-cotta and tiles.
52/08. White clay. Plastic. Suitable for stoneware.

Sample Wind Furnace, l . S W C . Wind Furnace, 1,340°C'.

Air Dried. Muffle, 1,000°C.
No. twice burned. once burned.

363/12 Shrinkage, 8 per cent. 1 4 ' 5 per cent. 19 per cent. 14 -5 per cent.
Brown Fine red Black, overburned, vitrified Black, overburned, vitrified
swollen
364/12 Shrinkage, 8 per cent. . . 1 2 ' 5 per cent. 1 4 ' 5 per cent. . . 1 4 ' 5 per cent.
Light red Terra-cotta red Black, overburned, vitrified Black, overburned, vitrified
.365/12 Shrinkage, 1 - 5 per cent. 1 • 5 per cent. . . 11 per cent. 8 per cent.
Dull white White, red stain White, vitrified White, vitrified

363/12. Yellowish red coarse clay, with gritty patches, 30 chains south of Orphan Asylum, at 2 feet to 6 feet from
surface. Suitable for superior brick or tile.
364/12. Red and grey ferruginous clay, with gritty patches from same locality. Suitable for superior brick or tile.
365/12. Decomposed granite, with coarse quartz grains, Treloar's shaft, near Warrenheip railway line. Contains solube
sulphate of iron, which produces superficial colouring, but this disappears at the highest temperature. Shoud
be suitable for stoneware.

SPRING WATER.

Sample of water from a salt spring, apparently associated with a decomposed basic dyke near Brown Hill Hote
(see p. 56). The water was clear, but contained a very small amount of sediment which was filtered off before analysis
The sediment consisted mainly of oxide of iron. The water tasted brackish and had no smell.
Grains per aallon.
CaCOj 6-5
CaS04 61
CaClj 20
MgCl, 46-5
MgCOj nil
NaCl 1500
NajCO, nil

Inorganic solids 2111

Volatile and organic 290

Total solids 240 1

PYRITIC SLATE.

No. Gold per ton. silver per ton.

OZ. d w t . gr. oz. dwt.gr.

238/11 8 1 9 0 1 23
239/11 2 12 6 0 ] 7
240/11 2 14 21 0 2 23

238/11. Slate, with abundant arsenical pyrites, Llanberris No. 1 mine, rise off east crosscut at north end of 800-feet level
239/11. Slate, with iron pyrites. Last Chance mine, rise from south drive off east crosscut between Russell's winze and
Carney's rise, 800-feet level.
240/11. Slate, with arsenical pyrites. Last Chance mine, rise from south end of east crosscut, 800-feet level.
 > -vítfiw eo'í

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 104

INDEX.
A PAoa
" Blocky slat'i " .. 114, 223, 238, 247
PAGE
Bonshaw Co. 20. 24. 25. 94
Al lead 14,16,72
Aboriginal camping places . . .. 55
Bonnie Jean Co. ..28
Boring, early records of .. 63
Ah Yuck's claim .. .. 29 Bridget's lead .. 72
Albion anticline . . 106, 190, 195 Britain Co. .. 72
Albion Co. 17, 20. 22, 23, 74, 76, 95 Britannia Co. 22, 24. 25. 26. 27. 28, 29. 30. 31,
Albion Consols C o . . . .. 75
34, 5, 37., 38, 39, 40. 45, 46, 47, 106
Albion lode 107. 118, 119, 176, 182 Britannia lode ¡202,205,217
Albite .. .. 56,112,113 Britannia United Co. 30, 32. 33. 34. 36. 38. 40. 41,
All Saints Co. .. 24 4 2 , 4 3 , 4 4 , 4 5 , 4 8 , 208-211
All Nations Co. .. • . . 7 3 British Co. 17,20.22,80
Allied Armie:> Co. . . 17,22,72,74,86 British Queen Co. 34, 35, 37, 38. 39. 40. 41, 128
Alluvial mines 74-100 British Workman Co. 21.80
Alluvial mining, general description 61-62 Broken Hill Tribute Partj .. 33
" Angle slip " 160,230, 2 3 1 , 2 3 2 Bro\vn Hill .. 14
Ankerite .. 56 Brown's reef ..158
Annie Laurie Co. . . .. 28 Brunn's Freehold United Co ..152
Apatite .. .. 57 Bull's Run (Frenchman's) le 74
Aragonite .. 57 Burra Burra Co. 18. 2 1 . 2 2 , 81. 90, 106
Arsenolite .. 57 Burrumbeet. Lake 8
Arsenopyrite .. 57 Butler's Freehold Co. 88
Ashe's lead 14, 69 Butler's United Freehold Co. 87
Augite .. 57
Auriferous shoots . . 118-119
Australasia Co. 74, 75 C.

Calcite . . 57
Caledonian lead 14, 69
B. Camp Co. °.l, 96
Canadian Co. 20, 21, 129
Bakery HiU lead .. ..14 Canadian Gully 14, 15
BaUarat, history of miaing at 13-48 Canadian Gully Co. . . 106
Ballarat Co. .. 72 Carlsbach's claim . . . . 129
Ballarat City Co. . . .. 45,46.167 Carnegie's claim .. 37
Ballarat East Co. . . ..121 " Cement" . . 68
Ballarat East, future developments . . 120 Cemetery reef .. 27
Ballarat East, geological stnicture 109, 217 (section) Central Freehold Co. .. 90
Ballarat Extension Co. .. 23 Central Plateau Co. 30, 31, 32, 33. 34. 36. 37. 38
Ballarat Freehold Co. 23. 24, 75, 89 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 47, 48," 106, 189-193
Ballarat Jlill Co. .. 80, 86 Central Plateau Co., details of workings .. 191-193
Ballarat North Prospecting Co. 44, 45, 46, 167 Central Plateau Co., structure .! .. 190-191
Ballarat Quartz Co. ..152 Central Plateau Extended Co. .. 47, 48, 193-194
Ballarat West, future developments . . 119 Chalcopyrite .. .. .. .. .. 57
Ballarat T^'est, geological structure . . 109 Chlorite .. 57
Band and Albion Co. See Band of Hope and Albion " Christmas slates " 173,188
Consols Co. .. City of Ballarat Co. 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 82-83, 84
Band and Albion Consols Co. 35, 79, 121-125 Claims, size of . . 62
Band and Barton Co. .. 29 Clarendon Co. ..16.69
Band and Barton Consols Co. 28.152 Clarke's Freehold . . ..148
Band and Barton, No. 1 Co. 28, 152 Clifton Co. 20. 80
Band and Barton United Co. ..152 Clj-desdalo Co. . . 20
Band and Loch Co. 172-175 Cobbler's lead 14. 16, 17. 81, 93
Band and Loch United Co. . . 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 171 Cobbler's lode . . 9 3
Band of Hope Co. . . 16, 17, 22, 34, 75-78, 79, 84, 87 Collis Wa.?hington Co 28, 164
Band of Hope No. 2 28.153 Consols anticline .. . . 185
Band of Hope and Albion Consols Co. 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, Consols lode 107, 118, 119, 123, 134, 168,
29. 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 74. 78-80, 106 . . 1 7 1 , 172, 173, 176, 190
Band of Hope and Albion Consols Co. See Band and Consols sjTicline . . 1 0 7 . 171, 176, 185, 195
Albion Con.sols Co. Co-operation . . 61
Band of Hope Quartz Co. .. 28, 29. 152 Copenhagen Co. .. 98
Basalt 7, 8. 14. 51-53, 63 Copiatite .. 58
Bas-ilt, charred trees in .. 51 Copper pyrites . . 5 8
Bath's claim . . 7 1 Com Exchange Co. 28, 246
Belltopper Gully lead .. 69 Cc.mish United Co. 18,20,21
Benn's Freehol j Co. 28, 1.52 Cosmopolitan Co. . . 17, 20, 22. 81-82
Big Engine Co. 17,71 Countess Co. 25. 26, 27. 129
" Big Sandstone " 124, 223, 238, 243 Crescent Freehold Co. ..152
" Big slate " 208, 223, 234 Cricket Reserve Co. 24, 82
Black Diamond Co. .. 83 Criterion Co. -. 21,72,129
Black Hill 14, 22, 12.5-128 Crocodile Co. ..130
Black Hill Co. 18. 20, 21, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, 29, Crosscourses 53, 54
30, 32 33, 34, 35, 37. 38, 39, 125-128 Crown Star Co. .. 33
Black Hill Flat .. 14. 22. 26 Cumberland. Durham and Cornish Co 82, 83, 91
Black HUI South Co. 27
Black Hill South Extended .. 27 D.
Black Hill United Co. 26 27. 29. 30. 31 Dalzell-Buchanan Co. 28. 30. 33, 34, 35, 38, 39. 40. 41, 130
Black-Jack . . 60 Dalzell-cum-Prince Regent Co. 33. 34, 35, 37, 38, 39,131-132
Black lode . . 151 Danish Co. .. .. .. .. 28, 132
Black seam 115, 160^ 225, 230, 232 Danish Reef .. .. .. .. .. 30
Block claims .. M Dead Horse lead . . .. .. .. .. 78
 254
INDEX—continued.
PAOB PAGE

