Two Major Audio Compression Formats

1. WAV means Waveform Audio File Format. It was developed by Microsoft and IBM (International Business Machines) in 1991
for Windows 3.1. It is a lossless format, which means that the audio quality does not suffer. However, WAV files require a large
file size. Also, it may be not compatible to some portable devices and for streaming purposes. It is often used for flash animations,
studio recordings, mastering, and pro-audio applications.
2. MP3 means MPEG-2 Audio Layer III. It was developed by Moving Picture Experts Group. If WAV is a lossless format, MP3
uses lossy compression. It means that audio encoding to MP3 entails reducing the audio quality and its file size. Its small file
size makes an MP3 file easy to distribute, upload, and convert over the internet.

Different Ways of Storing Audio Media

1. Cassette tape is based on a magnetic recording made of long, narrow strips of plastic film. Items like cassette and VHS
tapes provide home entertainment especially during the 1980s because it is small in size and cheap. It is also, used in archiving.
2. Compact disc (CD) is a circular object used to record and playback audio files, and store computer data.
3. Flash drive (also called thumb drive). It has flash memory that can be connected to a computer or a device with a USB port.
USB stands for Universal Serial Bus.
4. Memory card is a cartridge used to store digital information for portable devices like digital cameras, cellphones, and alike.
5. Hard drive is a magnetic storage device that contains moving parts like a spinning plate and an enclosure.
6. Online Storage are websites or file repositories for retrieving audio files and other digital contents. These files are stored in
a datacenter containing bulk number of disks handled by servers that is connected to the Internet.

Characteristics of Sound Purposes of Using Sound

1. Volume - refers to the loudness based from the sound wave’s intensity. 1. For Information and Communication
2. Tone - refers to the vibration, modulation, and intonation of sound. 2. For Entertainment
3. Pitch - refers to the highness or lowness of sound. 3. For Education
4. Loudness - refers to how one perceives sound pressure.

Elements of Sound Design Principles of Sound Design

1. Dialogue - speech, conversation, 1. Mixing - it refers to combining multiple sounds and blending them
voice-over together. Volume, frequency, and other elements are enhanced and
2. Sound Effects -any sound other than manipulated in this principle.
music or dialogue 2. Pace - it refers to controlling the time to either speed up or slow down the
3. Music - vocal or instrumental sounds sound produced.
(or both) combined in such a way as to 3. Transition - it refers to the change from one segment or clip to another.
produce beauty of form, harmony, and 4. Stereo imaging - it refers to how sound is perceived in spatial areas of
expression of emotion. the source for depth. To achieve good stereo imaging, you must create
balance and contrast.

Types of Transition
1. Fade - is the gradual increase or decrease in volume, and mixing one element with silence.
2. Fade-in - refers to a slow increase of volume from silence to the desired level.
3. Fade-out - happens as a shift from full volume to silence.
4. Cross-fade - happens when one element is faded down as another sound is faded up.
5. Segue - is the transition from one element to another without overlap or gap.

WHAT I CAN DO
Activity # 1: Let’s Create! (Performance Task)

RADIO DRAMA MAKING

Direction: Your goal is to create at least a two-minute radio drama. You have two options to select on what you preferred to do.
First option is to write a radio drama script. Second option is to record a drama act using your own voice including the necessary
sound effect. The option you choose is the only one you will submit.

Option 1: Being a scriptwriter

Write a radio drama script that must be at least three minutes long as you read it. The script must have at least three
acts. The acts must be the highlight of the story. It can be in Filipino, English or ‘Taglish’. Include the elements and principles
of sound in the script. To be specific, write the dialogue in each act. In every act, include here the background music to be
played, the sound effect to be applied and the tone of the voice when the lines are to be delivered. You can hand write the script
or encode and print it in a long coupon bond (8.5x13).

