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    SQI Ericsson

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    kolsi
    The document discusses measuring speech quality in cellular networks. It explains that traditionally, speech quality was measured by RxQual, but RxQual has limitations because it only measures average bit error rate and does not account for other factors that impact perceived quality like bit error distributions, frame erasures, handovers, and speech codecs used. The document introduces SQI (Speech Quality Index) which was designed by Ericsson to address the limitations of RxQual by taking into account additional relevant factors. It provides details on how SQI is calculated and how it relates to, but is different from RxQual as a measure of predicted speech quality.

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    SQI Ericsson

    Uploaded by

    kolsi
    492 views5 pages
    The document discusses measuring speech quality in cellular networks. It explains that traditionally, speech quality was measured by RxQual, but RxQual has limitations because it only measures average bit error rate and does not account for other factors that impact perceived quality like bit error distributions, frame erasures, handovers, and speech codecs used. The document introduces SQI (Speech Quality Index) which was designed by Ericsson to address the limitations of RxQual by taking into account additional relevant factors. It provides details on how SQI is calculated and how it relates to, but is different from RxQual as a measure of predicted speech quality.

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    The document discusses measuring speech quality in cellular networks. It explains that traditionally, speech quality was measured by RxQual, but RxQual has limitations because it only measures average bit error rate and does not account for other factors that impact perceived quality like bit error distributions, frame erasures, handovers, and speech codecs used. The document introduces SQI (Speech Quality Index) which was designed by Ericsson to address the limitations of RxQual by taking into account additional relevant factors. It provides details on how SQI is calculated and how it relates to, but is different from RxQual as a measure of predicted speech quality.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    492 views5 pages

    SQI Ericsson

    Uploaded by

    kolsi
    The document discusses measuring speech quality in cellular networks. It explains that traditionally, speech quality was measured by RxQual, but RxQual has limitations because it only measures average bit error rate and does not account for other factors that impact perceived quality like bit error distributions, frame erasures, handovers, and speech codecs used. The document introduces SQI (Speech Quality Index) which was designed by Ericsson to address the limitations of RxQual by taking into account additional relevant factors. It provides details on how SQI is calculated and how it relates to, but is different from RxQual as a measure of predicted speech quality.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 5
    At a glance
    Powered by AI
    The key takeaways are that SQI is a better measure than RxQual for optimizing speech quality in a cellular network as it takes into account factors like bit error distribution over time, frame erasures during handovers, and characteristics of different speech codecs that affect perceived quality.

    Some limitations of using RxQual to measure speech quality are that it only measures average bit error rate over time and does not account for factors like bit error distribution fluctuations, frame losses during handovers, and differences between speech codecs.

    SQI takes into account factors like the distribution of bit errors over time, frame erasure rate, handover events, and statistics on these parameters. It also has separate algorithms tuned to the characteristics of different speech codecs.

    22.

    Measuring Speech Quality: SQI


    22.1. Why SQI?
    22.2. RxQual and Its Limitations
    22.3. Design of SQI
    The information element SQI (Speech Quality Index), obtained from Sony Ericsson phones,
    estimates the speech
    quality in the cellular network as perceived by a human listener. This chapter explains how
    Ericsson's SQI algorithm
    works for GSM. The algorithm for WCDMA SQI is designed in the same spirit, and its
    implementation is similar
    though necessarily not identical.
    www.ericsson.com/tems
    tems@ericsson.com

    Traditionally, speech quality in GSM networks is measured by means of the RxQual parameter
    (which is also available
    in TEMS Investigation). RxQual, however, suffers from a number of drawbacks which make it an
    unreliable indicator
    of speech quality. SQI is a more sophisticated measure which is dedicated to reflecting the quality
    of thespeech (as
    opposed to radio environment conditions). This means that when optimizing the speech quality in
    your network, SQI is
    a better criterion to use.
    The rest of this chapter discusses SQI and speech quality issues in some more detail.
    Specifically, it deals with
    RxQual and its deficiencies (section22.2)
    the design of SQI (section22.3)
    the relationship between SQI and RxQual (section22.4).
    www.ericsson.com/tems
    tems@ericsson.com

    RxQual is obtained by transforming the bit error rate (BER) into a scale from 0 to 7 (see 3GPP TS
    05.08). In other
    words, RxQual is a very basic measure: it simply reflects the average BER over a certain period
    of time (0.5 s). By
    contrast, a listener's assessment of speech quality is a complex process which is influenced by
    many factors. Some of
    these, all of which RxQual fails to take into account, are the following:
    The distribution of bit errors over time. For a given BER, if the BER fluctuates very
    much, the perceived quality is
    lower than if the BER remains rather constant most of the time. Different channel conditions give
    rise to radically different BER distributions. However, since RxQual just measures the average
    BER, it cannot capture this. (In fact, the logarithmic scale of RxQual gives rise to the opposite
    effect: a high BER variance gives a better RxQual than a low variance does. This is completely
    misleading from a speech quality point of view.)
    Frame erasures. When entire speech frames are lost, this affects the perceived
    quality in a very negative way.
    Handovers. Handovers always cause some frames to be lost, which generally gives
    rise to audible disturbances. This
    does not show at all in RxQual, however, since during handovers BER measurements
    are suppressed.
    The choice of speech codec. The general quality level and the highest attainable
    quality vary widely between speech
    codecs. Moreover, each codec has its own strengths and weaknesses as regards
    types of input and channel
    conditions.
    In short, RxQual fails to capture many phenomena that have a decisive influence on a listener's
    judgment of speech
    quality. Using RxQual for optimization of speech quality in the network thus leads to suboptimal
    results.
    www.ericsson.com/tems
    tems@ericsson.com

    SQI has been designed to take into consideration all the phenomena discussed in the preceding
    section. This ensures that
    it will produce an unbiased prediction of the speech quality, independently of channel conditions
    and other
    circumstances. Somewhat roughly, the computation of SQI involves
    the bit error rate (BER)
    22.4. Relation between SQI and RxQual
    the frame erasure rate (FER)
    data on handover events
    statistics on the distributions of each of these parameters.
    Furthermore, for each speech codec, SQI is computed by a separate algorithm which is tuned to
    the characteristics of
    that codec.
    Like RxQual, SQI is updated at 0.5 s intervals.
    www.ericsson.com/tems
    tems@ericsson.com

    How does SQI relate to RxQual? As is clear from section22.2, this question cannot be answered
    once and for all, since
    it is not possible to state a relation between the parameters that is universally valid. For a given
    RxQual, the actual
    quality indicated by SQI will vary depending on the channel conditions and the speech codec
    used. Conversely, for a
    given actual quality level, a wide range of RxQual values are possible.
    Still, to give some examples of what the relation may look like, the graph below is included. It
    shows SQI as a function
    of RxQual for the EFR codec and a number of channel conditions. (It must be kept in mind that
    the curves represent
    time-averaged RxQual-to-SQI relations; individual segments of speech may of course
    deviate from these.)
    Note the considerable differences between the various channel conditions.
    Explanation of channel type designations (all channels are 900 MHz channels):
    Channel
    Description
    tu0ifh
    typical urban, 0 km/h, ideal frequency hopping
    tu30mphnfh
    typical urban, 30 mph = 48 km/h, no frequency hopping
    ff12nfh
    flat fading, 12 km/h, no frequency hopping
    tu3nfh
    typical urban, 3 km/h, no frequency hopping
    www.ericsson.com/tems
    tems@ericsson.com

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