Department of Education

Mathematics 10
Tangents and Secants of a Circle
Second Quarter – Week 5 Module

Felisa G. Basijan EdD

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Dorothy A. Mendoza PhD
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 As you go through this module, you are expected to illustrate secants,
tangents, segments and sector of a circle. Prove theorems on secants, tangents and
segments. Your goal in this section is to apply the key concepts of tangents and
secants of a circle. As you go through this lesson, think of this important question:
How do the different geometric relationships involving tangents and secants of a
circle facilitate finding solutions to real-life problems and making wise decisions?

Let us find out first what you already know related to the content of this
module. Answer all items. Choose the letter that best answers each question.
Please take note of the items/questions that you will not be able to answer
correctly and revisit them as you go through this module for self-assessment.
1. What kind of angle is formed by a tangent of a circle and the radius drawn to the
point of tangency?
A. acute angle B. right angle C. reflex angle D. obtuse angle
2. If a segment whose measures 10.5 cm is tangent to a circle from an exterior
point P, what is the measure of the other segment tangent to the same circle from
the same exterior point?
A. 10.5 cm B. 11 cm C. 12 cm D. 21 cm
For # 3- 6, consider a figure below A U D
3. How is AD called?
A. tangent C. chord
B. secant D.radius
4. How is UY called? Y
A. tangent C. chord
B. secant D.radius

5. If m∠DUY =82, what is the measure of arc UY?

A. 41 B. 82 C. 180 D. 164
6. If measure of arc UY = 135, what is m ∠DUY?
A. 67.5 B. 135 C. 180 D. 270

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7. Three circles with centers at P, Q, R touch each other externally. If circles P,Q,R
have radii of length 7, 9 , 10 cm respectively , find the perimeter of ∆ PQR.
A. 50 B. 52 C. 54 D. 56
8. Circumscribed quadrilateral LOVE, LO= 15, OV= 10, EV= 18, find LE
A. 10 B. 23 C. 33 D. 18
9. A line that is tangent to two or more circles is a/an ___________
A. secant B. common tangent C. internal tangent D. external tangent
10 How many common tangents do internally tangent circles have?
A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3
Use the figure below to answer # 11-15
M

Q X R P
S
T
11. If PS = 8 and ST = 10 , then PM = ____________
A. 64 B. 12 C. 36 D. 46
12. If MX = 5 , TM = 14 and RX = 15, then QX= _____________
A. 3 B. 6 C. 9 D. 12
13. If m ∠ QXT= 150, then m ∠ MXR= __________
A. 50 B. 75 C. 150 D. 300
14. If the measure of arc RS= 22, measure of arc RM=58 and arc QT= 86, then
m ∠ QXT= ____
A. 144 B. 73 C. 14 D. 72
15. Find the value of x in the figure
A.9 B. 12 C. 16 D. 7
A B x P
7

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 A tangent to a circle is a line coplanar with the circle and intersects it in one
and only one point. The point of intersection of the line and the circle is called the
point of tangency.
A secant is a line that intersects a circle at exactly two points. A secant contains
a chord of a circle.
In the figure on the right, N Q
PQ intersects ʘC at A. PQ is the tangent •C A
Line and A is the point of tangency. M
MN is a secant line P

ANGLES FORMED BY CHORDS, SECANTS AND TANGENTS

a. If a tangent and a chord intersect at a point on a circle, then the measure of each
angle formed is one half of its intercepted arc.
1
m∠1= 2
( m AB ) A
1
m∠2 = 2
(mACB) C

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1 2
B
b. If two chords intersect inside a circle, then the measure of each angle is one half
the sum of the intercepted arcs.
1
m∠3 = 2
( m DE + m FG ) D E

3
1
m∠4 = (m DF + m EG ) 4
2

F G
c. If two tangents, two secants, or a secant and a tangent intersect in the exterior of
a circle, then the measure of the angle formed is one half the difference of the
measures of the intercepted arcs.

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 K O
H
7
J 5 6 P
N M Q
I
1 1 1
m<5 = 2
(m HJI – m HI ) m<6 = 2
(m KN- m LM ) m<7 = 2
( m OQ m OP )

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES:
A. Solve for the value of the variable.

