• Product Life Cycle

• CADCAM Scope & Applications

INTRODUCTIONS • Manufacturing Systems
• CIM
• Industry 4.0
1.1 PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE & CADCAM
 Product Life Cycle
End of LIfe Beginning of LIfe

Middle of LIfe
 Product Life Cycle
Three (3) stages:

Beginning of Life (BOL): includes all of the design and manufacturing, which
consists of the initial conceptualization and development, and any prototypes
built. Initial development has multiple sub-actions that identify all the
requirements, concepts, and necessary testing. Regardless of the structure of
production, the company must maintain the BOL stage. BOL is a product coming
to life, along with its specifications, production process, and supply needs.

Middle of Life (MOL): phase is post-manufacturing, when a product is distributed, used, and
serviced. At this point, a product is in the hands of the end user. Producer collect data on any
failures, maintenance rates, and user experience to get information for immediate fixes and future
development.

End of Life (EOL): phase is the retiring, recycling, or disposing of a product. At this point, the
reverse logistics happen for the company. EOL starts when users no longer have a need for the
product. At this stage, companies collect information about what parts and materials are still
valuable.
 Typical Product Life Cycle (Beginning of Life)
The Design Process
START Design Collecting
Design definitions, relevant design
needs specifications, information and
and requirements feasibility study Synthesis
Analysis (CAE) The CAD Process
Design Design
Design Design Design Design
documentation and modeling and
evaluation optimization analysis conceptualization
communication simulation

The Manufacturing Process

The CAM Process
Production
planning

Design and
procurement of
Process
new tools Quality Packaging
planning Production Shipping
control
Order
materials

NC, CNC, DNC

programming

Marketing
 Product Life Cycle
The product begins with a need which is identified based on customers' and
markets' demands.

The product goes through two main processes from the idea conceptualization to
the finished product:
• The design process.
• The manufacturing process.

The main sub-processes that constitute the design process are:

• Synthesis.
• Analysis (also sometimes known as Computer Aided Engineering (CAE))
Design-Manufacturing Process
(before computer era)

Sketch with pencils

Engineering Drawing
with pencils

Manufacturing
Sketch
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/leonardo-da-vinci-inventions.html
http://youtu.be/Rog5i2n1QVs
Eng. Drawing-Assm Before CAD - Hand drawn engineering
drawings
 Computer-Aided Design (CAD)
• Use of computer systems to assist in the creation, modification and
communication of design ideas by defining the geometry of the design (2D &
3D) – synthesis.
• CAD also includes analysis, and optimization of a design (also known as
Computer Aided Engineering – CAE)
• CAE involves simulation and analysis how the product will behave, allowing
for design optimization
• Typical CAE tools:
– Tolerance analysis
– Mass property calculations
– Finite-element modeling, analysis and visualization
– Kinematic analysis
 Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM)
• Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) is the use of computer systems to
plan, manage and control the operations of a manufacturing plant through
direct or indirect computer interface with plant’s resources.

• One of the most mature areas of CAM is numerical control, or NC. This is
the technique of using programmed instructions to control a machine tool
that grinds, cuts, mills, punches, bends, or turns raw stock into a finished
part. The computer can now generate a considerable amount of NC
instructions (G-code) based on geometric data from the CAD database plus
additional information supplied by the operator.
 CADCAM (or CAD/CAM)
• Computer Aided Design and Computer Aided Manufacturing (CADCAM)
is the technology concerned with the use of computers to perform both
design and manufacturing functions.

Design Manufacturing

CAD CAM
(Computer Aided Design) (Computer Aided Mfg)

CADCAM (CAD/CAM)
 Machining

What are the strengths & limitations of each? 3D Printing

CADCAM TECHNOLOGY IN DENTISTRY
 Typical CADCAM Systems in Industrial Environment
The Design Process
Design Collecting
Design definitions, relevant design
needs specifications, information and
and requirements feasibility study

Design Design
Design Design Design Design
documentation and modeling and
evaluation optimization analysis conceptualization
communication simulation

Typical CADCAM Systems The Manufacturing Process

Production
planning

Design and
procurement of
Process
new tools Quality Packaging
planning Production Shipping
control
Order
materials

NC, CNC, DNC

programming

Marketing
ADVANTAGE OF CADCAM SYSTEMS
• Greater flexibility. • Better product design.
• Reduced lead times. • Standardisation in designs
• Reduced inventories. • Greater manufacturing control.
• Increased Productivity. • Supported integration.
• Improved customer service. • Reduced costs.
• Improved quality. • Increased utilization.
• Improved communications • Reduction of machine tools.
with suppliers. • Less floor space.
• Reduce human resources
1.2 CADCAM SCOPE & APPLICATIONS,
MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS
SCOPE OF CADCAM SYSTEMS
• The scope of CADCAM can be defined on the basis of the product life cycle.
• CAD refers to the process of using computers for design conceptualization,
creation, modification, and analysis of components.
• Basic elements of a CAD system are:
• Graphic package for visualization
• Geometry manager for maintaining data structures containing geometric
information
• A library of numerical methods to perform various numerical operations
• An interface to connect the user and the system
• A data manager to store and maintain large amounts of CAD data
COMPUTERS FOR DESIGN AND
MANUFACTURE
CAD systems perform various design-related tasks broadly grouped
into:
Geometric modelling
Engineering analysis
Design review and evaluation
Automated drafting

