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Economics of Munich

In German, Munich is the strongest economy among the entire city. Munich also has
the lowest of unemployment rate which is only has about 5.6%. Munich also is the economic
centre of southern German. The initiative New Social Market Economy (INSM) and the
Business Weekly magazine have awarded Munich as the top score in their comparative
survey for the third time in June 2006. Munich topped the ranking of the magazine ƠCapitalơ
in February 2005 for the economic prospects between 2002 and 2011 in sixty German cities.
Munich is considered a global city and holds the headquarters of Siemens AG (electronics),
BMW (car), MAN AG (truck manufacturer, engineering), Linde (gases), Allianz (insurance),
Munich Re (re-insurance), and Rohde & Schwarz (electronics). Among German cities with
more than 500,000 inhabitants purchasing power is highest in Munich (26,648 euro per
inhabitant) as of 2007. In 2006, Munich blue-collar workers enjoyed an average hourly wage
of 18.62 euro (ca. $ 23).

The breakdown by cities proper (not metropolitan areas) of Global 500 cities listed
Munich in 8th position in 2009. Munich is also a centre for biotechnology, software and other
service industries. Munich is also the home of the headquarters of many other large
companies like the aircraft engine manufacturer MTU Aero Engines, the space and defence
contractor EADS (headquartered in the suburban town of Ottobrunn), the injection molding
machine manufacturer Krauss-Maffei, the camera and lighting manufacturer Arri, the
semiconductor firm Infineon Technologies (headquartered in the suburban town of
Neubiberg), lighting giant Osram, the DRAM company Qimonda, as well as the German or
European headquarters of many foreign companies like Precision Plus, McDonaldƞs and
Microsoft.

Munich has significance as a financial centre (secondary to Frankfurt), being home of

HypoVereinsbank and the Bayerische Landesbank. It outranks Frankfurt though as home of
insurance companies like Allianz and Munich Re. Munich is the largest publishing city in
Europe and home to the Suddeutsche Zeitung, one of Germany's largest daily newspapers.
Munich is also home to Germany's largest public broadcasting network, ARD, and its largest
commercial network, Pro7-Sat1 Media AG, is home to the headquarters of the German
branch of Random House, the world's largest publishing house, and is also host to the Burda
publishing group. The Bavaria Film Studios are located in the suburb of Grünwald. They are
one of Europe's biggest and most famous film production studios. Lufthansa has opened a

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second hub at Munich's Franz Josef Strauss International Airport, the second-largest airport
in Germany, after Frankfurt International Airport.

*ublic Transportation

For its urban population of 2.6 million people, Munich and its closest suburbs have
one of the most comprehensive and punctual systems in the world, incorporating the Munich
U-Bahn (underground railway), the Munich S-Bahn (suburban trains), trams and buses. The
system is supervised by the Munich Transport and Tariff Association. The Munich Tramway
is the oldest existing public transportation system in the city, which has been in operation
since 1876. Munich also has an extensive network of bus lines.

The extensive network of subway and tram lines assists and complements pedestrian
movement in the city centre. The 700m-long Kaufinger Strasse, which starts near the Main
train station, forms a pedestrian east-west spine that traverses almost the entire centre.
Similarly, Weinstrasse leads off northwards to the Hofgarten. These major spines and many
smaller streets cover an extensive area of the centre that can be enjoyed on foot and bike.
The transformation of the historic area into a pedestrian priority zone enables and invites
walking and biking by making these active modes of transport comfortable, safe and
enjoyable. These attributes result from applying the principle of "filtered permability" which
selectively restricts the number of roads that run through the centre. While certain streets
are discontinuous for cars, they connect to a network of pedestrian and bike paths which
permeate the entire centre. In addition, these paths go through public squares and open
spaces increasing the enjoyment of the trip. The logic of filtering a mode of transport is fully
expressed in a comprehensive model for laying out neighbourhoods and districts ƛ the
Fused Grid.

The main railway station is Munich Hauptbahnhof, in the city centre, and there are
two smaller main line stations at Pasing, in the west of the city, and Munich Ostbahnhof in
the east. All three are connected to the public transport system and serve as transportation
hubs. ICE high-speed trains stop at Munich-Pasing and Munich-Hauptbahnhof only. Intercity
and Euro City trains to destinations east of Munich also stop at Munich East. Since 28 May
2006 Munich has been connected to Nuremberg via Ingolstadt by the 300 km/h (186 mph)
NurembergƛMunich high-speed railway line. The trade fair transport logistic is held every
two years at the Neue Messe München (Messe München International).

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c 
ahn

The Munich S-Bahn is the electric rail rapid transit system in Munich, Germany. It is
operated by S-Bahn München, a subsidiary of DB Regio Bayern (itself a subsidiary of the
German national railway.) "S-Bahn" is the German abbreviation for literally, "urban rapid
[rail] road" and was originally used to describe German suburban light rail networks. The
Munich S-Bahn network is now integrated into the Munich Transport and Tariff Association
(MVV) and interconnected throughout the city with the locally -owned Munich U-Bahn.
Today, the S-Bahn covers most of the populated area of the Munich Metropolitan area of
about 2.7 million inhabitants. The Munich S-Bahn was established on 28 May 1972. It was
intended as part of the scheme to provide an adequate transportation system during the
1972 Summer Olympics held in Munich by connecting the pre-existing suburban rail services
in the west and east of the city via a new tunnel section from Hauptbahnhof to München Ost
station (Ostbahnhof).

