STE-D

POWER LINE CARRIER

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Slide Collection STE-D
 STE-D
POWER LINE CARRIER

General Description
 General Description – 1

The STE-D equipment is a transmission terminal designed to

manage digital streams on high voltage electric lines. The
traffic type includes the following:
• V.11, G.703 Data
• Teleprotection Signal

In addition to complete control over the carrier (that it can

access via conventional coupling devices), the STE-D can
also perform sub-multiplexing, which enables it to transfer
speech and data to the numerical channel and it realises the
switch/router function. Due to this feature, the STE-D
equipment can be used like a node in a Packet Switching
architecture.

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 General Description – 2
STE-D equipment processes and manages
• up to 92.8 kb/s considering bandwidth of 16kHz

Network Management System

• up to 64 kb/s considering bandwidth of 8 kHz
Ethernet 10BT
• up to 32 kb/s considering bandwidth of 4 kHz
over Long Distance Power Line
DPU/APU
G703/V11/ETH CMU Line H.V.
Digital/ PAU - Power
up to 92.8 kb/s (bandwidth of 16kHz) Control Amplifier Unit TX
Management Adaptive Coupler

Data Bus
PAU - Power Filter
up to 64 kb/s (bandwidth of 8 kHz) Unit Processing Amplifier Unit
up to 32 kb/s (bandwidth of 4 kHz) Unit RX
Filter

TPU LFU
SIU (Speech Interface Unit) Interface TeleProtection Unit Low Frequency Unit
2/4 wires +E&M unit(s)
FXO – FXS
DIU (Digital Interfce Unit) The Block Diagram defines 4 Sub-System
Telegraphic • Signal Processing – DPU/APU
• Line devices – PAU + TXF + RXF
• Speech and Data Interface – DIU and/or SIU
• Control and Management – CMU
The equipment Architecture is bus-oriented. Several functions are realised via software and they are totally
configurable by means of a Local Terminal Management System (STE-DPC or generic SNMP).

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 General Description – 3
Features
• Transmits a bi-directional numerical net stream:
• up to 92.8 kb/s considering bandwidth of 16kHz
• up to 64 kb/s considering bandwidth of 8 kHz
• up to 32 kb/s considering bandwidth of 4 kHz
• With or without Echo Cancelling solutions
• TCM (Trellis Coded Modulation) with 4/16/64/256 QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation)
constellations (4/8/16 kHz) and 2048 QAM (4/8 kHz only)
• Programmable FEC (Forward Error Correction) with rates 3/4 and 7/8
• Adaptive Rate: Automatic fallback from high capacity to lower rate and forward from low capacity to higher
rate as a function of S/N. Programmable integration fallback time and forward time
• Frequency range from 40 kHz to 500 kHz (1 kHz steps)
• Output Power
• From 1 to 40 W (1 dB steps) in 40 500 kHz range frequency
• Transfer delay less than 100 ms
• BER threshold: Configurable among 10-3, 10-4, 10-5, 10-6

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 General Description – 4
Features
• Full compatibility with analogue systems
• Minimum spacing 1 kHz
• Interfaces
o ITU-T X.21/V.11;
o G.703 Co-directional
o Ethernet (ETH)
• Service channel for diagnostics and remote configuration (EOC – Embedded Operation Channel)
• Ethernet 10BaseT type management interface
• Management by Agent SNMP
• Alarms archive stored in non-volatile memory
• Integrated multiplexing and drop-insert functions (optional)
• Teleprotection unit interface (optional)

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 General Description – 5
Features

Integrated multiplexer features (optional)

• Channel allocation independent of physical position on sub-frame (1-4)
• Data Interfaces
• V.24/V.28 X.20/X.21 (asynchronous/synchronous)
• Up to 20 data channels on the configured data stream
• Data channel bit rates: 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 14400, 19200 bit/s
• Point-to-Point and Point-to-Multipoint connections
Speech Interfaces
• Up to 6 speech channels on the configured data stream
• 2/4 wires + E&M, FXO and FXS
• Speech compression according to G.729 Recommendation and G.726 Recommendation (ADPCM)
• Echo Canceller according to G.168 Recommendation
• Integrated call generator

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 General Description – 6
Features
Theoretical Curves – BER vs. SNR - Bandwidth 16 kHz
• STE-D equipment has been designed to transmit a variable data stream bit rate according to
band and modulation adopted how it’s shown

• BLACK 256 QAM

• BLUE 64 QAM
• RED 16 QAM
• GREEN 4 QAM

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 General Description – 7
Features
Theoretical Curves – BER vs. SNR - Bandwidth 8 kHz
• STE-D equipment has been designed to transmit a variable data stream bit rate according to
band and modulation adopted how it’s shown

