Assignment 3 – Collecting & Distribution of water and Pumps

1. For the distribution network shown below determine the flow in each pipe and the
pressure at A.

300m
Elev.
Pipe Diam.,mm Length,m
15m3/min
5m3/min P-8 P- 1 355 1000
P-2 P-5 P- 2 405 2000
250m elev.
P- 3 305 2000
P- 4 205 1000
P-1 P-4 P-7 P- 5 405 2000
P- 6 205 2000
5m3/min 10m3/min 5m3/min P- 7 205 1000
P- 8 300 150
P-3 P-6

Solution:

o Assume the discharge in each pipe and C = 100, n=1.85, for Hazen William’s Eqn.

300m
Elev.

10
15m3/min 5m3/min

250m elev.
5 5
+ +
10 5 15
LOOp 1 LOOP 2
5m3/min 10m3/min 5m3/min
5 10

From Hazen Williams Equation, Head Loss is given by:  Q  0.54

h f  L 2.63 
 0.278CD 
The Correction factor for each loop is given by:

 hf
Q  
hf
n
QO
Water Supply and urban Drainage Assignments

First Trial

Loop Pipe D,mm L ,m Q,m3/min hf, m hf /Q Q + ∆Q

P-1 355 1000 - 10 -11.90 1.19 -7.34  70.03
Q  
I P-2 405 2000 5 3.47 0.69 7.66 1.85 *14.20
First try P-3 305 2000 -5 -13.81 2.76 -2.34 Q  2.6657m 3 / min .
P-4 205 1000 -5 -47.79 9.56 -2.34
Σ -70.03 14.20
Loop Pipe D,mm L ,m Q,m3/min hf, m hf /Q Q + ∆Q
P-4 205 1000 2.34 11.71 5.01 -3.74
725.16
II P-5 405 2000 5 3.47 0.69 -1.08 Q  
1.85 * 64.57
First try P-6 205 2000 10 345.04 34.50 3.92
Q  6.0706m 3 / min .
P-7 205 1000 15 365.54 24.37 8.92
Σ 725.76 64.57

Second Trial

Loop Pipe D,mm L ,m Q,m3/min hf, m hf /Q Q + ∆Q

P-1 355 1000 - 7.34 -6.71 0.91 -8.61 25.47
Q  
I 1.85 *10.82
P-2 405 2000 7.66 7.64 1.00 6.39
second
try P-3 305 2000 - 2.34 -3.38 1.45 -3.61 Q  1.272m 3 / min .
P-4 205 1000 3.74 27.92 7.46 2.47
Σ 25.47 10.82
Loop Pipe D,mm L ,m Q,m3/min hf, m hf /Q Q + ∆Q
P-4 205 1000 -2.47 -12.95 5.24 -5.24 187.37
II Q  
P-5 405 2000 -1.08 -0.20 0.19 -3.85 1.85 * 36.62
second
try P-6 205 2000 3.92 60.91 15.54 1.15 Q  2.7657 m 3 / min .
P-7 205 1000 8.92 139.61 15.65 6.15
Σ 187.37 36.62

Third Trial

Loop Pipe D,mm L ,m Q,m3/min hf, m hf /Q Q + ∆Q

P-1 355 1000 - 8.61 -9.02 1.05 -10.20
P-2 405 2000 6.39 5.46 0.86 4.80 41.02
I Q  
Third try P-3 305 2000 - 3.61 -7.55 2.09 -5.20 1.85 * 13.94
P-4 205 1000 5.24 52.13 9.95 3.65 Q  1.5906m 3 / min .
Σ 41.02 13.94

Instructor: Zerihun Alemayehu 2

Water Supply and urban Drainage Assignments

Loop Pipe D,mm L ,m Q,m3/min hf, m hf /Q Q + ∆Q

P-4 205 1000 -3.65 -26.68 7.31 -4.69 47.59
Q  
II P-5 405 2000 -3.85 -2.14 0.56 -4.89 1.85 * 24.74
Third try P-6 205 2000 1.15 6.29 5.47 0.11 Q  1.0398m3 / min .
P-7 205 1000 6.15 70.12 11.40 5.11
Σ 47.59 24.74

Fourth Trial

Loop Pipe D,mm L ,m Q,m3/min hf, m hf /Q Q + ∆Q

P-1 355 1000 - 10.20 -12.34 1.21 -10.92
P-2 405 2000 4.8 3.22 0.67 4.08 18.48
I Q  
fourth try P-3 305 2000 - 5.20 -14.85 2.85 -5.92 1.85 *13.79
P-4 205 1000 4.69 42.45 9.05 3.97 Q  0.7244m 3 / min .
Σ 18.48 13.79

Loop Pipe D,mm L ,m Q,m3/min hf, m hf /Q Q + ∆Q

P-4 205 1000 -3.97 -31.18 7.85 -4.41
II P-5 405 2000 -4.89 -3.33 0.68 -5.33 Q  
15.33
fourth try P-6 205 2000 0.11 0.08 0.74 -0.33 1.85 * 19.01
P-7 205 1000 5.11 49.76 9.74 4.67 Q  0.4359m 3 / min .
Σ 15.33 19.01

Fifth Trial

Loop Pipe D,mm L ,m Q,m3/min hf, m hf /Q Q + ∆Q

P-1 355 1000 - 10.92 -14.00 1.28 -11.21 7.38
I P-2 405 2000 4.08 2.38 0.58 3.79 Q  
1.85 * 13.64
fifth try P-3 305 2000 - 5.92 -18.87 3.19 -6.21
Q  0.2925m 3 / min .
P-4 205 1000 4.41 37.88 8.59 4.12
Σ 7.38 13.64

