Unit - 9

IONIC EQUILBRIUM
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. Which one of the following is the best conductor of electricity?

(a) 1M HCl (b) 1MH2CO3 (c) 1MH3PO4 (d) 1MH2SO4

2. The correct expression for Ostwald’s dilution law is

2 2 2
(b) K a    V (c) K a  (d) K a 
2
(a) K a  .
V 1   V 1   C
3. For a weak base, the concentration of OH - at concentration C of base would
be (dissociation constant = Kb)
(a) K b /C (b) K b /C (c) K b  C (d) C/K b .

4. Which one of the following is dibasic acid ?

(a) H3PO4 (b) H3PO3 (c) H3BO3 (d) H3ASO4.

5. Which of the following is a base according to Lowry-Bronsted concept?

(a) I (b) H3O+ (c) HCl (d) NH+4
6. According to Lowry- Bronsted concept, which one of the following is
considered as an acid?
(a) H3O+ (b) BF3 (c) OH (d) Cl  .

7. The conjugate acid of NH2 is

(a) NH4 (b) NH3 (c) N2H4 (d) NH2OH

8. Conjugate base of Hydrazoic acid is

(a) HN3 (b) N2 (c) N31 (d) N-3.

9. According to Bronsted concept, the acids in the following reaction

NH3  H2O  NH4  OH are
(a) NH3 and NH4 (b) H2O and OH (c) H2O and NH4 (d) NH3 and OH

10. The conjugate bases in the following reaction

H2SO4  H2O  H3O  HSO4 are
(a) H2O,H3O (b) HSO4 ,H2O (c) H3O ,H2SO4 (d) H2SO4 ,HSO4

11. CH3COO ion is a

(a) weak conjugate base (b) strong conjugate base
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 (c) weak conjugate acid (d) strong conjugate acid

12. According to Bronsted Lowry concept, the relative strengths of the bases
CH3COO , OH- and Cl- are in the order:
(a) OH  CH3COO  Cl  (b) Cl   OH  CH3COO
(c) CH3COO  OH  Cl  (d) OH  Cl  CH3COO

13. The correct order of acidic strength is

(a) HCl  H2CO3  CH3COOH (b) HCl  CH3COOH  H2CO3
(c) H2CO3  HCl  CH3COOH (d) CH3COOH  HCl  H2CO3

14. Which one of the following solutions contains the highest concentration of
hydronium ion?
(a) 0.1 M HBr (b) 0.1 M HCl (c) 0.1 MHI (d) 0.1 M HF

15. Which of the following is the weakest?

(a) C6H5NH2 : K b  3.8  1010 (b) NH4OH : K b  1.6  10 5
(c) C2H5NH2 : k b  5.6  10 4 (d) C9H7N : k b  6.3  1010

16. Which of the following is not as Lewis base?

(a) CN (b) ROH (c) NH3 (d) AlCl3

17. Which of the following is Lewis acid?

(a) H2O (b) SnCl4 (c) C2H5OH (d) Cl 
18. EDTA is a/an
(a) Arrhenius acid (b) Bronsted base
(c) Lewis base (d) All of the above

19. The pH range for phenolphthalein is

(a) 3.2 - 4.5 (b) 4.5 - 6.5 (c) 5.5 - 7.4 (d) 8.0 - 10.0

20. Ionic product of water is 1.0  10 14 at 25o C . This is so

(a) only for water (b) only for acidic solution
(c) only for basic solution (d) for all the three above.

21. The units of ionic product of water (Kw) are

(a) mol-1 L-1 (b) mol-2 L-2 (c) mol-2 L-1 (d) mol2 L-2

22. Three solutions A,B and C are prepared by adding NaCl, NaOH and HCl acid
respectively. Then ionic product of water will
(a) increase in A, decrease in B and C
(b) increase in B, decrease in A and C
(c) increase in C, decrease in A And B
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 (d) remain the same in all the three.

23. On adding ammonia to water,

(a) ionic product will increase (b) ionic product will decrease
(c) [H3O+] will increase (d) [H3O+] will decrease

24. On adding a few drops of H2SO4 to water

(a) ionic product will increase (b) ionic product will decrease

(c) [OH ] will increase (d) [OH ] will decrease

25. The pH of a solution is equal to

1 1
(a) log [H+] (b)  log + (c)  (d) log [H+ ]
[H ] [H ]
26. pH of a 1000 cc solution is 2. It will not change if
(a) 100 cc of water is added to it
(b) 100 cc of 0.1 M HCl is added to it
(c) 100 cc of N/100 HCl is added to it
(d) 1 cc of 0.1 M HCl is added to it.

27. The pH value of 10-3 M aqueous solution of NaCl is

(a) 7 (b) 3 (c) 11 (d) 14

28. Which of the following would be an acidic solution?

(a) Solution having hydrogen ion concentration of 10 -7 M
(b) Solution having hydrogen ion concentration of 10 -13 M
(c) Solution having hydrogen ion concentration of 10 -2 M
(d) Solution having hydrogen ion concentration of 10 -12 M
29. The tears coming out of a person’s eye have a pH of
(a) 7.0 (b) 7.4 (c) 4.6 (d) 6.4

30. The sum of pH and pOH in aqueous solution at 25 0C is equal to

(a) 7 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) pKw.

31. pOH of water is 7.0 at 298 K. If water is heated to 350 K, which of the
following would be true?
(a) pOH will decrease (b) pOH will increase
(c) pOH will remain seven
(d) Concentration Of H+ ions will increase but that of OH- will decrease.
32. The pKa of a weak acid is equal to
1 1 1
(a) log Ka (b) (c)  log (d) log
log k a ka ka

33. The pKa of an acid whose ionisation constant, K a 1  1010 is

(a) 10 (b) 4 (c) -10 (d) -4
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34. Which is the correct representation for the solubility product constant of
Ag2CrO4 ?
2
(a)  Ag   CrO24   (b) [2Ag  ][CrO24 ]
(c) 2Ag  CrO4 
 2
(d) [2Ag  ]2[CrO24 ]

35. When HCl gas is passed through a saturated solution of common salt, pure
NaCl is precipitated because
(a) the impurities dissolve in HCl
(b) HCl is highly soluble in water
(c) The ionic product of [Na+] [ Cl  ] exceeds the solublility product of NaCl
(d) The solubility product of NaCl is lowered by Cl  from aqueous HCl.