Principal
activities in a
CAD process
COMPUTERS FOR DESIGN AND
MANUFACTURE
Essential modules in CAM

CAM facilitates product generation in the shortest lead times, with

minimum maintenance and improved reliability.
CAM basically uses a CAD model for the generation of the end
product.
CADCAM WORKFLOW FOR MECHANICAL
PRODUCTION
COMPUTERS FOR DESIGN AND
MANUFACTURE
CAD and CAM systems initially was being developed separately, but
since 1980’s, research into integrated CADCAM systems started.
There are three different types of integration in CADCAM systems
 Data integration
 Interface integration
 Application integration CAM System
CAD System

Database

Concept of an integrated
database for CADCAM system
 COMPUTERS FOR DESIGN AND
MANUFACTURE
Concept of data interface integration for CADCAM system
User
Database Database

User Database
Database
Data Applications
CAD CAM Interface
Exchange System
System
Interface
Data CAM
CAD
Exchange System
User User System
Interface

Concept of application integration for CADCAM system

CADCAM DISCIPLINES
✔
Geometric
Modelling

Automation Design

CADCAM

Computer
Manufacturing ✔ Covered in
✔ Graphics
this course
APPLICATIONS OF CAD/CAM
1. Industrial and architectural designs
2. Mechanical designs
3. Electrical and electronics design
4. Plant layouts
5. Civil engineering
6. Medical
7. Dental
8. Aerospace Industry
9. Automotive Industry
10.Robotics
11.Textile and Apparel Industry
12.Shipbuilding
• Your company is an OEM for the automotive industry
and is planning to purchase a CADCAM system to
support its design and manufacturing operation.
ASSIGNMENT 1 (10%)
• You are required to undertake an internet study on
three (3) CADCAM systems and prepare a summary
report on the technologies, capabilities/strengths and
limitations of the CADCAM software. Recommend the
best CADCAM system in your opinion for your company
to purchase and justify your recommendation based on
the study. The software proposed must align with your
company’s product and required manufacturing
processes
• All reports (max 8 pages) to be submitted online (VLE)
by 8 October 2021. Penalty for late submission of Hint : survey local automotive
reports. All reports must include the Assignment parts manufacturers & identify
the parts/component and
Submission Form. manufacturing process.
WHAT ARE THE CADCAM SYSTEMS
AVAILABLE IN THE MARKET?
MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS
 Manufacturing System
• A collection of integrated equipment and human resources whose function is to
perform one or more processing and/or assembly operations on a raw material, part
or set of parts, which brings them closer to the desired final product.

Equipment, Tooling, Fixtures,

Human Resources

Raw Materials Manufacturing System Product

Energy Scrap & Waste

 MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS
Continuous dedicated production of
large amount of bulk products eg.
chemicals, plastics, petroleum, and
high food industries Dedicated production of large quantities
of one product (discrete, with perhaps
Continuous- limited model variations). Examples
include automobiles, appliances and
flow engine blocks. Mass
production Mass customization
production
Production quantity

Production of medium lot sizes of

Batch the same product, produced once
or repeated periodically.
production Examples: books, clothing and
certain industrial machinery.

Job shop
Production of low quantities, often one of a kind, of
specialized products. The products are often customized
production
and technologically complex. Examples: prototypes,
low aircraft, machine tools and other equipment.

low Product variety high

MASS CUSTOMIZATION

Car Configurator
 Automation and CAD/CAM

Automation can be defined as the technology

concerned with the application of complex mechanical,
electronic, and computer-based systems in the
operation and control of manufacturing systems.
 Automation Achievements
Manufacturing System Automation achievements
Continuous-flow process •Flow process from beginning to end
•Sensors technology available to measure important
process variables
•Use of sophisticated control and optimization strategies
•Fully computer automated lines
Mass production of discrete •Automated transfer machines
products •Dial indexing machines
•Partially and fully automated assembly lines
•Industrial robots for spot welding, part handling, machine
loading, spray painting, etc.
•Automated material handling systems
•Computer production monitoring
Batch production •Numerical control (NC), direct numerical control (DNC),
computer numerical control (CNC).
•Adaptive control machining
•Robots for arc welding, parts handling, etc.
•CIM systems.

Job shop production •Numerical control, computer numerical control