Loop Pipe D,mm L ,m Q,m3/min hf, m hf /Q Q + ∆Q

P-4 205 1000 -4.12 -33.40 8.11 -4.24
4.28
II P-5 405 2000 -5.33 -3.90 0.73 -5.44 Q  
fifth try
1.85 * 19.73
P-6 205 2000 -0.33 -0.61 1.87 -0.44
Q  0.1173m 3 / min .
P-7 205 1000 4.67 42.19 9.03 4.56
Σ 4.28 19.73

Instructor: Zerihun Alemayehu 3

Water Supply and urban Drainage Assignments

Six Trial

Q + ∆Q
Loop Pipe D,mm L ,m Q,m3/min hf, m hf /Q
P-1 355 1000 -11.21 -14.70 1.31 -11.29 1.95
Q  
I P-2 405 2000 3.79 2.07 0.55 3.71 1.85 * 13.49
Six try P-3 305 2000 -6.21 -20.64 3.32 -6.29 Q  0.07814m 3 / min .
P-4 205 1000 4.24 35.22 8.31 4.16 (negligible )
Σ 1.95 13.49

Q + ∆Q 1.11
Loop Pipe D,m L ,m Q,m3/min hf, m hf /Q
Q  
P-4 205 1000 -4.16 -34.00 8.17 -4.18 1.85 * 20.18
II P-5 405 2000 -5.44 -4.06 0.75 -5.47 Q  0.02973m 3 / min
Six try P-6 205 2000 -0.44 -1.08 2.43 -0.47
(negligible )
P-7 205 1000 4.56 40.25 8.83 4.53
Σ 1.11 20.18

Final Solution

300m
Elev.
10
15m3/min 5m3/min Q
P-2 P-5 Pipe M3/min.
250m elev.
3.71 5.47 P-1 -11.29
++ ++ P-2 3.71
P-1 11.29 + 4.18 P-4 4.53 P-7 P-3 -6.29
LOOp+1 LOOP 2 P-4 -4.19
5m3/min+ 10m3/min 5m3/min P-5 -5.47
+
6.29 0.47 P-6 -0.47
P-3 P-6
P-7 4.53

Head Loss in

o Pipe P – 8 [Q = 10m3/min]
1 1
 Q  0.54  10  0.54
h f  L 2.63 
 150 *  2.63 
 4.05m
 0.278CD   60 * 0.278 *100 * 0.3 

Instructor: Zerihun Alemayehu 4

Water Supply and urban Drainage Assignments

o Pipe P – 5 [Q = 5.47m3/min]
1 1
 Q  0.54  5.47  0.54
h f  L 2.63 
 2000 *  2.63 
 17.67m
 0.278CD   60 * 0.278 *100 * 0.3 

o Pipe P - 4[Q = 4.19m3/min]

1 1
 Q  0.54  4.19  0.54
h f  L 2.63 
 1000 *  2.63 
 5.39m
 0.278CD   60 * 0.278 *100 * 0.3 

o Pressure on point C

PC  Elev . Re s.  Elev .C  h f P8  300  250  4.05  45.95m

o Pressure on point B [Assume that all pipe junctions are on the same elevation]
PB  PC  h f P 5  45.95  17.67  28.28m

o Pressure on point A

PA  PB  h fP4  28.28  5.39  22.89m  Ans.

2. The hourly water demands of a certain community on the day of maximum demand
are given in table 4.fire flow requirement is 1360m3/hr for 6 hrs with 450m3/hr from the
storage facility. The emergency reserve to compensate for power failures and other
operational problem is assumed to be 25% of the total required storage. Calculate the
total required storage if pumping period lasts for (a)24 hours and (b) 8 hours from
midnight to 8A.M.

Solution:
Time Demand,m3/hr Time Demand,m3/hr
0 1 a) Pumping period lasts for 24 hours
Midnight 0 P.M 484
1 A.M 197 2 493 10165
uniformPumpingrate   423.54m 3 per1hr
2 197 3 529 24
3 136 4 522 Volume of storage = 1345.78 + 490.66
4 144 5 622 =1836.44m3
5 227 6 697
6 302 7 756 Total Required storage = 1836.44 +
7 416 8 606
0.25*1836.44 + (6*450) =4995.55m3
8 584 9 454
9 568 10 302
10 486 11 266
0
11 472 MN 212
12 Noon 493

Instructor: Zerihun Alemayehu 5

Water Supply and urban Drainage Assignments

For 24 hr uniform For 8 hr uniform pumping

pumping [from Midnight to 8AM]
Cumulative
Cumulative Pumping Cumulative Pumping Pumping
Time Demand,m3 demand Rate,m3 Pumping ,m3 Rate,m3 ,m3

