Week 1 Lesson 1 PED 203

PED 203 - BUILDING AND ENHANCING NEW LITERACIES ACROSS THE
CURRICULUM)
WEEK 1: LESSON 1
Learning Outcomes:
a. Explain the meaning of literacy based on dictionary definitions
b. Differentiate the conventional concepts of literacy
c. Discuss the literacy based on Miller’s definition and functional illiteracy based
on Schlechty’s definition
d. Discuss UNESCO’s definition of literacy
e. State the shift of definition of literacy from conventional to new literacies
f. Trace how the “new” literacies arose
g. Compare and contrast the things critical in the rise of the new literacies
Course Content: Introduction to 21st Century Literacies
Reference:
Alata, Elen Joy, Ignacio, Eigen John T., and Pawilen Greg T. Building and
Enhancing New Literacies Across the Curriculum, Sampaloc, Manila, Rex
Bookstore, Inc., 2019.
Lesson Proper:
Definitions of Literacy
 As defined by dictionaries, it is the state of being able to read and write.
 Possessing literacy is mandatory for both teachers and students in all levels of
education.
 The ability to communicate clearly and effectively forms the foundation of modern
life. Students that can’t read effectively fail to grasp important concepts, score
poorly on tests and ultimately, fail to meet educational milestones.
 Reading and writing skills allow students to seek out information, explore
subjects in-depth and gain a deeper understanding of the world around them.
 When they cannot read well, they become discouraged and frustrated by school.
This might result in high school drop outs, poor performance on standardized
tests, increased truancy and other negative reactions, all of which can have
major and long lasting repercussions.
Traditional or Conventional Literacy
 The word “literacy” stems from the word “literate,” and derived from the Latin
word litteratus, meaning “(a person) marked with letters” – that is, “distinguished
or identified by letters” – and it carried with the idea that such a person was
cultured and educated.
Three Subcategories of Conventional Literacy according to Miller (1973)

 Basic Literacy - It is the ability to correspond visual shapes to spoken sounds in
order to decode written materials and translate them into oral language.
Consequently, it refers to the ability to recognize letters and words.
 Comprehension Literacy - It is the ability to understand the meaning of what is

being read.
 Functional or Practical Literacy - It is the ability to read (i.e. decode and

comprehend) written materials needed to perform everyday vocational tasks. It is
the equivalent of Reading the text
 Two things for reading TO EXIST based on the traditional view of literacy involve:
a text (consisting of symbols and grammar) and a meaning or message being
communicated by the text for the reader to extract
MILLER’s Definition of Literacy

 The ACT OF READING implies a LEVEL OF UNDERSTANDING. Simply
knowing how to say a word (or a series of words) is not the same as being able
to understand what it means. Reading has not taken place if one fails to
understand the meaning of the words.
SCHLECHTY’s Definition of Functional Illiteracy

 Based on the idea of Miller on literacy, Schlechty (2001) defines the concept of
FUNCTIONAL ILLITERACY. He defines it as a the state of being able to read,
but not well enough to manage daily living and employment tasks that require
reading skills beyond a basic level.
UNESCO’s Definition of Literacy
 UNESCO formally defined literacy as “the ability to identify, understand, interpret,
create, communicate, and compute, using printed and written materials
associated with varying contexts. Literacy involves a continuum of learning in
enabling individuals to achieve their goals, to develop their knowledge and
potential, and to participate fully in their community and wider society.
 “Reading” does not appear in UNESCO’s definition of literacy. Instead, it is about
KNOWING about something and what to do with it.
 Mkandawire (2018) states that LITERACY is a form of knowledge, competence,
and skills in a particular field or area. Being supported by UNESCO (2006),
Barton (2007), and Mkandawire, Simooya-Mudenda, & Cheelo (2017), which
acknowledged that – as we have just pointed out – modern views appear to
equate literacy with knowledge.
 There is a shift of definition of literacy from “reading and writing” to “knowledge.”
It is especially important as we explore the “new” literacies of the 21st century that
seem far-removed from the contexts upon which conventional literacy is based.
 When viewed from the perspective of conventional/traditional literacy, the
concept of “new” literacies is a bit of a misnomer, as even these new literacies of
the 21st century make generous use of being able to read and write, rather than
supplant them as skills necessary for survival. However, when viewed from the
perspective of literacy as knowledge, the new literacies begin to make sense as
they are the “skills and bodies of knowledge” that are necessary for survival and
productivity in the information age.
New Literacies in the 21st Century