36. If the solubility of Ag2CrO4 is S mole/litre. Its solubility product is

(a) S2 (b) S3 (c) 4S3 (d) 2S3

37. If the solubility of lithium sodium hexafluoroaluminate, Li 3Na3 (AlF6)2 is ‘a’

mole/litre, the solubility product is equal to
(a) a8 (b) 12a3 (c) 18a3 (c) 2916 a8

38. In which of the following solvents will AgBr have highest solubility ?
(a) 10-3 M NaBr (b) 10-3 M NH4OH
(c) Pure water (d) 10-3 M HBr.

39. If S1, S2, S3 and S4 are the solubilities of AgCl in water, in 0.01 M CaCl 2 in
0.01 M NaCl and in 0.05 MAgNO3 respectively at a certain temperature, the
correct order of solubilites is
(a) S1 > S2 >S3 > S4 (b) S1 > S3 >S2 > S4
(c) S1 > S2 = S3 > S4 (d) S1 > S3 >S4 > S2

40. Which of the following solution acts as a buffer?

(a) HCl  NaCl (b) NaOH+ NaCl
(c) CH3COOH  CH3COONa (d) HCOOH  HCOONH4

41. Which buffer solution comprising of the following has its pH value greater
than 7:
(a) CH3COOH + CH3 COONa (b) HCOOH + HCOOK
(c) CH3COONH4 (d) NH4OH+NH4Cl.

42. pH of an acid buffer is given by

 salt   salt 
(a) pH = pK a + log (b) pH = pK a - log
 Acid  Acid 
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 1  salt   Acid 
(c) pH = pK a + log (d) pH = log K a + log
2  Acid   salt 
43. Which of the following substances on dissolving in water will give a basic
solution?
(a) Na2CO3 (b) Al2(SO4)3 (c) NH4Cl (d) KNO3

44. Which of the following salt undergoes hydrolysis?

(a) KCl (b) K2SO4 (c) NaNO3 (d) K2C2O4
45. On dissolving a salt in water (pH=7), the pH of the solution was found to be
greater than 7. It must be salt of
(a) strong acid, weak base (b) weak acid, strong base
(c) strong acid, strong base (d) weak acid, weak base.

46. For the salt of weak acid and strong base, the hydrolysis constant is given
by the expression
Kw Kw Kw
(a) K h  (b) K a  (c) K b  K a (d) K h 
Kb KaK b Ka

47. Which of the following relations is correct for degree of hydrolysis of

CH3COONH4 ?
kh ka Kh KaKb
(a) h  (b) h  (c) h  (d) h 
c kb KaKb Kh

48. Which one of the following statements is incorrect?

(a) In Group II of analysis, the solution is acidified before passing H 2S to
decreases S2- ion conc.
(b) In Group IV, the solution is made ammoniacal before passing H 2S to
increase S2- ion concentration
(c) Solubility products to sulphides of Group II radicals are higher than
those of Group IV radicals
(d) Solubility product can be calculated from the concentrations of the ions
only if the solution is saturated.
49. During the precipitation of third group of qualitative analysis, ammonium
chloride is added before adding ammonium hydroxide. The function of NH 4Cl
is to
(a) increase the ionisation of NH4OH
(b) supress the ionisation of NH4OH
(c) convert the ions of group third into their respective chlorides
(d) stabilise the hydroxides of Group III cations

50. At 90ºC, pure water has [H3O+] =10-6 mol L-1. What is the value of K w at 90º C
?
(a) 10-6 (b) 10-12 (c) 10-14 (d) 10-8
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51. A mixture of a weak acid (say acetic acid) and its salt with a strong base (say
sodium acetate) is a buffer solution. Which other pair of substances from the
following may have a similar property?
(a) HCl and NaCl (b) NaOH and NaNO3
(c) KOH and KCl (d) NH4OH and NH4Cl

52. Which of the following salts undergoes anionic hydrolysis?

(a) CuSO4 (b) NH4Cl (c) FeCl3 (d) Na2CO3
53. Which of the following is most soluble?

(a) Bi2S3 K sp  1  10
17
 
(b) MnS K sp  7  10
16


(c) CuS K sp  8 10
37
 (d) Ag S  K
2 sp  6  10 51 
54. The best indicator for the detection of end point in titration of a weak acid
and a strong base is
(a) Methyl orange (3 to 4) (b) Methyl red (5 to 6)
(c) Bromothymol blue (6 t0 7.5) (d) Phenolphthalein (8 to 9.6).

55. The compound whose 0.1 M solution is basic is

(a) Ammonium acetate (b) Ammonium chloride
(c) Ammonium sulphate (d) Sodium acetate.

56. The term pH comes from

(a) pure hydrogen content
(b) “potenz de hydrogen” which implies potential of hydrogen
(c) purity of hydrogen ions in solution
(d) name of the scientist associated.

57. When equal volumes of the following solutions are mixed, precipitation of

AgCl K sp  1.8 10
10

will occur only with
(a) 104 M Ag  and104 M Cl  (b) 105 M Ag  and 105 M Cl 
(c) 106 M Ag  and 106 MCl  (d) 1010 M Ag  and 1010 M Cl 

58. The pKa of acetyl salicyclic acid (aspirin) is 3.5. The pH of gastric juice in
human stomach is about 2-3 and pH in the small intestine is about 8.
Aspirin will be
(a) unionised in the small intestine and in the stomach
(b) completely ionised in the small intestine and in the stomach
(c) ionised in the stomach and almost unionised in the small intestine
(d) ionised in the small intestine and almost unionised in the stomach.

59. The compound whose water solution has the highest pH is

(a) NaCl (b) NaHCO3 (c) Na2CO3 (d) NH4Cl.
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60. The acidic buffer solution can be prepared by mixing solutions of
(a) Sodium acetate and acetic acid
(b) Ammonium chloride and ammonium hydroxide
(c) Sulphuric acid and sodium sulphate
(d) Sodium chloride and sodium hydroxide.

61. Amongst the following hydroxides, the one which has the lowest value of K sp
at ordinary temperature (about 25º C) is
(a) Mg(OH)2(b) Ca(OH)2 (c) Ba(OH)2 (d) Be(OH)2.