• GOLD 2048 QAM

• BLACK 256 QAM
• BLUE 64 QAM
• RED 16 QAM
• GREEN 4 QAM

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 General Description – 8
Features
Theoretical Curves – BER vs. SNR - Bandwidth 4 kHz
• STE-D equipment has been designed to transmit a variable data stream bit rate according to
band and modulation adopted how it’s shown

• GOLD 2048 QAM

• BLACK 256 QAM
• BLUE 64 QAM
• RED 16 QAM
• GREEN 4 QAM

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 General Description – 9
Application

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 General Description – 10
Application
The equipment allows a Full Duplex connection
• up to 92.8 kb/s considering bandwidth of 16kHz
• up to 64 kb/s considering bandwidth of 8 kHz
• up to 32 kb/s considering bandwidth of 4 kHz
STE-D
with interfaces:
• V.11 up to 92.8 kb/s (bandwidth of 16kHz)
up to 64 kb/s (bandwidth of 8 kHz)
• G.703 up to 32 kb/s (bandwidth of 4 kHz)
Data
High Voltage
• Ethernet (IEEE802.3) User Processing
Interface
HV
G.703 Unit
The basic equipment, configured V.11 or G.703,
V.11
ETH

carries out the functionality of line terminal for

Long Distance Power Line and it allows a transparent
transmission towards
• Router
• Radio relay system
• CDN
• Multiplexer
When the equipment is configured for Ethernet (Bridging or Routing), it’s possible to realize IP Networks.

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 General Description – 11
Application

STE-
STE-D
The basic version can be easily extended to
Sub-Multiplexing function by adding the Speech 2/4 Wires (E&M)

following units: FXO o FXS

64/32/16 KB/s
User SMUX
Signal High Voltage
HT
•Data Interface Unit (DIU) . Processing Interface
Data V.28/ .
X.20 o X.21 .
•Speech Interface Unit (SIU)
The equipment with the integrated Sub-
Multiplexing function can be used to transfer
traditional data and speech signals to the
electrical lines. STE-
STE-D

.
.
User
Data/Speech
Data/Speech
. SMUX
64/32/16 Kb/s
Kb/s
Signal High Voltage
HT
Processing Interface
This version can be also used for the
Drop/Insert application, providing an ITU-
T X.50 div. 3 Framed streams, which can
be used by external Multiplexer .
.
Data/Speech
Data/Speech
G.703
SMUX
(i.e. SELTA SAFN or STG-N2). . Data
X.50 div.3
Interface

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 STE-D
POWER LINE CARRIER
IP Addressing Overview
 IP ADDRESSING OVERVIEW

IP Addressing allows identification of each host inside

TCP/IP Network.
In order to guarantee the best network Management the
available addresses have been divided into classes
related to managed network dimension.
Class A – Small Number of Networks
Big Number of Hosts per Network
Range 1.0.0.0 – 126.255.255.255
126 Networks and 16.777.214 Hosts/Network
Class B – Medium Number of Networks
Medium Number of Hosts per Network
Range 128.0.0.0 – 191.255.255.255
16.382 Networks and 65.534 Hosts/Network
WARNING – All the addresses shown
Class C – Big Number of Networks the example are PRIVATE they are
used for LOCAL NETWORKS not
Small Number of Host per Network connected to Internet.
Range 192.0.0.0 – 223.255.255.255 If an host has to be connected to
2.097.150 Networks and 254 Hosts/Network Internet it address must be rewritten by
means NAT (Network Address
Translator) device.

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 IP ADDRESSING OVERVIEW

IP address is made up by a decimal number set by 32 bits (4 bytes)

IP address

32 bits (4bytes)

IP address format

8bits 8bits 8bits 8bits

IP address example

172 . 16 . 122 . 55

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 IP ADDRESSING OVERVIEW

IP addresses are subdivided into classes in order to optimize the management of the network

Class A - Small Number of Networks, Big Number of Hosts per Network

Class B - Medium Number of Networks, Medium Number of Hosts per Network
Class C - Big Number of Networks Small, Number of Host per Network

Class A Network host host host

Class B Network Network host host

Class C Network Network Network host

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 IP ADDRESSING OVERVIEW
CLASS A

