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Chemistry-1 Concepts in Chemistry For Engineering: Dr. Bhawna Uttam

1. The document discusses classical mechanics and its limitations in explaining phenomena at the microscopic level like the behavior of electrons, atoms, and molecules. 2. It introduces quantum mechanics and key concepts like Planck's quantum theory, De Broglie hypothesis, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, and Schrodinger wave equation to address these limitations. 3. Quantum mechanics uses wave functions and Schrodinger's wave equation to model atomic and molecular structure and behavior.

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45 views

Chemistry-1 Concepts in Chemistry For Engineering: Dr. Bhawna Uttam

1. The document discusses classical mechanics and its limitations in explaining phenomena at the microscopic level like the behavior of electrons, atoms, and molecules. 2. It introduces quantum mechanics and key concepts like Planck's quantum theory, De Broglie hypothesis, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, and Schrodinger wave equation to address these limitations. 3. Quantum mechanics uses wave functions and Schrodinger's wave equation to model atomic and molecular structure and behavior.

Uploaded by

CSD04
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chemistry-1

Concepts in Chemistry for Engineering

By
Dr. Bhawna Uttam
Assistant Professor
J.C. Bose University of
Science and Technology,
YMCA, Faridabad
Unit-1 Atomic and Molecular Structure

Lecture:1
Classical Mechanics & Quantum Mechanics
De Broglie Hypothesis
Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
Sinusoidal Wave Equation
Schrodinger Wave Equation
Eigen Valve and Eigen Function
Significance of Wave Function
Unit-1 Atomic and Molecular Structure
Classical Mechanics: The Branch of science based on the Newton’s laws of motion and Max-
well’s Electromagnetic wave theory to explain the phenomenon related to motion and energy is
known as Classical mechanics or Newtonian Mechanics.

Why Classical Mechanics Fails?


1. Only related to large size objects
2. Fails to explain small particles such as electrons, atoms, molecules (microscopic particles)

Classical Mechanics assume that energy is emitted or absorbed continuously whereas Plank’s
Quantum Theory assumes energy is emitted or absorbed continuously or discontinuously in the
forms of packets of energy, called quanta.

Classical mechanics says that it is possible to determine the position and velocity of a moving
particle simultaneously, but contradicted by Heisenberg uncertainty principle.

Classical Mechanics fails to satisfactory explanation to so may phenomenon:


1. Black Body Radiation
2. Photoelectric effect
3. Heat Capacities of Solids
4. Atomic and Molecular Spectra
Unit-1 Atomic and Molecular Structure
Planck’s Radiation Law
Energy is absorbed or emitted not continuously but discontinuously in the form of
packets of energy called quanta. Energy of each quantum
E=hv, where v is the frequency of the radiation
h is the planck’s constant

Schrodinger: given the concept of Wave Mechanics


based on the de Broglie concept of dual character of matter
particle as well as the wave nature

Wave mechanics also called Quantum Mechanics/ Particle Mechanics as it deals with
the problems arises with the particles such as electrons, nuclei, atoms, molecules, etc.

Quantum Mechanics: Branch of science that takes into consideration of de Broglie


concept of dual nature of matter and Planck’s quantum theory and its explanation
related to the small particles is known as Quantum Mechanics.

Schrodinger equation is the heart of Quantum Mechanics.


Unit-1 Atomic and Molecular Structure

There are several other conditions where the classical and the quantum mechanics are same
 We will discuss and compare after studying the quantum mechanics.
Unit-1 Atomic and Molecular Structure
De Broglie Hypothesis
Newton said that Light is the stream of particles which are called photons, But failed to explain
the phenomenon of interference and Diffraction, only valid if the light has the wave nature

On the other hand, black body radiation and photoelectric effect explains that light has a particle
nature

Different experiments has been done to prove that the light has dual character,
Particle as well as wave.
Unit-1 Atomic and Molecular Structure
Unit-1 Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
Unit-1 Sinusoidal Wave Equation
Consider the Motion of a wave in any particular direction say x axis
At any time t, the upward displacement of a wave is given by y as a function of position x and time
t, i.e. y = f (x, t)
Unit-1 Schrodinger Wave Equation
Electron has both nature: Particle as well as Wave
Motion of the electron in terms of an equation is called Wave Equation
Unit-1 Schrodinger Wave Equation

Formulation of Schrodinger Wave Equation


Unit-1 Schrodinger Wave Equation
Unit-1 Schrodinger Wave Equation
Unit-1 Schrodinger Wave Equation
Unit-1 Schrodinger Wave Equation
Unit-1 Schrodinger Wave Equation

Application of Schrodinger Wave equation to Hydrogen atom

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