DBR Vup
DBR Vup
DBR Vup
RUB & MINOR BRIDGE ON NH 75 BETWEEN NELAMANGALA TO HASSAN
Table of Contents
1. Project Brief:
The RUB & minor bridges are proposed on NH-75 near Kunigal via Nelamangala to Hassan. The
length of the RUB & minor bridges are governed by the available road lengths.
.
Vehicular Underpasses "VUP" (RCC Box double cell having approach retaining
Structures)
Minor bridges.
Salient features includes following details i.e. proposed span arrangement, type of proposal,
proposed length of Vehicular Underpass (RCC Box).
3 Total width proposed 21.25mtr = 9.60mtr (New 2-lane VUP) + 0.60 mtr.
Intermediate wall + 9.60 mtr (New 2-lane VUP) +
2X0.70mtr. Side walls
4 Width of New 2 lane VUP (LHS Total Slab width (9.60mtr.) = 7.00mtr carriageway
& RHS) on Main-carriageway. +1.50mtr. Utility box/footpath + 1.1mtr.
RUB & MINOR BRIDGE ON NH 75 BETWEEN NELAMANGALA TO HASSAN
b) Vertical clearance-5.50mtr
4.3 Materials: -
All dimensions and units are in SI units. When required to use data from the code which is in
MKS units, the same will be used by applying a conversion factor 1 kg = 9.81 N.
4.3. 1 Concrete
Sub-structure M35
Crash Barrier M40
Location Cover
mm
1 Top Slab Outer (Earth) face 75
2 Top Slab Inner (Non Earth) face 45
3 Bottom Slab Outer (Earth) face 75
4 Bottom Slab Inner (Non Earth) face 75
5 Side Walls Inner (Earth) Face 75
6 Side Walls Inner (Non Earth) Face 45
Note
Where bundled or paired bars are used then the equivalent diameter shall be
considered in determining cover requirements.
RUB & MINOR BRIDGE ON NH 75 BETWEEN NELAMANGALA TO HASSAN
4.3.1. 4 Density
Reinforced Concrete - 2.5 t/m3
Plain Concrete - 2.4 t/m3
Poisson’s Ratio for all Concrete shall be 0.2 as per IRC: 112 - 2011.
4.3.3. 4 Density
Wearing coat shall be 65mm thick comprising 40mm thick Bituminous concrete in two layers
of 20mm each overlaid with 25mm thick mastic asphalt.
RUB & MINOR BRIDGE ON NH 75 BETWEEN NELAMANGALA TO HASSAN
In new VUP strip seal type expansion joint to cater movement for simply supported span of
up to 30m units shall be adopted. For bridges with higher span modular type expansion joint
shall be adopted of 25mm as per IRC-15 2002 Clause 3.3.7. These shall confirm to and be
installed as per requirements of the contractor.
Cross gradient shall be provided for drainage and drainage spouts shall be provided at regular
intervals on one side or both sides of carriageway depending upon cross slope/ super elevation.
M35 grade of concrete approach slab of 3.5m minimum length and 300 mm thickness shall
be provided on both sides of the structure with one end resting on structure and the other
resting on the compacted backfill soil as per clause 214.2 of IRC: 6 - 2017. The approach slab
is provided over lean concrete of 150mm thickness in RCC M15 grade of concrete as
stipulated in MORTH (Ministry of Road Transport & Highway) specifications.
4.4. 5 U-Trough
4.4. 6 Pavement
Rigid pavement of ramp in Underpass shall be designed as per IRC standard (MORTH).
RUB & MINOR BRIDGE ON NH 75 BETWEEN NELAMANGALA TO HASSAN
Dead Load is defined as the self-weight of the structure. Self-weight of reinforced concrete
and pre-stressed concrete will be taken as 2.5 t/m3 as specified in para 4.3.1.4 above. All
other loads shall been taken as per the table provided in IRC 6-2017.
For design purposes 65mm thick of asphalt wearing course shall be considered. Its weight is
considered as 0.22 T/m2. This load shall be applied as a uniformly distributed load over the
entire carriageway area.
The carriageway of the proposed bridges / structures will be designed for governing effect of
IRC loadings (Class 70R and Class A) with appropriate lane reduction factor as specified in
IRC: 6-2017. The above loads will be increased by appropriate impact factors of IRC: 6-
2017.
The Class A trains are spaced every 20m whereas Class 70R are spaced every 30m between
axles for wheeled vehicles, and every 30 m from tail to nose for tracked vehicles. An
appropriate reduction factor is applied as per the loading combination.