Network host host host

The Class tag is due to the first bit of the first byte. It must always be0.
The number of the Networks is identifiable by the first byte.
Octet minimum value (first byte) 00000001 = 1 (Decimal)
Octet maximum value (first byte) 01111110 = 126 (Decimal)
Sequences of all “0” and all “1” are forbidden
Network ranges from 1.0.0.0 to 126.0.0.0
Total number of Networks (7 bits available) 27 - 2 = 126
Number of hosts per each Network (24 bits available) 224- 2 = 16.777.214
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9- - - - - - - - - - - - -- - -- -- - - - - - 32

Class A Indicator host n°

0 Network n°
24bits

First byte

0 00000001
0 11111110

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 IP ADDRESSING OVERVIEW
CLASS B

Network Network host host

The Class tag is due to the first 2 bits of the first byte. They must always be 1,0.
The number of the Networks is identifiable by the first 2 bytes.
Octet minimum value (first byte) 10000000 = 128 (Decimal)
Octet maximum value (first byte) 10111111 = 191 (Decimal)
Octet minimum value (second byte) 00000001 = 1 (Decimal)
Octet maximum value (second byte) 11111110 = 254 (Decimal)
Sequences of all “0” and all “1” are forbidden
Network ranges from 128.1.0.0 to 191.254.0.0
Total number of Networks (14 bits available) 214 - 2 = 16.382
Number of hosts per each Network (16 bits available) 216 - 2 = 65.534

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 - - - - - - -- 16 17 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -32

Class B Indicator Network n host n

1 0
14 bits 16 bits

First byte Second byte

10 000000 00000001
10 111111 11111110

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 IP ADDRESSING OVERVIEW
CLASS C

Network Network Network host

The Class tag is due to the first 3 bits of the first. They must always be 1,1,0.
The number of the Networks is identifiable by the first 3 bytes

Octet minimum value (first byte) 11000000 = 192 (decimal)

Octet maximum value (first byte) 11011111 = 223 (decimal)
Octet minimum value (second byte) 00000000 = 0 (decimal)
Octet maximum value (second byte) 11111111 = 255 (decimal)
Octet minimum value (third byte) 00000001 = 1 (decimal)
Octet maximum value (third byte) 11111110 = 254 (decimal)
Sequences of all “0” and all “1” are forbidden
Network ranges from 192.0.1.0 to 223.255.254.0
Total number of Networks (21 bits available) 221 - 2 = 2.097.150
Number of hosts per each Network (8 bits available) 28 - 2 = 254
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 - - - - - - - - - 16 - - - - - 24 - - - - - - - - - - 32

Class C Indicator Network n host n

1 1 0
21 bits 8 bits
first byte Second byte Third byte
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0

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 IP ADDRESSING OVERVIEW
PRIVATE ADDRESS

According to RFC 1918 Recommendation, the following addresses are

defined PRIVATE and they must use LOCAL NETWORKS ONLY (NO
INTERNET CONNECTION)

from 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255 Class A

from 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255 Class B

from 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255 Class C

These addresses are automatically controlled by international routing

authorities or access devices (GATEWAY) in order to stop illegal entries.

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 STE-D
POWER LINE CARRIER

Functional Description
 Functional Description – 1

The STE-D Functional Block

Diagram can be divided into:
• User Interface and
Management (CMU)
• Signal Processing (DPU/APU)
• Power Section and High
Voltage Interface (A.T.)
• Sub-Multiplexing Section
(OPTIONAL)
SELTA TPS-NU

• TeleProtection Interface
(OPTIONAL)
• Low Frequency Interface
(OPTIONAL)
• Power Supply Section

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 Functional Description – 2
User Interface and Management – CMU
The available interfaces are:
• V.11 / X.21 up to 92.8 kb/s for a 16 kHz BW
• G.703 Co-directional
• 64 kb/s Frame or Unframed stream
• 64/32/16 kb/s X.50 div.3 Framed stream
• Ethernet (Bridging/Routing Functionalities) up to 92.8 kb/s for a 16 kHz BW
These interfaces are equipped on the Control and Management Unit (CMU) and they
can be used alternatively to each other.
The CMU is equipped with two dedicated interfaces, namely Ethernet 10BaseT and F.O.
interfaces, for monitoring the equipment and managing the network. These interfaces
can be connected to a Management System STEDPC or to any SNMP Manager.
In addition to the payload, STE-D also handles an overhead stream, which is used as a service
communications channel between local and remote terminals; this Service Channel doesn’t cause any
interference to main payload. It performs the following actions:
• CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) Control and relevant BER estimation according to G.821
Recommendation
• Diagnostic Remote Information Transfer to local terminal
• EOC (Embedded Operation Channel) Management, this allows from Local Terminal a full control of
the remote equipment (modify and view the configuration, view diagnostics, download firmware, etc.)

