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TECHNICAL PRESENTATION

IEC/BS EN 62305: 2011/2012

Protection against lightning
Sonal Menachery – Area Sales Manager – Global Marketing & Sales – IMA, BU EPIP
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BS EN 62305:2006 is the first ever British Lightning Protection

Standard to be compiled by experts from all over the world.

BS EN 62305: 2011 is the amendment of its 2006 version

Very ‘wordy’ yet comprehensive document

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BS EN 62305 parts 1-4

• Published September 2006

• Amended 2011

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Now lets review BS EN 62305 in

a little more detail

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Peak currents are developed

in a lightning strike……..

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…but, the event is over in

millionths of a second
(typically 50s)

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Strike damage examples

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Strike damage examples

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BS EN 62305

BS EN 62305 (4 documents)

First introduced in September 2006

BS6651 fully withdrawn on

August 31st 2008

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BS EN 62305 - 4 Parts

BS EN 62305-1 General Principles

BS EN 62305-2 Risk Management

BS EN 62305-3 Physical damage & life hazard

BS EN 62305-4 Electrical & electronic systems

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BS EN 62305-1 (Part 1)

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BS EN 62305-1 (Part 1)

General Principles of Lightning protection

Leads-in/introduction to other parts

Explains storyline how to design an LPS

in accordance with accompanying parts of
this standard

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— 62305-1

Scope – BS EN 62305 - 1
Provides general principles for protection against lightning of:
• structures, their installations, contents and persons
• services connected to a structure

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BS EN 62305-1
LPL (Lightning Protection Level)
- number related to a set of lightning current parameters, which allows relevant
protection measures to be applied including the size of the rolling sphere

LPL Maximum (kA) Minimum (kA)

I 200 3

II 150 5

III 100 10

IV 100 16

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— 62305-1

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— 62305-1

In order to evaluate whether lightning

protection is required, a risk assessment
needs to be carried out (BS EN 62305-2)

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BS EN 62305-2 (Part 2)

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BS EN 62305-2 (Part 2)

Risk Management

Complex document

Series of formulae to reduce the actual Risk (R) below it’s corresponding
tolerable level (RT)

Looks at Risk in far broader sense than physical damage to a structure

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— 62305-2

Following primary risks (Rn) relate to

corresponding types of loss (L)

R1 – risk of loss of human life

R2 – risk of loss of services to the public

R3 – risk of loss of cultural heritage

R4 – risk of loss of economic value

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— 62305-2

Protection against lightning is required if

the risk Rn(whether R1 or R2 or R3) is
greater than the tolerable level of risk RT

ie Rn > RT

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Tolerable risk RT (BS EN)

Type of loss RT(y-1)

Loss of human life or 10-5
permanent injury R1
Loss of service to public R2 10-4

Loss of cultural heritage R3 10-4

Note. y-1 means ‘in one year’

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— 62305-2
1 Use and type of structure (Lf ) Critical Weighting Factors
2 Dimensions of structure (L x W x H in metres)
3 No of service lines feeding the structure
- power, single/three phase, overhead, underground
- telecom, how many lines, overhead, underground
4 Length of service lines (Lc)
5 Location (Cd)
6 Environment (urban, suburban, rural) (Ce)
7 Service line only or with transformer (Ct)
8 Special hazards (low, average, high level of panic) (hz)
9 Type of surface (concrete, asphalt, wood etc.) (ra & ru)
10 Any fire protection provisions? (manual extinguisher, automatic extinguishing system) (rp)
11 Risk of fire (high, ordinary, low) (rf )
12 Soil resistivity (ρ)
13 Voltage withstand (Uw) of (a) power cable (b) telecom cable (KS4)
14 Any spatial screening (any reinforcing bars/stanchions within the framework of the structure? (KS1)
15 - Any details of service lines? (KS3)
- Screened/unscreened cable
- routing
16 Flash Density (Ng)

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S3
S1

S2
S4

Sources of damage to a structure

S1 – Flashes to a structure
S2 – Flashes near a structure
S3 – Flashes to services connected to a structure
S4 – Flashes near services connected to a structure

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RA+RB+RC RU+RV+RW

RM RZ

R1 = R D + Ri
= (RA + RB + RC) +
(RM + RU + RV + RW + RZ)

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Each primary risk consists of numerous risk components

R1 = RA + RB + RC(1) + RM(1) + RU + RV + RW(1) + RZ(1)

R2 = RB + RC + RM + RV + R W + RZ
R3 = RB + RV
R4 = RA(2) + RB + RC + RM + RU + RV + RW + RZ

(1) Structures – risk of explosion or hospitals – life saving equipment

(2) Properties where animals may be lost

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— Definition of numerous risk components
RX
Source of Damage Type of Damage
Flashes to the structure (S1) Injury to living beings (D1)
RA

