ROM& ISOMETRIC EXERCISES

Name: Grade:
Year and Section: Date:

PRINCIPLES OF BODY MECHANICS:

1. When an action requires physical effort, try to use larger muscles or group of muscles whenever possible. For
example, use both hands rather than one hand to pick up heavy piece of equipment.

2. Use good posture. Keep your body aligned properly. Keep your back straight. Have your knees bent. Keep your
weight evenly balanced on feet. Always face your work area.

3. Check your feet when you are doing to lift something. They should be 12 inches apart to give you broad base of
support and good balance.

4. Get close to the load that is being lifted.

5. When you must move a heavy object. It is better to push it, pull it or roll it rather than lift carry it.

6. Use your arms to support the object. The muscles of your legs do the job of lifting, not the muscles of your back.

7. When you are doing work, such as giving a back rub, making a corner on a bed, or moving the patient, work with
the direction of your efforts, not against it. Avoid twisting your body at the waist. Always turn or pivot completely
around.

8. When put lift object.

8.1 Squat close to the load.

8.2 Keep your back straight.

8.3 Grip the object firmly.

8.4 Hold the load close to your body.

8.5 Lift by pushing up with your strong leg muscles.

9. If you think you may not be able to lift the load, if it seems too large or heavy, get help.

10. Lift smoothly to avoid strain. Always count “one, two, three” with the person you are
working with. Or say “ready” and “go” so you work in unison. Do this with both the patient and with other health care
workers.

11. When you want to change the direction of movement:

11.1 Pivot (turn) with your feet.

11.2 turn with short steps.