1. 2.
A 40
1
140° 80 x x= 2 ( 40 + 80 )
x
1
B x = 2 ( 120 )

x = 60°
1
x = 2 (140)

x= 70°
3. 4.
x 18 126 166
56
x
1
X= 2 (166- 56)
1 1
X= 2 (126- 18) X= 2 (110)
1
X = (108) X = 55°
2

X = 54°

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5. 6. 81 360-x
X
x 250
110

1
81 = 2 [ (360-x) –x ]
1 1
x= 2 ( 250- 110 ) 81= 2 [ 360-x-x ]
1 1
x = 2 ( 140) 81= 2 ( 360-2x )

x = 70 81 = 180-x
x= 180-81
x= 99
SEGMENTS FORMED BY CHORDS, SECANTS AND TANGENTS
a. Two –Chord Power Theorem
If two chords intersect in a circle, then the product of the lengths of the segment
of one chord is equal to the product of the length of the segments of the other
chord.
A B
E
AE • ED = CE •EB

C D
b. Two – Secant Power Theorem
If two secants segment intersect outside a circle, then the product of the length
of one secant segment and its external segment is equal to the product of the
length of the other secant segment and its external segment.
E
G
J H EH • GH = JH • IH
J I
c.Secant – Tangent Power Theorem
If a secant segment and a tangent segment intersect outside a circle, then the
square of the length of the tangent segment is equal to the product of the lengths of
the secant segment and its external segment.
K L (NM )2 = KM• LM
M
N

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ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES:
Solve for the indicated variables.
1. AE • EB = CE • ED
A C 12a = 8 (6)
12 8 12a = 48
E a
6 a=4
D B
2.
A D 6 AB*DB = CB*EB
X 8 B ( x+ 6 ) 6 = ( 16 + 8 ) 8
C 16 E 6x + 36 = 24 ( 8 )
6x = 192 – 36
6x = 156
x = 26
SECTOR AND SEGMENT OF A CIRCLE
A sector of a circle is the region bounded by an arc of the circle and the two radii to
the endpoints of the arc. To find the area of a sector of a circle, get the product of
𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑐
the ratio 360
and the area of the circle

Example: The radius of circle C is 10 cm. if mAB = 60, what is the area of sector
ACB?
Solution: To find the area of sector ACB:
a. Determine first the ratio A
measure of the arc C
360 60
10cm
60
measure of the arc = 360
360
1
= B
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b. Find the area (A) of the circle using the equation A = 𝜋r2. Where r is the
length of the radius.
A = 𝜋r2
= 𝜋 (10 cm =)2
= 100𝜋 cm2

𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑐

c. Get the product of the of the and the area of the circle.
360

1
Area of sector ACB = (6)(100𝜋 cm2)
50𝜋
= cm2
3
50𝜋
The area of sector ACB is 3
cm2.

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A. segment of a circle is the region bounded by an arc and the segment joining its
endpoints.
Example: The shaded region in the figure below is a segment of circle T. It is the
region bounded by PQ and PQ.

To find the area of the shaded segment in the figure, subtract the area of
triangle PTQ from the area of sector PTQ.
Asegment = Asector - Atriangle
If mPQ = 90 and the radius of the circle is 5 cm. then the area of sector PTQ is
one-fourth of the area of the whole circle. That is.
1
Area of sector PTQ = (4)(5 cm)2𝜋
1
=(4)25(cm)2𝜋 P P Q
25
= 4
𝜋 cm2
T

1 25
In the same figure, the area of PTQ = 2(5 cm)(5 cm) or PTQ = 2
cm2

25 25
The area of the shaded segment, then, is equal to 4
𝜋- 2
cm2 which is
approximately 7.135cm2

In the given circles, chords, secants and tangents are drawn with the indicated
measurements. Find the value of x and y.
1. x= _____ 2..y=______ 3. X= _____ 4. Y=_______

y
2 4 2 X

7 x 21 10
4 2
y

a. If a tangent and a chord intersect at a point on a circle, then the measure of each
angle formed is one half of its intercepted arc.
b. If two chords intersect inside a circle, then the measure of each angle is one half
the sum of the intercepted arcs.

