1 Living Things Living Thing: Secondary Biology Study Guide Aung Khant Kyaw Be (Ece), Delt (Eyu), Ma (English) 095127315

Secondary Biology Study Guide
Aung Khant Kyaw BE(EcE), DELT(EYU), MA(English) 095127315 1
1 Living things
Living thing = any organism or a life form that shows the characteristics of life. e.g. animals, plants, bacteria
Non-living thing = inanimate objects or forces with the ability to influence and alter a habitat. e.g. water, weather, earthquake
Animal kingdom = Animalia

- The Animal Kingdom contains more than two million species. The Animal Kingdom contains 31 Phyla.
- Animals are divided into vertebrates and invertebrates.
Invertebrates = animals that do not have a backbone. 95% of animal species are invertebrates.
The major phyla of invertebrates are:
Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Annelida Mollusca Arthropoda Echinoderms
Sponge Corals and Flatworm Earthworm Snail Crab Starfish

jellyfish
Vertebrates = animals that have a backbone.

The main groups of vertebrates are:
Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals
Yellowfin Tuna Red Salamander Gecko Green Parrot Dugong

Plant kingdom = Plantae

- The plant kingdom contains about 250 000 species.
Plants are classified within the domain Eukaryota. Two major groups of plants are green algae and embryophytes (land plants).
Thallophyte Bryophyta Pteridophyte Gymnosperms Angiosperms
Algae Moss Fern Conifer Orchid
Protista Kingdom
Protists are simple eukaryotic organisms that are neither plants nor animals or fungi. Protists are unicellular in nature but can also
be found as a colony of cells. Most protists live in water, damp terrestrial environments or even as parasites.
Cryophytes Dinoflagellates Euglenoids Slime moulds Protozoans
Synura uvella thumb Phytoplankton Trachelomonas Eumycetozoa Ameba
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
1. Add ticks to the table to show whether the named things are living or non-living.
Living Non-living
Rock
Fungus
Tree
Star
2. Draw three lines to match the life process to the correct

Life process Description
Respiration Getting bigger
Growth Responding to changes in the environment
Sensitivity Providing energy
3. Plants are sensitive to changes in the environment. Tick two factors that plants respond to.
□ Odour
□ Light
□ Sound
□ Gravity
4. Draw a line below to match the picture to the correct characteristics.
Movement
Reproduction
Sensitivity
Growth
Respiration
Excretion
1.1 The characteristics of life

Mrs. Gren
Movement = moves some or all of itself (sunflower, shameplant)
Respiration = gets energy from its food, often using oxygen

Sensitivity = responds to changes in the world around it
Growth = gets bigger and stays bigger
Reproduction = makes more of the same, produces offspring
Excretion = makes and removes waste products
Nutrition = must make or take in food
1. How many life processes are there?

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2. Which life processes can you see in the figure? Explain your choices.
Baby macaques live in North Africa

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3. What parts of our bodies do we use to sense:

(a) the flavor of some ice cream
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(b) someone shouting in the distance
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(c) the feel of a piece of fabric?
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4. Explain why movement is essential for survival of an antelope.
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5. Bears have a very good sense of smell. Suggest two reasons why this could help them survive.
A good sense of smell helps bears ………………………… and ………………………… .
1.2 Investigating living organisms

 All living organisms make or take in food for fuel.
 Plants make their own food from carbon dioxide and water, using light energy.
 Animals eat other organisms.
Respiration = living organisms break down the food using oxygen, and produce carbon dioxide and water as wastes.
Excretion = getting rid of carbon dioxide during respiration.
Egestion = excreting undigested material from a cell or from the digestive tract.
Growth = the increase in cell size and number or maturation

Reproduction = plants and animals producing offsprings.
Reasons for movement = To find food and shelter; to avoid danger
Venus fly trap

1. Lists three pairs of carnivores and their preys.
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2. Raja says ‘Respiration is the same as breathing.’ Explain why this is not true.
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3. How would you present the following data? Choose from a bar chart or a line graph and explain your choices:
(a) Favourite foods in the class: …………………………
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(b) Changes in numbers of rabbits found living in an area over a year: …………………………
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4. Hitesh grows a radish plant. He measures the height of the plant everyday and records his results in this table.
Day 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Height(cm) 0.0 0.2 0.7 1.6 2.2 2.7 3.0
(a) Complete the graph below to show Hitesh’s results.