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Sample Radio Drama Script:
ACT 1
Andrea : (Sisigaw) Saan ka na naman natulog kagabi!
Carlo : Wala kang pakialam.
Andrea : (Galit) May pakialam ako dahil asawa mo ako!
Carlo : (Sisigaw) Oo nga, asawa kita na walang pakinabang!
Andrea : Ganun ba ang tingin mo sa akin? (Iiyak)
Carlo : Oo. Sawang sawa na ako sa bunganga mo. Sa tuwing uuwi ako dito sa bahay, yang boses mo parati
ang naririnig ko. Puro pera ang hinahanap mo.
(DRAMATIC INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC FADE IN)
Andrea : (Humahagulgol) Humihingi ako sayo ng pera para pambili ng makakain namin ng mga anak mo
dahil nagugutom kami.
Carlo : (Galit) Bakit, mukha ba akong pera? Alam mo naman na wala akong permanenteng trabaho. Kung sino-sino
na ngang babae ang pinapatulan ko para maka-delehensiya lang.
Andrea : So inaamin mo na may babae ka?
Carlo : Obvious ba? (Saka tatawa) Saan ko ba kukunin yung perang ibinibigay ko sayo. Mabuti na itong
mambabae ako at pineperahan sila kaysa magnakaw ako.
Andrea : (Sigaw) Walang hiya ka!
(DRAMATIC INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC CUT) (PLATE CRASH)
Carlo : Aray! Ikaw pa ang may ganang batuhin mo ako ng plato ah.
(TUNOG NG SAMPAL, PAK) (SAKA TUNOG NG SUNTOK, BOG)
Andrea : (Iiyak ng malakas) Aray! Ang tiyan ko.
Carlo : Hindi kita sasampalin at susuntukin kung hindi ka nauna na saktan ako.
(TUNOG NG YABAG PAPALAYO) (HAGULGOL NI ANDREA) (DRAMATIC INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC FADE IN)

Option 2: Being a voice actor

Using a sound recorder (such as cellphone, pc, laptop, etc.), record a drama act that lasts at least two minutes long.
Your drama can be in a form of monologue using your own voice. It can be also a dialogue with two or three characters. You
can use of your voice only if you can change the sound of your voice to deliver the lines of the different characters. Otherwise,
you can invite a voice actor guest. Reminder to put emotions to your voice while delivering the lines. In your drama act, it must
have an appropriate background music and sound effects to be heard. Try to apply the elements and principles of sound design
in recording your radio drama act. After you record it, you can edit it and save it as MP3 audio format. You can save it on any
storage audio device or upload it as per instruction by your teacher on how to pass it.

REINFORCEMENT ACTIVITY
Activity # 2: Think and Analyze

Direction: Provide your answers to the following questions. Write your answers in a yellow sheet of paper or long coupon bond
(8.5x13).
1. How does audio in media affect one’s viewing experience?
2. How do you preserve your digital memories like audio files with music, lectures and other sound recordings?
3. What is the importance of sound in
(a) information and communication
(b) entertainment; and
(c) education?

Activity # 3: Design Framework for a Podcast or Audio Recording

Direction: Design a podcast about your school, class subject, a school activity or an advocacy of yours. Select only one topic.
Remember that podcast is an audio recording of a certain information and recorded then broadcasted using your voice. As a
guide for the podcast planning, fill-up the Media and Information Design framework below. Answer the guide questions only. No
need to create a podcast. Write your answers in a yellow sheet of paper or print it in a long coupon bond (8.5x13).

MIL Design Framework

Component Guide Questions Answers
Target Audience ● Who are the possible listeners of this
podcast?
Sender/Author ● Who is the author of this podcast?
Key Content ● What is your topic all about?
● What is the tone of your voice in this podcast?
● What are the sample phrases or taglines that
you will use to relate the information?
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 Purpose ● What is the intention of this podcast?
Form / Style ● How was the information presented?
(through narration, story-telling or
monologue)
Medium / Format ● Will you add a background music? If ever,
what type of music?
● Will you add sound effect? If yes, give
examples of it.
● What audio compression format will you save
your podcast?
● What storage device will you save your
podcast?

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