ROSEMERY CUTIVATION

Dr. A.K.S Rawat

9/30/2021
Introduction of Rosemary Cultivation:-
Rosemary is a perennial evergreen shrub essential oil crop that may reach a height up to 3
meters. Rosemary belongs to the family of “Labiatae” and its scientific name is “Rosmarinus
officinalis”. Rosemary can be grown all over the world. However, cool regions are best for its
cultivation in India. Rosemary plant has woody trunk and linear leaves with highly aromatic.
Rosemary is native to Mediterranean region. Rosemary has excellent medicinal properties and its
oils are very popular. Oil glands are found in ventral side of the plant leaves. Rosemary even
used in ayurvedic medicines. As herbal use is growing day by day, its cultivation has an
excellent commercial value. Rosemary can be grown in pots, greenhouses, nursery beds and even
in back yards. One can get decent profits with proper crop management practices and marketing
strategies. Cultivars (varieties) for superior oil quality are the best choice for a commercial
cultivation of rosemary. Stems, leaves and flowers are main parts used in rosemary plant for oil
extraction. The oil of rosemary, distilled from the flowering tops, nearly all the commercial oil is
distilled from the stem and leaves of the plant before it is in flower. There is a good international
market for the rosemary oil.

Health Benefits of Rosemary:-

The following are some of the health benefits of Rosemary.

 Rosemary is a memory booster Rosemary

 helps relieving stress and improves mood.
 Rosemary helps boosting immune strength
 Rosemary helps in soothing stomach
 Rosemary used as breath freshener
 Rosemary helps in stimulating blood flow.
 Rosemary helps in relieving pain.
 Rosemary has anti-ageing properties;
 hence it is good for skin. Rosemary helps in flushing out body toxins.
 Rosemary has anti-inflammatory properties.
Local Names of Rosemary in India:-
गुलमें हदी (Hindi), Marikkolundu (Tamil), Poovaamkurunthal (Malayalam), એક બા રમા સી
સુગંધી ઝા ડવું (Gujarati), Shatavari (Marathi). The other common names for the rosemary herb
are Polar Plant, Compass-weed, Compass Plant, Rosmarinus coronarium and Dew of the Sea.

Rosemary Commercial Varieties:-

There are many cultivars available across the globe. Contact your local horticulture department
for suitable type tour area. Some of the international commercial varieties are; Benenden Blue,
Flora Rosa, Tuscan Blue, Majorca Pink, Arp, Albiflorus, Huntington Carpet, McConnell’s Blue,
Irene, Holly Hyde and Hill Hardy

Economic part- Leaves and flowering tops

Major constituents- 1, 8-cineole(20-50%), borneol (20 %)
Uses- Cosmetics, perfumery, culinary purposes
Variety- Ooty-1

Rosemary-OOTY (RM)-1

Ooty (R, M) Rosemary's Special Features :

 Ooty (R, M) 1 rosemary variety of horticultural research station maintained utakai was
selected from five kinds of rosemary seedlings.

 The rapid growth of the plants of this variety (an average of 62 cm height) was not
reached.
  The length of the leaves of this variety, roller, will be matankiyat inward.

 It gives the green leaf yield of 13 tons per year of this variety. The potential yield of 46
per cent is higher than the local irakattaik.

 The leaves are dark green, thick and is willing to skin. The green and dry leaves is ideal
for cooking with good flavor.

 Harvested 215 days after planting seedlings in the first. The year can be harvested three
times at intervals of 3 to 4 months.

 The variety of the leaf blight disease, the white fly and aphid resistant.
 This leaves a large number of content (0.9 per cent) higher levels of lactose content in the
leaves (60.66 mg-kg) and protein (24.90 mikiki) found.
 In the mountainous areas of J% - J% Lie and September - October months of the rainfed
crop can be planted.
 In mountainous areas (up to 900 m above sea level) to the optimal crop.
 The variety of the climate, such as drought and frost tolerant and grows.
 Fed on organic farming (RM) 1 rosemary cultivation tips

Climate Required for Rosemary Cultivation:-

Rosemary plant is a hardy and temperate that can tolerate frost very well. It thrives well at day
temperatures of 20°C to 26°C. The rosemary plant is very adaptable and can be grown in almost
all areas. Basically, rosemary can be grown under dry-land conditions. However, if it is
cultivated under irrigated conditions, make sure the plants are not over irrigated. During initial
planting stage, this crop requires irrigation and subsequent light irrigations should be given until
the crop is well-established. After establishment with strong root system, this can yield very well
if the annual rainfall is above 550 mm.