 Skills are necessary for survival and productivity in the information age.
 Literacies are the “skills and bodies of knowledge.” (as viewed from the
perspective of literacy as knowledge)
 New literacies are not “new” per se.
 We consider them to be new because the contexts in which old skills and
knowledge are being employed are new both in nature and in scope.
- Ex.: ability to translate textual information into images is not a new skill.
What is new is how to do it in a concise, complete, and clear manner.
- Ex.: verifying the truth-value and veracity of a document is not new. What
is new is how to do so when there are a hundred similar documents
available.
How the “new” literacies arose?
 1. Communication (visually) using the long-distance communication system of

smoke signals used by the ancient Chinese, ancient Greeks, and indigenous
peoples of North America (Smokes are used to transmit news, signal danger,
and gather people)
 2. Language of Flowers (Victorian era) - Kind, color, and arrangement of flowers

have meanings
- A bouquet of oak leaves (strength)
- Purple roses (sorrow)
- White lilies (resurrection)
- Pale yellow tulips and rosemary (memory or remembrance)
 These visual languages required a kind of visual literacy for understanding the
message delivered.
Three Things Critical in the Rise of the New Literacies

 Increased Reach - Communicating with more people, from more diverse
cultures, across vaster distances than ever before
 Increased Means of Communication - Communicating in more ways and at

faster speeds than ever before
 Increased Breadth of Content - Communicating about more things than ever

before
Activity 1 – Points to Ponder
Directions: Using the activity sheet posted in the LMS, answer the following questions.
You may download the MS Word format of the activity sheet and encode or write your
answers. As soon as you are done with the activity, send the final output at
euglenaramz79@gmail.com.
1. Given the traditional/conventional concept of literacy, how literate are you?

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. How deep is your level of comprehension?

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3. As a pre-service teacher, what kind of written materials should you be able to read
and understand? Are you reading these written materials? How well can you
understand them?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
4. Although reading education in the Philippines aims to develop functional/practical

literacy in learners, what level of literacy is being developed when classroom practices
focuses more on memorization rather than an understanding and application? Justify
your answer.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
5. Compare and contrast the traditional concept of literacy to the modern view of
literacy.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Activity 2 – Video or News Analysis

Directions: Watch a youtube video entitled “English Competency of Filipinos among
Lowest in PISA Results.” Then, answer the questions below. The URL of said video is
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RYoR5o1s90Q. You may also access the video in
the LMS. You may download the MS Word format of the activity sheet and encode or
write your answers. As soon as you are done with the activity, send the final output at
euglenaramz79@gmail.com.
Process Questions:
1. What is the news story all about?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. What literacy problem/s is/are mentioned in the news story or video?

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3. How did the Department of Education (DepEd) address the lowest learning outcomes
of Filipino learners in PISA? Enumerate all interventions and mechanisms done to
address the gap.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Assessment
Please access file in LMS
Reference
One News PH. English Competency of Filipinos among Lowest in PISA Results.
Last modified December 5, 2019.

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PED 203 - BUILDING AND ENHANCING NEW LITERACIES ACROSS THE

Course Content: Introduction to 21st Century Literacies

Three Subcategories of Conventional Literacy according to Miller (1973)

 Comprehension Literacy - It is the ability to understand the meaning of what is

 Functional or Practical Literacy - It is the ability to read (i.e. decode and

MILLER’s Definition of Literacy

SCHLECHTY’s Definition of Functional Illiteracy

New Literacies in the 21st Century

 1. Communication (visually) using the long-distance communication system of

 2. Language of Flowers (Victorian era) - Kind, color, and arrangement of flowers

Three Things Critical in the Rise of the New Literacies

 Increased Means of Communication - Communicating in more ways and at

 Increased Breadth of Content - Communicating about more things than ever

Activity 1 – Points to Ponder

1. Given the traditional/conventional concept of literacy, how literate are you?

2. How deep is your level of comprehension?

4. Although reading education in the Philippines aims to develop functional/practical

Activity 2 – Video or News Analysis

2. What literacy problem/s is/are mentioned in the news story or video?

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