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 Functional Description – 3
Signal Processing – DPU
The DPU/APU Card (Digital/Adaptive Processing Unit) realises all the Modem functionalities and can be split
into 3 functional blocks
• DSP* RS – This section is the interface used to achieve the bit rate for a given Q.o.S and it carries out
the following functionalities:
• Scrambler and Descrambler
• TX and RX Overhead Management
• Frame Alignment
• Service Channel Management
• DSP BB – This section carries out the following:
Transmission Side
• TCM Modulation with QAM Constellation
• F.E.C.- Forward Error Correction
• Nyquist Filter
Reception Side
• Nyquist Filter
• Adaptive Equalization
(*) DSP - Digital Signal Processor
• Trellis Decoding
• Coder/Decoder and Equalisation functionalities
• DSP AF – This section covers Modulator, Demodulator, Echo Cancelling functionalities and provides
channelling from 40 to 500kHz; between HF module and BB module. If it’s necessary, it’s
possible to insert the Teleprotection functionality
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 Functional Description – 4
Signal Processing – DPU

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 Functional Description – 5
Power Section – High Voltage Interface – TX/RX Filters

The section can be split into 4 parts:

PAU (Power Amplifier Unit) – 20 W Amplifier -
29 db gain, linear in 40-500 kHz band.
• TX Filter – It attenuates all spurious components
configurable in 40-500 kHz Band by jumpers.
PAU TXF • Splitter/Adapter – It’s a line adapter, reducing to
a minimum any transmitted signals returning
+ 29 dBv - 4.5 dBv

Tx out towards the reception filter.

RXF
+ 6.4 dBv • RX Filter – shapes the received signal in order
to remove adjacent bands configurable in 40-
Linea A.T.

Tx/
Tx/Rx
500 kHz Band by jumpers.

Rx out

-22 dBv + Att

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 Functional Description – 6
Sub-Multiplexing Section
The functionality of the section is coverd by two units:
• DIU (Data Interface Unit) – Data Interface with 5 channels per unit
• SIU (Speech Interface Unit) – Speech Interface with 2 channels per unit
In the rack, 4 slots are available.
Data Interface Unit
5 Data Interfaces are available according to ITU-T X.20 bis/ X.21 bis, each one with independent coding .
The data channels of each interface are multiplexed onto a primary 64kb/s TDM stream with 20 time slots of 8
bits each.
ITU-T V. 28
Each Interface is divided into 2 blocks, the first
interface represents the real physical Interface, the second
realises the functions of TDM bus.
Channel
1
TDM
Framer
The available rates are:
1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 14400 e 19200 bit/s
Bus 64/56 Kbit/s

The maximum primary data stream capacity at 64 kb/s

is as follows:
• 20 Channels a 1200/2400 bit/s
Channel TDM
• 10 Channels a 4800 bit/s
5 Framer
• 5 Channels a 9600 bit/s
• 3 Channels a 14400 bit/s
• 2 Channels a 19200 bit/s

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 Functional Description – 6
Sub-Multiplexing Section

Interface signalling C105, C108 ...

DATA
V.14
channel RS 232
Syncr./Asyncr.
TDM

Bus 64 Kbit/s
V.24 Interface Framer

Sync/Async sw

1.200 – 19.200 bit/s

X.21 bis / X.20 bis

Sync / Async

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 Functional Description – 7
Sub-Multiplexing Section
Speech Interface Unit
2 Programmable Speech Interfaces are available:
• 2/4 wires E&M Signalling (CLG)
• FXO: 2 wires Foreign Exchange Office (PLAC)
• FXS: 2 wires Foreign Exchange Subscriber(PLAT)

The Management System (STEDPC) allows to preset the level of the speech channel.
The unit allows configuration of up to 2 Speech channels and the system allows to equip up to 3 units (totally 6
speech channels).

Channel 1
2 wires FXO
FXS A
G.729
G.168 TDM Each Interface is set by 3 functional blocks. The first
2 or 4 wires

4 wires
E&M
Telegraphy
D ADPCM
G.726
Framer
reppresents the physical interface and realises the
Analogue to Digital and Digital to Analogue
Data Bus

convertion.
Channel 2
2 wires FXO
FXS A
G.729
G.168 TDM
The second reppresents the Compandor G.729, the
2 or 4 wires E&M
Telegraphy
D
ADPCM
G.726
Framer Echo Canceller G.168 or the Compandor ADPCM
G.726.
4 wires

The third realises the interface to system TDM bus.