Deep leads, general description 60-51 Gold, crystals . . 214

Deep leads, outlet of .. 50 Gold, distribution . . .. 68
Deepest shafts, table of . . 250 Gold, early finds of 13,14
Defiance Co. .. 83 Gold, price of .. 68
" D i g s " .. .. 53 Golden Comer Co. .. 85
Dimock's reefs . . 109 Golden Gate Co. .. 16, 17. 18, 20. 23, 33, 37, 85
Dolerite . . .. 57 Gülden Point 1.3,14,19
Dolomite 56, 58, 203 Golden Point lead, trend of .. 50
Don Cc. . . 26, 27, 32 Golden Reef Co. .. ..26
Donovan's claim .. 30 Gong Gong Creek .. 12
Drainage svstems .. 8 Grand Duke Co. .. ..26
Drift box ' .. 65 Grand Junction Co. .. 70
Duchess Co. 2L 2 6 7, 28, 29, 133 Grand Trunk Leads Co. . . 1 9
•" Duchess blates " 114 202, 205, 206', 207 , 213, 214,223 Graphite . . .. 58
Dunk's slate 114.149 Graphitic slates .. 58
Dunn's lode 42, 100, 120, 214, 221 Graptolites .. 49
Durham Co. . .22, 25, 82, 83 Gravel Pits lead 14, 15, 16, 17, 71
Durham Hole .. .. 73 Gravels, age of 49-51
Dyke, monchiquite . . 234 Gravels, glacial .. 49
Dvkes 54 56 Gravels, high level .. m)
Gravels, marine .. 49
'• Greasy Head Country '' ..238
Great Britain Co. . . . . 72
Great East«ni Co. . . 16, 17, 2 1 , 2 2 , 70
Great Extended (Redan) Co 16," 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24,
East Hurdsfield Co. . . 88 76, 78, 84-85, 89
East Kohinoor Co.. . . . 28 Great North West Co. .. 24
East Sulieman Co. :>9, 40 Great Northern Freehold Co 23, 72, 86
East Webster Co. . . . . 100 Great Redan Extended Co. (See Great Extended Co.)
Eastrrn Indicator . . .1, UiO, 224, 230, 231, 232, 245 Great Republic United Co. 17, 20, 22, 86-87
Eastern Star Extended Co. 37. 38, 39, 40 Gieat Webster Co. . . 100
Eastern Star Freehold Co. 34, 37, 38 Green's Indicator . . ..230
Emerald € o . .. 22,86,133 Guiding Star anticline ..185
Emperor Co. . . 24 Guiding Star lode . . 27, 30, 98, 107, 118, 119, 123,
Empress Co. . . 24 139 45, 168, 171, 172, 173, 175, 176
Endeavour Co. 22, 23, 24, 25, 2(>, 28, 215 Guiding Star sjnoline 107, 171, 176, 190
Enterprise Co. 18,133 Gum Tree Flat 14, 26, 51
Epsomite . . 58 Gupe's claim .. 72
Esmond's lead 14,69
Essex Co. . . 22
Essex lead 14,15,16,22,24
Eureka ('ement Co. . . 84 H.
Eureka lead 14, 54
Exchange Co. ..39,40,41,42 Halloysite .. 58
Extended lode ..140 Hand and Band Co. (See
nited Hand in Hand and
Band of Hope Co.
Hand in Hand Co.
Hanthom. (See Hawthorn 17, 20, 22, 72. 76, 80, 87, 96, 100
Haphazard Co. .. 72
F. Haphazard lead .. 14
Faults 53-54 Happy Land Co. . . . . 135
Faults, age of 8, 9, 53, 54 Hawthorn's Freehold Co. 27, 28. 30, 32
Faults, present movement on . . 5 3 " Heads " .. 53
Felspars . . .'56,58,59,112 High-level gravels . . . . 49
Finn's reef 121,166 History of mining at Ballara 13-48
Fire Brigade Co. .. ..134 Homeward Bound Co. 70, 72, 96
First Chance Anticline 201, 208, 217, 230 Hong Kong Co. . . 135
First Chance mine 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 47, Hope Co. . . 72
212-214 Hopewell Co. . . 135
First Chance mine, structure 213-214 Hurdsfield Freehold Co. .. 88
Hurdsfield rush 28, 87
Fissure reefs ..112
Hvalite .. . . 59
Five Ton Co. .. 28
Flucans . . . . 53
Flucan country 213-214
Fossils . . 49 51 52
" Four-foot slate " 124,»160 ,201, 202, 204, 205-208, 223. Independent Co. . . .. 17, 18, 21, 22, 24, 72, 136
230, 232, 234, 238, 244 Indicator Co. .. .. .. 32, 37, 45, 135
Franklin mine . . 50 Indicator and Sulieman Co. .. .. . . 33
Freehold Co. .. 72 Indicator line .. 108, 138, 160, 164, 201, 208, 220-250
Frenchman's lead 14, 15, 17, 20, 50, 76, 78 Indicators .. .. .. .. 113-117
Frontage claims ..14,22,62,72 Inkerman Co. .. .. .. .. .. 22
' Furnishers" .. 62 Inkerman lead .. 14, 16, 19, 22, 50, 72, 76, 78, 86, 96
Inkerman and Durham Junction Co. 88, 98
Interbasaltic clays and gravels 52, 53
Iron pyrites .. 59
G.
Galena .. 5S
Garibaldi Co. . . 22
Gay's Band of Hope (Band United) Co. .. 33. 34, 134 Jeweller's Reef Co. . . 33
Gay's Freehold (Star) Co. .. ..134 Johnson's claim .. 28
Gay's lead . . 69 Jones's Freehold Co. 28, 88
General Roberts' claim ..28 •Tunction Co.
Geological structure, Ballarat East 1(16-108, 109, 217
(section)
Geological structure, Ballarat West . . 108-109 K.
Geological structure. Little Bendigo and Yorkshire
belts 109-110 Kaolin •"'>6
Glacial action 9, 49 Kia Ora Co.
43, 44
Glasgow Co. .. 30 Kohinoor Co.
17, 18, 2 0 , 2 2 , 2 4 , 25, 26, 38,
Globe Co. ..22
45, 76, 84, 86, 89-90
Gold, mode of occurrence .. 58 Kohinoor Consols Co.
,. 88
 255

INDEX—continued.
PAGE PAGE

New Band of Hope Co. .. 76

New Britannia Co. 37, 39, 40
J., New Burra Burra Co. 28, 138
New Burra Burra Quartz and Alluvial Co. .. 81
Labradorite .. ot) New Chum lead .. 14
Lady Baikly lead .. 72 New City of Ballarat Co. - . 2 7
Lady Don Co. 23, 90, 96 New Constitution Co. .. 71
Lady Loch Co. .. 32 New Cosmopohtan Co. ..81
Lakes 9, 10, 11, 51 New Crescent Co. . . .. 28, 29, 152
Lake deposits 9, 10, 11, 12, 51 New Don Co. .. 90
Last Chance Co. 18, 30, 33, 35, 36, 38, 39, 41, 42, New Euroka Co. . . 2 7
43, 45, 47, 48, 106, 135-136 New Indicator Co. 47,247
Last Chance Tributo Co. .. .. 29, 30, 32, 33 New Kohinoor mine 16, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 34,
Last Chance United mine . . 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 44, 214-223 35, 37, 10, 43, 44, 167-171
Last Chance United mine, details of workings . . 218-223 New Kohinoor mine, structure . . 171
Last Chance United mine, structure . . .. 216-218 New Kohinoor Extended Co. . . 88
Leads, dates of opening of various .. .. .. 14 New Kohinoor, No. 2 Co. .. . . 28
Leads, general description . . .. .. 50, 69-73 New Kohinoor, No. 3 Co. .. 88
Leads, trend of .. .. .. .. 19, 50 New Kohinoor, No. 4 Co. .. 88
Leatherjackets .. .. .. .. . . 53 New Lady Don Co. .. 91
Lester and party . . .. .. .. . . 30 Now Main street Co. 24, 164
Leviathan Co. .. .. .. 72, 8.5, 87, 91 New ilundic jlate . . . . 165
Licences for gold digging .. .. .. 13,61 New Nelson Co. .. . . 92
Lignite .. .. .. .. .. . . 51 New Normanby Co. 311, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 43,
Limonite .. .. .. . . 59 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 106, 234-238
IJttle Bendigo ... .. .. .. . . 1 4 New Normanby Co., details of workings .. 235-238
Little Bendigo belt .. .. .. . . 109 New Perseverance Co. .. .. .. 21,143
Little Engine Co. . . .. .. .. 17,71 New Sir William Don Co. . . .. .. . . 139
Little Two Ton Co. .. .. .. 21 New Sovereign Cc. .. .. .. . . 27
Little's claim .. .. .. .. 20, 37 New Speedwell Co. 22, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 139
Livingstone (Yorkshire Keef) Co. .. 18, 166 New Wellingtonia Gigantea 24
Llanberris Co. . . 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, New Zealand Trust Co. 40, 41, 42, 43
30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 136-8 Newer Gravels .. 51
Llanberris, No. 1 mine 32, 33, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, Newington Estate Co. 23, 24, 91
43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 106, 223-229 Newington Freehold Co. .. 91
IJanberris, No. 1 mine, details of workings 224-229 Nightingale lead 14, 73
Llanberris, No. 1 mine, structure 223-224 Nil Desperandum reef . . 109
Llanberris, No. 2 mine 229-230 Normanby Co. .. 30
Lode mining . . 106 Normanby North mine 42, 43, 46, 47, 230-234
Lodes . . 110 Normanby North mine, details of workings 231-234
Lollingite .. 59 North Band Co. .. .. 29
London Co. .. 22 North Band and Albion Freehold Co. 151, 153
Lyons-street Freehold Co. . . 164 North Band and Barton Co. . . 163
North Central Plateau Co. . . 193
North City Co. .. .. 27
North First Chance Co. 211-212
M. North Grenville Co. 16, 69, 70
North Hurdefield Co. 28, 88
Madman's Flat .. 15 North Pohinoor Co. 28, 29, 140
Majestic Co. 21, 22, 24, 25 North Llanberris Co. .. 32
Majestic lode . . 127 North Normanby Co.
(See Normanby North Co.)
Major Co. (See Britannia United Co.) North Park Co.
.. 24
MalakofiE lead 14, 15, 16, 19, 21, 72, 80 North Prince Extended Co.
.34, 142
Marcasite . . 59 North Prince Regent Co.
North Star Co. 34, 35, 37, 38, 39, 40, 141
Marginal lakes and streams . . 8, 10, 11, 12 .. 72
Marine gravels .. 49 North Woah Hawp mine 29, 30, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40,
Marshall's Freehold Co. . . 164 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 106, 238-244
Marsh gas . . 228 North Woah Hawp mine, details of workings . . 239-244
Mazeppa Co. 28, 138 North Woah Hawp mine, structure . . .. 238-239
Meanowski's lode . . 215,217,218 Northern Star Co. . . 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40,
Melanterite .. 59 139-40
Milkmaid lead 14, 16, 81
Nuggets . . .. .. .. .. . . 101
Mill Co. . . .. 20
Nuggets, list of .. .. .. .. 102-104
Mill lead . . .. 96
^Mineral lode . . 175
Minerals . . 56-61
Miner's Racecourse Co. 90 O.
Miner's Right lead 14, 15, 16, 80
Miner's Rights 13, 14, 61 Old Canadian Co. . . -.142
Mining at Ballarat, history . . 13-48 Old Gravel Pits Co. 17,19,71
Mining on private propertj' .. 61 Old Post Office Hill Co. 2 2 , 2 3 , 2 4 , 2 5 , 142-143
Molj'bdenit« 55, 60 Olivine . . •• .. 60
Montezuma Co. 72, 98 One Eve Gully . . 9, 11, 12, 14
Morgan's Freehold Co. .. 30 Ophir Co. 16, 17, 72, 92
Morning Star Co. . . .. 32 Ordovician strata .. 49
Morris and North . . . . 28 Oregon lode 209, 215
Monte Christo line . . 110 Orpiment . . 60
Mount Clear claim .. 28 Otway and party . . 125
Mount Pleasant lead .. 14 Outlet of Deep leads 19, 50
" Mundic " .. 59 Owen's Band of Hope Co. .. 33
Mundic Grit indicator 1.Ò0, 230, 231, 23 243, 245, 248 Owne s Freehold Co. .. 29
Murray's claim . . 28