62. Out of Ca2+, Al3+, Bi3+, Mg2+ and Zn2+ the reagents NH4Cl and aqueous NH3
will precipitate
(a) Ca2+, Al3+ (b) Al3+, Bi3+ (c) Bi3+, Mg2+ (d) Mg2+, Zn2+

63. The pH of the neutralisation point of 0.1 N ammonium hydroxide with 0.1 N
HCl is
(a) 1 (b) 6 (c) 7 (d) 9.

64. Aqueous solution of acetic acid contains

(a) CH3COO- and H+ (b) CH3COO-, H3O+ and CH3COOH
(c) CH3COO-, H3O+ and H+ (d) CH3COOH, CH3COO- and H+

65. The following equilibrium is established when hydrogen chloride is dissolved

is acetic acid HCl+CH3COOH  Cl-+ CH3COOH2+
The set that characterises the conjugate acid-base pairs is
(a) (HCl,CH3COOH)and (CH3COOH2 , Cl  )
(b) (HCl,CH3COOH2 )and (CH3COOH, Cl  )
(c) (CH3COOH2 ,HCl)and (Cl  ,CH3COOH)
(d) (HCl,Cl  )and (CH3COOH2 ,CH3COOH)
66. 
The precipitate of CaF2 K sp = 1.7  10
-10

is obtained when equal volumes of
the following are mixed
(a) 104 MCa 3  104 MF  (b) 102 MCa 2  10 3 MF 
(c) 105 MCa 2  10 3 MF  (d) 103 MCa 2  105 MF 

67. 0.1 M solution of which one of these substances will react basic?
(a) Sodium borate (b) Ammonium chloride
(c) Calcium nitrate (d) Sodium sulphate.

68. What is the decreasing order of strength of the bases OH ,

NH-2 ,H  C  C and CH3  CH2 ?
(a) CH3  CH2  NH2  H  C  C   OH

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 (b) H  C  C   CH3  CH2  NH2  OH
(c) OH  NH2  H  C  C   CH3  CH2
(d) NH2  H  C  C   OH  CH3  CH2 .

69. In which of the following, the solubility of AgCl will be maximum?

(a) 0.1 M NaNO3 (b) Water (c) 0.1 M NaCl (d) 0.1 M NaBr.

70. The correct order of increasing [H3O ] in the aqueous solution is

(a) 0.01 MH2S < 0.01 MH2SO4 < 0.01 MNaCl < 0.01 M NaNO2
(b) 0.01 M NaCl  0.01 M NaNO2  0.01M H2S  0.01 M H2SO4
(c) 0.01 MNaNO2  0.01 M NaCl  0.01MH2S  0.01 MH2SO4
(d) 0.01 M H2S  0.01 M NaNO2  EMBED Equation.DSMT4
0.01MNaCl  0.01MH2SO4.

71. The solubility of AgBrO 3 in an aqueous solution of NaBrO 3 (as compared to

that in water) is
(a) the same (b) more (c) less
(d) Unpredicatable due to a new chemical reaction.

72. Choose the solution with lowest pH value

(a) CaCO3 (b) CH3COONa (c) Ca(OH)2 (d) CaCl2.

73. When NaCl is added to the reaction mixture of an oil and caustic soda, the
soap is thrown out because
(a) NaCl is an ionic compound
(b) Soap is insoluble in the presence of chloride ions
(c) The solubility product of NaCl decreases in the presence of soap
(d) The solubility of the soap is exceeded due to the increased concentration
of Na+ ions.
74. Which equilibrium can be described as an acid-base reaction using the
Lewis acid- base definition, but not using
Bronsted –Lowry definition?
(a) NH3  CH3COOH  CH3COO  NH4
(b) H2O  CH3COOH  H3O  CH3COO
2 2
(c) 4NH3  Cu  H2O  4   Cu  NH3  4   4H2O
(d) 2NH3  H2SO4  2NH4  SO24 .

75. Sodium carbonate cannot be used in place of ammonium carbonate for the
identification of the fifth group radicals. This is because the
(a) sodium ions will interfere in the detection of the fifth group radicals
(b) concentration of carbonate ions is very low
(c) sodium will react with acidic radicals
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 (d) magnesium will be precipitated.

76. The pH of blood does not appreciably change by a small addition of acid or a
base because blood
(a) contains serum protein which acts as buffer
(b) contains iron as a part of the molecule
(c) can be easily coagulated (d) is body fluid.

77. The solubility of calcium phosphate in water is x mol L -1 at 250C. Its

solubility product is equal to
(a) 108x2 (b) 36x3 (c) 36x5 (d) 108x5

78. Silver nitrate solution is gradually added to an aqueous solution containing

0.01 M each of chloride, bromide and iodide ions. The correct sequence in
which the halides will be precipitated is
(a) Br  ,Cl  ,I (b) I ,Cl  ,Br  (c) I ,Br  ,Cl  (d) Br  ,I ,Cl  .

79. The Ksp of CuS, Ag2S and HgS are 10-31,10-44 and 10-54 respectively
The solubility of these sulphides are in the order
(a) Ag2S >CuS >HgS (b) AgS > HgS >CuS
(c) HgS >Ag2S > CuS (d) CuS >Ag2S >HgS.

80. A physician wishes to prepare a buffer solution at pH=3.58 that efficiently

resists a change in pH yet contain only small conc. of the buffering agents.
Which one of the following weak acid together with its sodium salt would be
best to use?
(a) m-Chloro benzoic acid (pKa=3.98)
(b) p-Chlorocinnamic acid (pKa = 4.41)
(c) 2,5-dihydroxy benzoic acid (pKa = 2.97)
(d) Acetoacetic acid (pKa =3.58).
81. In the reaction I2  I  I3
the Lewis base is
(a) I2 (b) I (c) I3 (d) None

82. Which of the following on reaction with H 2S does not produce metallic
sulphide?
(a) CdCl2 (b) ZnCl2 (c) COCl2. (d) CuCl2

83. What is the value of Ksp for PbCl2?

(a) [Pb2 ][2Cl  ]2 (b) [Pb ]/[2Cl  ]2 (c) [Pb2 ][Cl ]2 (d) [Pb2 ]/[Cl  ]2

84. 1 M NaCl and 1 MHCl are present in an aqueous solution. The solution is
(a) not a buffer solution with pH < 7
(b) not a buffer solution with pH > 7
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 (c) a buffer solution with pH < 7 (d) a buffer solution with pH > 7