Soil and climate

PH 5.5 to 7 laterite soil with good drainage facilities suitable for rosemary. Soil pH of 2.5 tons
per hectare when there is less than be planted in the soil. Frost-free tropical and subtropical
summer monsoon (temperature less than 30 degrees), the temperature is optimal. At an altitude
of 2500 meters above sea level, 900 of the first well in the areas.
plants thrive best in well-drained sandy loam soils. However, it can also be grown in clay loam
soil which has less than 25 % of clay. The required soil pH for best yield is 5.5 to 8.9. It can’t
tolerate the soils having heavy clay percentage (not more than 25%)

Season

Rosemary J.% of root seedlings - J% Lie and September - the months of October, suitable for
rainfed crop planting.

Age

Perennial crop. Can be grown commercially until twelve years.

Land preparation

plowed land twice. 50 tons per hectare during the last plowing well-composted manure, neem
cake a ton, 5-ton natural life force of compost manure is mixed with soil lead. 30 cm in height,
1.5 meters wide plots. seedlings per acre and 5 kg 5 kg PSB supplying bio-fertilizers applied to
the soil mix.

Land/Soil Preparation in Rosemary Cultivation:-

If you are planning for commercial large scale cultivation, it is recommended to go for soil test
from which soil health can be found. Full fill all the required nutrients according to the soil test
results. Adding well-decomposed organic matter will result in good yield. Avoid waterlogged
and heavy clay soils as these plants cannot tolerate. Prepare the land by giving 3 to 4 deep
ploughings to get the soil to fine tilth stage. Remove any weeds from previous crops. Based on
the type of cultivation, fertilizers should be planned. For organic crop growing, natural remedies

should be adopted where as in-organic cultivation, appropriate chemical fertilizers should be

applied in the soil.
Propagation in Rosemary Cultivation:-
Rosemary crop is propagated through seeds, cuttings and layering of roots.

Seed propagation:

This type of propagation is not recommended due to slow germination of rosemary seeds and
growing true-to-type plants from seed is not a good practice as there is always a problem of cross
pollination.

Cutting Propagation:

The best and efficient way to propagate rosemary plant is cuttings from growing stem tips. 12 to
15 cm length of cuttings should be collected and bottom 2/3 should be stripped from leaves then
these cuttings ( 1/2 to 2/3 of length) should be inserted in a growing medium. Roots start farming
after 3 to 4 weeks. For better root formation, a mist bed with a heated floor should be used.

Layer Propagation:

This type of propagation can be achieved in summer season by pegging of some of the lower
branches under a sandy soil. The plants can be served from the parent plant once roots have been
formed.

Seedlings from the breeding method

Before leaving for flowering plants to choose from 10 to 15 cm long pieces of cut. Leaves,
leaving only the tip of the stem sticks to the bottom of the planting should be used to remove the
remaining leaves. Before planting to enhance rooting of stem sticks herbal natural life force,
fertilizer, bio-fertilizer solution containing 10 percent of the 20 minute walk back to thinking.
Polythene bags filled with soil mix after the planting of the stem pieces and pour water twice
daily to keep in shady areas. Sixty days, the rooted seedlings are ready for planting.

With the exception of the poly budded seedling production

Planting

45 cm row to row and plant root plants should be transplanted in 45 cm intervals. And 6 months
after planting, the plant should be cut. By doing so, the plant grows well in the lateral branches .

Plantation in Rosemary Cultivation:-

Rosemary plants require full sun light so it is advised to have rows in east-west direction. When
it comes to field spacing, beds of 1 to 2 meter and row space of 40 cm to 50 cm is more effective
for machine cutting. Plants should be established at 25 cm to 50 cm within the rows so that the
soil is covered quickly. When it comes to plant density, a total of 50,000 to 60,000 plants/ha is
required. The rosemary cuttings can be prepared in the greenhouse or nursery and be
transplanted to the main field in spring to midsummer.

Irrigation in Rosemary Cultivation:-

Usually, rosemary is grown in dry-lands. However, it requires irrigation until the roots are wee-
established in the soil. Don’t allow the plants to dry out and at the same times they should not be
over irrigated. If the annual rainfall is more than 450 mm. it does not require any irrigation. In
rainy season, make sure the water will not stagnate in the field and should be drained out as
early as possible.
Manures and Fertilizers in Rosemary Cultivation:-

Manures and fertilizers should be applied according to result of soil test .