11.3 Turn your whole body without twisting your back and neck.

GRADE
RANGE OF MOTION RATIONALE REMARKS
5 4 3 2 1

1. Check order then introduce yourself and Provide the client with an
explain procedure. explanation of why his or her
 position is being changed and how
it will be accomplished. And
establishing a rapport with the
patient will increase their likelihood
of sticking with the new job.
2. Wash hands. It protects against the spread of
germs.
3. If head of bed is raised, lower head of Moving the patient upward against
bed. the gravity requires more force and
can cause back pain.
4. Perform ROM to patient in the following
manner:
Head Grasping the head in one hand and
5. Flexion – put patient in supine or sitting each side, gives safety to the
position. Grasp head in one hand on each patient for the possible
side and without touching the ear. Move the injury/accident.
head toward the chest.
6. Extension – Move the head to the right. Developing a routine helps to
ensure that you do not forget an
exercise.
7. Rotation to the right – Move the head to Exercising corresponding joints
the right. equally ensures that both sides of
the body remain equally strong &
flexible.
8. Rotation to the left – Move to the head Exercising corresponding joints
to the left. equally ensures that both sides of
the body remain equally strong &
flexible.
9. Circumduction – Movement from side to Exercising corresponding joints
side and then in circular motion first in one equally ensures that both sides of
direction, then the other. the body remain equally strong &
flexible.
Shoulder Bring your straight arm to the side
10. Adduction – move arm toward the sides, of your body.
if supine position.
11. Abduction – move entire arm away from Move the straight arm away from
the body, without flexing the elbow. the body's side.
12. Circumduction – support the shoulder The ordered combination of
joint with one hand and grasp the patient’s shoulder movements that results in
hand with the other hand. Lift entire arm and a circle traced by the hand and a
rotate arm or move arm in a circular motion. cone traced by the arm.
13. Internal rotation – move the arm across Bend the arm at the elbow and
the chest bring it up to shoulder level. Make a
downward motion with the forearm
toward the body.
14. External rotation – from the chest, back The muscles on the rear of your
out to the side thumb touch the small finger. shoulder and upper back are
Until it is at the right angle of the body. Bend worked by external shoulder
the elbow so that the hands point upward. rotation.
Move forearm so that the hands make an
arc from the head to the hip.
Elbow Bend the arm such that the hand
15. Flexion – hold elbow joint with one touches the shoulder on the same
hand and grasp patient’s hand with the side.
other hand. Draw hand of patient towards
the arm making a 90 angle.
16. Extension – hold elbow joint of the Straighten your arm
patient with one hand and the other hand
holding patient’s hand. From a flexed
position, draw a forearm away from the arm
making a 180 angle.
Forearm Turn your hand so that the palm is
17. Pronation – turn palm downward facing down.
facing the floor.
18. Supination – turn palm upward facing
the ceiling.
Wrist Dorsiflexion of the toes tightens the
19. Dorsiflexion – hold patient’s wrist with framework and thereby restricts
one hand and hold patient’s hand with the passive movements of the skin,
other hand. Draw the patients hand upward. enabling shear forces to be
transferred to the skeleton.
20. Palmar flexion- draw patient’s hand Rotate the hand so that the palm is
downward. facing up.
Thumb Return the thumb to its original
21. Adduction – open hand then draw position adjacent to the index finger.
thumb toward the center of the palm.
22. Abduction - open hand then draw The abductor brings the thumb
thumb awayfrom the palm. away from the other four fingers.
The flexor pollicis brevis, which lies
next to the abductor, will flex the
thumb, curling it up in the palm.
23. Opposition – open hand then draw The thumb should be placed on
thumb toward the center of palm while each fingertip.
folding the small finger, let the
Fingers Improve flexibility
24. Abduction – spread fingers.
25. Adduction – draw fingers toward the Bring the index and middle fingers
midline. and thumbs together.
26. Extension – draw each finger upward. Improve blood flow to your hands,
warming the muscles and ligaments
HIP The hip abductors are important
27. Abduction – draw the leg without flexing and often forgotten muscles that
the knee to the sides or sideward. contribute to our ability to stand,
walk, and rotate our legs with ease.
28. Adduction – draw the leg without flexing To create adduction torque,
the knee beyond the central axis of the bringing the lower extremity toward
body. the midline.
29. Internal rotation – straighten leg then to improve internal rotator range of
with the toes on the floor, then heel outward. motion and help prevent lower body
injuries
30. External Rotation – straighten leg, with Exercises can help strengthen the
heel on the floor, turn toes outward. hip external rotators, improving
stability and preventing injuries in
the hips, knees, and ankles. Strong
hip external rotators can also
reduce knee pain and lower back
pain.
Knee
Place patient on supine position
31. Extension – hold the knee joint with if you don’t have full extension, you
one hand and support ankle with the other are much more likely to fall, falling
hand, straighten or draw the leg upward is one of the most dangerous things
making a 45 angle. you can do, and if your legs cannot
go completely straight then your
quadriceps muscles are always
activated and tire very quickly,
limiting what you can do.
32. Flexion – hold the knee joint with one it is the primary determinant of what
hand and support ankle with the other hand. you can do.
Draw the leg down so that sole rests on
bed.
Ankle Movement of this type allows for the
 33. Dorsiflexion – draw the foot toward the tibia (shin) to move forward relative
lower leg. to the foot. This is necessary
directly for correct body positioning
and indirectly for efficient production
and maximization of force.
34. Plantar flexion – point toes toward the
floor or baseline.
Foot They contribute to plantar flexion of
35. Eversion – with feet on the Floor, turn the foot, and they work together to
feet away from the midline of the body. provide lateral stability - keeping us
from falling over on the lateral side
of the foot and spraining the ankle.
36. Inversion – with feet on the floor, turn In general, both foot inversion and
feet toward the midline of the body. eversion increase the risk of injury
during intensive, repetitive physical
activity. Another significant impact
is performance; correct foot posture
is vital to getting the most out of
your legs and reaching new levels
of athletic achievement.
Toes
37. Extension – while ankle is dorsiflexed, Big toe extension allows for your
point toes toward the anterior portion of the foot to supinate (heel turning in –
lower leg. opposite to pronation), this allowing
your knee to externally rotate and
so achieve full extension, creating
power in your stride and lowering
stress through the knee joint.
38. Flexion – while ankle is dorsiflexed, Point toes toward the sole of the
point toes toward the sole of the foot foot when ankle is dorsiflexed.
39. Abduction – spread toes. Toes should be spread apart.
40. Adduction – draw toes together toward Toes should be drawn together
the midline. toward the midline.
Isometric Exercises
41. Have the patient contract the
abdominals, gluteals, quadriceps, and upper
arms, hold for 2 or 3seconds, them relax the
muscles, rest, and repeat.
42. Ability to answer questions

Scoring 1X =

2X =

3X =

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5X =

Total divided by no. of items. =

Comments:
Student’s Signature over Clinical’s Instructor’s Signature
Printed name Date over Printed name