85. Species acting both as Bronsted acid and base is

(a) (HSO4)-1 (b) Na2CO3 (c) NH3 (d) OH-1
86. How do we differentiate between Fe3+ and Cr3+ in group III ?
(a) by taking excess of NH4OH
(b) by increasing NH4+ion concentration
(c) by decreasing OH ion concentration
(d) both (b) and (c)

87. Which one of the following is NOT a buffer solution?


(a) 0.8 MH2S + 0.8 M KHS (b) 2 M C6H5NH2  2MC6H5 NH3 Br 
(c) 3 M H2CO3 + 3 M KHCO3 (d) 0.05 MKClO4 + 0.05 MHClO4

88. In which of the following acid-base titration,pH is greater than 8 at the

equivalence point?
(a) Acetic acid versus ammonia
(b) Acetic acid versus sodium hydroxide
(c) Hydrochloric acid versus ammonia
(d) Hydrocholric acid versus sodium hydroxide

89. Which one of the following statements is not true?

(a) pH+ pOH=14 for all aqueous solutions
(b) The pH of 10-8 M HCl is 8
(c) 96,500 coulombs of electricity when passed through a CuSO 4 solution
deposites 1 gram equivalent of copper at the cathode
(d) The conjugate base of H2PO4 is HPO2- 4
90. When rain is accompanied by a thunderstorm, the collected rain water will
have pH value
(a) slightly higher than that when the thunderstorm is not there
(b) uninfluenced by occurrence of thunderstorm
(c) which depends on the amount of dust in air
(d) slightly lower than that of rain water without thunderstorm

91. A solution which is 10-3 M each in Mn2 ,Fe2 , Zn2 and Hg2+ is treated with
10-16 M sulphide ion. If K sp of MnS, FeS, ZnS and HgS are 10 -15, 10-23, 10-20,
and 10-54 respectively, which one will precipitate first ?
(a) FeS (b) MgS (c) HgS (d) ZnS

92. The hydrogen ion concentration of 0.2 N CH 3COOH which is 40% dissociated
is
(a) 0.08 N (b) 0.12 N (c) 0.80 N (d) 1.2 N

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93. At 90ºC, pure water has H3O+ ion concentration of 10-6 mol L-1. Then Kw at
900 C is
(a)10-6 (b) 10-14 (c) 10-12 (d) 10-8
94. The gastric juice in our stomach contains enough HCl to make the hydrogen
ion concentration about 0.01 mole/litre.The pH of gastric juice is
(a) 0.01 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 14.

95. The pH of 10 M HCl aqueous solution is

(a) less than 0 (b) zero (c) 2 (d) 1

96. When the pH of a solution is 2, the hydrogen ion concentration in moles per
litre is
(a) 1  1014 (b) 1  10 2 (c) 1  10 7 (d) 1  1012
97. What is the OH concentration of an aqueous solution of a substance whose
pH= 3.2 ?
(a) 10-3.8 (b) 10-3.2 (c) 10-10.8 (d) 10-10.2
98. The number of H+ in 1 cc of a solution of pH = 13 is
(a) 6.023  107 (b) 1  10 13 (c) 6.023  1013 (d) 1  1016

99. In decimolar solution, CH 3COOH is ionised to the extent of 1.3%. If log 1.3 =
0.11 , what is the pH of the solution ?
(a) 3.89 (b) 4.89 (c) 2.89 (d) unpredictable

100. The concentration of [H+] and concentration of [OH-] of a 0.1 aqueous

solution of 2% ionised weak acid is [ ionic product of water = 1  10-4]
(a) 0.02  10 3 M and 5  10 11 M (b) 1  10 3 M and 3  10 11 M
(c) 2  103 M and 5  10 12 M (d) 3  102 M and 4  10 13 M
101. Which of the following solution will have pH close to 1.0 ?
(a) 100 ml of M/10HCl+100 ml of M/10NaOH
(b) 55 ml of M/10 HCl + 45 ml of M/10 NaOH
(c) 10 ml of M/10 HCl + 90 ml M/10 NaOH
(d) 75 ml of M/5 HCl + 25 ml of M/5 NaOH.

102. The pH of 0.1 M solution of a weak acid is 3. What is the value of the
ionisation constant for the acid?
(a) 0.1 (b) 10-3 (c) 10-5 (d) 10-7.

103. A certain buffer solution contains equal concentration of X — and HX. The Ka
for HX is10-8. The pH of the buffer is
(a) 3 (b) 8 (c) 11 (d) 14

104. The pKa of HCN is 9.30.The pH of a solution prepared by mixing 2.5 moles of
KCN and 2.5 moles of HCN in water and making up the total volume of 500
ml is
(a) 9.30 (b) 7.30 (c) 10.30 (d) 8.30
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105. A certain buffer solution contains equal concentrations of X  and HX. Kb for
X  is 10-10. The pH of the buffer solution is
(a) 4 (b) 10 (c) 7 (d) 14

106. Solution of 0.1 N NH 4OH and 0.1 N NH4Cl has pH 9.25. Then pKb of NH4OH
is
(a) 9.25 (b) 4.75 (c) 3.75 (d) 8.25
107. If the solubility of PbCl2 at 25 C is 6.3  10 mole/litre, its solubility product
0 -3

at that temperature is
       
2 2
(a) 6.3  10-3  6.3  10 3 (b) 6.3  10-3  12.6  10 3
(c)  6.3  10    12.6  10  (d)  12.6  10    12.6  10 
-3 3 -3 3

108. A saturated solution of Ag2SO4 has solubility 2.5  10-2M The value of its
solubility product is
(a) 62.5 10 6 (b) 6.25 104 (c)15.625 1010 (d) 3.125  10 6

109. If the maximum concentration of PbCl2 in water is 0.01 M at 25 0C, its

maximum concentration in 0.1 M NaCl will be
(a) 2  103 M (b) 1  104 M (c) 1.6  102 M (d) 4  10 4 M

110. The solubility product of a sparingly soluble salt AB at room temperature is

1.21  10-6 M2 .Its molar solubility is
(a) 1.21  10 6 M (b) 1.1 10-4 M (c) 1.1  103 M (d)None of these.
5
111. Ksp for HgSO4 is 6.4  10 , then solubility of the salt is
(a) 8  10 6 (b) 8  10 3 (c) 4.6  10 5 (d) None of these

112. The maximum amount of BaSO4 precipitated on mixing BaCl2 (0.5 M) with
H2SO4(1M) will correspond to
(a) 0.5 M (b) 1.0 M (c) 1.5 M (d) 2.0 M.