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 Functional Description – 8
Sub-Multiplexing Section

E / M Signalling
Speech
channel
FXO / FXS
A Compressor TDM

Bus 64 kbit/s
D G.729 Framer

64.000 bit/s G.711

(Digital Signal)
300 – 3400 Hz
(Analogue Signal)

300 – 3400 Hz 8.000 bit/s

(Analogue Signal) (Digital SpeechSignal)
+ E / M Signalling
3 Envelopes (Speech)
6 Envelopes
9 Envelopes (Telegraphy)
12 Envelopes
15 Envelopes

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 Functional Description – 9
Sub-Multiplexing Section via G.703 Interface – Channel Allocation
The Frame X.50 div. 3 (20 Envelopes 8 bits each) is used forSub-Multiplexing Function according to:
• Standard channelling settings

Number of Number of Number of

• Proprietary extensions Channels
Envelopes
Repetition
Channels
in 64kb/s
Channels
in 32kb/s
Channels
in 16kb/s
(20 Envelopes) (10 Envelopes) (5 Envelopes)
channelling settings Speech 8kHz 3/20 6 3 1
1.2kb/s 1/20 20 10 5
14.4kb/s 6/20 3 1 0
Telegraphy
6/20 3 1 0
ADPCM 16 kb/s
Telegraphy
9/20 2 1 0
ADPCM 24 kb/s
Telegraphy
12/20 1 0 0
ADPCM 32 kb/s
Telegraphy
15/20 1 0 0
ADPCM 40 kb/s

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 Functional Description – 10
TeleProtection Section

The TPU Unit allows to interconnect the STE-D equipment with

the TeleProtection System TPS-NU.
There are currently two Teleprotection Units. They are
equivalent at HV Interface side, but different as regards the
user interfaces:
• Digital Teleprotection Interface POF (Plastic Optical
Fibre) - TPU, TeleProtection Unit
• Analogical Teleprotection Interface – TPU-BF
The first is based on an owner interface protocol. By means of
fibre optic it’s possible to install STE-D equipment and TPS-NU
(SELTA Teleprotection equipment) up to 50 m far apart.
The second presents Low Frequency Interfaces, 0 4 kHz
Transmission side and 12 16 kHz Receiver side according to
Enel CC5002 standard.

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 Functional Description – 11
Power Supply Section

The Converter Unit is available in three versions,

which can be set up according to the equipment
Power class.
• 85 W 2448 VDC / +5 V, –5 V, -30 V
• 150 W 48 VDC / +5 V, –5 V, -30 V
• 150 W 110 VDC / +5 V, –5 V, -30 V

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 STE-D
POWER LINE CARRIER

Application
 Application – 1
Terminal (Unframed)

FMUX

Power Line
G.703
STE-D
Leased line
G.703

Modem

V.11

Router
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 Application – 2
Terminal (Framed)

OCv
FMUX X.50
(SAFN)
STE-D

Modem G.703
G.703

SMUX X.50
(STG-N2)

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 Application – 3
Remote Bridge (LAN Extension )

OCv

LAN STE-D STE-D

LAN

= External Router

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 Application – 4
IP Routing
PLC PLC

STE-D STE-D STE-D

LAN

LAN

V.35 V.35

Rete CDN

= External IP Router Alternative Path

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 Application – 5
STE-D and SAFN Integration
Main Backbone (Optical Fibre inside Guard Rope)

SAFN SAFN SAFN

64 kb/s X.50
Data Channel X.20 / X.21 Data Channel X.20 / X.21
STE-D

Secondary Branch
PLC
Data Channel STE-D

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 Application – 6
Speech and Data – Integrated SMUX –Drop/Insert Function

Power Line

STE-D STE-D

Modem G.703 G-703 Modem

G.703
Drop/Insert

Speech and Data

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 STE-D
POWER LINE CARRIER

Performance
 Performance – 1
Modulation

STE-D equipment has been designed to transmit a variable data stream bit rate according to
SNR band adopting a suitable modulation scheme as shown by summarizing diagram.
Take note that for the same Bandwidth different Bit Rates are available according to the
adopted modulation, i.e., the modulation scheme and relevant bit rate are automatically
selected in order to guarantee a given Q.o.S. configured by the user.
STE-D equipment has been designed for Transmission and Reception using the same band,
thanks to the Echo Cancelling.
Nevertheless, the echo cancellation function can be disabled so that separate bands can be
used for Transmission and Reception.
Due to adopted TCM modulations it’s possible to use an additional data channel EOC
(Embedded Operation Channel) utilised for quality and remote management purposes.

