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VOLCANO

A volcano is a rupture in the Earth's crust that allows magma, ash, rock and gases to escape from below the surface. Volcanoes often form at boundaries of tectonic plates or where the crust is thinning. Ridges in the ocean come in different shapes depending on how quickly the seafloor is spreading and how active the volcanism is. Scientists are studying why mid-ocean ridges have variable topography and believe it relates to properties of the ocean crust and how brittle the upper plate is.

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Bernadeth A. Ursua
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35 views

VOLCANO

A volcano is a rupture in the Earth's crust that allows magma, ash, rock and gases to escape from below the surface. Volcanoes often form at boundaries of tectonic plates or where the crust is thinning. Ridges in the ocean come in different shapes depending on how quickly the seafloor is spreading and how active the volcanism is. Scientists are studying why mid-ocean ridges have variable topography and believe it relates to properties of the ocean crust and how brittle the upper plate is.

Uploaded by

Bernadeth A. Ursua
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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VOLCANO

A volcano on Earth is a vent or fissure in the


planet's crust through which lava, ash, rock and
gases erupt. A volcano is also a mountain
formed by the accumulation of these eruptive
products.

Volcanoes have existed for a long time on


Earth, likely causing disasters such as the
Permian mass extinction about 250 million
years ago, the greatest mass extinction in
Earth's history, according to a 2015 paper.

RIDGES

A ridge or a mountain ridge is a geographical


feature consisting of a chain of mountains or
hills that form a continuous elevated crest for
some distance. The sides of the ridge slope
away from narrow top on either side. The lines
along the crest formed by the highest points,
with the terrain dropping down on either side,
are called the ridgelines. Ridges are usually
termed hills or mountains as well, depending on
size.
VOLCANO

A volcano is a rupture in the crust of a planetary-


mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava,
volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma
chamber below the surface.

On Earth, volcanoes are most often found where


tectonic plates are diverging or converging, and
most are found underwater. For example, a mid-
oceanic ridge, such as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, has
volcanoes caused by divergent tectonic plates
whereas the Pacific Ring of Fire has volcanoes
caused by convergent tectonic plates. Volcanoes can
also form where there is stretching and thinning of
the crust's plates, such as in the East African Rift and the Wells Gray-Clearwater volcanic field
and Rio Grande Rift in North America.

RIDGES

Mid-ocean ridges have different shapes, also called


“morphology,” depending on how fast they are
spreading, how active they are magmatically and
volcanically, and how much tectonic stretching and
faulting is taking place. Why does the mid-ocean
ridge crest have such variable topography?

This is an important question that marine geologists


and geophysicists are studying. Part of the research
we are doing is to answer this question. Scientists
believe that it is most likely related to the strength of
the ocean crust at these different sites and how cold and brittle the upper part of the plate is.

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