113. The solubility of BaSO4 in water is 2.33  10 3 g L1. Its solubility product will
be (molecular weight of BaSO4=233)
(a) 1  105 (b) 1  1010 (c) 1  1015 (d) 1  1020

114. The Ksp for M2SO4 at 298 K is 1.08  10-4 .The maximum concentration of M+
that could be attained in a saturated solution of this solid at 298 K is
(a) 3  102 M (b) 3  103 M (c) 2.89  10 4 M (d) 6  102 M

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115. Solubility of an MX2 type electrolyte is 0.5  10-4 mole/lit, then Ksp of the
electrolyte is
(a) 5  10 12 (b) 25  1010 (c) 1  1013 (d) 5  10 13

116. The solubility product of AgI at 25ºC is 1.0  1016 Mol2 L-2
The solubility of AgI in 10-14 N solution of KI at 25ºC is approximately (in
mol L-1)
(a) 1.0  1016 (b) 1.0  1012 (c) 1.0  1010 (d) 1.0  10 8

117. The solubility in water of a sparingly soluble salt, AB 2 is 1.0  10 5 mol L-1. Its
solubility product number will be
(a) 4  1010 (b) 1  1015 (c) 1  1010 (d) 4  1015

118. How many ml of 1 M H2SO4 is required to neutralise 10 ml of 1 M NaOH

solution?
(a) 2.5 (b) 5.0 (c) 10.0 (d) 20.0

119. A certain weak acid has a dissociation constant of 1.0  104. The equlibirium
constant for its reaction with a strong base is
(a) 1.0  104 (b) 1.0  1010 (c)1.0  1010 (d) 1.0  1014

120. At 25ºC, the dissociation constant of CH 3COOH and NH4OH in aqueous

solution are almost the same. The pH of a solution of 0.01 N CH 3COOH is
4.0 at 25ºC The pH of 0.01N NH 4OH solution at the same temperature would
be
(a) 3.0 (b) 4.0 (c) 10.0 (d) 10.5

121. 10 ml of a strong acid solution of pH 2.000 are mixed with 990 ml of a buffer
solution of pH=4.000. The pH of the resulting solution will be
(a) 4.100 (b) 4.000 (c) 4.200 (d) 3.800.

122. The pH of 10—7 HCl aqueous solution of HCl at 25ºC is

(a) 7.0 (b)less than 7 (c) more than 7 (d) None of the above(a-c).

123. Solutions A and B contain one and two moles of CH 3COONH4 in one litre
respectively. The hydrolysis will be
(a) more in A (b) more in B
(c) same in A and B (d) very little in A.

124. If K a1 and K a 2 of sulphuric acid are 1  10 2 and 1  10 6 respectively, then

concentration of sulphate ions in 0.01 MH2SO4 solution will be
(a) 1  102 (b) 0.01  10 8 (c) 1  10 6 (d) 0.01  10-10
THE GUIDANCE 58/1, Kalu Sarai, Sarvpriya Vihar, New Delhi-16, Ph: 41828089, 46043741 (13)
125. The following reactions are known to occur in the body
CO2 +H2O  H2CO3  H  HCO3 If CO2 escapes from the system
(a) pH will decrease
(b) hydrogen ion concentration will diminish
(c) H2CO3 concentration will be altered
(d) The forward reaction will be promoted.

126. When CO2 dissolves in water, the following equilibrium is established

CO2+ 2H2O  H3O+ + HCO 3
For which the equilibrium constant is 3.8  10 7 and pH=6.0. The ratio of
[HCO-3 ] to  CO2  would be
(a) 3.8  10 13 (b) 3.8  10 1 (c) 6.0 (d) 13.4.

127. A solution is a mixture of 0.05 M NaCl and 0.05 NaI. The concentration of
iodide ion in the solution when AgCl just starts precipitating is equal to
 Ksp  AgCl   1  1010 , Ksp  AgI   4  1016 
(a) 2  108 M (b) 3  106 M (c) 4  106 M (d) 2  107 M

128. The dissociation constants of monobasic acids A, B, C and D are

6  104 , 5  10 5 , 3.6  10 6 and 7  10 10 respectively. The pH values of their
0.1 molar aqueous solutions are in the order
(a) A < B < C < D (b) A > B > C > D
(c) A = B = C = D (d) A > B < C > D

129. The maximum pH of a solution which is 0.1 M in Mg 2+ from which Mg(OH)2 is

not precipitated is
(a) 4.96 (b) 6.96 (c) 7.54 (d) 9.04.

130. ‘a’ moles of a monoacidic base are dissolved in one litre of the solution. The
pH of the solution will be
(a) –log a (b) 14-log a (c) 14+log a (d) –log (14-a).

131. 0.01 M solution of H2A has pH equal to 4. If K a1 for the acid is 4.45  10 7 ,
the concentration of HA- ion in solution would be
(a) 0.01 M (b) 4.45  10-5 (c) 8.0  10 5 (d) unpredictable.