Flashes to the structure (S1) Physical damage caused by

RB
dangerous sparking inside the
structure (D2)
Flashes to the structure (S1) Failure of internal systems caused
RC by Lightning Electro Magnetic
Pulse - LEMP (D3)
Flashes near the structure (S2) Failure of internal systems caused
RM by LEMP (D3)
Flashes to a service connected to the Injury to living beings (D1)
RU structure (S3)
Flashes to a service connected to Physical damage caused by
RV structure (S3) dangerous sparking inside the
structure (D2)

RW Flashes to a service connected to Failure of internal systems caused

structure (S3) by LEMP (D3)

RZ Flashes near a service connected to Failure of internal systems caused

structure (S4) by LEMP (D3)

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Generic equation for evaluating each risk component is:

R X = N X . PX . L X

where
NX = annual number of dangerous events
PX = probability of damage
LX = consequential loss (social values)

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For example RB component related to physical damage caused by
dangerous sparking inside structure triggering fire or explosion
RB = ND . PB . LB
RB = (NgAd/bCd/b . 10-6) (PB) (hz.rp.rf.Lf )

Where, Ng is flash density and Ad/b (collection area) = (LxW) + (6H (L+W)) + 9π(H)2

Cd/b is the Location factor, derived from the table

PB is the probability of damage to the structure, derived from the table, depending
upon the level of protection
hz is the factor increasing the loss due to physical damage, when a special hazard is
present, derived from the table

rp is the factor reducing the loss due to physical damage depending on the provision
taken to reduce the consequences of fire, derived from the table
rf is the factor reducing the loss due to physical damage depending on the risk of fire,
derived from the table
Lf is loss due to physical damage

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Lf ( loss due to physical damage )

np is the possible number of victims in case of S1

nt is the number of people occupying the structure

tp is the expected time spent by people in the structure

np tp
Lf  n x
t 8760
L f  200 x 3650 L  0.42
200 8760 f

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Equivalent risk component to RB applicable to services is RV, (most important
for the ME area) component related to physical damage (fire or explosion)
triggered by dangerous sparking generally at entrance point of line into
structure due to lightning current transmitted along incoming service

RV = NV . PV . LV

and RV = (NL + NDa)(PV)(hz.rp.rf.Lf )

where NL = Ng . Al . Cd . Ct . 10-6

and NDa = Ng . Ad/a . Cd/a . Ct . 10-6

and Al = Lc – 3(Ha + Hb)6Hc – Aerial (overhead) cable

or Al = r [L c – 3(Ha + Hb)] – Buried cable

This exercise is repeated for all other all risk components

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Risk Management

Long hand calculations –

laborious,
time consuming,
not practicable in commercial environment

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BS EN 62305-3
Physical damage to structures and life hazard

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BS EN 62305-3
Physical damage to structures and life hazard

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— 62305-3

• Follows Faraday Cage principle

• 4 classes of structural LP

• 2 types of earthing arrangements

• focus on importance of equipotential bonding

• encourages use of natural metalwork

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— 62305-3

Class Mesh Size DC spacing Rolling

(m x m) (m) Sphere (m)
I 5x5 10 20

II 10 x 10 10 30

III 15 x 15 15 45

IV 20 x 20 20 60

Each class has its own mesh size, dc spacing and relevant radius of rolling
sphere

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Minimum Lightning Current Parameters

The minimum values of Lightning current

have been used to derive the Rolling Sphere
radius for each Lightning Protection Level.
The relationship between the minimum
peak current and the striking distance (or in
other words the Rolling Sphere Radius and
is expressed as:

r  10 x I 0.65

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— 62305-3
Air Termination System

3 basic protective methods for determining

position of air termination system

• Rolling sphere method

• Protective angle method

• Mesh method

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Protective Angle Method

This is a mathematical simplification of the Rolling Sphere Method

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LPZ 0A

Equipment

LPS

Lightning current SPD

LPZ 1 (10/350 s)

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LPZ 0A

a
Zone of protection
LPZ 0B
Equipment

LPS s

Overvoltage SPD
LPZ 1 (8/20 s)

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Mesh Method

Suitable for majority of the surfaces provided:

• conductors are positioned at roof edges and

overhangs, and on roof ridges

• no installation should protrude above air

termination system – or provide air
terminals to protect them

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Mesh Method
Natural components (metallic roofs)
Class of Thickness(1) Thickness(2)
Material
LPS t (mm) t’ (mm)

Lead - 2.0
Steel (stainless, 4 0.5
galvanized)
I to IV
Copper 5 0.5

Aluminium 7 0.65

Zinc - 0.7
NOTE 1: thickness t prevents puncture, hot spot or ignition.
NOTE 2: thickness t’ only for metal sheets if it is not important
to prevent puncture, hot spot or ignition problems.