1.c History

The underground railway line for Munich was first proposed in 1928 in a report on the
"relocation of traffic centres". The underground route would allow "direct long distance
traffic to and through the city centre". On 22 May 1938, the first tunnel, which is part of the
north-south route, itƞs started in the Lindwurmstraße, between the present-day underground
stations Sendlinger Tor and Goetheplatz. In the speech of Julius Dorpmüller, the general
director of Deutsche Reichsbahn, the project was called "S-Bahn" for the first time. Due to
World War II the construction and plans for the Munich S -Bahn were set aside.

In 1965, the Federal Republic of Germany, the Free State of Bavaria, the state capital of
Munich and the Deutsche Bundesbahn signed a contract on the construction of the Munich
S-Bahn. The further development was most influenced by a decision made in Rome on 26
April 1966: The International Olympic Committee chose Munich over Detroit, Madrid and
Montreal as the scene for the 1972 Summer Olympics. This resulted in a tight schedule:
There were only six years to complete the Munich S-Bahn network.

Not only did the tunnel through the city centre have to be built, the full railway
infrastructure had to be expanded. The network of suburban lines had to be changed over
and modernized. A large number of stations had to be upgraded; the platforms were
brought to a length of 210 m to allow for three -unit trains; the platform height was raised to
76 cm. However, the floor height of the trains used then and now is at ca. 1 m, which

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makes boarding difficult for people with wheelchairs or prams. Tunnel stations and platforms
updated recently where no freight trains run feature a height of 96 cm, however.

On 25 February 1971 the topping-out ceremony could be celebrated in the core route
tunnel. In May the first S-Bahn train of the ET 420 series was put into service on the route
between Pasing and Gauting. On 1 September 1971 a regular advance service was started
on that route. On 28 May 1972, the Munich S-Bahn network was finally put into service with
360 km of tracks and 101 trains of the ET 420 series. It was the first time an S-Bahn
network that size was put into service on a single date. The route S10 to Wolfratshausen
(today S7) was operated with conventional push-pull trains from the southern wing of
Munich Central Station. It was electrified later and connected to the core route after the
construction of a 260 m tunnel crossing the large number of mainline rail tracks leading to
Munich Central Station.

Three months later the German President Gustav Heinemann opened the 1972 Summer
Olympics. During the Games there were two additional S-Bahn lines servicing the now-
defunct station Olympic Stadium. The new S-Bahn system stood the test and transported
3.18 million passengers in 7,138 runs to and from the sports sites in only 17 days. Since
then the Munich S-Bahn network has been expanded multiple times. In 1992, the route
between Ismaning and the new Airport Munich II has been put into service. Until 2005,
there was a 266 million Euro programme to substantially extend the infrastructure. For
example, the route Giesing-Deisenhofen has been upgraded with a second track. Since
2000, trains of the type series ET 420 have been gradually replaced by ET 423 trains.

Further dates:

ñc 15 June 1966 - Construction of the core route tunnel begins in Arnulfstraße.

ñc 28 April 1972 - first test runs on the tunnel route (Hauptbahnhof -Marienplatz-
Ostbahnhof).
ñc 28 May 1972 - regular service with 360 route km begins.
2.c Lines
ñc System

The system of S-Bahn in Munich is the network has seven branches in the West that are
linked to the five branches in the east due to technical requirements. In addition, the two
lines not going through the core route tunnel have two-digit numbers like S2x. Further, the
non-electrified line to Altomünster is called line A.

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ñc Nürnberg to Munich, calling at Petershausen (S2) and Dachau Bf (S2)

Expansion plans announced by the MVV include a series of "Express S-Bahns" dedicated
skip-stop lines that would operate through the second planned "Stammstrecke."

Munich International Airport

Franz Josef Strauss International Airport (IATA: MUC, ICAO: EDDM) is Germany's
second largest airport, after Frankfurt, with about 34 million passengers a year, and lies
some 30 km (19 mi) north east of the city centre. The airport can be reached by suburban
train lines S8 from the east and S1 from the west part of the city. From the Hauptbahnhof
(main railway station), the journey to go in airport is takes 40ƛ45 minutes. A magnetic
levitation train (called Transrapid) which was to have run at speeds of up to 400 km/h (249
mph) from the central station to the airport in a travel time of 1 0 minutes had been
approved, but was cancelled in March 2008 because of cost escalation. Supporters of the
transrapid project founded the organization Bayern pro Rapid in 2007. The airport began
operations in 1992, replacing the former main airport, the Munich-Riem airport (active on
1939ƛ1992). Other than that the Bavarian state government also has announced plans to
expand the Oberpfaffenhofen Air Station located west of Munich, for commercial use. These
plans are opposed by many residents in the Oberpfaffenhofen area. The Memmingen Airport
is also called Airport Munich West.

Individual transportation

Munich is an integral part of the motorway network of southern Germany. Motorways

from Stuttgart (W), Nuremberg, Frankfurt and Berlin (N), Deggendorf and Passau (E),
Salzburg and Innsbruck (SE), Garmisch Partenkirchen (S) and Lindau (SW) terminate at
Munich, allowing direct access to the different parts of Germany, Austria and Italy. However,
traffic in and around Munich is often heavy. Traffic jams are commonplace during rush hour
and at the beginning and end of major holidays in Germany. Cycling is recognized as a good
alternative to motorized transport and the growing number of bicycle lanes is widely used
throughout the year. A modern bike hire system is available in the central area of Munich
that is surrounded by the beltway.