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 Performance – 2
Modulation
QAM

2048

256
256 7/8
256 3/4
64
64 7/8
64 3/4
16
16 7/8
16 3/4

kb/s

16 22,4 28 32 48 56 64 69.60 81.60 92.8 BW 16kHz

8 11,2 14 16 24 28 32 35.20 40.80 46.40 64 BW 8 kHz

4 5.6 7 8 12 14 16 17.60 20.40 23.20 32 BW 4 kHz

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 Performance – 3
Carrier

As shown in the figure the spectrum of

the signal is compounded by
• TCM/QAM modulation component,
resulting in a spectrum distribution
similar to white noise within the
working band
• Carrier (pilot) component at the
upper or lower working band limits, as
shown in the table

Band 16 kHz Band 8 kHz Band 4 kHz

Pilot Position ±7680 Hz ±3840 Hz ±1920 Hz

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 Performance – 4
Carrier

Fo+ 7680Hz Fo-7680Hz

TX Master TX Slave

Fo-8kHz Fo Fo+ 8kHz Fo-8kHz Fo Fo+ 8kHz

The position of the Carrier (Pilot) identify the condition MASTER/SLAVE

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 Performance – 5
Levels
The carrier Level is 18 dB below the P.E.P. (Peak Envelope Power). The average
modulated signal Level is approximately 12 dB below the P.E.P.
The equipment generates the P.E.P. (2/10/20/40 Watt) only when the Teleprotection signal
is transmitted.

Power P.E.P. (W) 2 10 20 40

Pilot Power (W) 0.03125 0.15625 0.3125 0.625
Power Signal Modem (W) 0.125 0.625 1.25 2.5
Pilot Power + Signal modem (W) 0.15625 0.78125 1.5625 3.125
Power P.E.P. (dBm) 33 40 43 46
Pilot Power (dBm) 15 22 25 28
Power Siganl Modem (dBm) 21 28 31 34
Pilot Power + Signal Modem (dBm) 22 29 32 35
Power P.E.P. (dBv su 75 Ω) 24 31 34 37
Pilot Power (dBv su 75 Ω) 6 13 16 19
Power Siganl Modem(dBv su 75 Ω) 12 19 22 25
Pilot Power + Signal modem (dBv su 75 Ω) 13 20 23 26

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 Performance – 6
Channelling
4 KHz Bandwith Solution 8 KHzBandwidth Solution
With Echo Canceller With Echo Canceller
Tx/Rx T x/Rx

> 4 kHz 4 kHz > 4 kHz

> 4 kHz
8 kHz > 4 kHz

With Echo Canceller Tx Rx With Echo Canceller Tx Rx

Adjacent Bands Adjacent Bands

> 4 kHz 4+4 kHz > 4 kHz > 4 kHz 8+8 kHz > 4 kHz

With Echo Canceller With Echo Canceller

Separate Bands < 12kHz Tx Rx Separate Bands < 12kHz Tx Rx
Without Echo Canceller Without Echo Canceller
Separate Bands >12kHz > 4 kHz 4 kHz > 4 kHz 4 kHz > 4 kHz Separate Bands >12kHz > 4 kHz 8 kHz > 4 kHz 8 kHz > 4 kHz

16 KHz bandwidth Solution

With Echo Canceller
T x/Rx
The Channelling is programmable in
> 4 kHz 16 kHz > 4 kHz
40kHz 500kHz band.
With Echo Canceller Tx Rx
The required inter-band between the different
Adjacent Bands
connections is 4 kHz.
> 4 kHz > 4 kHz
16+16 kHz

With Echo Canceller

Separate Bands < 12kHz Tx Rx
Without Echo Canceller
Separate Bands >12kHz > 4 kHz 16 kHz > 4 kHz
16 kHz > 4 kHz

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 STE-D
POWER LINE CARRIER

Equipment Composition
 Equipment Composition – 1
Introduction

The equipment has a modular structure

allowing a range of configurations, which
differ in Output Power.
• STE-D10 – 10 W Version (P.E.P.)
• STE-D20 – 20 W Version (P.E.P.)
• STE-D40 – 40 W Version (P.E.P.)

The sub-rack consists of a frame (10 SU) in

which the cards are installed and a front panel
(6 SU) for Power supply connections with the
connectors used for interfacing the individual
cards.

