HISTORY LECTURE FOR MIDTERMS Place of origin: Bohol

Reason: Desire to abandon Christianity and

RISE OF FILIPINO NATIONALISM return to their old faith.
Result: Failed
NATIONALISM - It refers to a political ideology
that involves love for one’s country and Name of the Revolution: Bancao Revolt
people. Year: 1622
Place of origin: Leyte
The Trial and Execution of GOM-BUR-ZA: Reason: Religious freedom
Result: Failed
Padre Mariano Gomez,Padre Jose Burgos and
Padre Jacinto Zamora. The execution of these
Name of the Revolution: Sumuroy Revolt
priests awakened Filipino nationalism. Year: 1649-1650
Place of origin: Visayas (Northern Samar)
Revolution Reason: Refusal of Visayans workers to work in
It is a fundamental change in power or Cavite.
organizational structures that takes place in a Result: Failed
relatively short period of time. (Wikipedia)
Reasons Leading to Revolution Name of the Revolution: Dagohoy Revolt
 Desire for freedom Year: 1774-1829
Place of origin: Bohol
 Despite the 333 years of Spanish
Reason: Refusal of the Spanish friars to give
colonization and political rule, the Francisco Dagohoy’s brother a Christian burial.
Spaniards had not really conquered the Result: Failed
Filipinos. The desire for independence
led a few Filipinos to lead pocket Name of the Revolution: Silang Revolt
rebellions. Year: 1762-1763
Place of origin: Ilocos
 Objection to unfair economic practices
Reason: Imprisonment of Diego Silang despite
 The Filipinos were discontented on how
his loyalty to the Spanish authorities.
the Spaniards managed the economy, Result: Failed
which was solely based on the interest
and profit of Spain. Name of the Revolution: Hermano Pule Revolt
 Resistance against religion Year: 1840-1841
 The Spanish friars violated the rights of Place of origin: Quezon
Reason: Apolinario dela Cruz’s movement was
the Filipinos. All activities against Spain
blocked by the Spanish authorities.
were also deemed against the Church.
 Desire to be heard Result: Failed
 Some Filipinos could no longer bear the
ill-treatment they received from their Propaganda Movement
conquerors. They decided to fight back
Core Goals of the Movement
to express their discontentment against
 Assimilation of the Philippines as a
the Spaniards.
regular province of Spain.
 Development in the Philippine
EARLY REVOLTS AGAINST SPAIN
economy.
Name of the Revolution: Lakandula Revolt  Promotion of human rights especially
Year: 1574 the freedoms of speech and of the
Place of origin: Navotas, Tondo press.
Reason: Failure of Governor-General Guido de  Secularization of parishes.
Lavezaris to fulfill the promises made by Miguel  Equality between the Spaniards and the
Lopez de Legazpi to Lakandula Filipinos.
Result: Failed
 Reforms in the government and
Name of the Revolution: Tondo Revolt education system.
Year: 1587-1588  “without 1872, there would be no
Reason: The purpose was to restore the Plaridel, Jaena, or Sanciongco; nor
independence in the country. would the brave and generous Filipino
Result: Failed colonies in Europe have existed.
Without 1872, Rizal would now have
Name of the Revolution: Tamblot Revolt
been a Jesuit and instead of writing Noli
Year: 1621-1622
 Me Tangere would have written the  To help in recruiting new members.
opposite. Observing the injustices and  To keep in strictest secrecy the
cruelties fired my young imagination decisions of the movement’s
and I pledge to dedicate myself to authorities.
avenge someday those victims. With  To have a symbolic name which he
this idea, I have studied and this can be cannot change until he becomes
discerned in all my works and writings. president of his council.
God will give me the opportunity  To report to the fiscal anything that he
someday to keep my vow. may hear which affects the movement.
 To behave well as befits a good Filipino.
La Solidaridad  To help fellow members in all ways.