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Down Conductors

Use of aesthetic covering (PVC, paint) over

external LP conductors permitted
(BS EN 50164-2 (A1))

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— 62305-3

Down Conductors
Where it is not possible to install DC's down a
particular side due to practical/architectural
restraints – compensate by placing more DC's at
closer spacing on other accessible sides

DC centres should not be less than one third of

its relevant distance
Eg. Class III LPS equates to 15m spacing
Thus minimum DC spacing (15/3) = 5m

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Natural Components
Encourages use of natural fortuitous metalwork
present (ie rebars, etc.)

Still requires electrical continuity - maximum

overall resistance of 0.2 ohm

Reinforcing bars carrying lightning currents

should be welded, clamped with suitable
connection components or overlapped minimum
of 20 times rebar diameter

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— 62305-3

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— 62305-3
Ring Conductor Spacing
Depending on the level of protection, the radius of the rolling
sphere is decided.

Assume LPL I
•1st Ring Conductor at 20 m height

•Spacing of 20 meters (5 floors) between 20m to 120m height

•Spacing of 10 meters (3 floors) between 120m to 400m height

•Spacing of 5 meters (each floor) from 400m height onwards

•If the structure is >120m in height, then apply ring conductor on

each floor for the top 20% and then follow the above rule

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— 62305-3 Typical Installation

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— 62305-3 Typical Installation

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— 62305-3 Typical Installation

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62305-3
Earth Termination System

a) Type A arrangement
rods or horizontal conductor electrodes

b) Type B arrangement
ring conductor or foundation earth electrode

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Type A Arrangement
Total number of rods/earth electrodes should
not be less than two

OR

Minimum length of earth rod shall be 2.4m

However, please use the formula to find out the

actual number of earth rods required before
deciding on installation

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Lightning Protection Components

BS EN 62305 requires that all connection components

used in an LPS meet the relevant requirements of the BS
EN 50164 & IEC 62561 series of standards.

Testing done by BS EN & IEC accredited laboratories

only

FURSE products are manufactured in accordance to the

latest standards, BS EN 50164 / IEC 62561

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BS EN 50164-1

Examples of before and after testing

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Lightning Protection Components

All Furse components meet the requirements of

BS EN 50164 and IEC 62561

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— 62305-3
Maintenance and Inspection of LPS
BS6651 – inspect/test annually (11 months)

Maximum period between inspections (62305-3)

Protection Visual Complete Critical

level inspection inspection systems *
(year) (year) complete
inspection
(year)
I and II 1 2 1
III and IV 2 4 1

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BS EN 62305 -4

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BS EN 62305 - 4
Electrical and electronic systems within structures
• Electronic systems now part of our everyday life –
totally dependent on their smooth efficient running

• Any malfunctions, loss of data etc.. –

disastrous effects on companies

• Part 4 recognizes vital importance of protecting electrical/electronic

systems housed within structures – integral part of BS EN 62305

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BS EN 62305 - 4
Electrical and electronic systems within structures

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BS EN 62305 - 4
Transient Overvoltage (surges)

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BS EN 62305 - 4
Common cause of lightning transient

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BS EN 62305 - 4

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BS EN 62305 - 4

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Electrical and electronic systems within structures

Basic protection measures in an LPMS

• earthing and bonding

• magnetic shielding and line routing

• surge protective device set

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— 62305-4
Surge protective device set (SPD set)
• protection of internal systems against
surges may require an SPD set consisting
of a coordinated set of SPD’s

• SPD shall be suitably located at :

- Main distribution board (service entrance)
- Sub distribution board
- Terminal equipment

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• BS EN 62305-4 Protection of electronic systems

-LPMS (LEMP Protection Measures System)
- complete system of protection measures for internal systems against
LEMP.

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LPZ0A
R
LPZ1

LPZ2
LPZ0B

• LPZ (Lightning Protection Zone)

- zone (area) where lightning electromagnetic environment is defined

0A Full current, full magnetic field, 0B Partial/induced current full magnetic field
1 Limited induced current damped magnetic field
2 Limited induced current, further damped magnetic field

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Coordinated SPDs
Series of SPDs installed in structure – from
heavy duty lightning current Type I SPD at
service entrance, through to overvoltage SPD
protecting terminal equipment

Each SPD should complement each other

such that LEMP effects are completely
nullified

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All above information is merely an insight into new

standard and requires a lot more in depth review

All topics discussed today are included in ABB

FURSE Guide to BS EN 62305

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ANY QUESTIONS ?

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THANK YOU!
This concludes the presentation on
BS EN 62305: An Overview

Contact: Sonal.Menachery@kw.ABB.com
+965 97116870

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