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 Equipment Composition – 2
Introduction
 Basic and optional hardware components :
• Common Units to all configuration
• PSU – Power Supply Unit
• PAU – Power Amplifier Unit
• Tx Filter
• Rx Filter
• DPU/APU – Digital/Adaptive Processing Unit
• CMU – Control Management Unit
• Optional Units related to specific application
• SIU – Speech Interface Unit
• DIU – Data Interface Unit
• TPU – TeleProtection Unit
• LFU – Low Frequency Unit

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 Equipment Composition – 3
Unit Position

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

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 Equipment Composition – 4
Unit Codes
STE-D STE-D
Pos. Acronym Code Description
Up to 20W Up to 40W
06 CMU Plus 643075000-A0-IT Control Management Unit x x
07 APU/DPU 643304009-A0-IT Adaptive Processing Unit x x
STE-D Reception Filter
08 RXF 640404008-A0-IT x x
40 500kHz

09 TXF 641384201-A0-IT
STE-D Transmission Filter
x x Basic Units
40 500kHz
10 PAU 642204002-A0-IT 20 W Power Amplifier x x
11 PAU 642204002-A0-IT 20 W Power Amplifier - x
12 PSU 645075001-A0-IT PSU 110VDC /150W x x
12 PSU 645134016-A0-IT CONV.48/+5-5-30 150W x x
12 PSU 645134114-A0-IT CONV.24 48/+5-5-30 85W x
648075000-A0-IT
- - Sub-rack x x
648034107-A0-IT

Pos. Acronym Code Description

01÷04 SIU 640704005-A0-IT Speech Interface Unit

01÷04 DIU 640704006-A0-IT Data Interface Unit Optional Unit
05 TPU-POF 640704007-A0-IT Teleprotection Unit (TPU – POF)
05 TPU-BF 640704008-A0-IT Teleprotection Unit (TPU – BF)
01 LFU 640075010-A0-IT Low Frequency Unit

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Slide Collection STE-D
 STE-D
POWER LINE CARRIER

Installation and Wiring

 Mechanical Installation

The Sub-rack can be housed in a 19” DIN 41494 cabinet,

in case of metric racks it is necessary to add the 19” / 16
SU adapter (code 210 931 001) to the flanges.

 Voltage Range 24/48/110 Vdc + 20% -15%

 Consumption 180 Watt
 Temperature Range 0 45 C
 Dimension 483 x 400 x 280 mm
 Weigth < 14 Kg Full Equipped

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 Connector Area

M1 M4 SIU/DIU Connector M11 PSU Connector

M5, M6 TeleProtection TPU-BF Connector M12 Alarm Connector
M8, M9 G.703 Connector M13, M14, M15 Coupling Connector
M10 X.21 Connector M16 M19 n.a.

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 SIU/DIU Connector

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 G.703 – X.21 Connector

For more details refer to MI 620204040

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 Alarm Connector

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 Coupling Connector

• PIN 1 → M14
• PIN 2 → M15

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Slide Collection STE-D
 STE-D
POWER LINE CARRIER

Diagnostics
 Diagnostics – Introduction

 The operator receives STE-D alarm and diagnostics information from

• Visual LED Indication

• Voltage-free contacts
• Management System (STEPC)

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 CMU Visual Indications

LED STATE DESCRIPTION

RTS
ON EIA C105 Criterion active on V.11 interface
GREEN
LOS
ON No signal error on G.703 interface
RED
URG
ON URG class alarms summary
RED
IND
ON IND class alarms summary
YELLOW
PLC AL
ON EQUIPMENT type alarms summary
RED
BLINK
Card operating correctly
READY SLOW
GREEN BLINK
Send configuration data
FAST

ON Card fault (serious fault)

BLINK
WD Firmware Download
SLOW
RED
BLINK
Write in Flash Memory
FAST

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 DPU Visual Indications

LED STATE DESCRIPTION

ON Connection active (normal operation)

BLINK
READY Bootstrap mode
SLOW
GREEN
BLINK
OOS alarm during training phase
FAST

ON OOS alarm during High Frequency training

LOS OOS alarm during basic band training
RED BLINK or
Calibration phase in progress (equipment in test mode)

ON Card fault (serious fault)

BLINK
WD Firmware Download
SLOW
RED
BLINK
Write in Flash Memory
FAST

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 SIU Visual Indications

LED STATE DESCRIPTION

CH1
ON Speech channel A configured and connected
GREEN
CH2
ON Speech channel B configured and connected
GREEN

ON Card fault (serious fault)

WD BLINK
RED SLOW Firmware Download

BLINK
FAST Write in Flash Memory

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 DIU Visual Indications
LED STATE DESCRIPTION
CTS-A (GREEN) EIA C106 Criterion active on interface channel A ON

