Module 22 - Compound Curves

CEP333 | HIGHWAY AND RAILROAD ENGINEERING
CHAPTER 5
ROUTE SURVEYS
MODULE 22: COMPOUND CURVES
Compound curve consists of two or more consecutive simple curves having different
radius, but whose centers lie on the same side of the curve. In a compound curve, the
point of the common tangent where the two curves join is called the point of compound
curvature (PCC).
𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒:
𝑅1 = 𝑅𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒 1
𝑅2 = 𝑅𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒 2
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𝑇1 = 𝑇𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒 1
𝑇2 = 𝑇𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒 2
𝐼1 = 𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒 1
𝐼2 = 𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒 2
𝐼 = 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝐵𝑎𝑐𝑘 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑇𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝐶1 = 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑑 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒 1
𝐶2 = 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑑 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒 2
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑇𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑉1 𝑉2 = 𝑇1 + 𝑇2
Examples
1. The common curve has the following elements:
𝐼1 = 30°, 𝐼2 = 36°, 𝐷1 = 4°, 𝐷2 = 5°
If the vertex is at station 3+465.4, what is the stationing at PT?
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𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
1145.916 1145.916
𝑅1 = = = 286.479 𝑚
𝐷 4°
1145.916 1145.916
𝑅2 = = = 229.183 𝑚
𝐷 5°
𝐼1 30°
𝑇1 = 𝑅1 𝑇𝑎𝑛 ( ) = (286.48)𝑇𝑎𝑛 ( ) = 76.762 𝑚
2 2
𝐼2 36°
𝑇2 = 𝑅2 𝑇𝑎𝑛 ( ) = (229.18)𝑇𝑎𝑛 ( ) = 74.466 𝑚
2 2
𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟 ∆𝑉1 𝑉𝑉2
𝜃 = 180° − (30° + 36°) = 114°
𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑉1 𝑉2 = 𝑇1 + 𝑇2 = 76.762 + 74.466 = 151.228 𝑚
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑉1 𝑉
𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝐿𝑎𝑤
𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑉1 𝑉 151.228
=
𝑆𝑖𝑛(36°) 𝑆𝑖𝑛(114°)
𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑉1 𝑉 = 97.302 𝑚
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐿1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐿2
20(𝐼1 ) 20(30°)
𝐿1 = = = 150 𝑚
𝐷1 4°
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20(𝐼2 ) 20(36°)
𝐿2 = = = 114 𝑚
𝐷2 5°
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑇
𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑇 = 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑥 (𝑉) − 𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑉1 𝑉 − 𝑇1 + 𝐿1 + 𝐿2
𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑇 = (3 + 465.4) − 97.302 − 76.762 + 150 + 114 = 𝟑 + 𝟓𝟖𝟓. 𝟑𝟑𝟔
2. The long chord of a compound curve is 200 m and the angle it makes with the tangents
of the curves are 10° and 12°, respectively. Find the radii R1 and R2, if the common tangent
is parallel to the long chord.
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𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟 ∆𝑃𝐶 − 𝑃𝐶𝐶 − 𝑃𝑇
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶2
𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝐿𝑎𝑤
𝐶1 200
=
𝑆𝑖𝑛(6°) 𝑆𝑖𝑛(169°)
𝐶1 = 109.563 𝑚
𝐶2 200
=
𝑆𝑖𝑛(5°) 𝑆𝑖𝑛(169°)
𝐶2 = 91.354 𝑚
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑅1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅2
𝐼1
𝐶1 = 2𝑅1 𝑆𝑖𝑛 ( )
2
109.563
𝑅1 = = 𝟔𝟐𝟖. 𝟓𝟒𝟕 𝒎
10°
2𝑆𝑖𝑛 ( )
2
𝐼2
𝐶2 = 2𝑅2 𝑆𝑖𝑛 ( )
2
91.354
𝑅2 = = 𝟒𝟑𝟔. 𝟗𝟖𝟏 𝒎
12°
2𝑆𝑖𝑛 ( )
2
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3. It is desired to layout a curve at right angle. The curve must be compound with its
radius, R1 = 105 m and R2 = 320 m. If the distance from the vertex to the PC is 200 m, find
the distance from the vertex to the PT and determine the central angles and the distance
from V to PT.
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐼1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐼2
120
𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝐼2 ) =
215
𝐼2 = 𝟓𝟔°𝟒′
𝐼1 = 90° − 𝐼2 = 90° − 56°4′ = 𝟑𝟑°𝟓𝟔′
𝑥 = √2152 + 1202 = 178.396 𝑚
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑥 𝑡𝑜 𝑃𝑇 (𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑉 − 𝑃𝑇) = 105 + 178.396 = 𝟐𝟖𝟑. 𝟑𝟗𝟔 𝒎
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Module 22 - Compound Curves

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CEP333 | HIGHWAY AND RAILROAD ENGINEERING

MODULE 22: COMPOUND CURVES

𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒:

𝑇1 = 𝑇𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒 1

𝑇2 = 𝑇𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒 2

𝐼1 = 𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒 1

𝐼2 = 𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒 2

𝐼 = 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝐵𝑎𝑐𝑘 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑇𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡

𝐶1 = 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑑 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒 1

𝐶2 = 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑑 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒 2

𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑇𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑉1 𝑉2 = 𝑇1 + 𝑇2

𝐼1 = 30°, 𝐼2 = 36°, 𝐷1 = 4°, 𝐷2 = 5°

If the vertex is at station 3+465.4, what is the stationing at PT?

𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟 ∆𝑉1 𝑉𝑉2

𝜃 = 180° − (30° + 36°) = 114°

𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑉1 𝑉2 = 𝑇1 + 𝑇2 = 76.762 + 74.466 = 151.228 𝑚

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑉1 𝑉

𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝐿𝑎𝑤

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐿1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐿2

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑇

𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑇 = 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑥 (𝑉) − 𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑉1 𝑉 − 𝑇1 + 𝐿1 + 𝐿2

𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑇 = (3 + 465.4) − 97.302 − 76.762 + 150 + 114 = 𝟑 + 𝟓𝟖𝟓. 𝟑𝟑𝟔

𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟 ∆𝑃𝐶 − 𝑃𝐶𝐶 − 𝑃𝑇

𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝐿𝑎𝑤

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑅1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅2

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐼1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐼2

𝐼1 = 90° − 𝐼2 = 90° − 56°4′ = 𝟑𝟑°𝟓𝟔′

𝑥 = √2152 + 1202 = 178.396 𝑚

𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑥 𝑡𝑜 𝑃𝑇 (𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑉 − 𝑃𝑇) = 105 + 178.396 = 𝟐𝟖𝟑. 𝟑𝟗𝟔 𝒎

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