132. The solubility product (Ksp) of ferric hydroxide in aqueous solution is 3.8 
10-38 at 298 K. The solubility of Fe3+ ions will increase when
(a) pH is increased (b) pH is 7
(b) pH is decreased
(c) saturated solution is exposed to atmosphere.
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133. Three sparingly soluble salts M2X, MX and MX3 have the same solubility
product. Their solubilities will be in the order
(a) MX3 > MX > M2X (b) MX3 > M2X > MX
(c) MX > MX3 > M2X (d) MX > M2X > MX3

134. The pH values 1 M solutions of CH3COONa (I), CH3COOH (II), CH3COONH4

(III) NaOH (IV) will be in the order
(a) IV >III >I >II (b) IV >I >III >II
(c) II > III > I >IV (d) I > II >III >IV

135. For the solution of a weak electrolyte AB 2, the degree of dissociation is given
by
(a)   K eq /2C (b)   K eq /C
(d)    K eq /3C 
1

(c)    K /4C 
1 3
3

21
136. Given K a K a for H 2S  1.1  10 M .
3
1 2

1 L solution of 0.1 M H2S having [ H ] = 0.1 M contains S2- ions equal to

(a) 6.62  103 (b) 6.62  104 (c) 6.62  105 (d) 6.62  106.
Unit - 9
IONIC EQUILBRIUM
Answer Key

Q. Ans Q. Ans Q. Ans Q. Ans Q. Ans Q. Ans Q. Ans Q. Ans

NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO
1 d 18 d 35 c 52 d 69 b 86 d 103 b 120 c
2 c 19 d 36 c 53 b 70 c 87 d 104 a 121 b
3 a 20 d 37 d 54 d 71 c 88 b 105 a 122 b
4 b 21 d 38 b 55 d 72 d 89 b 106 b 123 c
5 a 22 d 39 b 56 b 73 d 90 d 107 b 124 a
6 a 23 d 40 c 57 a 74 c 91 c 108 a 125 b
7 b 24 d 41 d 58 d 75 a 92 a 109 d 126 b
8 c 25 d 42 a 59 c 76 a 93 c 110 c 127 d
9 c 26 c 43 a 60 a 77 d 94 c 111 b 128 a
10 b 27 a 44 d 61 d 78 c 95 b 112 a 129 d
11 b 28 c 45 b 62 b 79 a 96 b 113 b 130 c
12 a 29 b 46 d 63 b 80 d 97 c 114 d 131 b
13 b 30 d 47 c 64 b 81 b 98 a 115 d 132 c
14 c 31 a 48 c 65 d 82 c 99 c 116 b 133 d
15 a 32 d 49 b 66 b 83 c 100 c 117 d 134 b
16 d 33 a 50 b 67 a 84 a 101 d 118 b 135 c
17 b 34 a 51 d 68 a 85 a 102 c 119 c 136 a

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 SOLUTIONS
1. 1 M H2SO4 produces maximum H+ ions.

C 2 2
2. Ka   .
1   1   V

BOH  B OH
C 0
3. 0

C 1   C C
C.C C 2
Kb    C 2 or   K b /C
C 1   1  
OH   C  C K b /C  K b  C

4. H3PO3 contains two ionizable H+ ions.

5. I can accept protons and hence is a base.

6. H3O+ can give proton.

7. NH2  H  NH3.

8. N3H  N3  H .

9. H2O and NH4 donate protons in the given reaction.

10. H2O and HSO4 accept protons.

11. CH3COOH is a weak acid. Its conjugate base (CH3COO ) is strong base.

12. Acidic strengths: HCl > CH3COOH> H2O

Conjugate base strengths: Cl   CH3COO  OH .

13. HCl > CH3COOH > H2CO3.

14. HI > HBr > HCl > HF.

15. Smaller the Kb value, weaker is the base.

16. AlCl3 is Lewis acid as Al has incomplete octet.

17. SnCl4 is a Lewis acid because Sn has empty d-orbitals.

THE GUIDANCE 58/1, Kalu Sarai, Sarvpriya Vihar, New Delhi-16, Ph: 41828089, 46043741 (16)
18. EDTA is Arrhenius acid as it can give H + ions in aqueous solution, a
Bronsted base as it can accept protons and Lewis base because N and O in
it can donate lone pairs of electrons.

19. pH range for phenolphthalein is 8.0- 10.0.

20. Ionic product of water is same for water, neutral, acidic or basic solutions.

21. K w  [H ][OH ]  mol L1  mol L1  mol2 L2

22. Ionic product of water is constant at constant temperature in any solution.

23. On adding NH3 to water, [OH ] will increase; As

K w  [H3O ][OH ] is constant , therefore [H3O ] will decrease.

24. On adding H2SO4,[H+] increases. Therefore to keep K w constant, [OH ]

decreases.

25. pH= -log[H+] .

N
26. HCl has also pH  2.
100

27. NaCl solution is neutral. Its pH = 7.

28. An acidic solution has [H+] > 10-7.

29. Tears have pH  7.4.

30. pH + pOH = pKw.

31. On heating H2O, [H+] and [OH-] both increase and remain equal. As [OH-]
increases, pOH decreases.

32. pKa= -log Ka = log (1/Ka).

33. pKa=-log Ka=-log 10-10 =10

34. Ag2CrO4  2 Ag+ + CrO 24 . Hence Ksp= [Ag+]2 [CrO 24 ].

35. (c)

36. Ag 2CrO4  2Ag   CrO24 , Ksp=[2S]2 [S]= 4S3.

S 2S S
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 
37. Li3 Na 3 (AlF6 )2 → 3 Li   3Na  2 AlF 3
a 6
3a 3a 2a

Ksp=(3a) (3a) (2a) = 2916 a .

3 3 2 8

38. AgBr dissolves in NH4OH to form a soluble complex, [Ag(NH 3)2]+

39. 0.01 M CaCl2  0.02 M Cl  , 0.01 M NaCl  0.01 M Cl  ,

0.05 M Ag NO3  0.05 M Ag+
[Ag+] [CL-]= Ksp (const.). Hence
S2 = Ksp/0.02=50 Ksp,
S3 = Ksp / 0.01 = 100 Ksp
S4 = K sp / 0.05 = 20 Ksp (S1= K sp  max imum)
40. (c) is weak acid + its salt with strong base.

41. (d) is a basic buffer and hence has pH >7.

42. (a) by Henderson eqn.

43. Na2CO3 is a salt of strong base and weak acid.

44. (a), (b), (c) are salts of strong acid and strong base and hence do not undergo
hydrolysis.

45. pH > 7 means solution is basic.

46. For salt of weak acid and strong base, Kh=Kw/Ka.

Kh
47. For salt of weak acid and weak base, h =
KaKb

48. Ksp of group II radicals are less than those of Group IV.

49. NH4Cl is added to NH4OH to suppress ionization of NH4OH.

50. For pure water, [H3O+]= [OH-].

Hence Kw=10-12.

