Aspirating Smoke Detection

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VESDA - Aspirating Smoke Detection Solutions by…

Introduction to VESDA Aspirating Smoke Detection


& it’s Value in modern Data Center environments…
What is VESDA?

UL-268 / UL-268A Listed Smoke (& In-Duct Smoke) Detector (Initiating Device)
FM Approved
Approved for Open Area Primary Detection
and Class 1 Div. 2 Group A, B, C, D Hazardous Locations

ASD
ASSD
HSSD
USSD

SFD
EWFD
VEWFD
“Spot Type” Smoke Detector Equivalency

NFPA 72
Sampling points of an Air Sampling type detection system are
placed where conventional spot detection would be placed*
Advantages of VESDA

•Early Warning
•Ensuring business continuity
•Allowing controlled response to fire
•Reduced False Alarms / Troubles
•Mass Detection Technology reduces response to large particles (dust,
fog, etc…)
•Wide sensitivity range overlaps traditional photo-electric and ionization
spot detectors
•Active Detection provides reliable detection in atria with no effect from
building shift, line-of-sight obstruction.
•Ease of Maintenance
•Tested & Proven in Harsh Environments
•High Airflow
•High & Low Temp
•High Humidity
•Dirty
•EMI / Radiation
•Physically Unobtrusive
How does VESDA work?
Detection Chamber

Absolute Smoke Measurement Device


 High stability fixed calibration
 Wide detection range 0.00015 to 10%obsc/ft
 Alarm thresholds between 0.0015 and 6% obsc/ft
 Optical light-scattering detection principle
 Solid state laser light source
Filter Technology

High Dust
efficiency Filter
filter
(0.3
microns)

Air inlet
To clean Sample to
air manifold detector
Other ASD technologies available in the US

• United Technologies
– AnaLaserII / CLASS
/ Orion
Laser-based particle counting

• Protec – CirrusPro
Wilson Cloud-Chamber CCD

• Airsense – Stratos 2
Laser-based light scattering
Detection Challenges

Unsupervised Chamber/Screen
 If you were to place a bucket over a spot-type detector, will it detect smoke outside of the
bucket or report there is a problem? Not likely…
 As contaminant builds up on the detector chamber screen, smoke laden air, which already is
highly diluted, becomes further filtered or perhaps rejected from entering the detection
chamber labyrinth with no supervision that a problem exists.
Available Technologies…

• Wilson Cloud Chamber


– Utilizes Adiabatic Expansion to physically
enlarge particles (with water) so they will
obscure light from an LED before it reaches a
photo-cell
• Laser Light Scattering
– Passes an air sample through a short
wavelength laser beam and measures the
amount of light scattered, reflected, and
refracted by particles
• Laser Particle Counting
– Counts the number of “flashes” caused by
particles that are passed through a laser
beam
• Laser Mass Detection (Particle Counting & Light
Scattering)
– Combines both light scattering and particle
counting technologies to compare both
outputs to estimate the size of the particles
passed through the laser beam. Only certain
particle sizes count toward the alarm output.
Which technology should you specify?

• “Laser-based” technology is used in 6


different air-sampling and 1 point-type
smoke detection systems.
• CCD/Wilson Cloud Chamber and point-
in-a-box systems are not recognized for
providing a performance advantage, and
have been proven more difficult to
maintain.
– Fike and Chemetron discontinued
manufacturing their own Cloud
Chamber-based detectors in favor of
laser-based systems.
Considerations for ASD Vendor / Equals

• Does the manufacturer have on


office/warehouse in the US?
– Some ASD systems available are imported
by “master distributors”
• Are multiple channel partners available?
– VESDA is available from Vision Systems
direct partners as well as SimplexGrinnell,
Siemens (factory & independent offices),
Fike, and Ansul. AnaLaser is available
through Fenwal, Kidde (Orion), & Chemetron
(CLASS).
• Are technical support & spare parts available in
the US?
• Has the product been proven?
• Will the manufacturer / product survive to
support the end-user?
What are the unique advantages of VESDA

• “Mass Detection” technology that incorporates


both light scattering and particle counting
technology
• Clean-air optics wash
• Taking a sample of the sample
• Wide sensitivity range.
• Advanced air-flow monitoring
• Intelligent interface into building FACP’s and
releasing panels.
• Advanced filter supervision
• Absolute vs. Relative (floating-adaptive)
Sensitivity
• Active detection vs. View/Pinnacle
Active Detection vs. Passive Detection

• Is less reliant on
thermal column lift
• Is less affected by
stratification
• Is less affected by
high air-flow or air-
currents
• Spacing does not
need to be de-rated
(per code)
• Earlier more Reliable
detection of a fire
Performance Comparison

• Spot Ionization 1.0 - 1.5 % per foot (Not suggested above 300 fpm per NFPA 72)
• Spot Photo-electric 2.5 - 3.5 % per foot (300 – 2000 fpm - UL)
• Spot Laser 0.03 – 1.0 % per foot (300 fpm max - UL)
• VESDA Laser-Based Detection – 0.0015 – 6.25 % per foot (4000 fpm – UL!!!)
– Widest Range of any UL or FM approved smoke detector!
• One detector fits most Applications
– field adjustable sensitivity
– 4 programmable levels of alarm
– Staged outputs
– Suppression / Pre-action Interface Friendly
Total control provided by ASD….