P.
N.
Parade Co. 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 143
National lead .. 96 Parade Extended Co. . . 2 6
Nelson Co. 91-92 Park Co. . . 2 3 , 2 4 , 2 5 , 9 2 , 97
Nelson and Wellington Co. .. 91 Park Extended Co. 27,99
Nelson lead 94, 95 Pearce Bros.' claim 29
New Ballarat Freehold Co. - . 9 0 Pencil Mark Indicator - . 1 1 5 , 159, 160, 224, 225, 226,
N«w Band and Albion Con«olg Co, .. 29 229, 230, 232
 256

INDEX—continued.
PAGE PAGE

Peneplain 9, 49 Sebastopol Star Co. .. 32

Pennyweight Gully .. 14 " Sediment " dyke . . 5.5, 212, 214
Pennyweight Hill . . .. 21 Sediment line of reef ..109
Penrose Co. ..125 Serjeant's claim 27, 28
Permo-Carboniferous glacial deposits . . 9 Serjeant's Freehold Co. .. 29, 30, 154
Perseverance Co. . . ..15 " Seven-foot slates " 114, 124, 238, 241
Perseverance (New Perseverance) Co ..143 Shaft sinking 64-67
Perseverance and Reform Go. U3-144 Shaft sites, alluvial .. 63
Phoenix Co. .. 92 Shafts, size of . . 64
Phoenix lode .. .. . . 10 118, 119, 194, 196 Shafts, table of deepest ..250
Phoenix sTOcline . . 190, 195 Shoots, auriferoub . . 118-119
Pholerite " .. .. .. .. .. 60 Siderite . . .. 60
Physiography .. .. .. .. .. 7 Sir Henry Loch Co. 29 32, 34, 35, 36. 37, 3 9 , 1 5 5 - 1 5 6
Pioneer Co. .. .. .. .. .. 75 Sir Henry Loch shaft ..172
" Piths " .. .. .. .. .. 53 Sir Henry Loch United Co .. 37, 38, 156
Plateaux, Eastern and Westeni .. .. .. 8 Sir William Don Cc. Ì, 24. 85, 86, 87, 96-97
Port PkilUp Co. .. .. .. .. . . 125 Sir William Don reef 90, 97
Po.,t Office Hill .. .. .. .. . . 1 8 " Slides " .. 53
Post Office Hill. (See Old Post Office Hi!!.) Smith's Freehold Co. .. 28, 29, 157
Pratt's Freehold Co. .. .. .. . . 159 Smith's Freehold United C 27, 156
Prince of Wales anticline .. .. .. . . 106 South Britannia Co. 33, 34
Prince of Wales Co. . .20, 22, 23, 24, 37, 41, 74, 92-94, South Canadian Co. ..157
106, 145 South Dalzell Co. . . . 3 3
Prince of Wales lead .. .. .. 20, 93 South Plateau Co. 32, 33, 35, 36, 157
Prince of Wales lode .. 93,100,107, 119,158,196 South Prince Regent Co. .. 32
Prince of Wales and Bonsbaw Cc. 32, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40 South Star mine 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39,
41, 42, 145-147 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 106, 184-189
Prince Regent Co. 29, 30, 32, 33, 34, 37, 38, 39, 147-150 South Star mine, details of workings 187-189
Piince Regent lead 14, 15 South Star mine, structure 185-187
Promised Land lode ..28 South Star Extended Co. . 37, 40, 41, 42, 157
" Puddling up " . .. 66 South Woah Hawp Co. 34, 37, 244, 247
Pug d y k e . . .. 55 Southern Cross Co. .. 88, 97, 100
Pug lode . . 109, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221 Southern Freehold Co. 92,97
Pumps . . 6 7 Sovereign Co. 24, 25, 26, 27, 106
Pyrites .. . . 5 8 Sovereign (Ballarat East) Co. ..158
Pyrrhotite .. 60 " Specimens," list of 104-105
Speedwell Co. 30, 32, 33, 39, 159
Speedwell lode 158, 159
Q. Speedwell Proprietary Co. . . ..160
Spes Bona Co. 90, 96
Quartz formations .IS, 110-113, 118 Spes Bona lead .. 96
Quartz reefs, age of ..113 Sphalerite .. 60
Quartz " sjiecimens," list 104-105 Spurs, quartz 112,119
Queen Co. .. 28, 29, 150 Star of the East mine 29, 30, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 39, 40,
Queen lode ..234 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 106, 175-184
Queen No. 2 Co. ..150 Star of the East mine, details of levels 177-184
Queen North Co. ..150 Star of the East mine, structure 176-177
•' Queen slates " ..150 Star of the West Co. ..28
Queen Victoria Co. 24, 25, 26, 151 Steatite . . . . 60
Stibnite . . .. 60
" Streaky slate " .. 114,159,238
R. Structure, geological, of Ballarat 106-110,217
Realg-ar 57, 60 Suburban lead 76, 78
Recent deposits .. 51 Sulieman Consols Co. 32 33 34
Red Hill lead 14, 73 Sulieman line of reef 127, 137, 209, 210, 212, 214
Red Jacket Co. 73, 82, 94, 98 Sulieman Pasha Co. .. : 8, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35.
Red Lion Co. .. 75 36, 37, 38, 39, 161
Red Streak lead 14, 136 Sun Yow Hing Co. 38, 39, 40
Red Streak shaft. (See Llanberris C Surprise Co. 21,162
Reef wash 9, 68 Swamp Co. . . 22
Reef wash, origin of . . 9 Swamp lead .. 14, 16, 22, 24, 96
Republic Co. .. 72
Republic (Republican) lead 20, 86
Reward mine .. 45, 47, 247 T.
" Ribbon slates " . . 232, 245 Tannery Co. 17, 88. 89
Rising Sun claim . . . . 2 7 Taunton Co. .. 28
River capture 9, 12 Telegraph Co. .. 73
Roberts lode 120, 137, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 223, " Telegraph slates " 114, 230
224, 225 Temperance lode . . . . 109
Round Tower Co. .. 82 Terrible lead 14. 15
Royal Saxon Co. 17, 18, 20, 22, 72, 95 Tetrahedrite .. 60
Russell's claim . . 18 Tinwji-th's mine . . 29, 30, 32, 38, 39, 40, 41. 45, 164
Rutile .. 60 Topography 7
Tower HiU Co. 23, 25, 26
Township reef 18, 24, 27, 119
S. Township Reef Co. 18. 162
Township Reef group of mines .. 164
Saints mine ..26 Trafalgar Co. .. 97
Saddle reefs 111,170,214 Travertine .. 60
Sailor's GuUy 14, 15 Tredennick and party's mine . . 164
St. Andrew's Co. . . 2 5 Triumphant Co. 2 1 , 2 2 , 72, 73
St. George Co. .. 22, 23, 26, 79, 97, 98 Triune Co. . . 164
St. George and Band of Hope United Co. 24, 25, 26, 97, 98 " Twelve-foot slates " 114, 124
St. George United Co. .. .. .. 97, 98 Twin Birthday Co. .. 28
St. Legor Co. .. .. .. .. .. 88 Two Ton Co. 22, 23, 25, 26, 164
Scandinavian Co. .. .. .. . . 155
Scoria cones .. .. .. .. .. 7
Sebastopol Co. .. .. .. . .30, 81, 83, 96 U.
Sebastopol Plateau, No. 1 mine 35, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41,
42, 43, 44, 45, 47, 194-201 Unicom Co. .. .. .. .. 72.98
Sebastopol Plateau, No. 1 mine, details of workings 197-201 Union Co. .. .. .. 16.24,69,98
Sebastopol Plateau, No. 1 mine, structure .. 196-197 United Albion and Prince of Wales Co. .. 24, 25
 257
INDEX—continued,.
PAOK PAGB
United Black Hill Co. ..164 Western Freehold Co. .. 24, 88, 100
United Extended Band of Hope Co. 22, 24, 74, 76. 78, Western Indicator 114, 226, 230, 231, 234, 236, 238,
85, 97 241, 245, 246, 248
United Extension Co. .. 70 Western Llanberris Co. ., 32
United Hand in Hand and Band of Hope Co. . . 24, 25, 26, " Western slates " 148, 159, 230, 234
27, 76, 78, 92, 9 8 - 9 9 Wheatsheaf Co. .. 20, 80
United Red Jacket Co. .. .. .. 94, 95 Wheatsheaf lead .. .. 96
United Working Miners Co. .. .. 24, 99 White Flat . . 1 4
W M t e Horse lead . . 14, 15, 73
White Star Co. .. 73
V. Wild Duck Co. .. 72
Williams Freehold Co. . . 2 7
Ventilation .. 67 Wilson's Freehold Co. ..166
Vents, volcanic 51, 52 Windsor Co. .. 21
" Verticals " ..112 Winter's Freehold Co. . . 2 3 , 2 4 , 2 5 , 2 6 , 27, 28
Victoria Co. . 22, 27, 75, 88, 97, 100 Woah Hawp Canton Co. 29, 30, 32, 33, 35, 37, 38,
Victoria Cement Co. ..IOC 41, 45, 47, 48, 245-247
Victoria line ..201 Woah Hawp Central Co. 44 45 249
Victoria United mine 27, 28, 29, 30, 35, 36, 38, 39, Woah Hawp, No. 1 Co. 42, 43, 44, 45, 48, 247-249
40, 41, 45, 47, 48, 101, 2 0 1 - 2 0 8 Woah Hawp, No. 2 Co. 45, 250
Victoria United mine, details of workings 203-208 Woolshed lead
Victoria United mine, structure 201-203 Working Miners Co-. ..16,17,19,25
Volcanic action 10, 5 1 - 5 3
Volcanic vents 51, 52