Objectives of La Solidaridad THE FOUNDING OF THE KATIPUNAN
 To advocate liberal ideas for the  KKK – a secret society founded on July
progress of the Philippines. 7, 1892 in Azcarraga Street Tondo,
 To discuss all problems which deal with Manila
the general interest of the nation,  Founders:
seeking solutions that are purely  Andres Bonifacio
national and democratic.  Ladislao Diwa
 To describe the true condition of the  Teodoro Plata
Filipino people under the rule of the  Deodato Arellano
Spanish government.  Valentin Diaz
 To expose the oppression of the  Jose Dizon
Spanish government officials and
clergies to the Filipino people. EVENTS THAT TRIGGERED THE
 To encourage the Filipino people to ESTABLISHMENT OF THE KATIPUNAN
unite for change.  Corruption became rampant and
LA LIGA FILIPINA Filipinos who shouted for reforms were
 Jose Rizal launched another reform arrested.
movement after his return on July 3,  The Filipino people remained poor and
1892. It was founded in Doroteo Spain did nothing to protect their
Onjunco’s house at No. 176 Ilaya St. welfare.
Tondo, Manila.  Upon Rizal’s return to the Philippines in
 Unus Instar Omnium (One Like All) – 1892, Filipino reformists became
motto of the La Liga Filipina inactive and divided.
 Filipino reformists who attended the  La Liga Filipina failed to accomplish its
meeting: mission due to low morale of its
Pedro Serrano Laktaw, Domingo Franco, Jose A. members following Jose Rizal’s
Ramos, Ambrosio Salvador, Bonifacio Arevalo, imprisonment.
Deodato Arellano, Ambrosio Flores, Agustin de OBJECTIVES OF THE KATIPUNAN
la Rosa, Moises Salvador, Luis Villareal, Faustino  Moral objective – teach the Filipinos
Villaroel, Mariano Crisostomo, Estanislao good manners, cleanliness, hygiene,
Legaspi, Teodoro Plata, Andres Bonifacio, and fine morals
Apolinario Mabini, Juan Zulueta  Civic objective – defend the oppressed
Objectives and help the members who are in need
 To unite the whole archipelago into one  Political objective – achieve
compact, vigorous, and homogenous independence from Spain through a
body. revolution
 To have a mutual protection for all in ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
every want and necessity.  The Katipunan was headed by three
 To establish defense against violence governing bodies:
and injustice.  Kataastaasang Sanggunian (Supreme
 To study and apply the needed reforms Council)
in the Philippines.  Sangguniang Bayan (Provincial Council)
Duties of the Members  Sangguniang Balangay (Barangay
 To obey the orders of the Supreme Council)
Council.
  Sangguniang Hukuman/Judicial Council Spanish sentries and reached
– tasked to resolve/judge cases of those Balintawak.
who commit offenses penalized under  August 21, 1896 – 500 Katipuneros left
the laws of the Katipunan Balintawak for Kangkong where
 Katipunan Assembly – consisted of the Apolonio Samson, a fellow member,
Supreme Council members and the provided them with food and shelter.
presidents of the Provincial and  Bonifacio ordered his men to bring out
Barangay Councils their cedulas and tear them into pieces.
 Secret Chamber – composed of  This historic event symbolized the
Bonifacio, Jacinto, and Valenzuela Filipino’s defiance against the Spanish
THE TRIANGLE METHOD oppression and marked the outbreak of
 To maintain the secrecy of the the Philippine Revolution of 1896.
organization, new members were FILIPINO-SPANISH ENCOUNTER
enlisted through the triangle method.  Despite having inferior arms like bolos,
 Each recruit had to pass the initiation bows, and arrows, the Katipuneros
rites in order to prove his sincerity to bravely fought the Spaniards in various
the organization. battles that followed.
 Three categories of membership:  Encounters between the Spanish
 Katipon/Associate – First degree soldiers and Katipuneros took place in:
members San Juan del Monte, Pandacan, Pateros,
 Kawal/Soldier – Second degree Taguig, Caloocan, Kawit, San Francisco
members de Malabon (General Trias Cavite),
 Bayani/Hero – Third degree members Noveleta, San Pedro, Makati
TEACHINGS OF THE KATIPUNAN  With the spread of revolution to the
 Love God with all your heart. provinces, the Spanish authorities took
 Always bear in mind that the love of drastic measures to stop it.