Col 6 = Col 9 =
col.1 col.2 col.3 col.4 col.5 (col 5-col3) col.7 col.8 (col 8-col3)
0 Midnight 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 A.M 197 197 423.54 423.54 226.54 1270.63 1270.625 1073.625
2 197 394 423.54 847.08 453.08 1270.63 2541.25 2147.25
3 136 530 423.54 1270.62 740.62 1270.63 3811.875 3281.875
4 144 674 423.54 1694.16 1020.16 1270.63 5082.5 4408.5
5 227 901 423.54 2117.7 1216.7 1270.63 6353.125 5452.125
6 302 1203 423.54 2541.24 1338.24 1270.63 7623.75 6420.75
7 416 1619 423.54 2964.78 1345.78 1270.63 8894.375 7275.375
8 584 2203 423.54 3388.32 1185.32 1270.63 10165 7962
9 568 2771 423.54 3811.86 1040.86 0 10165 7394
10 486 3257 423.54 4235.4 978.4 0 10165 6908
11 472 3729 423.54 4658.94 929.94 0 10165 6436
12 Noon 493 4222 423.54 5082.48 860.48 0 10165 5943
1 P.M 484 4706 423.54 5506.02 800.02 0 10165 5459
2 493 5199 423.54 5929.56 730.56 0 10165 4966
3 529 5728 423.54 6353.1 625.1 0 10165 4437
4 522 6250 423.54 6776.64 526.64 0 10165 3915
5 622 6872 423.54 7200.18 328.18 0 10165 3293
6 697 7569 423.54 7623.72 54.72 0 10165 2596
7 756 8325 423.54 8047.26 -277.74 0 10165 1840
8 606 8931 423.54 8470.8 -460.2 0 10165 1234
9 454 9385 423.54 8894.34 -490.66 0 10165 780
10 302 9687 423.54 9317.88 -369.12 0 10165 478
11 266 9953 423.54 9741.42 -211.58 0 10165 212
0 MN 212 10165 423.54 10164.96 -0.04 0 10165 0

b) Pumping period lasts 8 hours from midnight to 8A.M.

10165
Pumpingrate   1270.625m 3 per1hr
8

Storagerequired  7962m3
Emergencyr equ.  0.25 * 7962m3 / hr  1990.5m3

Firerequir ement  6 * 450m3 / hr  2700m3

Instructor: Zerihun Alemayehu 6

Water Supply and urban Drainage Assignments

Total Requirement = 7962 + 1990.5 + 2700

= 12,652.5 m3

3. A small town with a design population of 1600 is to be supplied water at 150liters per
capita per day. The demand of water during different periods is given in the following
table:

Time(hr) 0-3 3-6 6-9 9-12 12-15 15-18 18-21 21-24

Demand(1000liters) 20 25 30 50 35 30 25 25

a) Determine the capacity of a service reservoir if pumping is done 24 hours at

constant rate.

b) Eight hours from 8 hrs to 16 hrs.

c) Eight hrs from 4 hrs to 8 hrs and again 16 hours to 20hrs.

Solution: [Assume 25% emergency requirement]

Qday-avg. = 1600 * 150 = 240000 liters/day

a) The capacity of service reservoir if pumping is done 24 hrs at constant rate

Time(hr) Row 1 0-3 3-6 6-9 9-12 12-15 15-18 18-21 21-24
Demand(1000liters) Row 2 20 25 30 50 35 30 25 25
Cum.Demand(1000liters) Row 3 20 45 75 125 160 190 215 240
Pumping rate(1000liters) Row 4 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30
Cum.Pumping rate(1000liters) Row 5 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240
Row 6=
R(5)-R(3) 10 15 15 -5 -10 -10 -5 0

Volume of storage = 15 + 10 =25*103m3

Service reservoir = 25,000 + 0.25*25,000 = 31,250Litres

b) Eight hours from 8hrs to 16hrs

240,000liters
Pumpingrate   30,000liters * 4hr  120,000literesper 4hrs
8hr
Time(hr) 0-4 4-8 8 - 12 12 - 16 16 - 20 20 - 24 Total
Demand(1000liters) 28.33 36.67 60 45 36.67 33.33 240
Pumping rate(1000liters) 0 0 120 120 0 0 240
Excess m3(1000liters) 60 75 135

Service reservoir = 135,000 + 0.25*135,000 = 168,750Litres/hr

Instructor: Zerihun Alemayehu 7

Water Supply and urban Drainage Assignments

c) Eight hours from 4 hrs to 8hrs and again 16hrs to 20hrs

Time(hr) 0-4 4-8 8 - 12 12 - 16 16 - 20 20 - 24 Total

Demand(1000liters) 28.33 36.67 60 45 36.67 33.33 240
Pumping rate(1000liters) 0 120 0 0 120 0 240
Excess m3(1000liters) 83.33 83.33 166.66

Service reservoir = 166,660 + 0.25*166,660 = 208,325Litres/hr

4. Find the flow distribution in the gravity supply system through the following pipe network
shown below. use Hazen-Williams formula(c=100).if the pressure at point A is
490.5Kpa.find the pressure at points B and C.assume all pipe junctions are at the same
elevation.

250 l/s

F 2000m A 2000m
45 l/s 250mm 250mm B
45 l/s

1000m 1000m 1000m

200mm 250mm 200mm

2000m 2000m C
E 150mm D 100mm
40 l/s 80 l/s 40 l/s

Given: C = 100, PA=490.5 kpa

Required: Flow distribution and the pressure at point B and C

Instructor: Zerihun Alemayehu 8

Water Supply and urban Drainage Assignments

Solution: [n=1.85, for Hazen William’s Equation]

o Assume the discharge in each pipe

250 l/s

F 250mm,2000m A 250mm, 2000m

45 l/s 75 75 B
45 l/s
+ +
1000m 100 1000m 30 1000m
200mm 30 250mm 200mm

Loop 1 Loop 2

10 10 C
E 150mm,2000m D 100mm,2000m
40 l/s 80 l/s 40 l/s

First trial

Loop Pipe D,mm L ,m Q,L/sec hf, m hf /Q Q + ∆Q

 3.93
AF 250 2000 - 75 -29.92 0.40 -73.81 Q  
I
FE 200 1000 - 30 -8.13 0.27 -28.81
1.85 * 1.79
First try Q  1.1868L / sec .
DE 150 2000 10 8.63 0.86 11.19
AD 250 1000 100 25.48 0.25 101.19
Σ -3.93 1.79