W. Y.
Wareliam's claim . . .. 28
Wash-dirt 67, 68 Yarrowee.. ..
8, 11, 12, 54
Washington Co. 29, 165 Yorkshire reef ..109
Washington reef .. . . 138 Yorkshire Reef (Livingstone) Co. 18,166
Wasley's claim .. 72 Young Band and Albion Co. .. 28,29, 151,166-167
Waterloo C».. 17, 20, 69 Young Band Extended Co. . . . . 2 9
Waterloo lead .. 69 Young Hurdsfield Co. .. 88
Webster-street Freehold Co. 23, 100 Young Sulieman Co. . . 3 2
Welcome nugget .. 17, 102 Yuille-street Freehold Co. ..100
Welcome Nugget Co. . . 165
Wellington lead .. 94
Wellingtonia Gigantea Co. 22,165
Wendouree Co. .. 28 Z.
Wendouree, Lake . . 51, 52
West Malakofif Co. .. 72 Zinc blende .. 60
Western Co. 23, 75 Zulu Chief Co. .. 28

By Autboritv : ALBERT J. MtniETr, Governmeut Printer, Melbourre.

 GF4
Memws, ~14 Plate !11° I
C .EOLOC ICA L MAP
BA L L A RAT G O.LO Fl E LO /( I
/
.. Scale of
• .
Chai ns .
•
REFERENCE.
D Recent Alluvial.

w"'"' mosco •n"'

{
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suRFm [
, C
T E RT I A RY.

Inter-Basaltic clays,(rar ls & drift.

, { Va N9 l fLATESTj BASA LT FLOW.
D Post Basaltic gravels &·D Newer Volcanic. ~: Vd .cl <~·"~"
• • :• :• :• :• 1IIoT , XPOSEO ATT H, s llRr......,
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cu r-------------------1
11.-...-IOf: High level Pre -Basalt ic gravels . PLEASE RETURN TO
n...!~=:,:,.Mi....
PALA:OZOIC.
CJ Ordovic ian shales. & fine grained - sandstones . R E GIO NA L
0 400 800 4uticlll'le.rWJfen ewo.rt'u'- + · <!Y11c#i7t'.r w/Jere t'{IJO.J'etT-J- J;?,vZr. ,4//uwjf. Ballarat freehold.- ~uart?. KOHINOOR. - CtJ/lta'/I>' t:Y'tv'lj1il.i/.J'//nliCt'/tl;,,&/'t.
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metres Sect/011 /i11e.r, ,Plate I'-· A-A , 8-8 , &.'

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Alemoif' IV.0 14 Plate f.A

SECTIONS ACROSS THE BALLARAT GOLD FIELD

showing geological structure, alluvial deposits &~
SCALES.- hor izontal and verUcal - 16 chai ns to one inch.
HE FERENCE .
Recent Alluvial.
HHerman. D1reclor.
TE RTIA RY. WDickson. Secret-al)' for Mines.
r--i p B I . . ocr--i N 11 I . { v' "' 1 fLATESTl BASALT FLOW.
ost as(l tic grave 1soc. L__J ewer vo came. ~; ! ·:·u~R
Tl1e Kon.S.Bamas.M.LA_,l,jinisterof Mines.
t-__j : :.} NOT EXPOSED AT TH E SURFACE
WHERE arosrn • T THE su•r•c•{• lnter-Basaltic clays, gravels & drift. D Sub-Basaltic clays,gravels& drift.

PALA:OZOIC .
CJ Ordovician shales, & fine grained - sandstones .
/VOTE- Tile sections /Jcwe bee/7,ore,oareo' from Me St// v'd!Ce andt/11o'e;;tr ot/11o' endence 1r/!e17ere17ara1s0/e.
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Memo//? N.o/4

BALLARAT NORTH PROS:.~ C?': MINE

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UNDERGROUND WORKINGS .·. ·.· · .
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Scale of Feet
0 100 200
. ~w~u~.....,~iiiiiiiiiRlii;;;;;;;;;iiiiiiiii;;;;;;;;;;iimii•~·~~~~~~~~I
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STREET

H.Kt~ma n . Director
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W.Dlekcor.,Seef"etal')'forMi"es .
The lion. A.A.BUison M.l.A, r.linlst.erof Minas.

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TRANS V £RS E SECTION

 ·.' ·" . ·:·.·
.

Memo//> N.0 14. Plate Ill

BALLARAT ·CITY MINE

.BALLA RAT REFERENCE
Sandstone _____~ - _______ J:.:.::-:::1
Slate_ ______ ___________ Wll
UNDERGROUND WORKINGS Quartz_ _______________ ~

Scale of Feet
100 50 0 100 200
w ...,....._._. liiii'-d I

II.Herman. Dirt.ctor

TRANSVERSE
W.Dltk$On,Setre ti:try·forMines ,
The Hon. A.A.Biii.son M.L.A~ M IM11t&r of Mines .
SECTION
1-
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Main
476 FT LEVEL
Shaft . 476 FT LEVEL

P LAN
 Sillof Shaft 1422 66f~ abovesea level

NEW KOH I-NOOR MINE Plat e IY

REFERENCE
Sandstone___ _________ __ r-: =.: :.:I BALLARAT
Slate_ ________·_:. _______ gm.
Quartz_ ________ ___ - -- - ~~
TRANSVERSE SECTION
S c al e of Fe et.
100 50 0 100 200
WW~;;Jt\ J I

ltlferman . Diriec:t:or
W.Ok\H ~, Setl':tO., forMluG.
Tt. llvn. ll.A.31n~on U.LA..Ml~ls•.erof Mines.

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 ' ..

Memo/fl N. 014 P!ate5

·.. "

BAND AND LOCH MINE

(SIR HENRY LOCH SHAFT)
REDAN, BALLARAT
TRANSVERSE SECTION
Scale of. Feet
100 50 0 100 200
Lwi~
. ~1MU~~
·J~u5u~-~-~-Jil!!:5L&•iiiiiiiiiliiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiliiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiil!!!~~~~~~I

flat Veins worked

(no record)
Slide
N93

H.Herm1n. Director
W.Dlckson , Secl'N')' for Mines.
The Hon. A.A.Bllfson M.L.A.,Ml11Jster of Mine~.