51. NH4OH is a weak base and NH4Cl is the salt of this weak base with the
strong acid, HCl.

52. Anionic hydrolysis means anion reacting with water

THE GUIDANCE 58/1, Kalu Sarai, Sarvpriya Vihar, New Delhi-16, Ph: 41828089, 46043741 (18)
 (Na 2CO3  2H2O  2NaOH  H2CO3
or 2Na   CO23  2H2O  2Na   2OH  H2CO3
or CO23  2H2O  2OH  H2CO3 ).

53. Greater the solubility product, greater is the solubility .

54. The best indicator for titration of weak acid with strong base is
phenolphthalein.
55. CH3COONa is a salt of weak acid, CH3COOH and strong base, NaOH.

56. (b) by definition.

57. After mixing, [Ag+] [ Cl-]> Ksp only for (a).

58. In the stomach, the medium is acidic while in the small intestine, the
medium is basic. Hence acetylsalicylic acid is almost unionized in stomach
but ionized in the small intestine.

59. NaCl is neutral, NH4Cl is acidic, NaHCO3 is acidic salt while Na2CO3 is basic
and hence has highest pH.

60. Acetic acid + sodium acetate is an acidic buffer.

61. Be(OH)2 has lowest solubility and hence lowest solubility product.

62. Al3+ as Al(OH)3 and Bi3+ as Bi(OH)3.

63. NH4OH + HCl forms NH4Cl which gives acidic solution with pH < 7.

64. CH3COOH  H2O  CH3COO  H3O


65. HCl,Cl  is one pair and CH3COOH2, CH3COOH is the second pair.

66. In (b), after mixing, [Ca2+] [F-]2 > Ksp,

67. Sodium borate is a salt of strong base (NaOH) and weak acid ( H 3BO3).

68. Their conjugate acids are H-OH, NH 3, H-C  C-H and CH3  CH3. .Their acidic
character are H  OH  CH  CH  NH3  CH3  CH3. A strong acid has a weak
conjugate base. Hence the strengths of bases will be
   
CH3  CH2  NH2  H  C  C  OH .

69. In presence of the given salts, the solubility of Ag Cl decreases.

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70. NaNO2 solution is slightly basic, NaCL solution is neutral,H 2S is weakly
acidic whereas H2SO4 is strong acid.

NaBrO3 gives BrO 3 ions. Hence BrO3  increases. To keep Ksp constant ,
-
71.
[Ag+] decreases.

72. CaCl2 solution is acidic and hence has lowest pH.

73. RCOONa  RCOO  Na  . On adding NaCl, [Na+] increases. So ionic product

 soap 
[RCOO-] [Na+] exceeds the solubility product.

74. NH3 donates electron pair while Cu2+ accepts electron pairs.

75. Sodium gives flame test which interferes with the flame tests of Group V
radicals.

76. pH of blood does not change because it is a buffer.

77. Ca 3  PO4  2  3Ca 2  2PO43 , K   3x  3   2x  2  108x 5

3x 2x sp
x

78. Ksp for AgCl, AgBr and AgI are 1.56  10 10 , 7.7  10 13 and 9.4  10 17
respectively. Lower the solubility product, more easily it gets precipitated.

s  CuS   K sp  10 15.5 , s(Ag 2S)   K sp /4    1044 /4 

1 1
79. 3 3
,
s  HgS   K sp  10 27

pH = p K a  log
 salt  .
80. For small concentration of buffering agent and for
 acid 
maximum buffer capacity  salt  / Acid   1 i.e. pH = pKa.

81. I- donates electron pair.

82. COCl2 is phosgene and does not contain any metal ions.

83. Ksp for PbCl2= [Pb2+] [Cl  ]2 .

84. Strong acid (HCl) and its salt (NaCl) do not form a buffer (of course pH < 7
due to its acidic solution).

85. HSO41 can accept proton to form H2SO4 and also give a proton to form SO24 .
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86. In Group III of analysis, addition of NH4Cl increases NH 4 ion concentration
and decreases OH- ion concentration produced from NH4OH due to common
ion effect.

87. HClO4 is a strong acid and hence cannot be used to make a buffer.

88. pH > 8 at the equivalence point means that the salt formed on hydrolysis
should give basic solution i,e. when acetic aced reacts with NaOH.

89. pH of 10-8 M HCl solution cannot be 8 because it is acidic solution.

90. Due to thunderstorm, temperature increases i.e. [H +] increases which means
pH decreases.

91. The one with lowest value of Ksp i.e. HgS will precipitate out first.

92. H   C  0.2  0.40  0.08M

93. In pure water,[H3O+] = [OH-].

Hence Kw=10-12.

pH =  log H    log10  2.

 2.
94.

95. 1MHCl  100 MHCl and pH  0 . For greater concentration, theoretically pH

should further decrease and become negative. However, as concentration
increases, dissociation decreases so that [H +] does not increase. Hence pH
remains almost zero.

96. When pH = 2 , [H+] = 10 -2

M.

 1014
97. pH = 3.2 means [H ] = 10 + -3.2
 [OH ]  3.2
 1010.8
10

98. pH =13 means [H+] = 10-13 mol L-1 or 10-13  6.023  1023 /1000H ions/cc.
= 6.023  107

99. H   C  0.1  0.013  1.3  10 3

 pH   log  1.3  10 3   3  0.11  2.89.

100. H   C  0.1  0.02  2  10 M

 3

 OH   10 14 /  2  10 3   5  10 12 M .

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101. (a) is exact neutralisation. Hence pH=7
M
(b) After neutralisation, HCl left  10ml.
10
Total volume 100 ml.
Dilution = 10 times  [H ]  10 2 or pH = 2
M
(c)After neutralistion, NaOH left  80 ml.
10
Total volume = 100 ml. pH>7.
M
(d) After neutralisation, HCl left  50 ml.
5
Total volume = 100 ml
Dilution = 2 times
1
 H    101 M or pH  1
10

102. HA  H   A, [H  ]  10 3 M
103  103
 [ A  ]  103 M . Hence K a  105.
0.1

 Salt 
103. pH  pK a  log
 Acid
=  log 10 8  0  8.