God is also the love of country, and this  Arrested members and suspects were
too, is love of one’s fellowmen. jailed, tortured, or convicted without
 Engrave in your heart that the true trial.
measure of honor and happiness is to  Other events brought about by the
die for the freedom of your country. failed Philippine Revolution of 1896:
 Guard the mandates and aims of the  September 4 – execution of four
KKK as your guard and honor. Katipuneros in Luneta
 Out of responsibility to ourselves, the  September 12 – execution of 13 men
performance of our duties will be the from Cavite
example set for our fellowmen to  December 30, 1896 – execution of Dr.
follow. Jose Rizal
 THE WOMEN OF THE KATIPUNAN  Governor-General Ramon Blanco placed
 They helped the male Katipuneros in the following provinces under martial
disseminating the ideals of the secret law:
society.  Manila
 They held parties with dancing and  Cavite
singing so that Spanish authorities  Laguna
would not detect any secret meetings.  Batangas
 During the revolution, they took care of  Bulacan
wounded Katipuneros.  Tarlac
 Nueva Ecija
THE 1896 PHILIPPINE REVOLUTION  Pampanga
THE CRY OF PUGADLAWIN THE QUESTION OF LEADERSHIP
 The news of the discovery of the KKK  Andres Bonifacio, being the Supremo,
caught Bonifacio and his men by was invited in Cavite to settle the
surprise. dispute between the Magdalo and
 August 19, 1896 – Andres Bonifacio and Magdiwang functions.
his brother Procopio along with Emilio  A convention was held in Imus, Cavite.
Jacinto, Teodoro Plata, and Aguedo del However, they were not able to resolve
Rosario managed to slip through the
 matters so they planned to set a second  Marcela Agoncillo, Lorenza Agoncillo,
convention. and Delfina Herbosa-Natividad – sewn
 March 22, 1897 – the second the Philippine flag in Hong Kong
convention took place in Tejeros, San  Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista – read the
Francisco de Malabon. Those who were Act of the Declaration of Independence
present decided to disregard the in which it was signed by 98 individuals
existing Supreme Council of the  Colonel L.M. Johnson – representative
Katipunan. of Admiral George Dewey
FROM DICTATORIAL TO REVOLUTIONARY
 Elected officers: GOVERNMENT
 Emilio Aguinaldo – President  The Revolutionary Government was
 Mariano Trias – Vice President established on June 23, 1898.
 Antonio Ricarte – Captain General  This retained Emilio Aguinaldo as the
 Emilio Riego de Dios – Director of War highest political official in which he was
 Andres Bonifacio – Director of Interior called the “President.”
 BONIFACIO’S EXECUTION  Four departments were created:
 Andres Bonifacio and his loyal followers  Department of Finance, Agriculture,
refused to recognize the new and Manufacturing Industry
revolutionary government.  Department of Foreign Affairs, Navy
 Emilio Aguinaldo ordered his men to and Commerce
arrest Andres Bonifacio since he was  Department of War and Public Works
viewed as a threat to the new  Department of Police and Internal
government. Order, Justice, Education, and Hygiene
 The Bonifacio brothers were put into
trial by the military court led by TREATY OF PARIS (1898)
Aguinaldo on April 29, 1897.  December 10, 1898 – Spain and United
 On May 6, 1897, Andres Bonifacio and States signed this treaty
his brothers were found guilty of  Provisions of the treaty:
treason and sedition.  Spain was directed to withdraw its
 They were taken to Mt. Nagpatong, colonial power and sovereignty from
Maragondon, Cavite and were executed Cuba.
on May 10, 1897.  Spain was ordered to surrender its two
colonial states (Guam and Puerto Rico)
EVENTS BEFORE AMERICAN COLONIAL RULE to the United States.
DICTATORIAL GOVERNMENT  The U.S. Congress was granted the sole
 Rounseville Wildman (American consul power to grant the political and civil
at Hong Kong) suggested to establish a rights of the people living in the
Dictatorial Government in the colonial states.