TRANSVERSE '
I
I
/
SECTION
I

NOTE-
Upper Levels not Sectioned
 Pll1te 6'

If/
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~~I -.ff.;;; BAND AND LOCH MINE
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I (N?BSHAFT BAND AND ALBION.)
:::::ti
GUIDING STAR LODE .
1 REDAN, BALLARAT
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TRANSVERSE SECTION
:;;;;tfq};
:::::: ~' " Scale of Fee t
$4 100 50 . 0 100 200
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Cross·sedic11 of Upper levels taken
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Memoir N.o/4 BAND AND LOCH MINE Plate b.4

(N?9 SHAFT BAND AND ALBION.)

GUIDING STAR LODE
REDAN, BALLARAT.

LONGITUDINAL SECTION
Scale of Feet
100 50 0 100 ~00
Wwd-uliii'"'-' ' I

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w.u1c1<£cn.Ss:~t11., 111~ !.! i~~-
rn1 Ho~- •. 4.Ml&n M . LA,l.l\~1 ,tcr of Minn.

LEVEL

NOT£-
This Lode occurs Dfl the B/Jck Slate (Indicator)
on West side of CuirJint Star Anticline between
tf1e Anticline and the Syncline ·
700 LEVEL

LONGITUDINAL SECTION

GUIDING STAR LODE

988'4''1i LEVEL
11
11
11
11

1090 FT l J LEVEL
I1
11
11
t- 11
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1790 LEVEL NOTE-

IJ\"v
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aFault stoped here. /lalues irregular
1890 F"!" LEVEL
 •

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iJfemoi!' IV.0 14 ._ __J I

Plate YI!

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CROMW~LL STREET

STAR OF THE EAST. BAND AND ALBION AND KOH-I-NOOR GROUP OF MINES 1-
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!'
•
\1\\ '; \ BALLARAT
'\j \\I -1 \ PLAN Of UNDERGROUND WORKINGS
-

// \ ;/! -------r--~----__J '~-------- Scale of Feet

APPROXIMATl POSITI NOF Al~
M. 12 G f! level -
LOO[
r=
•
' 0
-z
\\//// ,------~§;,
0

/
ALEXANDRA STREET H.Horm,n, Djr<dM_
'/I. Dick;oo, Socn>I•~ foe l!in0<.
roo 0 200 ,.
~
""
•
~

~\
Tie Hool 11·"~"'" ~!AM;oE.t"· <r ~'""
r
-
-
< :;; I
~ 0
"z
ALBION / 1
,J~o0 \FT ltVEL
\ ·
1.

LODE .
· 1,~--;k..'f~
Kl NC S lsoo Fr ff ,,, -REFERENCE- NOTE_ Wfirkings s/Jow!l to dote of' ces.1at1C11
of'ope1'atio11s as .r/Jow/J O/J sep8!'Bte
:1• "
0

•-
>
~

z
Stoped Cround :'§[,~ 1nille Jl!al!J.
I' < ,,>
'"' ' .,
~

APPROXIMATE POSITIONori\ALBION LODE >

<
I
(Al ~"fa" of ' Bod-roe<) ."

'

- -- - ------- - - - - - -+---
'
--- - - L
STREET STREET

-1 I (/) n
\ / ""
OJ
"'c
\ (/)
)>
0
CJ)
c:
-l
0
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-<
-l
::i::
Cl

0 -l
----.
r-
"·
~--~L_ _ __j
I
I
I
I
-RIPON STREET
I

[ ~·

'
'

IOOO F' LEVEL STREET

D . · / / ·/ D D D
• -~~~=.====·~D ~==~
1209 FT lEYfl

660 rr LfYft
-I
~Jr
//.
// ./ · []__ __[l

_J

·-

\ ,,. -
,"-,.
- - -- -- - ---tf-

RAGLAN
------~

-
Vl

~
..
-~
~

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~
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=~-' \
\
~ ·.
~ \\ \

\
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(
TR E E T

l
 Memoir N.°14 STAR OF THE EAST AND BAND AND ALBION GROUP Of MINES P/ateJA

BALLARAT.
LONGITUDINAL . ·SECTION
Scale of Fe·et
200 100 0 . . .. 20 0 400

H.~• • . n1-tor
'ft'..~i<h•n,S.C.<1.1ry f.., Miod.
lie l!cn. ~.A.llilltu M.U.~1w d NI"".

..~·'fr:?J$~
.•· · !Jecemberl.911.

.....
1-
.-I
·~
<
Sllrfact of 1 I · Bad flock I ""'
= =
11
11
I
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I
v>
"'
~
I
1·1
J
I =
w ""
<
'1
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=
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11 I =
=
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11
I1
I 1
I
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oa N~ J ~osscDT
11&
I i300· .• .. · =
z:
11 < NO I LEVEL
11 "" . :H ~ l CR !ISSC~T
i1
,1
N92 LEVEL
1'
, 1

,1
H~3 LEVH
,r
1:
I
I 540 FT LEVEL
,_ I
~ I
~ I
600 F! LEVEL
===j
_ 11
:=' ===o=;c~~=o==;====
660 1 H lml
NQ7 LEVEL

11
C::. ·11
3: 1 I
'---
760 F~ J ~
'-'-'1 1
2: 11 N9 7 LEYH
::::!: I !

li; 11
I: LEVEL

< I
LU I
I 980 F!
~ I
CQpie~ from Manager's plan. t- I
Mine rnaccess:ble . 11
.._ r I
= 11 1080 F! LEVEL
I1
""~~~~~=;======
~ : r 1100 1 f\l leve-I
"' r 1 L 0 N G TUOINAL SECTION
LONGITUDINAL SECTION
JI 1:111:11
1200 2 H Level

1270 f \ level
1200 fT LEVEL

1300 F! LEVEL
NOT£-

HOO FT LEVEL
C0 NS 0 LS LOD £
NOTE_ This Lode occurs on the Black ()late [Indicator) on Wev·t
side of Consols Anticline between the Anticline and the Syncline

1500

I' 1720 r; Lml

"
r'

"~
'1
I1

- I1
11

L
11
11
.
1 II
1,

2000 F; level . 11 <>·•

oz: ! OF
I

2:
'""
~: ~I\;
SyNCLINE
2!40 fT LEVEL
<: ef
~.~ ~~ 2200 FT LEVEL - - -
Q I ,\~
~- : ~~
CQ i SS
: ~~
Lr=================·~==================================2°"2"°s1o=o=n===lE=v=EL==~==
'Memoir /V.o/4 ?late fl!!!

STAR Of THE EAST MINE

SEBASTOPOL, BALLARAT
TRANSVERSE SECTION
H.Herman. Oimtor. Sea. le of Feet.
W.11icksoo.Secreh:ry lilr Miries. 100 50 0 100 200
ne Honili~ingston Ml.I.M inister of Minos.

REFERENCE !VO!E _ lroP!dnps shown to d;;te of

Sandstone _________ __. E'C1 cessat!ol! of' Ofte!'8t101Js e8r(y
in 1.910 f)ecember/811.
Slate. _... _.. _________ .Dli
Quartz_ ____________ Ji!\ll!lll

601' 9• ' '\

I

' \

'' \

''
''
''
' I
\

\·
'\
\
!feef fa1J/ted here 4-:: \
-~ \
s '\
I

\
\
I
\
\
\
\
930 f! LEVEL 900' .l''.
\
\
\
\
\
\
\

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\
,:;.
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 '

Memoir !Vo/4 ·
Plate IX
Sill of Shaft 1388·63' above sea level

STAR Of THE EAST MINE . STAR Of THE EAST MINE

(N'?2SHAFT)
(N'?2SHAFT) ALBION LODE '
GUIDING STAR LODE . fi'7j}jfj =
· Bed ~ Rock SEBASTOPOL, BAll~RAT.
SEBASTOPOL,BALLARAT. LONGITUDINAL SECTION
LONGITUDINAL SECTION
Scale of Fe et
Scale of Feet
IOO 50 0 100
'"
10._o..,....,.'.0,...,...,..,.0,...,...= = -'.,"= = = =...;;"' #OT[ _ fJiof'lrings s/Jowfi to.date of'
cessation of' OJJe!'at1011s eaP(Y
Af(JT£ _ Jtlol'ki!J!JS show/J to dBte of' in 1310.
cessation of' oper8tio11s ea1'(y
in 1.310.
I Oecemberl.911
Oecembef'l.91!

· 11.H-.'"· Din!<tor.
W. ~""'°' · S"'"'l•ry fur Min.,_
.._
I-
Tho H...T.livioJ>l;or. M.l/\Mi,,j<ce, or Mi""" NOTf- <(
This Lode occurs on the Black S!ate(!nd1cator! :::c:
r./l
o!J West side of Cu1ifint StarAnticline between
the Anticline and the Syncline

GUIDIN G STA R
I
I
I
I /
I 900 fT LEVEL
. '

.
.
I-
In
<(
A LB I 0 N LODE
,_....,

u.J
:::c:
I-
.......
•
=
0::
<( . SLIDE
. I-
Cf)
.
•
1400 FT

•
1500'

,
 Memoir N.'U SO.UTH STAR MINE Plate X.