104. As [Salt] = [Acid], pH = pKa=9.30.

OH   HX 

105. X  H2O  
OH  HX, Kb 
 X  
  [H ][X  ]
HX  H  X , Ka 
 HX 
 K a  K b  H  OH   K w  10 14
Hence Ka=10-4
Now as [ X  ] =[HX], pH = pKa=4.

106. As [NH4Cl] = [NH4OH], p OH= pKb or pKb = pOH =14 - pH = 14 – 9.25 = 4.75.

Ksp = s(2s)2 =  6.3  10 3    12.6  10 3 

2 
107. PbCl2  Pbs  2Cl
2

2s
,
s


108. Ag 2sSO4  2Ag  SO24
2s s

THE GUIDANCE 58/1, Kalu Sarai, Sarvpriya Vihar, New Delhi-16, Ph: 41828089, 46043741 (22)
  4s 3 = 4   2.5  102   62.5  10 6
3
K sp =  2s   s
2

, K sp  s  2s   4s 3 = 4   102   4  10 6
2 
109. PbCl2  Pbs  2Cl
2 3

s 2s
2

In 0.1 M NaCl, [Cl ] = 0.1 + 2  10-2 0.1 M Pb2  Cl    K sp
or Pb2   0.10   4  10 6
2
or[Pb2 ]  4  10 4 M.

110. s  K sp  1.2  106  1.1  10 3 M.

2 2
111. HgSO4  Hg  SO4 ,K sp  s
2
or s  K sp  6.4  105 = 8  10 3 M .

112. BaCl2 is the limiting reactant.

10
113. s  2.33  10 3 g L1 = 2.33  103 /233  10 5 M, K sp  10 .


114. M2SO4  2M  SO24 ,K sp  4s 3 ,
s2s s
1/3
 1.08  104 
s   K sp /4    27 10 6 
1/3 1/3
   3  10 2 M
 4 
or so4   2s  6  10 M.
2 2

115. MX 2  M2  2X 
s s 2s

Ksp = s ( 2s ) = 4s3 2

 4   0.5  10 4   0.5  10 12 = 5  10-13.

3

116. Total [I ]  10 4  10 16 10 4 M

[Ag+] [I-] = Ksp   Ag    104   1.0  10 16 or  Ag +   1012.

117. AB2  A 2  2B

K sp  [A 2 ][B ]2  (1.0  10 5 )(2  1.0  10 5 )2  4  1015 .

118. 1 M H2SO4  2NH2SO4,

N1V1  N2V2 ,
2  V1  10  1 or V1  5.0 ml.

 
H   A  
119. HA  H A , Ka   10 4 ……….(i)
 HA 
THE GUIDANCE 58/1, Kalu Sarai, Sarvpriya Vihar, New Delhi-16, Ph: 41828089, 46043741 (23)
 HA  BOH     BA  H2O or HA  OH    
 A  H2O,
[A  ] H2O
K= …………(ii)
 HA  OH 
Also K w  H  OH   10
  14
………..(iii)
Ka 10 4
From eqns. (i), (ii) and (iii), K   14
 1010.
K w 10

120. As their dissociation constants are same and [H+] from CH3COOH =10-4 M
Therefore [OH-] from NH4OH = 10-4 M or [H+] = 10-10 M or pH=10.

121. pH of buffer remains almost constant.

122. 10-7 = M HCl  107 MH . Also form H2O, [H+] = 10-7.
Total [H+] = 2  107 pH
= – log  2  10   7  0.3010  6.699  6.7
7

123. The degree of hydrolysis of a salt of weak acid and weak base does not
depend upon concentration.

124. H2SO4 ionizes completely as H2SO4  2H  SO24

 SO24    H2SO4   0.01 M  10 2 M

125. The equilibrium will shift in the backward direction .

[H3O ][HCO3 ] [HCO3 ] Ka 3.8  10 7

126. K a  or  
 6  3.8  10 1 .
[CO2 ] [CO2 ] [H3O ] 10

K sp
10 10
127.  Ag  required to precipitate Cl ions 
 
  2.0  109.
 Ag  0.05


16
 Ag   required to precipitate I ions = 4  10  8.0  10 15
0.05
 Ag  required to precipitate I is less. So Agl will precipitate first.
 

128. H   KC . Thus for same value of C, greater the value of K, greater is [H +]


and hence lower is the pH.

129. Mg(OH)2  Mg 2  2OH , K sp  [Mg 2 ][OH ]2

or 1.2 10 11  0.1  [OH ]2 or [OH ]2  1.2 10 10
THE GUIDANCE 58/1, Kalu Sarai, Sarvpriya Vihar, New Delhi-16, Ph: 41828089, 46043741 (24)
 or [OH ]  1.1  105 or [H ]  10 14 /(1.1  105 )  9.09  10 10 M
or pH= log 9.09  10
-10
 
= 10 - 0.9586 = 9.04.

130. [OH ]  a mol L

[H  ]  1014 /a or pH   log [H ]   log  10 /a  = 14  log a
 14


131. H2 A  H  HA 
As pH= 4, [H ]  10 4 M
H  HA   104  [HA  ]
K a1  or  4.45  10 7 or [HA  ]  4.45  105
 H2A  10 2

3  3
132. [Fe ][OH ]  K sp . To increase [Fe3 ],[OH ] should
decrease or [H+] will increase i.e. pH should decrease.


133. Ms2 X  2M
2s1
 X2
s1
1

K sp  4s13 or s1  (K sp/4 )1/3

2
MX  M  X  ,K sp  s or s 2  (k sp )1/2
2
3
MX3  M  3X  ,
s 3s

K sp  27 s 34 or s 3   K sp /27 
1/4

Evidently, s2 > s1 > s3.

134. I is basic (pH > 7), II is acidic (pH < 7), III is neutral (pH  7) IV is strongly
basic (pH >>7)
i.e. IV >I >III > II.

AB2  A 2  2B
135. c 0
c
0
2c
c  1 

c.  2c 
2

 4C23 or    K eq /4c  .
1/3
K eq 
c 1  

136. H2S  2H  S2 .

2
H  S2  0.12  S2 
K  1.1  10 21
  or S2   1.1  10 20
 H2S 0.1
 1.1  1020  6.02  1023 ions
= 6.62  103 ions .
THE GUIDANCE 58/1, Kalu Sarai, Sarvpriya Vihar, New Delhi-16, Ph: 41828089, 46043741 (25)