Philippines to Emilio Aguinaldo.  The United States was ordered to pay
 Aguinaldo asked Mariano Ponce to draft 20 million dollars ($20,000,000) to
a constitution that would provide a Spain for its structural and economic
legal basis for establishing a republican improvements in the Philippines.
form of government.  The colonial status of the Philippines
 Aguinaldo asked Ambrosio Rianzares continued in the hands of the
Bautista to formulate effective Americans.
machinery on how the Dictatorial BENEVOLENT ASSIMILATION PROCLAMATION
Government could address the  Proclaimed by President McKinley on
problems brought about by the conflict December 21, 1898
in military, politics, and society.  The proclamation was to announce to
DECLARATION OF PHILIPPINE INDEPENDENCE the entire international community that
 Aguinaldo declared Philippine the U.S. had direct control and
independence on June 12, 1898. sovereignty over the Philippines.
 Julian Felipe – composer of “Marcha  The proclamation also ordered the U.S.
Filipina Magdalo” military to extend its power over the
Philippines by all means.
INAUGURATION OF THE FIRST PHILIPPINE  Train the Philippines in self-government
REPUBLIC in preparation for independence.
 Members of the “Council of  Look after civil rights of the Filipinos.
Government”  Promote welfare of the Filipinos.
 Apolinario Mabini – President of the The Taft Commission
Cabinet and Secretary of Foreign Affairs • Created on March 16, 1900
 Teodoro Sandico – Secretary of Interior • Headed by William Howard Taft
 Baldomero Aguinaldo – Secretary of • Main purpose: To fulfill America’s “good
War intentions” to the Philippines
 Mariano Trias – Secretary of Finance • Taft was instructed to establish a
 Gracio Gonzaga – Secretary of Welfare, Filipino government that is patterned
Public Instruction, Public Works, after the customs and traditions of
Communications, Agriculture, Industry Filipinos.
and Commerce • Accomplishments
 Emilio Aguinaldo sworn in as the  Introduction of free primary education
President of the First Philippine in the Philippines.
Republic on January 23, 1899.  Replaced the military government to
 The Malolos Constitution was read to civilian government.
the people provision-by-provision.  Establishment of the Supreme Court of
FILIPINO-AMERICAN WAR the Philippines.
 The American authorities tried to  Organized the Philippine Constabulary
conceal the original version of in July, 1901 that served as the national
Benevolent Assimilation so as not to police.
incite anger from Filipinos. The Civilian Government
 General Antonio Luna attacked how • Challenges of Taft’s administration
United States covertly colonized the  Worsening peace and order situation in
Philippines and noted that Americans the Philippines brought by the
would only abuse the Filipino people. increasing number of guerillas.
 President Emilio Aguinaldo: “My  Food shortage and famine because
government is disposed to open agriculture was neglected during the
hostilities if the American troops Filipino-American War.
attempt to take forcible possession of  Uncontrollable spread of diseases due
the Visayan Islands.” (Agoncillo and to poor sanitation conditions of
Mangahas) “reconcentration camps” (zoning camps
AMERICAN COLONIAL POLICY that separated “thieves” and “outlaws”
Establishment of the Military Rule from the rest of the society) because of
• President William McKinley ordered overcrowding.
General Wesley Meritt to establish a  Lack of sufficient funds to reconstruct
military government in the Philippines. and rehabilitate the Philippines.
• General Wesley Meritt was succeeded • Repressive laws under the Civilian
by General Elwell Otis. On March 16, Government
1900, General Otis was succeeded by  Reconcentration Act – the government
General Arthur MacArthur. has the right to starve armed and
The Schurman Commission unarmed guerillas in order for them to
• Headed by Dr. Jacob Gould Schurman recognize American military authority in
(president of Cornell University, New the country
York).  Sedition Law – this law provided
• President McKinley instructed the penalties for those who were found
commission to ensure that the political guilty of supporting any activities that
authority and sovereignty of the U.S. sought to challenge the American
were extended in the entire Philippine colonial authority in the Philippines
islands.  Brigandage Law – this law provided
• Recommendations severe penalty for those found in the
 Implementation of U.S. sovereignty company, or were members of armed
over the entire Philippine islands. groups who were stealing carabaos
Philippine Bill of 1902
 • Known as Cooper Law or “An Act National Defense Act
Temporarily to Provide for the National Board of Education
Administration of the Affairs of Civil Introduction of Public School System
Government in the Philippine Islands, Passage of R.A. No. 74
and for other Purposes.” This law opened public schools and
• The law provided Bill of Rights for the removed compulsory teaching of religion,
Filipinos. making it an optional subject.