GUIDING STAR ANO CONSOLS LODES

SEBASTOPOL, BALLARAT.
' PLAN OF UNDERGR.OUND WORKINGS ··
H H~rman. Di~or.
'N. Did.son. Sa.;ret~ry fur Mines.
Th Hon U&..1nqd,nn /.li A.Mini1ter of Mineri Scale of Feet.
100 50 0 100 · WO

llOTE _ f'Yo/'/rr/Jps shown to !fate of' .

cessat1011 of' o,oel'BtriJIJS' ea!'!J' ·
Ill /.908. .

!Jicemoer /JI/
I

-I I L_j I
~~-~~~~~~

G RAY S>T R E E T BALA ST

Boundar)'
___J I

M
>
r.
< N tD
I f'T1
rr1
::::0 I
;:c
-z -I

. .- :::; .
~ ·
<2,
- '
\
·~

:::...: '
. . t::::I
<:::>
.:::::: ~

-
<::
•-=---
---
......_.
::::::,
t....:>
1400 fT LEVEL
7£!!. fT LEVEL
South Star 3170 ,
-.I
LU
;:::.. ~
....... .......
L...r
;:,,,...
L::f
;:,...
Main Shaft
I.LI
- r. c
_, .....,
4J · ~
...... _,

__
I- . i.:. • 1-. I-.
k !.&... ...... ...... 1-- • 2000 F! LEVEL
......
I-.
<:::>
c::::. -
c::::.
0 ..,
c:;:,
"'-. .
co
<:::.
C'\.1
CQ
"'-
c::;,
~ I

.. - ..
I
Lease Boundar

VICKERS S T R E -E T
f
Memoir N.o/4
?late XI

IOIO ff LfVfL
TRANSVERSE SECTION
Scale of Feet
100 50 0 100 200

SOUTH STAR MINE

SEBASTOPOL, BALLA RAT.
H.Htrrn~n, Director:
1'1.0icksoo , Secnt.iryfOr Mi.~es_
Th! tfoni l.Nw9st1n Ii.LA.Minister Df Mines
LONGITUDINAL SECTION
Scale of Feet
100 50 0 100 200

/VOTE_ f!lo/>/ri/l(!J' silow11 to date ot'

cessat/011 of' o/)e1'8ti011s ear(y
i// 1.908.
!Jecem/Jer 1.911.

I
GUIDING STAR LODE

.
L&J
:z
~
0 I-
~ en
i::::
:::. <
l.J.J
c::.
~
LU
=
I-
<U
V)

-
LL..
'1J
.... 0
I
cc: I:
~z~ L . . j_ _ _ _ _ ! _L_E_vE_L_-_ _ _-_I~/._
9s_o_r_ ___ ~- J
<(
I-
tn
11;
I.

1I 1'l
<i
iJU 1010 f! LEVEL I c3 ~
~ 'tis
.~-
I I ..
, ~

II ' !0" 2718 F: LEVE(/

II I
I

I I "/
I

-- 1f -
- - - J L- - - - - - - - - .- - -, I

~ ~ oo- F; -CEV EL - -
c+- 1 I
ra 11
..c: I I NOT£_
U'l I I
II This Lode occurs on the Black Slate (lndicatod
I: on West side of fJuidint Star Anticline /Jetween
II
I I the AntJdine and the SyncbiJe
QJ II
u l I &.
c: I I (\\Y '
ra 1 I ~" '
-1 I .~ ~'\, '
ra il
<..""'l\i
'\
ii
CQ
S'S''
11~~
1400 fT LEVEL
 Fl-7teX//
Memoir N.'1-'!

C(NTRAL PLATEAU MINE

~I (N<.>ISHAfT)
=
N SEBASTOPOL , BA llARAT.
= S cale o f Feet
"' 100 0 100 200

!/()[£~ cessatron ot
fYo!'lrin,pJ' shown to.di?te ol'
O/Ji3f'iltHJflS
~~ ·
·
/JJ /.J/)8. .

•·
~
PLAN ltH11m1n, Oi~or.
W. OIC'11:5iin . :53!:~ fur/il!nu.
TheH~n.,!Jlswl!'fird.M.l.A.Mb1s!erM Min&::.
t.:J
ill; ~
"'
I c.:i
-
c:::i
=:> "
~
"I
;~-l
~

~1
~
>
11 ~
~

....•·
t.:

{~
=
=
=

1~
~1

Lt~ c-~

NOTL Owrnt to Workints Mn; inaccessible

. survey taken from /Jana;ers Plan.
TRANSVERSE SECTION

J1
rrc-~~
I( 377 FT LEYH an '1"

REFERENCE
Sandstone___ m t::-·,. •1
_________

Slate__________________llJ!il
Quartz ___ _____________ !lilfl!il

t..:

\
. • I>
\ ' -~ -~
.. ':.if
!087 fl LEVEL rou ' 4"

,),
Memo//? N.o/4
Plate%///

CENTRAL PLATEAU MINE

N02 SHAFT Clay 8' 6" '
Basalt 57' 6"
I~ Rock { Gia J' O''
SEBASTOPOL. Batalt 34. 6"
Blue &.Gres Glay ZS
Scale of Feet Basalt 54' 6"
{ Clay &.Gravel 2' 0"
0 50 100 150
Bed Rock ah 186'0"
20n
L!J-..--.;I I I

f
Ceologica/ Surv'!)' Office,
Ballarat, H.Harn:cn . Oircclor_
June 1.918. W.DWQn.Seud"IJ rcrMines.
Ttu11H11n S.B<aNltdUAJ.iinisf't:rofM'nes.

#(}TE _ ftlodrin.;s shown to date of'

cessatiO!l of' o,oeflat/011.s li7 l.!Jl<f.

PLAN
- - - - - --

TR ANSVERSE SECTION

600 LEVEL

~ 700' LEVEL ~
I.I..
<C
\'II" i
:::c .,Ii
~ I
L 0 N C f T U [) I N A L
t/)
rJ~
SECTION I
I
I
I
z I
<t
:E I ~
ALBION LI N E OF I
I ~

898'
1900' LEVEL
Nemo/11 !Vo/4 Pia te )'///

CENTRAL PLATEAU EXT~ · MINE

Sill of Shaft 1415 Feet above Sea level
BALLA R AT.
TRANSVERSE SECTION
Scale of feet.
100 150 200
- I

REFERENCE
Sandstone H.Htrmafl,Direcror_
W.Oitkson.Se::rdaryfor-Mines.
l he H~ n.S. B arnes.M..LA..Mi nisterof ~nes.

Slate
Quartz

Ceohg/ca/ 5thT('Y fJ!lice.

llOTE _ J11ol'lrings s/Jow/l to date of'
cessat/017 01- OfJel'atiollS ill IJ/5.
fialklml
Ju!f 1915
/vlemoi/1 #.%£
!'/ate XY.

'
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,,""
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: I
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</ I'

// n·
/<- "" I I

.,,,w·j i
L" 4f"
. ,,I/
,,,,
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'

SEBASTOPOL PLATEAU N~IMINE

SEBASTOPOL,BALLARA~
I w

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100 50
Scal e o f Fe e t
0 100 WO ':I==~=~:
- I'
""
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,,"""
.....J •!
I ...._ __ _ _

....,, :;---- """

~ w~ i {'
,,,"'
Cmhgical Surr!J' W!ii:e. ' I I I '
J/l(}TE _ H'oPA:i/Jgs show/J to date o!" : PR VI. ff
cess!lti/J/J of' o,oePatiQllS in 1.9/S: fialhral "' '
' I ',
"""
Ju(y 1915. Q
0
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W.Oil!<.s on. St-:n:to~ ~·~'11111
',,, '
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'i 645 f'. UVEL - . ·- , I I ---------- ~ ---

556 F! LEVEL fruu. UHE~J [ : 201-F!I ilfVfCr:;;~ u11r~J- -

"' ~
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/'.femo/,n N.o/4
Pia te A'/11.

----,
. Sill of Shaft 1355·23' above sea level

REFERENCE
Sandstone ___ ----·----- CD
Slate ____ __ __ -- - ----- -~

SEBASTOPOL PLATEAU N~IMIN E Quartz_ __ _________ - --- ~1

SEBASTOPOL, BALLA RAT.

TRANSVERSE SECTION I
I
I
I
Sc a le of Feet Vl 1
100 50 0 100 'lOO ~II
Wu uJ......l;;J ........- I I l.
l
\
l
Ct()/o,ffical St//"Jlf:J' fJ/'llce. I

HOT£_ Jllol'lrings s/JowJJ to date of' 8allar1JI

I
I
cessation of' ojief'ati ons in IJIS. Jt1(yf9!S
I

H.Herman. Oirecto1: 378 F! LEVEL s7s's"

w.OicY..son.SecrctaryfurMines.
'
l heHtn.S.Bttrncs.M.LAJIJ mt: tof Mir.es.

T RAN.S VERS E:UJ tZ

1:::i ...J i
SECTION .
-'I . <( I
:z ,
;f 1 ~ ai
::J1z
j:: I
~ !~ Z t
>- 1 :r: <l'. t
V> I o.. I

~\~..,r:y~-.J'J·
~cf ~~1-~·~'.f!'
~l" .

NV4
SECTIONS .OF CROSSCUTS OFF NORTH

Qt· ..~·
t&l" - ~~~ ~·
il .. 1
1400' N. I080'N. 770 'N.
CROSSCUTS Off NORTH
 Memo/fl N.o/4 F/ate XJI//

Sill of Shaft 1427·09' above sea level

VICTORIA UNITED MINE

BALLARAT EAST
TRANSVERSE SECTION
Scale of feet.
0 50 100 290
~
I
i
Geological Survt!f Office
Ballarat
Dec.1915

H.Harman,D!nctor.
W.Oickson.SctretaryforMines.
Th0Hon..S.811rn~.M.LA.Mlnlsterol' Mines.