Loop Pipe D,mm L ,m Q,L/sec hf, m hf /Q Q + ∆Q

AD 250 1000 -101.19 -26.05 0.26 -97.39  50.17
Q  
II AB 250 2000 75 29.92 0.40 78.80 1.85 * 7.14
First try BC 200 1000 30 8.13 0.27 33.80 Q  3.7982 L / sec .
DC 100 2000 -10 -62.16 6.22 -6.20
Σ -50.17 7.14

Second trial

Loop Pipe D,mm L ,m Q,L/sec hf, m hf /Q Q + ∆Q  1.70

Q  
AF 250 2000 -73.81 -29.04 0.39 -73.32 1.85 * 1.85
I
FE 200 1000 -28.81 -7.54 0.26 -28.32 Q  0.4967 L / sec .
Second
try DE 150 2000 11.19 10.62 0.95 11.68
AD 250 1000 97.39 24.26 0.25 97.88
Σ -1.70 1.85

Instructor: Zerihun Alemayehu 9

Water Supply and urban Drainage Assignments

Loop Pipe D,mm L ,m Q,L/sec hf, m hf /Q Q + ∆Q

AD 250 1000 -97.88 -24.49 0.25 -97.11  7.26
II Q  
AB 250 2000 78.80 32.78 0.42 79.56 1.85 * 5.11
Second
try BC 200 1000 33.80 10.13 0.30 34.56 Q  0.7679 L / sec .
DC 100 2000 -6.20 -25.68 4.14 -5.44
Σ -7.26 5.11

Third trial

Loop Pipe D,mm L ,m Q,L/sec hf, m hf /Q Q + ∆Q  0.34

Q  
AF 250 2000 -73.32 -28.68 0.39 -73.22 1.85 * 1.88
I FE 200 1000 -28.32 -7.30 0.26 -28.22 Q  0.0978L / sec .
Third try DE 150 2000 11.68 11.51 0.99 11.78
AD 250 1000 97.11 24.14 0.25 97.21
Σ -0.34 1.88
Loop Pipe D,mm L ,m Q,L/sec hf, m hf /Q Q + ∆Q  0.35
Q  
AD 250 1000 -97.21 -24.18 0.25 -97.17 1.85 * 4.67
II AB 250 2000 79.56 33.38 0.42 79.60 Q  0.0405L / sec .
Third try BC 200 1000 34.56 10.56 0.31 34.60
DC 100 2000 -5.44 -20.10 3.70 -5.40
Σ -0.35 4.67

Fourth trial

Loop Pipe D,mm L ,m Q,L/sec hf, m hf /Q Q + ∆Q

 0.02
AF 250 2000 -73.22 -28.61 0.39 -73.21 Q  
1.85 * 1.89
I FE 200 1000 -28.22 -7.26 0.26 -28.21
fourth try Q  0.00572 L / sec .
DE 150 2000 11.78 11.69 0.99 11.79
AD 250 1000 97.17 24.16 0.25 97.17 negligible 
Σ -0.02 1.89
Loop Pipe D,mm L ,m Q,L/sec hf, m hf /Q Q + ∆Q
AD 250 1000 -97.17 -24.16 0.25 -97.17 0.00
Q  
II AB 250 2000 79.60 33.41 0.42 79.60 1.85 * 4.65
fourth try BC 200 1000 34.60 10.59 0.31 34.60 Q  0.00
DC 100 2000 -5.40 -19.83 3.68 -5.40
Σ 0.00 4.65

Instructor: Zerihun Alemayehu 10

Water Supply and urban Drainage Assignments

Final Solution

250 l/s

F 250mm,2000m A 250mm, 2000m Pipe Q,L/sec.

45 l/s 73.21 79.60 B AF -73.21
45 l/s FE -28.21
+ + DE 11.79
1000m 97.19 1000m 34.60 1000m AD -97.19
200mm 28.21 250mm 200mm AB 79.60
BC 34.60
Loop 1 Loop 2 DC -5.40

11.79 5.40 C
E 150mm,2000m D 100mm,2000m
40 l/s 80 l/s 40 l/s

o Head Loss in Pipe AB [Q = 79.60L/sec.]

1 1
 Q  0.54  79.60  0.54
h f  L 2.63 
 2000 *  2.63 
 33.40m
 0.278CD   1000 * 0.278 *100 * 0.25 

o Head Loss Pipe BC [Q = 34.60L/sec.]

1 1
 Q  0.54  34.60  0.54
h f  L 2.63 
 1000 *  2.63 
 10.58m
 0.278CD   1000 * 0.278 * 100 * 0.2 

o Pressure on point B [Given that all pipe junctions are on the same elevation]
490.5
PB  PA  h f AB   33.40  16.6m  16.6 * 9.81  162.85Kpa  Ans
9.81
o Pressure on point C

PC  PB  h f BC  16.6  10.58  6.02m  6.02 * 9.81  59.06Kpa  Ans

PUMP
5. Water has to be supplied to a town having 100000 populations at the rate of 150l/c/d
from a treatment plant 2000m away. the difference in elevation between the lowest
water level in the clear well and the distribution reservoir is 36m.if the demand has to be
supplied in 8 hours, determine the size of the main and the brake horse power of the
pump required.asssume C = 120,design velocity=2.4m/s and pump efficiency =
80%.Neglect minor losses.