 Freedom of expression Commonwealth Act No. 184
 Right to live Formation of Institute of National Language
 Right to acquire property First government agency that initiated the
 Right to practice religion development of the Philippine national
 Right to be subjected to due process language.
 Right to exercise their obligations Commonwealth Act No. 570
 Right to enjoy compensations due to TAGALOG became the official language of
them the country which took effect on July 4,
Creation of the First Philippine Assembly 1946.
• It was formed after a nationwide JAPANESE OCCUPATION
election on July 30, 1907. Japanese Prime Minister Matsuoka Yosuke
• Party’s flagship goals Pushed for a self-sufficient bloc based on
 Nacionalista Party – immediate mutuality, cooperation, solidarity, co-
independence existence and co-prosperity among Asian
 Progresista Party – eventual nations.
independence Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
• Sergio Osmeña was elected as the Cultural Superiority
Speaker of the Assembly while Manuel Japan had a superior position in the Greater
L. Quezon was elected as the Majority East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, in which the
Floor Leader. subordination of other nations to Japan was
• October 16, 1907 – inauguration of the not forced by war, but part of explicit
Philippine Assembly in the old Opera policy.
House at Rizal Avenue Economic Interest
• UPPER HOUSE = Philippine Commission Japan needed to source raw materials from
(purely composed of Americans) Southeast Asia such as the oil products of
• LOWER HOUSE = Philippine Assembly Dutch East Indies and rubber of Indo-China.
(composed of Filipinos) International Political Interest
• Achievements of the Philippine Japan desired to establish itself as the
Assembly strongest and leading colonial empire in the
 Establishment of an agricultural bank world.
 Construction of new railway lines Asia for Asians
 Installation of telegraph and telephone Japan viewed that there is a need to free
lines Asia from Western colonizers.
 Construction of school houses, roads, The War in the Pacific
bridges, and irrigation canals Attack on Pearl Harbor
 Creation of Bureau of Labor for the  December 7, 1941
protection of the laboring class “Yesterday, December 7, 1941,… the United
 Establishment of the School of Fine Arts States was suddenly and deliberately
of the University of the Philippines attacked by naval and air forces of the
 Establishment of the National Library empire of Japan.” (F.D. Roosevelt)
THE COMMONWEALTH GOVERNMENT  England, which was one of the allies of
Formation of Court of Industrial Relations the U.S., also declared war against
Approved on October 29, 1936 Japan on December 8, 1941 (British
An Act to Define and Regulate Legitimate time).
Labor Organizations The Occupation of Manila
Approved on November 21, 1936  Government Reorganization
8-Hour Labor Law  Six executive departments: Interior,
Approved on June 3, 1939 Finance, Justice, Agriculture and
Commonwealth Act No. 1 Commerce, Education, Health and
 Public Welfare, and Public Works and
Communications
 Each executive department was
managed by a Japanese adviser. These
advisers served as spies of the Japanese
military in the Philippines.
The Second Philippine Republic
 The establishment of the Japanese-
sponsored government in the
Philippines was brought about by a
Commission which was tasked to draft
and approve a constitution. This was
headed by Jose P. Laurel.
 The National Assembly elected Jose P.
Laurel as the President of the Second
Philippine Republic. Written below is a
part of his speech:
“… I am sure our people will rise as one
to meet the challenge… We shall
encounter difficulties greater than we
have ever faced in our national history…
God helping us, we shall march with
steady, resolute steps forward, without
doubt, vacillation, or fear.”
 Under the Japanese occupation and
Second Philippine Republic, it was
difficult for Filipinos to eat at least three
times a day.
 Prices of commodities went up,
including rice, bread, and other
foodstuff.
 The new peso bills looked like play
money. They lacked serial numbers.
They were not backed by silver or gold
reserves. The threats convinced
Filipinos to use the money but they
haughtily called it Mickey Mouse
Money.