Assignment: Fakulti Teknologi Kejuruteraan Mekanikal Dan Pembuatan Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
Assignment: Fakulti Teknologi Kejuruteraan Mekanikal Dan Pembuatan Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
Assignment: Fakulti Teknologi Kejuruteraan Mekanikal Dan Pembuatan Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
ASSIGMENT
GROUP
ASSIGMENT
pg. 1
TABLE OF CONTENT
REFERENCE 10
PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
Size 16 - 22
Width 8J – 12 J
Holes 3,4,5,6
PCD ( mm ) 100 mm, 108 mm, 112 mm, 114.3 mm, 120 mm
pg. 3
The first light – alloy sheet aluminium car wheels were used in Daimler – Benz and Auto – Union
racing cars in the 1930 s. In the 1960 s, Porsche began the batch production of sheet wheels, which
consisted of a wheel rim and nave. The first high – volume production of sheet wheels in Europe
started in 1979 for Daimler – Benz cars destined for the USA. Through further development of the
production process for wheel rims and naves, the manufacturing costs were reduced markedly so that
an aluminium sheet wheel has been produced in large numbers for the BMW 5 Series since 1995.
Using aluminium wheels on passenger cars began with the upper class or flagships models in order
to give them a distinctive personal touch. Mainly cast at this time, they started in the 1970s to be
factory – fitted to mass – produced cars. Wheels are now representing about 15% of the average
aluminium content in passenger cars and light trucks, and if the main motivation has been styling
with mainly cast solution, weight reduction requirement have lead to the development of more
technical cast but also forged and fabricated solutions. However, these components have critical
safety functions and must meet high standards of design, engineering and workmanship.
pg. 4
A standard automotive aluminium wheel rim is made from aluminium bar. The aluminium bar is
bent to produce a cylindrical sleeve, and then the two free edges of the sleeve are welded together. At
least one cylindrical flow spinning operation is carried out to obtain the desired thickness profile of
the sleeve—and the desired angle of inclination relative to the axial direction in the zone for the
outer seat. The sleeve is then shaped to obtain the rims on each side with a radially inner cylindrical
wall in the zone of the outer seat and with a radially outer frustonical wall inclined at an angle
corresponding to the standard inclination of the rim seats. The rim is then calibrated. One-piece rim
and wheel assemblies (refer Figure 1 ) may be obtained by Milling and Turning process.
( Figu
re 1 )
pg. 5
Cutting Process
First Forging
Final Forging
Punching Process
MACHINING
pg. 6
Spining Process
This process stretches and compresses the
aluminum, which increases tensile strength. The
final product is lighter, stronger, has increased
elongation, and a much greater shock resistance
as well as the ability to increase load capacity
over a traditional cast wheel (of the same design)
Heat treatment
This process improve wheel rims performance,
mechanical properties, precise dimensions, and
shape.
CNC Machining
This process of machining is to give a profile to
car wheel rims by using various machining
method such as milling, turning, lathing and many
more. A complex of machining tool points are
also required to cut precision parts in the wheel
rims.
Lettering Process
After machining process doned, the wheel car
rims are transfer to lettering assembly line to add
company trademarks on the wheels.
Quality Inspection
Packaging
Rims are also known as wheels and are necessary for all automobiles, from passenger cars to
commercial vehicles. Wheels provide two uses: they reduce friction and they provide leverage.
The rim is an important part of the wheel because it rotates around rods that are called axles.
Some friction is necessary to turn the wheels, and that is provided by the tire contacting the
pavement. This helps the vehicle move along. The rim magnifies the amount of force applied,
which provides the leverage. The amount of leverage depends on how large the wheel or rim is.
This impacts performance for your vehicle.
Many people focus on rims because of their aesthetic appearance. Change out the style or size of
rims and you can create a new look. Bigger rims may make a vehicle appear more muscular or
sportier while smaller rims create a low profile look.
Rims do more than just make your vehicle look good ( refer Figure 2 ). A good set of car rims
enhance your vehicle’s performance and provide a smoother ride. Changing the size of the rims
on your vehicle impacts the alignment, handling, braking, and acceleration as well as the
calibration of the speedometer.
( Figure 2 )
pg. 9
6. REFFRENCE
BY BOOK
1) Jazar R.N. (2008) Tire and Rim Fundamentals. In: Vehicle Dynamics: Theory and Application.
Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-74244-1_1
2) Jin, J., Wang, X. & Li, L. A sheet blank rotary forging process for disk-like parts with thickened
rims. J Mech Sci Technol 30, 2723–2729 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-016-0534-6
3) Ilyukovich, B.M., Merkur'ev, S.E. Rolling of 6.OB-20B1 lightweight special profile for GAZ-53
car wheel rims. Metallurgist 9, 211–212 (1965). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00742550
4) Hutcheon K.F., Hawkyard J.B. (1984) Production of Jointless Light Alloy Cycle Wheel Rims
by Ring Rolling. In: Davies B.J. (eds) Proceedings of the Twenty-Fourth International
Machine Tool Design and Research Conference. Palgrave, London.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-81247-9_2
BY JOURNAL
1) Waschull S, Bokhorst JAC, Molleman E et al (2020) Work design in future industrial production:
transforming towards cyber-physical systems. Comput Ind Eng. 139:105679
2) H. Akbulut “On optimization of a car rim using nite element method” Finite Elements in
Analysis and Design 39 (2003) 433–443: Elsevier Ltd.
3) Sunil Kumar Nakka et al. “Structural Analysis of Car alloy wheel using Aluminum and
magnesium Alloys” International Journal for Development of Computer Science and
Technology (IJDCST) Issue- V-4, I-2, SW-09, March 2016.
4) B Raghupathi et al. “Design and analysis of car wheel rim using fem technique” International
Journal of Computer Science information and Engg Technologies (IJCSIET) Vol. 3, Series 4,
Issue. 4, Dec. 2014.
5) M.M. Topaç et al. “Fatigue life prediction of a heavy vehicle steel wheel under radial loads by
using finite element analysis” Engineering Failure Analysis 20 (2012) 67–79: Elsevier Ltd.
pg. 10
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