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    Chapter 7

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    jinnah01
    This document provides an overview of key factors in geometric design of highways, including: 1) Design standards and factors affecting highway design include functional classification, traffic volume, design speed, topography, costs, and safety. These factors indicate what the new roadway should accommodate. 2) Roadway capacity and level of service are directly related. Cross section elements like shoulders, guardrails, and right of way widths are also designed. 3) Horizontal and vertical alignments are designed considering terrain and using controls for curves, super-elevation, grades, and vertical curves. Sight distances must also be ensured to meet requirements.

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    Chapter 7

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    jinnah01
    167 views3 pages
    This document provides an overview of key factors in geometric design of highways, including: 1) Design standards and factors affecting highway design include functional classification, traffic volume, design speed, topography, costs, and safety. These factors indicate what the new roadway should accommodate. 2) Roadway capacity and level of service are directly related. Cross section elements like shoulders, guardrails, and right of way widths are also designed. 3) Horizontal and vertical alignments are designed considering terrain and using controls for curves, super-elevation, grades, and vertical curves. Sight distances must also be ensured to meet requirements.

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    This document provides an overview of key factors in geometric design of highways, including: 1) Design standards and factors affecting highway design include functional classification, traffic volume, design speed, topography, costs, and safety. These factors indicate what the new roadway should accommodate. 2) Roadway capacity and level of service are directly related. Cross section elements like shoulders, guardrails, and right of way widths are also designed. 3) Horizontal and vertical alignments are designed considering terrain and using controls for curves, super-elevation, grades, and vertical curves. Sight distances must also be ensured to meet requirements.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    167 views3 pages

    Chapter 7

    Uploaded by

    jinnah01
    This document provides an overview of key factors in geometric design of highways, including: 1) Design standards and factors affecting highway design include functional classification, traffic volume, design speed, topography, costs, and safety. These factors indicate what the new roadway should accommodate. 2) Roadway capacity and level of service are directly related. Cross section elements like shoulders, guardrails, and right of way widths are also designed. 3) Horizontal and vertical alignments are designed considering terrain and using controls for curves, super-elevation, grades, and vertical curves. Sight distances must also be ensured to meet requirements.

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    of 3

    CE222 Highway Engineering

    Notes for Chapter 7 Geometric Design of Highways

    Design Standards: Design standards and procedures vary from state to state. Federal
    Aided highway projects should follow ASSHTO standards.

    Factors affecting
    Highway Design: Functional Classification of the roadway
    Projected traffic volume and composition
    Required design speed
    Topography of the surrounding land
    Capital costs for construction
    Agency funding mechanisms
    Human sensory capacities of roadway users
    Vehicle size and performance characteristics
    Traffic safety considerations
    Public involvement, review, and comment
    Environmental consideration
    Right-of-way impacts and costs

    In detail, the following factors are directly related to the design of new roadway:

    Average Daily Traffic (ADT)


    Design Hourly Volume (DHV)
    Directional Distribution (D)
    Percentage of trucks (T)
    Design Speed (V)
    Design Vehicles
    All the above factors reflect the demand side of the highway facility to be built.
    They indicate the measurements that the new facility (after built) should
    accommodate or meet.

    Roadway Capacity

    Roadway capacity represents the supply side of the roadway. Capacity is directly
    related to Level of Service. See Table 7-1

    Cross Section Elements

    Cross Section Elements are also called Templates


    Students should have a clear understanding of Two-lane, three-lane, multilane
    undivided, multilane divided, and limited-access highways
    Pavement crown: width and slope normal slope is 2%, in detail see CalTran
    Design manual
    Shoulders: see CalTran Design manual
    Guardrail Warrant: slope greater than 3:1, guardrail should be placed
    Curbs, curb and gutter and drainage ditches

    Curbs are seldom on freeways but often used urban and


    suburban roadways
    Right-of-Way: see CalTran Design Manual

    Roadway Alignment

    Horizontal and Vertical Alignments


    Terrain Types: level, rolling and mountainous

    Horizontal Alignment: Consists of lines and circular curves


    Lines are easy for understanding
    Curves should be understood in greater detail
    Degree of curvature: arc definition and chord definition

    Controls used in the Horizontal alignment: See Page 179. Students should have
    full understanding on how to use these equations and formulas.

    Super-elevation of curves:

    Why we need super-elevation? Transition from a tangent section to a


    curved section of the highway
    Difference between emax and e
    Attainment of super-elevation: See CalTran design manual
    1/3 of transition length (transition runoff) on curve
    2/3 of transition length 9transition runoff) on tangent line

    A lot of students mistakenly think that the length discussed above is the
    length of curve.

    Vertical Alignment:

    Vertical alignment is designed on profile. Pay attention to grades and


    grade control.

    Vertical curves - parabolic curve not circular curve


    Crest curve and sag curve
    Understand equations and formulas on Page 192, very important
    Full understanding on Example 7-1 on page 193

    Sight Distance

    Stooping sight distance,


    Passing sight distance
    Decision sight distance

    Please understand how to ensure your highway design to meet sight


    distance requirements. Check my class lecture notes. This part is very
    important.

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