Agriculture & Agricultural Practices: Soil Preparation

Food is a basic requirement for every living being. We depend on plant and animals for food.
Ancient men
began the cultivation of food in a small area and used certain procedures for their management and
improvement. This art of cultivation of the crop is called agriculture.
Agriculture & Agricultural Practices
Soil preparation
Before raising a crop, the soil in which it is to be grown is prepared by ploughing, levelling, and manuring.
Ploughing is the process of loosening and digging of soil using a plough. This helps in proper aeration of
the soil. After ploughing, the soil is distributed evenly and levelled in the process called levelling. The soil is
then manured.
Sowing
Selection of seeds of good quality crop strains is the primary stage of sowing. After the preparation of soil,
these seeds are dispersed in the field and this is called sowing. Sowing can be done manually, by hand or
by using seed drilling machines. Some crops like paddy are first grown into seedlings in a small area and
then transplanted to the main field.
Manuring
Crops need nutrients to grow and produce yield. Thus, the supply of nutrients at regular intervals is
necessary. Manuring is the step where nutritional supplements are provided and these supplements may
be natural (manure) or chemical compounds (fertilizers). Manure is the decomposition product of plant
and animal wastes. Fertilizers are chemical compounds consisting of plant nutrients and are produced
commercially. Apart from providing nutrients to crop, manure replenishes soil fertility as well. Other
methods for soil replenishment are vermicompost, crop rotation, planting of leguminous plants.
Irrigation
Irrigation is the supply of water. Sources of water can be wells, ponds, lakes, canals, dams etc. Over
irrigation may lead to waterlogging and damage the crop. This frequency and interval between successive
irrigation need to be controlled.
Weeding
Weeds are unwanted plants which grow among crops. They are removed by using weedicides, by manually
pulling them with hands and some are removed during soil preparation.
Harvesting
Once the crop is matured, it is cut and gathered, this process is called harvesting. Followed by harvesting,
grains are separated from the chaff either by threshing, or manually in small scale (winnowing).
Storage
Grains yielded are stored in granaries or bins at godowns for later use or marketing. Therefore, methods
of crop protection need to be better. In order to protect grains from pest and rodents- cleaning, drying,
fumigation, etc., are done prior to storing.
For successful agriculture, proper methods and practices are to be followed.
To know more about agriculture and its practices download BYJU’S-The Learning app.
Presentation on theme: "Following are the steps of farming"—
Presentation transcript:
1 Following are the steps of farming

Process of FarmingFollowing are the steps of farmingCrop SelectionLand PreparationSeed
SelectionSoil PreparationSowing of SeedsIrrigationFertilizersPesticidesHarvesting
2 1. Crop SelectionWe should choose the best crop suited for given climate, soil & water availability
and other factors
3 2. Land Preparation or Soil Tillage

This is done by burning the previous waste crop. This helps to soften the soil, level the land and
control weeds
4 3. Seed SelectionGood quality of seeds give better yield of crop. The seeds should be disease free
5 4. Soil Preparation This is done in three steps

1. Ploughing : Process of loosening and upturning of soil to make it soft, loose and fit for crops.
Done by animals and machines.2. Levelling : Done by soil levellers, bullocks, tractors and other
means.3. Manuring : To add manure or chemical fertilizers to increase the yield of crops.
6 5. Sowing of SeedsProcess of planting seeds. Methods used are as follows :1. Broadcasting :
Scattering of seeds all over the field.2. Drilling or Line sowing : Dropping of seeds by line drill.3.
Dibbling : Placing of seeds at cross marks. Done manually by dibblers.4. Transplanting : Raising the
seeds at nursery and finally planting them on the cultivation land.5. Planting : Placing of vegetative
p[art of crop in the laid out field.6. Putting seeds behind the plough : It is dropping of seeds behind
the plough in the furrow manually.
7 Refers to supplying of water to the dry land as substitute of rain

6. IrrigationRefers to supplying of water to the dry land as substitute of rain
8 7. FertilizersTo give proper nutrients to increase the crop yield. Plant develops tolerance towards
pests, diseases and insects.
9 8. PesticidesTo control agricultural pests like ants, bugs, cockroaches, bettles, cricket, moth etc.
This increases the crop yield.
10 9. HarvestingProcess of cutting and collecting grains from crops with the help of hand sickles or
machines. Different steps of harvesting are as follows :(a) Cutting the crops : This is done by hand
or machines(b) Field drying : leaving the cut crop to drying in open(c) Hauling : transporting to other
places where the crop can be threshed(d) Stacking or Pilling : the crop is put into piles or stacks(e)
Threshing : separation of grains from the straw
11 (f) Cleaning : removing unwanted materials like sand, stones, straws, weeds etc from the
grains
(g) Drying : to remove moisture from the grains(h) Storage : to store the grains in safe place where it
can be protected from insects, ants, rats, birds etc.
12 THANK yOUMade By Atharv Jain Class : 3E Roll No. : 12 Subject : TD

Agriculture & Agricultural Practices: Soil Preparation

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Food is a basic requirement for every living being. We depend on plant and animals for food.

Agriculture & Agricultural Practices

For successful agriculture, proper methods and practices are to be followed.

1 Following are the steps of farming

3 2. Land Preparation or Soil Tillage

5 4. Soil Preparation This is done in three steps

7 Refers to supplying of water to the dry land as substitute of rain

12 THANK yOUMade By Atharv Jain Class : 3E Roll No. : 12 Subject : TD

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