11/0TE _ J11o!'lrio.;.s s/Jow/l to date of'

cessatio17 of O/Jt11'8t/oll.S /17 /.9/S

REFERENCE
Sandstone ______________ _i.:.:-:.::::1 ECTION
Slate __ __ -" ________ ___ mnl /
/
/
Quartz_ ____ ____ ___ ----~

NOTL Cross Sections ofUpper Leve!s(i:o 571

(now r:/osetf)talren from ELidffey's Survey
Dow/J t.o572'see specialrepod.

I
I
I
I

I-
Li-
<(•
::c:
Cl)

z
<(
:E
Nemoli N.o/4
1
Pia te %f7//

Sill of Shaft 1422·98'above sea level

r
REFERENCE
Sandstone ______________ p.:J TRANSVERSE · SECTION
Slate __ ~ _____________ --~
Quartz _________________ ~
BRITANNIA UNITED MINE
BALLARAT EAST
Scale of feet
0 50 100 150
b:ces-..J I

1 I
I AllpJSt 1911

w
z
/
/

T R AN S V E R S E
H.Harma.n.Director.
W.Oickson.S~reraNforMin es .
lbeHorlA.Downward.M.LA.Minist'eror Mmes.

LaJ
w
z
z

~~1'
...... I J~G
5 ,
~cfl
. AA1' -
<..>/
~I
({)/
~ .
I ·- - -- - - - - - - - - - - --- - - -- - - - - - - - - .,
. 1179' - - - -- - - - - - - - - - -1.l. - ~ - - - ·- - - - - - - · - - _ ,
1179 FT LEVEL
 Plate ff,,(
Memo//? No/4

Sil! of Shaft 138l·44~bove sea level

·TRANSVERSE SECTION
LAST CHANCE MINE
BALLARAT EAST
Scale of feet
0 50 1()0 150 zoo REFERENCE
~::-tot ;;;Im; ·~ Sandstone ____________ E.J
Slate ___ _____ ______Jiii
A111111st 1911 Quartz __ __ __ _____ __ _:~

T R A NS V E R S E SECTION

H.He1·rr.an.OlrKt'Or.
'tl.Oicl:son,Socreiaf)'forMines.
·1hetton.A.DownwartUtLA.Minister ofMir.es.
 Plate XX
. Memo/11 N.o/4

FIRST CHANCE AND NORTH FIRST CHANCE MINES

BALLAR AT EAST.
Scale of feet
0 50 100 150 zoo
~ -;;J J gJ
H.Herman, Oirector.
W. Dicks;in, s~.-etal)· fur Mloos.
Thelio n.AllownW!lrd,M.LA.Mlnisle1·ofMines.
Av$1st 19/J..

)/(}TE_ f11orlriogs .sllowo to date of'

cessatioo of' O/Je!'<Jtio11s 1:
ill 1312. .

lo<lc e SpYrs 15' wide

~
.f
;§
':i

L E V E L

SECTION X-Y

RISE
~'~ttk
789' level. i.A5T CHANCC

'

rlRST CHANCE MINE

NORTH FIRST CHANCE MINE

REFERENCE
SI of Sandstone ______ ____ __.1'= ,,,·,:1
Slate"_____ ____ ___ __llfl!ll
REFERENCE Quartz_ _______ __ - --- - ~
Sandstone _________ ________ , __C.:J
Slale _____ ___ .. ________ - -- __ffi'!UI
~- ~L_E_A_D~
Quartz _______ -- ----- --~----~ Surface. Bed rock.
I
1:
:·
1•
TRANSVERSE ,1
11
SECTION
II

TRANSVERSE SECTION "

ti
11

I-
LL..
<(
I
:x: I
V) I
I
I
,., I
''
/ f I I
'/I I I
' I I
J. I

\\\/!:_1f I
I
I
1-
1

PRoJfCTION or Srnm PA55ltJ rnnouo11

Memo1i' No/4 Plrite A'-11

1
Siii of Shaft 1400·!}! above seaievel

REFERENCE
LLANBERRIS NC? I MINE Sandstone _______ ___ __ j:-: . ..;:I
Slate ______________ llBI
BALlARAT EAST. Quartz__ __________ _-~

Scale of Feet.
100 I~ 200
• I
I

:z
.o

~
TRANSVERSE SECTION
z fl&()/tJfical $urYf!f 0/!7c&,

{
· .0
Ila/larat.
2 ·
·""' DEPTH Of LEVELS.
·O
U1
N9 I__________ .465' ~o
f&
N9 2_________ _570' ,~
~ ' ~
N9 3___ ~______ 630' ' ~ 9~ ~1,~,}~
N9 4________ __n8' 6" I \~
.1,.
~
J :l ~~ l\)O';'J
N9 5__________ 828' . ' .
-~ ; ,. ·1~-

N9 6__________ 928'
N? 7_________ _102s· 6'
N9 8________ _1128' /JIOTE_ JIJl(Jr>/ri11qs shown to date of'
N9 9________ J228' CeSSfjtiOfl of' OjJf3!1fJtiOIJJ' ifl /!117
11 . Hmnan,Dini:to .~
W.D1dcSon,Scmhlry far M1ntli.
ThnHnn.S.6ir.ie.s.Ml.>..Mmislerof t.!ine.s. I N! I LEVEL
I
I
I

...:·:i:~·~·:·:: ::_LE_V.E-~·:.:·:::.:: :::: ::··.:::::::.::: :... .... _

N! 3 LEVEL

N! 4 LEVEL.

I
I
I

_, I
~I
::::; 1
e'
<: I
-<r: I
I
z· 0 I ·
(J1 I
I
I 92f I
I r
r
.... I.Ji
::c: ,
I r :;:
I
r
r I- .,_.\
I r
,
r
I
l i
1 j ;'
l I
zJjl
I
: I ~/
! ! ;j1 /
•O
w . : I I /./
l I I j~
1 I 0 I /·<?·
r- r 1, .jifo'Y·~~ <>'·
\ ''\~!';) ~ .
~
t

M
r. '· . ~~
r-

122s' I
I
I
I
I
I
-~ I
I
I
N~ 10 LEVEL

SOUTH LLANBERRIS
CO'S WORKINGS
 Memoir !Vo/4 Plate A"Xll

840' LEVEL ' LEVEL , L-J L_

r--i ...--

H.Htrman, DirtctOr.
W.D ickson .Sec~l)'For Mines _
TbeHan.S.Barn·es.M..LA.Ml nisterofMinet.

00
.f.:>.
LLANBERRIS N~2 MINE o:i
0
'
.f.:>.
OJ

BALLARAT EAST. l
PLAN
'°
-!:>
0
Scale of Feet. '
0 50 100 150 200 r
~ .... ' I rn
<
rn
r
Ceolo{fica/ Sul'YIJJ' [/f/h:e,
Ba!larat.
r r
/YtJTE _ fJlo,n/rin.;s .shown to date of' rn
<
!2rn
. cessation of' O/Je/'tJtions iR 1810. {!! I
· l!zeJ04tJ'and 1148'/eve!s were
· 11ot accessi/Jle for· su!'vey.
Memo//? JV.o/4 Plate%%///
TRANSVERSE SECTION ·
LLANBERRIS NO 2 MINE /

BALLARAT EAST .
Scale of feet
0 50 100 l!iO 200
~~ ~s~-:=!!:~d!!:::=:=·~,!!i!!!~3':::::~~' H.Herman.Dirc-etor.
W. Dicl!5on.S~el;,;yfurMines.
l hsHon.S.Barnes.M.LA.M!nisterofMines.
· lieo/of/c,;/ Surrtj)' tlfl7ce,
lialhrirt.

Sill of Shafl1454·3~'above se,,,_a_,,,le,.,_,ve,,,_I_ __ /Jl(}TE _ J11of'ki17pJ' shown t<J date of'

" cessation of ojJeratlons
ill 1.9/(}
REFERENCE
Sandstone ___________ _________ _J::::::!
.Slate ··--- .. ___--- ------·--- __ Jiii
Quartz-- -------~--- ·-··---· -··-~

TRANSVERSE SECTION

Nt3LE~EL i
J oal
I llJ
I
I
! ~I

w
:r:
I-
Nef!lo/,n !Vo/4 Plate%%/f(
TRANSVERSE SECTION
NORTH NORMANBY MlNE
BALLARAT EAST
Scale of feet Sill of Shaft 1493·92above
-rr- .sea level
0 50 100 150 200
6---;;J I
I
I
11

~~ 11

Ceologica/ Suf'Vlljl Office, '\

Ballarat.
REFERENCE
Sandslone _______ ___ __ ______ k~t'.'':'I
Slate ________ ___ _______ __ _11.m
Ouarl~ _____ __ _____ ______ Rl

/Jl{}TE _ JJlol'lrl/JffJ' s/Jow/J to date of'

I
cessat/017 of' ojle1?8tio11s .
ill 1.310. I

H.Her'man, Dir~ctor.
W.Dickson.SecretaryfurMines.
The H on.S.B!rn~.t.llA.Ministeror t-~nes.