RUB & MINOR BRIDGE ON NH 75 BETWEEN NELAMANGALA TO HASSAN
The following live load combinations shall be considered for the design and analysis as per
provision of Cl: 208 of IRC: 6
RUB & MINOR BRIDGE ON NH 75 BETWEEN NELAMANGALA TO HASSAN
Vertical impact for Class A loading shall be as per figure given below:
For Class 70 R – wheeled vehicles, impact shall be taken equal to 25 % for spans less
than12m, and in accordance with above figure for spans in excess of 12 m. For Class 70 R –
tracked vehicles, impact shall be taken equal to 25 % for spans upto 5 m, in early reducing to
10 % for spans of 9 m. 10 % for spans up to 40 m and in accordance with above figure for
spans in excess of 40 m.
As per Clause - 214.2, IRC - 6 : 2017 , the braking force shall be 20% for the first two lanes
plus 5% for the lanes in excess of two.
The performance of retaining wall during earthquake is very complex. Due to repetitive
nature of dynamic load of earthquake, there is need to determine displacement of wall due to
RUB & MINOR BRIDGE ON NH 75 BETWEEN NELAMANGALA TO HASSAN
earthquake forces and distribution of backfill soil mass. Laboratory test and analysis of such
walls by Kramer (1996) indicated the following:
The BIS code IS:1893-1984 gives direct formula for treatment of dynamic
increment of earth pressure. The distribution factor (Kd) is given by ratio of lateral
dynamic increment in active pressures to the vertical pressures at various depths
along the height of wall H as shown in Fig.2. The pressure distribution of dynamic
increment in active earth pressure may be obtained by multiplying the vertical effective
pressures by the coefficient Kd at corresponding depths.
Fig.2 shows the typical earth pressure diagram showing static and dynamic increment
pressures. These diagrams with generic formula will help designers to draw
RUB & MINOR BRIDGE ON NH 75 BETWEEN NELAMANGALA TO HASSAN
pressure diagrams for even layered soils with different soil properties along the
height of wall.
As per IRC:6- 2014 clause no.213.3, In the design submerged masonry or concrete
structures, the buoyancy effect through pore pressure may be limited to 15 percent of
full buoyancy.
The design of the submerged RCC structures shall be done considering design ground
water table.
The Ground water table (Base value) shall be considered as maximum (in terms of RL)
of Ground water table data published by
(a) Central Ground water board (CGWB),
(b) Ground water table reported in Geotechnical report provided in tender documents,
(c) Ground water table reported in Geotechnical report provided by Design & Build
contractor.
The design Ground water table shall be taken as 4.0m higher than the Base value for
evaluation of effects for design purposes.
Design GWT shall be taken for evaluation of effects for design purposes so that
Buoyancy calculation also shall be calculates assuming ground water level at the same
water table. (F.O.S.) should be greater than 1.1 of the ratio of total downward vertical
pressure and uplift water pressure.
Underground vertical elements that are in direct contact with the ground shall be
designed as permanent retaining walls to resist the lateral earth pressure. The earth
RUB & MINOR BRIDGE ON NH 75 BETWEEN NELAMANGALA TO HASSAN
Ko=1-Sinφ,
For Walls and retaining structures to be design for active earth pressure.
Where live load is present behind retaining structures a live load surcharge equivalent
to a minimum of 1.2 meter of soil shall be considered.
Backfill parameters proposed to be taken for the backfill material behind abutments and
other earth retaining wall are:
Temperature loads shall be considered in two ways as below Maximum & Minimum
air shade temperature for project region shall be 47.5°C & - 2.5°C respectively.
Hence, Structures shall be designed for a temperature variation of ±35°C. The
temperature effect of rise and fall takes place over a season and hence the long-term
value of Modulus of Elasticity shall be considered in the analysis, E shall be estimated
by considering a creep coefficient of 2.
The superstructures shall also be designed for effects of distribution of temperature
across the deck depth as per Clause 215.3 of IRC: 6 - 2017.
4.7 RCC Box (VUP), U-trough & Approach Retaining Structure Analysis
The RCC Box & U-Trough Structures shall be analysed using STAAD Pro. By line
modelling. Gross sectional properties of members ignoring reinforcement shall be used for
modelling the structure. The members shall be idealized as line elements connected at centroid
RUB & MINOR BRIDGE ON NH 75 BETWEEN NELAMANGALA TO HASSAN
level.
Dead Loads & SIDL shall be applied as discussed above. Live loads with impact factors shall
be applied on the line model as a moving load. From analysis, maximum forces shall be taken
for the selected sections.
Shear check shall be checked for ultimate loads as per IRC: 112 - 2011. Capacity of section
for both cracked and un-cracked sections shall be checked against the provided shear
reinforcement.
For retaining wall design will be carried out as per IRC code with the help of spread sheet.
All foundations and other substructure works are cast-in-situ. This includes:
Excavation up to certain depth.