Instructor: Zerihun Alemayehu 11

Water Supply and urban Drainage Assignments

Given: Population = 100,000, per capita requirement=150l/c/d, Lpipe=2000m, h=36m,

Demand Supplied in 8 hours=120, design velocity = 2.4m/sec, pump efficiency = 80%

Required: The size of the main and the brake horse power of the pump

Solution: Neglect fire demand

 Maximum day factor and peak hour factor are 1.20 and 1.70 respectively for the
population greater than 50,000

15,000,000
QDayavg  100,000 *150  15,000,000l / d   15,000m 3 / day
1000
18,000
QDaymax  15,000 *1.20  18,000m 3 / day   0.2083m 3 / sec
86,400
25,500
Q peakhr  15,000 *1.70  25,500m 3 / day   0.295m 3 / sec
86,400
o Size of main
d 2
QDay max  VA  V *
4
4Q 4 * 0.2083
d    0.3324m  33.24cm
V 2.4 * 

o Brake horse power of the pump [Total suction head =36m]

1 1
 Q  0.54  0.295  0.54
h f  L 2.63 
 2000 *  2.63 
 67.32m
 0.278CD   0.278 *120 * 0.3324 

TDH  hs  h f  36  67.32  103.32m

Q * TDH * speificgra vity 0.295 *103.32 *10

BHP    5.08Hp
75 * 75 * 0.80
6. A centrifugal pump is to operate against a total head of 360Kpa and is to discharge
1.1m3/min.compute the waterpower and motor power assuming an efficiency of 60%.if
the efficiency of an electric motor is 85% and the cost of electricity is 20cents per
KWh,compute the monthly cost f operation if the daily flow is 750m3.

Given: Total head = 360Kpa, Q =1.1m3/min., Efficiency =60%

Required: The water power and motor power and Monthly cost of operation If the efficiency
of an electric motor =85%, cost of electricity =20cents per KWh, daily Flow =750m3
Instructor: Zerihun Alemayehu 12
Water Supply and urban Drainage Assignments

Solution:

o Water Power
1.1 360
Waterpower  WHP  Q * TDH * specificgr avity  * *10  0.6728KW
60 9.81
o Motor power

WHP 0.6728
Motorpower  BHP    1.3192 KW
 0.6 * 0.85

o Cost to pump 750m3 daily

750m 3 20cents
Costtopump 750m 3  3
* (1.3192 KW ) *  299.82cents
1.1 * 60m / hr 1KWh

o Monthly cost to pump 750m3 daily [1 month = 30days]

Monthly cost = 30*299.82cents = 8994.55 cents =8994.55 Birr  Ans.

7. Water from an obstruction well in a confined aquifer is pumped to the ground level by a
submerged borehole pump; an in-line booster pump delivers the water to a reservoir,
with the level 20m above ground level at the well site. the system’s pipe work has the
following characteristics:

System Characteristics

Discharge(L/s) 20 30 40 50 60
Head loss (m) 1.38 3.14 5.54 8.56 12.21
Pump discharge(L/s) 0 10 20 30 40
Bore hole pump head (m) 10.0 9.6 8.7 7.4 5.6
Booster pump head (m) 22.0 21.5 20.4 19.0 17.4

Aquifer and well data are as follows: the coefficient of permeability of the aquifer,K =
50m per day; the aquifer thickness=20m;the radius of the well,rW = 0.15m.

A pumping test suggested that the drawdown was 3m when the abstraction rate was
30L/s.the water table is 2m below ground level. The draw down is as follows:

Q R 
ZW  ln  O 
2kb  rW 
Where q is the abstraction rate in m3 per day, and RO is the radius of influence of the
well, which may be assumed to be linearly related to the abstraction.

Instructor: Zerihun Alemayehu 13

Water Supply and urban Drainage Assignments

Determine the maximum discharge which the combined pumps would deliver to the
reservoir.

Given: K= 50m/day = 50/ (24*60*60) = 57.87 x 10-5m/sec, b =20m, r W=0.15m, drawdown =3m,

Q =30L/sec = 30/1000=0.03m3/sec, the water table is 2m below ground level.

Required:MaximumDischarge

Solution:
 R  Z 2kb
ln  O   W
 rW  Q
 R  3 * 2 *  * 57.87 * 10 5 * 20
ln  O  
 0.15  0.03
 R 
ln  O   7.272205217
 0.15 
 
R O  e 7.272205217 0.15
R O  215.96m  216m

Since, the radius of influence linearly related to the abstraction, thus

Q RO

30L/s 216m  x= 216*20 /30 =144m,

20L/s x?

Discharge(L/s) (1) 20 30 40 50 60
Head loss (m) (2) 1.38 3.14 5.54 8.56 12.21
RO (m) (3) 144 216 288 360 432

Q R 
ZW  ln  O 
2  kb  rW 
ZW(m) (4) 1.89 3 4.16 5.35 6.57
Ground water level from the
ground level (m) (5) 2 2 2 2 2
Reservoir height from the
ground level (m) (6) 20 20 20 20 20
(7) =
Total Head (m) (2)+(4)+(5)+(6) 25.27 28.14 31.7 35.91 40.78

Since Bore hole pump and Booster pump connected in series, thus

Total Head = Bore hole pump head (m) + Booster pump head (m)

Instructor: Zerihun Alemayehu 14

Water Supply and urban Drainage Assignments

Pump Head
Pump discharge(L/s) 0 10 20 30 40
Total Head=bore hole +
booster(m) 32.0 31.1 29.1 26.4 23.0

System Head
Discharge(L/s) 20 30 40 50 60
Total Head (m) 25.27 28.14 31.7 35.91 40.78
The maximum discharge which the combined pumps would deliver to the reservoir is
36 L/s