DCD-A (YELLOW) EIA C109 Criterion active on interface channel A ON

AL-A (RED) Network Out Of Service on Channel A ON

CTS-B (GREEN) EIA C106 Criterion active on interface channel B ON

DCD-B (YELLOW) EIA C109 Criterion active on interface channel B ON

AL-B (RED) Network Out Of Service on Channel B ON

CTS-C (GREEN) EIA C106 Criterion active on interface channel C ON

DCD-C (YELLOW) EIA C109 Criterion active on interface channel C ON

AL-C (RED) Network Out Of Service on Channel C ON

CTS-D (GREEN) EIA C106 Criterion active on interface channel D ON

DCD-D (YELLOW) EIA C109 Criterion active on interface channel D ON

AL-D (RED) Network Out Of Service on Channel D ON

CTS-E (GREEN) EIA C106 Criterion active on interface channel E ON

DCD-E (YELLOW) EIA C109 Criterion active on interface channel E ON

AL-E (RED) Network Out Of Service on Channel E ON

Card fault (serious fault) ON

WD (RED) Firmware Download BLINK SLOW

Write in Flash Memory BLINK FAST

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 Alarm Interface

STE-D is provided with an alarm parallel interface. The alarm

interface reports the alarms, related to
• Network (COMMUNICATION)
• EQUIPMENT
• Software (PROCESSING)
to external supervision systems (Ground = Alarm).
Furthermore STE-D makes available a ground contact, to report
the alarm of power supply missing (implement by a drop relay).

For more details refer to General Technical Description

DTG 620204040

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 Alarm Classification

• Type :
o COMMUNICATION (Network Alarms) – These alarms indicate problems correlated to
transmission medium (i.e. Received signal missing)
o EQUIPMENT – These alarms indicate internal problems of the STE-D Equipment (i.e.
Power Supply failure, Hardware failure, missing of configured units)
o PROCESSING (SOFTWARE Alarms) – These alarms indicate problems connected to
software management (i.e. Fault Download, Database mismatch)
• Severity :
o URG (Includes CRITICAL and MAJOR categories)
 This Severity produces a MISSING OF SERVICE CONDITION, the user MUST find
a solution
o NURG (Includes MINOR and WARNING categories)
 This Severity doesn’t produce any impact on the Traffic/Service, but a corrective
action is suggested

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 STE-D
POWER LINE CARRIER

Services
 Services – 1
Synchronization

STE-D Equipment can be synchronized by several different sources:

• Network – Clock extracted from line, high voltage line or user line
• Free Running – Internal Clock
• External Interface – According to ITU-T G.703, synchronization with 2048 kHz
signal, available from GPS or SDH System

Priority of synchronization source can be configured. In the element manager the

current synchronization source is shown.

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 Services – 2
Service Channel EOC – Embedded Operation Channel

It is always present in working operation mode and it is not possible to disable. The bit rate is
theoretically 6.4 kb/s but in practice it’s about 4 kb/s, because few bits are used for alignment and
control purposes.
It allows from the Local Terminal a full control of the remote equipment (modify and view the
configuration, view diagnostics, download firmware, etc.). For this application, three Routing Tables
MUST BE WRITTEN; the first Routing Table inside STE-D1, the second Routing Table inside STE-D2
and the third Routing Table inside Personal Computer. (Refer next slide)

•EOC on Power Line

•LOCAL STED-PC •REMOTE STED-PC

•STE-D1 •STE-D2

•PC

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 Services – 2 bis
Service Channel EOC – Embedded Operation Channel
Routing Tables EXAMPLE
ETH ADDRESS 192.168.20.10 ETH ADDRESS 10.13.10.1
PEER 255.255.255.0 PEER 255.255.255.0
EOC ADDRESS 192.168.15.1 EOC ADDRESS 192.168.15.2
PEER 192.168.15.254 PEER 192.168.15.254
1 ROUTING TABLE 2 ROUTING TABLE
DESTINATION MASK GATEWAY DESTINATION MASK GATEWAY
192.168.15.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.15.254 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.15.254

STE-D1 STE-D2
Local Remote
ETH ADDRESS 192.168.20.20
PC
SUBNET MASK 255.255.255.0

3 ROUTING TABLE
DESTINATION MASK GATEWAY
192.168.15.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.20.10

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 Services – 3
LoopBack

In order to simplify the maintenance and commissioning, loop function is available: it

consists of closing the circuits in output to the user interface on the circuits in input
towards power line side
 Local Loop-back – It consists of the loop-back on the same equipment where
the manager is connected to.
 Remote Loop-back – It consists of the loop-back on the STE-D in the other
side, remotely.
The state of the loop-back can be read both from the local terminal and from the
management centre.

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 Services – 4
Local LoopBack

Local LoopBack 3c

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 Services – 5
Remote LoopBack

Remote LoopBack 2b

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