Solid Waste Management
Solid Waste Management
Solid Waste Management
Technology
Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering
BSEE 2 - STEM
ANDRIAN C. DONADO
JOSE JESSIE PAHILA MR. ALBERTO PAULO L. CERCADO
EZEKIEL JOHN BULANA Professor
Group 04
SOLID WASTES mean any garbage, refuse, sludge from a wastewater treatment plant,
water supply treatment plant, or air pollution control facility and other discarded materials
including solid, liquid, semi-solid, or contained gaseous material, resulting from industrial,
commercial, mining and agricultural operations, and from community activities.
As nations and cities urbanize, develop economically, and grow in terms of population,
the World Bank estimates that waste generation will increase from 2.01 billion tonnes in 2016 to
3.40 billion tonnes in 2050. At least 33% of this waste is mismanaged globally today through
open dumping or burning.
RESIDENTIAL
Residences and homes where people live are some of the major sources of solid waste.
Includes: food wastes, plastics, paper, glass, leather, cardboard, metals, yard wastes,
ashes and special wastes like bulky household items such as electronics, tires, batteries,
old mattresses and used oil.
INDUSTRIAL
Industries are known to be one of the biggest contributors to solid waste.
Include: light and heavy manufacturing industries, construction sites, fabrication plants,
canning plants, power and chemical plants.
COMMERCIAL
Commercial facilities and buildings are yet another source of solid waste today.
Commercial buildings and facilities, refer to hotels, markets, restaurants,
INSTITUTIONAL
The institutional centers like schools, colleges, prisons, military barracks and other
government centers also produce solid waste.
Include: glass, rubber waste, plastics, food wastes, metals, electronics as well as
hazardous wastes.
Construction sites include new construction sites for buildings and roads, road repair
sites, building renovation sites and building demolition sites.
Include: steel materials, concrete, wood, plastics, rubber, copper wires, dirt and glass.
MUNICIPAL SERVICES
The urban centers also contribute immensely to the solid waste crisis in most countries
today.
Include: street cleaning, wastes from parks and beaches, wastewater treatment plants,
etc.
Heavy and light manufacturing plants also produce solid waste. They include refineries,
power plants, processing plants, mineral extraction plants and chemical plants.
AGRICULTURE
Crop farms, orchards, dairies, vineyards and feedlots are also sources of solid wastes.
Include: spoiled food, pesticide containers and other hazardous materials
BIOMEDICAL
This refers to hospitals and biomedical equipment and chemical manufacturing firms.
Include: syringes, bandages, used gloves, drugs, paper, plastics, food wastes and
chemicals.
HEALTH HAZARD
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Toxic materials and chemicals may seep into the soil and pollute the groundwater. During
the process of collecting solid waste, hazardous wastes usually mix with ordinary garbage
and other flammable wastes making the disposal process even harder and risky.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Carelessness with waste and garbage also affects animals, and they suffer the effects of
pollution caused by improperly disposed of wastes and rubbish.
Animals are at risk of poisoning while consuming grasses near contaminated areas or
landfills as the toxins seep into the soil.
When hazardous wastes like pesticides, batteries containing lead, mercury or zinc,
cleaning solvents, radioactive materials, e-waste and plastics mixed up with paper and
other non-toxic scraps are burned they produce dioxins, furans, polychlorinated
biphenyls, and other gases. These toxic gases have the potential of causing various
diseases, including cancer.
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
The primary goal of solid waste management is reducing and eliminating adverse
impacts of waste materials on human health and the environment to support economic
development and superior quality of life. This is to be done in the most efficient manner possible,
to keep costs low and prevent waste buildup.
REDUCE – lessen the use of unrecyclable and hazardous materials, especially the
REUSE – practice reutilizing usable things to avoid buying new ones which could pile
up unmanageable wastes later on.
RECYCLE – be resourceful by recreating trashes into something usable. This could help
prevent and lessen the solid waste being dumped in the environment.
Due to the rapid increase in yearly produced solid wastes, several techniques on
management had been developed, one of these is the ISWM.
ISWM (Integrated Solid Waste Management) refers to the selection and use of
appropriate management programs, technologies, and techniques to achieve particular waste
management goals and objectives.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) states that ISWM is composed of waste
source reduction, recycling, waste combustion, and landfills.
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