45.0

40.0

35.0

30.0
Head,H (m)

25.0

20.0

15.0
Pump head

10.0 System head

5.0

0.0
Qmax=36 L/s
20 30 40 50 60
Discharge,Q (L/s)

8. Find the flow in each pipe line and the pressure at node JI for the system shown in Fig.
P-6.

Pipe Leng, m Dia, mm C 91.4m

P1 67.1 406 120 RB
P2 670.6 305 120 P3
P3 304.8 305 120 J1 Elev.45.7m

P2 Q=21.2 l/sec

P
P1
31.8m H[m]=68.58 - 639.66Q1.5; Q[ m3/s]
RA

Instructor: Zerihun Alemayehu 15

Water Supply and urban Drainage Assignments

Solution:

TDH = HS + hLS + hLd

HS = 91.4 – 31.8 = 59.6m

Head loss suction side [hLS]

1.85 1.85
10.68L  Q  10.68 * 67.1  Q 
hLS  4.866    *   8.19Q1.85
D C  0.406 4.866  120 

Head loss discharge side [hLd]

10.68 * 670.6  304.8  Q 

1.85 1.85
10.68L  Q 
hLd  4.866    *   479.36Q1.85
D C  0.305 4.866  120 

TDH = HS + hLS + hLd =59.6 + 8.19Q1.85 + 479.36Q1.85 = 59.6 + 487.55 Q1.85

Since TDH and the head delivered by the pump has to be the same

59.6 + 487.55 Q1.85 = 68.58 - 639.66Q1.5

68.58 – 59.6 =487.55 Q1.85 + 639.66Q1.5

8.98 = 487.55 Q1.85 + 639.66Q1.5

Using trial and error procedure

Q =0.0497m3/sec = 49.7 l/sec

Computation of discharge in each pipe

The head loss in the suction pipe P1

hLS  8.19Q1.85  8.19 * (0.0497)1.85  0.0317m

Discharge in pipe P1

0.54 0.54
 hf   0.0317 
Q  0.278CD    0.278 *120 * 0.406    0.04986m 3 / sec  49.86l / sec
2.63 2.63

 L  67.1 

The head loss in the discharge pipe P2

10.68 * 670.6  0.0497 

1.85 1.85
10.68L  Q 
hLd  4.866    *   1.277m
D C  0.305 4.866  120 

Instructor: Zerihun Alemayehu 16

 Water Supply and urban Drainage Assignments

Discharge in pipe P1
0.54 0.54
 hf   1.277 
Q  0.278CD    0.278 *120 * 0.305    0.04988m 3 / sec  49.88l / sec
2.63 2.63

 L  67.1 

The head loss in the discharge pipe P3

10.68 * 304.8  0.0497 

1.85 1.85
10.68L  Q 
hLd     *   0.5804m
D 4.866  C  0.305 4.866  120 

Discharge in pipe P3
0.54
 hf   Q 
Q  0.278CD 2.63
   
 L  1000 
0.54
 0.5804   21.2 
Q  0.278 *120 * 0.305      0.02869m / sec  28.69l / sec
2.63 3

 304.8   1000 

Assignment 4 – Waste Water and Storm water Collection System

1. A 54 hectare drainage basin containing 26hecare of residential area,with an aveage of
8 dwelling units per hectare with 4 residents each,20hectare parcel zoned commercial
area and 8 hectare open area.

Waste water generation data

Residential = 120L/resident/day

Commercial = 16200L/hec/day

PeakI & I allowance = 9000L/hectare/day

For the waste water flow data given above determine

a) The average daily flow (ADF) from residential and commercial area.

b) The peak design flow(PDF)for a sewer serving this area taking peaking factor of 4

c) The diameter of the sewer for the above PDF if the ground slope is 1

Given: A tot =54ha, ACommercial=26ha, open area = 8ha

Aresidential=26ha, with an average of 8dwellings units per hectare with 4 residents each

Waste water generation data: Resident = 120l/resident/day, Commercial = 16200l/ha/day,

Peak I & I allowance = 9000l/ha/day,

Instructor: Zerihun Alemayehu 17
Water Supply and urban Drainage Assignments

Solution:

a) ADF of residential area = 26ha*8Du/ha *4res/Du *120l/res/day =99840l/day = 99.84m3/day

ADF of Commercial area = 20ha*16200l/ha/day=324,000l/day = 324m3/day

ADF from Res. &Comm. area = 99.84 + 324 = 423.84 m3/day

b) PDF = PF*ADF +allowance = 4*423.84 + 9*54 =2181.36 m3/day = 0.02525 m3/sec =1.515 m3/min

c) Enter the monograph with Q = 1.515 m3/min and s = 0.01

I read D =179mm  take standard diameter of 150mm,but to have a capacity of 1.515

m3/min ,the slope has to be steepest i.e. s =0.03

Therefore select larger diameter D = 200mm at s =0.01, Qf =2 m3/min and Vf = 1.07m/sec

 With q/ Qf =1.515/2 = 75.75%, From partial flow diagram,d/D =65% = 0.65

 d = D*0.65 = 200*0.65 = 130mm of depth of flow

 With d/D =65% = 0.65, from partial flow diagram, v/Vf = 110% = 1.1

 v = 1.1* Vf =1.1*1.07 = 1.177m/sec. > Vmin = 0.6m/sec  no problem of sedimentation

Therefore, select D =200m, for slope = 0.01 =1%

2. Using the rational method, compute the design flow and required pipe diameter for the
outfall sewer shown in the figure for a 5-year storm. Take i = 1500/ (t+15) where t is in
min. and i in mm/hr for 5-year return period rainfall intensity. Take travel time of 5min
between the inlets and ground slope of 0.5%.