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c. If two tangents, two secants, or a secant and a tangent intersect in the exterior of
a circle, then the measure of the angle formed is one half the difference of the
measures of the intercepted arcs.
d.A sector of a circle is the region bounded by an arc of the circle and the two radii
to the endpoints of the arc. To find the area of a sector of a circle, get the product of
𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑐
the ratio and the area of the circle.
360

GIVEN : PY= 15, QZ= 12, and XR= 16, find

1. XP= ________
2. YQ= _______ P
3. RZ= ________
4. XY = ________ Q
5. Perimeter of ∆XYZ= _____
X R Z

Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer.

1. The measure of an angle formed by two tangents of a circle intersecting at a
point in the exterior of the circle is ______________.
A. One –half the absolute value of the difference of the measures of the
intercepted arcs.
B. one-half the measure of its intercepted arc
C. one-half the sum of the measures of the arcs intercepted by the angle and its
vertical angle.
D. equal to the measure of its intercepted arc
2. If a segment which measures 21 cm is tangent to a circle from an exterior point
P, what is the measure of the other segment tangent to the same circle from the
same exterior point?
A. 10.5 cm B. 11 cm C. 12 cm D. 21 cm
For # 3- 7, use the given figure below.
3. How are SM and SA called?
A. tangents B. secants C. chords D. radius
4. m MA + m MPA = _____________
A. 90 B. 180 C. 270 D. 360
5. m∠S= _____
𝑚 𝑀𝐴−𝑚 𝑀𝑃𝐴 𝑚 𝑀𝐴+𝑚 𝑀𝑃𝐴 𝑚 𝑀𝑃𝐴
A. 2
B. mMPA C. 2
D. 2
6. If m MA = 124 and mMPA = 236, what is m∠S? S M
A. 56 B. 124 C. 180 D. 236
7.If mMA=2mMPA,what is m∠S?

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 A. 60 B. 90 C. 180 D. 270 A P

8. Two chords 12 cm and 18 cm long intersect in a point which divides the longer
into segments 2 cm and 16cm respectively. Find the lengths of the segments of the
shorter chord.
A. 4cm and 8cm B. 5cm and 7cm C. 6cm and 6cm D. 3cm and 9 cm
9. A line that intersects a circle at exactly two points.
A. tangent B. secant C. segment D. sector
10. The segments of one of the intersecting chords are x+4 and x+6 and x-4 and
x+18 for the other. Find the value of x.
A. 20 B. 22 C. 24 D. 26
11. Find the length of each chord in problem # 10.
A. 36 and 36 B. 42 and 42 C. 27 and 29 D. 24 and 26
12. If a line is tangent to a circle, then it is ______ to the radius drawn to the point
of tangency.
A. Perpendicular B. parallel C. equal D. opposite
13. If a quadrilateral is inscribed in a circle, then its opposite angles are ___.
A. congruent B. complementary C. supplementary D. equal
14. If a secant and a tangent intersect at the point of tangency, then the measure of
each angle formed is _____ the measure of its intercepted arc.
A.equal B. one-fourth C. one-third D. one-half
15. If an inscribed angle of a circle intercepts a semicircle, then the angle is a/an
A. right B. obtuse C. acute D. straight

Key to Corrections
PRE –TEST POST-TEST
1. B 6. A 11. B 1. A 6. A 11. A
2. A 7. B 12. A 2. D 7. A 12. C
3. A 8. B 13. C 3. B 8. A 13. B
4. B 9. B 14. D 4. D 9. B 14. A
5. A 10. C 15. A 5. A 10. C 15. C
ACTIVITIES Check your understanding
1. X = 14 1. 16
2. Y=6 2. 15
3. X = 48 3. 12
4. Y=4 4. 31
5. 86 units

References
Learner’s Module for Mathematics (Grade 10), 2015, Department of Education,Phil.
Bernabe, Julieta G., et al. (2014), Our World of Math 10,Vibal Group,Inc.,Quezon
City

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