VESDA has a pedigree of providing the earliest warning,


but it can also be applied in lieu of traditional smoke
detectors with reduced threat of false alarm…
ASAT Calculator
Traditional
• Standard Suppression Activation
spot detectors Methodin double knock mode
operating
• FAQ: what is the equivalent VESDA Fire2 alarm threshold???

Suppression activation when 2


or more spots detect smoke

Return
Air Grille

Floor

Floor Void
ASAT Validation Testing

• ASAT Calculation is based


on FDS modeling
• Full scale 3rd party testing
have been completed to
validate & develop the
ASAT tool
• FM testing/validation for
Approval is underway

Full scale datacenter testing


Data Center Cooling / effects on smoke detection…
Data Center Cooling / Evolution
Data Center Cooling / Evolution
NC Data Center

Return Air to Fan Gallery

46,625 CFM Vertical Fan x 10


5’ Wire Burn Results (above floor)
Where is ASD be applied?

• Areas currently specified w/ ASD


– CRAC / AHU Returns
VLP, VLC, or VLF with one pipe per CRAC
– Ceiling / In-Room
VLS
– Under-Floor
VLS
• Areas to consider ASD
– Under-Floor
– Beam Pockets
– Main AHU Supply Ducts
– In-Cabinet
Typical Design – Data Center

Sampling
Hole Spacing
~200 sq.ft.

Transport
Time Shall
NOT Exceed
120 Seconds
How does VEWFD & EWFD differ from SFD?

• Per NFPA 76 …
– 200 sq.ft. required spacing in room and sub-floor (VEWFD)
400 sq.ft. (EWFD)
– 4 sq.ft. spacing at return air registers
– 0.2% (Alert) & 1.0% (Alarm) Minimum Sensitivity (VEWFD)
1.5% (Alarm) Minimum Sensitivity (EWFD)
– 60 second maximum transport times (VEWFD)
90 second (EWFD) / 120 second (SFD)
– Normal NFPA 72 requirements for Standard Fire Detection
(SFD)
“Standard Fire Detection” spacing
“Early Warning Fire Detection” spacing
“Very Early Warning Fire Detection” spacing
All spacings overlay
Product Details…

VESDA LaserPLUS (VLP)


• 20,000 sq.ft. per detector
• 4 pipe inlets = 1 zone
• 25 Holes per Pipe = 100 Holes Total
• > 650’ Piping
• 0.0015 – 6.25 % Obscuration per Foot
• Four Levels of Alarm (Alert / Action / Fire1 / Fire 2)
• VESDAnet ready
• Modular Design

• 20,000 sq.ft. per detector


VESDA LaserSCANNER (VLS)
• 4 pipe inlets = 4 sectors (Pipe Addressability)
• 25 Holes per Pipe = 100 Holes Total
• > 650’ Piping
• 0.0015 – 6.25 % Obscuration per Foot
• Different Alarm Thresholds per Sector
• Four Levels of Alarm (Alert / Action / Fire1 / Fire 2)
• VESDAnet ready
• Modular Design
Product Details…

VESDA LaserCOMPACT (VLC)


• 8,000 sq.ft. per detector
• 1 pipe inlet = 1 zone
• 40 Holes per Pipe / Detector
• Up to 262’ Piping
• 0.0015 – 6.25 % Obscuration per Foot
• Three Levels of Alarm (Alert / Action / Fire1…. + Fire 2 on Precision VLC)
• VESDAnet / Relay-only / Precision Protocol / TrueALARM Protocol available
• VLX (Explosion Proof LaserCOMPACT) Available

• 2,500 or 5,000 sq.ft. per detector VESDA LaserFOCUS (VLF)


• 1 pipe inlet = 1 Zone
• 6 or 12 Holes per VLF-250 / 8 or 24 Holes per VLF-500
• Up to 82’ Piping - VLF-250 / Up to 164’ Piping - VLF-500
• 0.0078 – 6.25 % Obscuration per Foot
• Also listed as a Pre-Engineered System
• Four Levels of Alarm (Alert / Action / Fire1 / Fire 2)
• VESDAnet compatible
• Ultrasonic Airflow Sensing
•Simplified Programming / Installation / Commissioning / Maintenance
FACP / Releasing Panel / BMS Interface

VESDAnet RS-485 Communications Loop

Intelligent interface to PROACTIV / Siemens MXL-IQ / Simplex Grinnell 4100U / Fike


Cheetah XI & CyberCAT / Form-C 2A 30V Dry Contacts UL listed with all other panels
VSC and VSM4 Monitoring

Real-time smoke trend


• Thanks for you time. Contact us anytime
we may be of assistance!

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