Given: For 5 –year storm and 5-yr return period

1500
i t is in min and i is in mm/hr
t  15
Travel time between inlets = 5min
Area 1
Ground slope = 0.5% = 0.005 Outfall Area 2 A1 =3ha
Sewer A2 =4ha A C1 = 0.6
Required: -Design flow Q te1 = 6
min
-Required pipe diameter for the outfall sewer B C2 = 0.5
te2 = 7
Solution: min

Upstream area [Manhole A]

tC =te1 = 6min, A1 =3ha, C1 = 0.6

1500 CiA 0.6 * 71.43 * 3
i  71.43mm / hr Q   0.35715m 3 / sec
6  15 360 360
Downstream area [Manhole B] n

A =A1 + A2 = 4 + 3 =7ha
 C A 0.6 * 3  0.5 * 4
i i
C 
i 1
n
 0.543
A
7
i
Instructor: Zerihun Alemayehu i 1
18
Water Supply and urban Drainage Assignments

tC ,time from 1 →A → B = te1 + tf = 6 + 5 = 11min tC = 11min [max]

tC ,time from 2 → B = te2 = 7min

1500
i  57.69mm / hr
11  15
CiA 0.543 * 57.69 * 7
Q   0.609m 3 / sec  36.55m 3 / min
360 360

Therefore, design flow of out fall sewer is Q = 36.55m3/min.

Enter the monograph with Q = 36.55 m3/min and s = 0.005

I read D =685mm  take standard diameter of 700mm,but to have a capacity of 1.515 m3/min
,the slope has to be steepest i.e. s =0.0041

Therefore select larger diameter D = 700mm at s =0.004, Qf =40 m3/min and Vf = 1.71m/sec

 With q/ Qf =36.55/40 = 98.82%, From partial flow diagram,d/D =74.6% = 0.746

 d = D*0.746 = 700*0.746 = 522.2mm of depth of flow

 With d/D =74.6% = 0.746, from partial flow diagram, v/Vf = 112.5% = 1.125

 v = 1.125* Vf =1.71*1.71 = 1.92m/sec. > Vmin = 0.6m/sec  no problem of sedimentation

Therefore, select D =200mm, slope s = 0.005

3. Design the two sewer reaches shown below in figure 2.the design flow for reach 1 is
40L/s and for reach 2 it is 80L/s. use a minimum cover of 2m.sketch a profile of the street
and sewer.

Reach 1,Q = 40L/s Reach 2,Q = 80L/s

MH 1 MH 2 MH 3
Ground Elev. 80m Ground 100m Ground Elev.
350.0m Elev.347.87m 347.0m

Given; Reach 1, Q =40L/sec, Reach 2, Q = 80L/sec, min.cover = 2m

Required; Sketch the profile of street and sewer

Solution:

Reach 1
Q = 40l/sec = 2.4m3/min S = (350 - 347.87)/80 = 0.026625

Enter the monograph with Q = 2.4 m3/min and s = 0.026625

Instructor: Zerihun Alemayehu 19

Water Supply and urban Drainage Assignments

I read D =179mm  take standard diameter of 200mm,but to have a capacity of 2.4 m3/min
,the slope has to be gentle i.e. s =0.0135

Therefore select larger diameter D = 700mm at s =0.004, Qf =40 m3/min and Vf = 1.71m/sec

If s =0.0135, the rise in height = 0.0135*80 = 1.08m

Difference in ground elevation between two manhole = 350 – 347.87 = 2.13m

Cover = 2.13 – 1.08 = 1.05m < min.cover = 2m not OK!

Therefore with min.cover=2m, fix s =0.0275 and D= 200mm

Enter the monograph with s = 0.0275 and D = 200mm Qf =3.65m3/min and Vf = 1.80m/sec

 With q/ Qf =2.4/3.65 = 65.75%, From partial flow diagram, d/D =58.5% = 0.585

 d = D*0.585 = 200*0.585 = 117mm of depth of flow

 With d/D =58.5% = 0.585, from partial flow diagram, v/Vf = 106.5% = 1.065

 v = 1.065* Vf =1.71*1.80 = 1.92m/sec. > Vmin = 0.6m/sec  no problem of sedimentation

Therefore, select D =200mm, slope s = 0.005

Invert Elevation
Manhole 1

Invert Elev. = ground elev. – Cover – pipe diameter

= 350.0 – 2 – 0.2 = 347.8m

Manhole 1

Invert Elev. = Invert pipe Elev.at MH 1 – fall of sewer

= 347.8 – (0.0275*80) = 345.6m

Reach 2
Q = 80l/sec = 4.8m3/min S = (347.87 - 347.00)/100 = 0.0087

Enter the monograph with Q = 4.8 m3/min and s = 0.0087

I read D =440mm and V = 0.54m/sec,

 Cover = 347.87 - 347.00= 0.87m < min.cover = 2m not OK! And

V=1.92m/sec. > Vmin = 0.6m/sec  problem of sedimentation

Therefore, to get min cover =2m and to resolve problem of sedimentation use D=450mm and S =0.008

 Enter the monograph with s = 0.0275 m3/min and D = 450mm Qf =15m3/min and Vf = 1.62m/sec

Instructor: Zerihun Alemayehu 20

Water Supply and urban Drainage Assignments

 With q/ Qf =4.8/15 = 32%, From partial flow diagram, d/D =40% = 0.4

 d = D*0.4 = 450*0.4 = 180mm of depth of flow

 With d/D =40% = 0.4, from partial flow diagram, v/Vf = 90% = 0.90

 v = 0.90* Vf = 0.9*1.62 = 1.46m/sec. > Vmin = 0.6m/sec  no problem of sedimentation

Therefore, select D =450mm, slope s = 0.008

Invert Elevation
Since, size of pipe of reach 1 and reach 2 are different.Therefore, the crown of reach 1 should
be at the same elevation with the pipe crown elevation of reach 2.