'
I

,
,I I/
I/

I
J/
/

I I in:
I

~I
I

''

I
/ SECTION
,I

I
i

I
Ul
z
:::i
'-'
z
,.,.,~oi·"'1/l
~
r• - f>,iA1,;,.'f:
•
- ~~

80 0' LEVEL / Secliun !/Oftl lort/! uf J/Jaft

•
 .I

P/ate%Xf.
Memoir No/4
TRANSVERSE SECTION
NEW NORMANBY MINE
BALLARAT EAST
Scale of feet
0 50 100 150
:;j200
~
I I

~~g
Ceo/ogica/ J'u!'vgt (Jff7ce,
Jf3//3f'8t. H.Herma.n,Director.
W.Oir.kson.Se-:rel';iryforMini.:s.
11telion.S.8arnes.M.LA..Ml~istero·r Min~

Sill of haft I 4·31' above ea level

fJIOTE _ fYo!'lr!n.;.r show/I to elate of'

REFERENCE cessilt/017 of' Ojlef'atio!JS
Sandstone ________ ---· _______J::::: I in /.JIS
Slate __ ____________ _____ ... m
Quartz __ _______________ -- -~

TRANSVE ·RSE SECTION

NOZ LEVEL
/
/

I v
\ cO
I
\ ~v

I
I
\

\I
Me.moi.r !Vo/.¢ · Pl.ate .lXN.
TRANSVERSE SECTION
Sill of Shaft 1496-74' above sea level
NORTH WOAH HAWP MINE
BALLARAT EAST
REfERENCE
Sandstone __________ .. _EU Scale of feet
Slate ___ __________ l!l!lfill 0 50 100

·~
be .......J I . . I
Quartz ________ __ __ ~

Oeo/of!cal Su!'vey Office,

Ba!/arat.

TRANSVERS .E SECTION HO.TE_ 11/o!'lr!n.;s shown to/!J/6'.

H.H1mnan,Director.
W.Dicksan.SecretaryforMines.
lheKonS.Barnes.M.LA.Minll:ta:•ofMines.

t-
i.I...

<( I
I .,.,
::i: I "'~

(/) I NO 10 LEVEL
I I
I I

~
J 11
948' I"

I
w I
::c I
NOS LEVEL
I Mv!/oclred up

I-
I
Memoif> IV.o/4 .P/ate%YW
-TRANSVERSE SECTION
SOUTH WOAH HA WP MINE
BALLARAT EAST
Scale of feet
100 150 20@
I k I

Ceo/o.fical $t/rYf!Y Office,

flallaNt
Sill of Shaft 1484·04' above sea level

H.Harman, Directo1:
. W.Oickson.Sccretaryf9r M10es.
NOTE_ J11ori/rin.;s shown to o'ate of'
T~ e !fo!l.S.Bai'nes.M.L AMini1terof Minr.s. cessation of o,oef'ations
ill 1.910
REFERENCE
Sandstone__ __ ~ __ _____ __ _1::::::::: I
Slate __ ___ ___ __ ___ ll!llll :
Quartz ______ _ ___ ___ ~

TRANSVERSE SECTION

?GS" ,~

II l:'.E
-~
~
Memoir N.o/4
?late A'.Aj/j,I/

Sill of Shaft 1439·35' above sea level

~.it•mnn , Olr~cro r.
11'.0id<~on,Secret~ry f~r M1n:s .
Th~~on.S. Barn~ J.llA...MlnMeroF Mines.

WOAH HAWP CANTON, SOUTH WOAH HAWP,

TRANSVERSE SECTION CLARKE'S & Tl NWORTH'S N~ and Oep~hs
NQ 10 328'
of Levels
520' .
MINES. N9 9
NQ 8
NQ 7
595'
649'
BALLARAT EAST. NQ 6
NQ 5
752'
852'
NQ4
PLAN NQ3
NQ2
Scale of feet NQI
100 l;<l
GROSSGUT 164'

WOAH HAWP CANTON MINE /VOTE _ Jtl(ll'lri1J,;s sliow/J to tfste of'

Ceo/iJpi:a/ Suf1!e? l!!t/ce,
llallrJrat
cessat/011 of OfJel'8tion.s in 1816'.
TRANSVERSE SECTION
I-
Li..
Scale of Fest C[
::c:
(/'}

WOAH HAWP CANTON MINE

TRANSVERSE SECTION
Seals of Feet.

'I z
J a:
i C[ Sill of Shafl 1498·04' above sea level
0
.... 0
:::iE
;3
Q
!:<
L REFERENCE
Sandslooe ___ _____ __ ____ r '':'I
<..J
REFERENCE ~ Q

..,.
;;z:
7522:
I
I Sia le _____ ____ ____ ___ Jlffi!lfill
Sandstone __________ __ 1·-·.:-:·.:I I
Slate __ _____ ____ __ ___ __Dl[I Ouarlz ____ ___ --· ___ - --- -~ I
Quartz...___ __ _____ - - --~

TRANSVERSE
11.r SECT I 0 N.
ILL.

I
I 1~
I~
' '
I I
I I
I I
Ju,
/~ I
I U; ·
i;I
"'('
I

a1
i/
~·
,. Clarke's Shaft
160' SOUTH OF SHAFT
:c:f
CROSSCUT
ii'
I
I

CROSSGUT WEST Off DRIVE Saum

 Pfate%A"IX
Memoir IV.°14

TRANSVERSE SECTION
NEW ·INDICATOR MINE

I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I

I
/ 23!:f
HJterrm.n.Dirtctcu:
W.Oicks'ln.SeretaryforMines.
1haH1lnS.Barnes~\tl.A..MinisftrofMines.
LEVEL .
New Indicator Shaft

NEW INDICATOR &REWARD MINES.

BALLA~AT EAST. .P L.J.\ J\J
Scale of Feet.
0 50 100
~·

· ~-n-~
Ceolo.flctJ/ .ftlf'l:'f)I (}/'/lee,
l/a//a!'at.

-·-~ of Shafl 15lHI'" above sea level

REFERENCE
Sandslone_ __________ _\::::::I
361' Reward Shaft · Slate ______ - - - -- _ fllll
Quarlz_ ___ - - - - --~

p .LJ-\N
A
237" LEVEL I-
LL.
<
:c .
tA

!VOTE_ fJlol'lril'l!JS show/l to.r/ate of'

· cessatioll of' o,oef'8t1ons
iiJ /JI/

'
f
I
I
I --tttt-
~I.
;...; Z
~I
:s I
~I <(
"I ::::
I
I
TRANSVERSE SECTION I
I~~ i:J
REWARD MINE ,Cfr"'f,l
 Memoi,n N.~~ P/ateX%A.

Sill of Shaft 1460' above sea level

H.Herr~n.01rtctor.
W.Ditl\son.Secret8rYforMines.
TheHon.S.Sarnes)tLA..Ministerof Minu.

WOAH HAWP N91 MINE ·.

BALLARAT EAST
TRANSVERSE SECTION
.1.
Scale of Feet.
0 50 100 150 200
bri;;;:sJ: P.!!191'd
iiiiE~

Ceo!ogical Survif Office.

Ballarat,

llOTE _ ft/o/'kin.;s shown to date of'

cessatioll of' ojle!'ations in l!J/.b.

TRANSVERSE SECTION

REfERENCE
Sandstone ___________ _J:::::.I
Slate ____________ __ _1\11!
Quadz_ _______ - ----~

N~4 LEVEL

N?3 LEVEL

N° 2 LEVEL
 Jlfemolf> H.°14 P!ateXYAJ

WOAH HAWP CENTRAL MINE

BALLARAT EAST. REFERENCE
Scale of feet.
0 50 IOOI
Sandstone 8::3
~·
Sill of Shaftl422'89' above sea level Slate
Quartz

#(}ff_ J11ol'Kil7§S s/Jowo to/ate of'

cessation of Ojle11at1011s TRANSVERSE SECTION
ill !JOS. HOTE-~ !be names g;ye/} to tho Y<l/'IQ!/S oe<(s,
""' tA/JSB Sll,iijlfi!tl47 th Jlan5feJ!

~
-----===--=
RISLE
----u LJ
·-~n.~~·~'-c_·»_Jn
CROSS-CUT at ·200' ,-.!---~-
MAIN
. -~----..~..,--,--._--'n'----~~
IL
.. .
·~
-•"'J I .
~AFT
. .
~
PLAN .'"

H.Harrian,Oirector_
W.01ckson,SceretaryforMines.
1h.tton.S.Barne.s.M.LA..MiaisterofM'meJ.
Alemoifl H.0 14 PlateXU./!

PLAN

LEVEL H.He;man,Uirec1or.
W.Oic\lson.SecretartforMincs.
lheHon.S.Barnes.M.LA.,M!ni.derof Mines

WOAH HAWP MINE

BALLARAT EAST.
a::
0 .
Scale of' Feet.
!VOTE_ J1!of'lriogs sho1111J to date of' 0 50 IOO 150
rrL;
cessatioo of' O/Jl3f'8tloo.s Wnd j
ifl 1312.
~~r~
fltg/rJgica/ Sf/rrf!)I (}f'//ce,
!laIlarat.
Whim .. Shaft
--
3/ 7- /L/'

_ __sj)I of Sb2fl l3GI ·37' above sea level

REFERENCE
Sandstone
Slate
Ouadz

TRANSVE-RSE SECTION

NO 4 LEVEL