Practices

Basal FYM 50 t / ha, neem cake @ 1 t / ha, the natural life force Compost 5 t / ha and vermin-
compost compost 5 t / ha can be applied as a seedling natumpolutu. Phosphobacterium bio-
fertilizers, bio-fertilizers and inoculant and 5 kg per ha as basal dose required.

Application of bio-fertilizers

supplying fertilizers, such as from the second year after planting survival rate of 5 kg to 30 kg
per hectare should be applied with FYM. The solution of 3 per cent per year, 5 times more the
leaves will increase the quality and yield.

Post Treatment

A month later weeding nut boiling mud. 4 or 5 times per year need deadheading. The solution of
3 percent to 5 times a year Panchagavya foliar spray to spray at 10 days interval. 3 percent
solution is to spray 3 times per year. Vermi compost 10 percent distilled water solution 3 times
per year with a foliar spray to spray on a monthly interval.

Weed Control in Rosemary Cultivation:-

Weed control is very important in rosemary cultivation as it affects the quality and yield of
essential oil. Hand weeding and hoeing should be carried out during the weed growth. Usually 3
to 4 weedings should be required during the year. Use hand hoe for inter-row cultivation. Care
must be taken not to damage the root system . Effective rosemary plant density & canopy will
check the weeds growth.
Pests and Diseases in Rosemary Cultivation:-
The following are the pests and diseases found in Rosemary cultivation. Pests found in
Rosemary Cultivation: This crop is vulnerable to spider mites, mealy bugs, whiteflies and thrips.
Control Measures: Careful and thorough monitoring, crop rotation as well as applying
insecticidal soap with lightweight horticultural oil will help to control these pests.

Diseases Found in Rosemary Cultivation :

Fungal problems, Powdery mildew and root rot are the common diseases found. Control
Measures: Early detection and management of disease can prevent major problems in rosemary
cultivation. Contact your local horticulture department for diseases identification and control
measures.

Harvest in Rosemary Cultivation:-

Rosemary crop can be harvested once or twice a year depending on whether it is cultivated for
plant material or essential oil. Mechanical harvesting is preferred and a fist cutting can be done
in the seeding year. However it should be delayed until 18 months after seeding. The yield would
be more from re-growth of the crop. If the purpose of the crop is for essential oil, the highest
quality, plants should be in bloom and only the flowering tops should be harvested for distillation
purpose. For the fresh market, the rosemary herb should be harvested frequently at a young
stage as young, fresh shoots are used in culinary preparations. Note that woody stems will lower
the price. Fresh rosemary should be harvested early in the morning and kept cooled at 6°C before
packaging for the market.

Processing leaves

The leaves are harvested in the soil and removing the dust should wash three times. Then dried in
the shade. Nilgiris dried up in the 10 to 15 days. Exactly equal to the plain areas, such as dried
leaves, leaves scene to take concrete floor ventilation caused by the electric fan to keep dry. In
the three days, with 10 percent moisture can get good quality leaves. Then the quality of the food
to be stored in a Polyethylene bags.

Yield
2.5 tonnes per ha per year of dried leaves
Rosemary oil filtration

After harvesting the stem and leaves of rosemary oil obtained by steam distillation. Number of
leaves can be dried in the shade of the same size. Subjecting to 120 minutes of continuous steam
distillation and the number of doses can be high.

Oil yield

80 to 100 kg per ha
Cost: Rs 65,000 / -
Income per acre Rs 1,25,000 / - lakh

Rosemary herb's medicinal benefits:

1. helps prevent cancer disease

2 ittavarat aromatic oil extracted from the high-profile, perfumes, facial and bath soaps can be
used as decorative items.
For various health problems, including indigestion, stomachache 3 ittavarat the leaf medicine and
aromatic herb used in obstetrics.
4 rosemary oil to calm the mind, used to reduce blood pressure.
5. tea made with the leaves of rosemary improves resistance to infection following ingestion.
6 headache, common cold is making the best remedy.

Post-Harvest in Rosemary Cultivation:– Rosemary should be dried at temperatures lower than

39°C to reduce loss of flavour of essential oil and to maintain a good green colour. After drying,
the leaves should be separated from the stems and graded.
Yield in Rosemary Cultivation:- Yield depends on many factors like soil, cultivar (variety)
climate and cultivation practices. On an average the yield of 30 to 80 kg of essential oil can be
obtained. Dried leaves of 2000 to 2200 kg/ha can be expected.

Marketing in Rosemary Cultivation:- The market for essential oils in India is divided into
local buyers and international (export) buyers. Usually the local buyers include marketing agents
and chemical and pharmaceutical companies, as well as food and flavouring industries.