Crown elev.at reach 1 pipe = invert Elev.of reach 1 pipe + pipe diameter

= 345.6 + 0.2 = 345.8m

Manhole 2

Invert Elev. = Crown elev.at reach 1 pipe – pipe diameter

= 345.8 – 0.45 = 345.35m

Manhole 3

Invert Elev. = Invert Elev.at MH 2 – fall of sewer

= 345.35 – (0.008*100) = 344.55m

Check min.cover = Ground elev.at MH3 – crown Elev.at MH3 347 – (344.55+0.45) =2m  OK!

Profile of street and sewer

MH1 Ground Elev.=350.0m

MH2 GroundElev.=347.87m

MH3 Ground Elev.=347.0m

D=200mm
s= 0.0275
Invert elev.= 347.8m Crown Elev.=345.8m

Invert elev.= 345.6m s= 0.008

D=450mm

Invert elev.= 345.35 m

Invert elev.= 344.55 m

Instructor: Zerihun Alemayehu 21

Water Supply and urban Drainage Assignments

4. Given: 100 person per hectare, Sewage contribution per capita = 375L/d,

Infiltration component =2270 L/ha/d, Minimum diameter = 200mm, n = 0.013

Required: Design the sewer system

Solution: refer figure on the question paper for manhole locations, area and street elevations data

Assumptions

o Per hectare flow is the same

o Cumulative water shed area enter upstream manhole is 35ha

o Peak factor is calculated using the formula PF  15.05Q 0.167

Residential flow = 100 * 375 =37500 L/ha/d

Infiltration = 2270 L/ha/d

DWF = 37500 + 2270 = 39770 L/ha/d

PF  15.05Q 0.167  15.05 * 39770 0.167  2.57

PWF = 2.57*39770 = 102208.9 L/ha/d= 0.07098m3/min/ha

See Table 4 -1 for Calculation of Sewage Flows and

See Table 4 - 2 for Calculation of Pipe sizes and Velocities

Remarks:

o The pipe sizes which I read it from the monograph (column 7, Table 4- 2) are modified to
the next largest standard pipe size or to a size that accommodates the design flow at a
desired depth. These selected sizes are entered in column 9 of Table 4- 2.

o Note that: For the range of pipe sizes encountered in this problem, a desirable depth of
flow is normally from about half to three-fourths full. Many of the 200mm.minimum
diameter pipes, because of the low flows carried, have the design flow depth that are
less than half the maximum depth. this can not be avoided and does not create a
problem as long as cleansing velocities are maintained (all velocities are greater than
0.6m/sec)

Instructor: Zerihun Alemayehu 22

Water Supply and urban Drainage Assignments

5. Given: 10-yr frequency rainfall, i = 180mm/hr, length of Mh 9 to Mh 10 = 55m,

The rest are measured accordingly

Required: Design a storm drainage system to carry flows from the eight inlet area given in the fig.4

Solution: Refer figure on the question paper

Assumptions

o Assume a 5min.inlet time

o By assumptions clay soil to be predominant in the area, Appropriate c value are

assumed

o Street slope is assumed

Table 5-1 Required storm water Inlet Capacities

Col.1 Col.2 Col.3 Col.4 Col.5 Col.6= (3*4*5)/6

Rainfall
Area intensity i Q=CIA/6
3
Inlet Designation Area (ha) C (mm/hr) (m /min)
I-1 O 0.40 0.57 180 6.84
I-2 H 2.25 0.35 180 23.63
I-3 M 2.75 0.40 180 33.00
I-4 N 1.27 0.40 180 15.24
I-5 D 2.66 0.40 180 31.92
I-6 C 3.19 0.38 180 36.37
I-7 A 1.93 0.37 180 21.42
I-8 B 1.34 0.42 180 16.88

Remarks:

o Beginning at the upstream end of the system, compute the discharge to be carried by
each successive length of pipe, moving downstream. These calculations are
summarized in Table 5-2.

o Note that: at each point down stream where a new flow is introduced, a new time of
concentration must be determined as well as new values of c and drainage area size.
As the upstream inlet areas are combined to produce a larger tributary area at some
design point, a revised C values representing these combined areas must be obtained.

For example, in the computation of the flow to be carried by the pipe from M-9 to M-8, the
tributary area is A + B + c = 6.46ha, and the composite value of C will be
Instructor: Zerihun Alemayehu 23
Water Supply and urban Drainage Assignments

C
Ca i i

0.37 *1.93  0.42 *1.34  0.38 * 3.19
 0.38
a i 6.46

o At the design location the value of tC will be equal to the inlet time at I-8 plus the pipe
flow time from I-8 to M-9(see table 5-2).

o Using the computed discharge values, select tentative pipe sizes(from Manning
Monograph) for the approximate slopes given in column 8 of Table 5-2.Once the pipe
sizes are known, the flow velocities between input locations can be
determined.Normally,these velocities are approximated by computing the full-flow
velocities for maximum discharge at the specified grade.

o These velocities are then used to compute channel flow time for estimating the time of
concentration by using the formula

S
tf 
V * 60

Instructor: Zerihun Alemayehu 24