3.5
2.5
Height(cm)
1.5
0.5
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Time(days)
(b) Is the radish a living organism? Use evidence from the graph to support your answer.
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1.3 Organs in plants

Roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits are organs of the plant.
Leaves = green, flat and big; trap sunlight to make food by photosynthesis; lose carbon dioxide at night
carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen
Flowers = reproductive organs; sensitive to light
Stem = supports the plant (for pollination by insects or wind); holds up the leaves(for sunlight)
Roots = grow into the soil; hold the plant into the ground; take up water and minerals; store food
1. Match the fusiform roots.
(a) Sweet potato (i)
(b) Turnip (ii)
(c) Indian Radish (iii)
(d) Carrot (iv)
(e) Pea plant (v)

2. Name structures A, B and C on the diagram.
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3.Draw three lines to match the plant structure to the correct function.
Plant structure Function
Stem Contains the reproductive organs that make seeds
Flower Takes in water and minerals and keeps the plant in the ground
Root Holds the plant upright and carries nutrients around the plant
4. State the main function of the leaf.

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5. Roots spread out underground like the branches of a tree. Suggest why.
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6. Most leaves are broad and thin. Suggest why this is helpful.
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7. Stems have tubes running through them. Suggest why.

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8. Plants are very important in our lives. List two uses of plant leaves.
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9. Desert plants often have swollen stem. Explain how these help the plant to survive.
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10. Some students are growing plants in pots on their classroom windowsill. They observe that the leaves are facing the window.
The stems also bend towards the window. Explain why.
The leaves use sunlight to ……………
The leaves and stems turn towards the window to ……………
1.4 Organs in humans

Organ = a collection of tissues to perform a particular function. E.g. heart, kidneys and lungs.
Organ system = a group of organs that work together their functions. E.g. digestive system, circulatory system and respiratory
system.
Seeing inside your body
X-ray MRI(Magnetic Resonance Imaging) CT scan(Computed tomography) Ultrasound

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8fG5Pxr9ZQ0
1. Match the organ systems to the pictures.
(a) Muscular system (i)
(b) Digestive system (ii)
(c) Excretory system (iii)
(d) Nervous system (iv)
(e) Respiratory system (v)
(f) Skeletal system (vi)
(g) Circulatory system (vii)
2. Make lists of organs in each of the organ systems in question 1.

1.5 Looking at cells

 Cells are the building blocks that make up living organisms.
 Bacteria are made of only one cell.
 Cells are very small— we need a microscope to see them.
1. Choose the correct answer.

(a) The thing you examine using a microscope is …………….
Ⓐ solid Ⓑ stationery Ⓒ spectator Ⓓ specimen
(b) …………… is a small sheet of glass on which you place a thin specimen.
Ⓐ spare Ⓑ slide Ⓒ stage Ⓓ source
2(a) What is a lens above the stage called?

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(b) How many of this type of lens are there in the figure of the microscope?
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3. Explain why the stage has a hole in it, just above the light source.
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4. When using a microscope, describe one way in which you would:

(a) remain safe
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(b) avoid damaging the microscope
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5. Match the following words.

Magnification the lens that you look through
Eyepiece lens that you turn to make an image clear
Focusing wheel the amount to which something is enlarged
Objective lens that is closest to the specimen
6. Explain why s specimen needs to be thin.

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7. A heart muscle cell has a long, cylinder shape. It is 0.1 mm long and 0.02 mm wide. How long and how wide would the cell
appear if magnified 500 times.
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8. Draw a table to show the different parts of a microscope and what they do.
Differences between animal cells and plant cells
Feature Animal cell Plant cell

Cell wall absent present
Shape shapes vary fixed shape due to cell wall
Chloroplasts absent present
Vacuole small vacuoles large vacuoles with cell sap
Nucleus present present
Functions of cell structures
Cell structure Functions

Cell membrane  partially permeable
 controls movement of substances into and out of cell
Nucleus  controls the development of cell
 controls the cell activities
Cytoplasm  place where chemical reactions take place. E.g. respiration
Chloroplast  photosynthesis
 stores starch
Cell wall  gives the shape. E.g. spherical, cube or cylindrical
 prevents the cell from bursting
 allows water and dissolved substances to pass through
Sap vacuole  full of water
 stores salts and sugars
Ribosome  makes proteins
Mitochondrion  generates energy
1. The human body contains cells. What are cells? Tick one answer only.
□ Organs in our bodies that control what we do
□ Tiny living units found in some parts of the body
□ Tiny living units that the body is made from
□ Very small round structures that are found only in the brain
2. Write the word that matches each description. Choose words from the list below.
cell membrane cell wall cytoplasm chloroplast nucleus vacuole
……………….. is the storage space, which also helps the cell to keep its shape by pushing the cytoplasm against the cell wall.
……………….. makes food for the plant.
……………….. controls what enters and leaves the cell.
……………….. controls what the cell does.
……………….. is a watery jelly, where the cell makes new substances.
……………….. is a strong outer covering that helps to support and protect the cell.
3. Insert tick to the right answer in the table.

Cell part Animal cell Plant cell
cell membrane
cell wall
chloroplast
cytoplasm
large vacuole
nucleus
1.6 Specialised animal cells

Specialised cell = a cell that is adapted for a certain function.
Unicellular organisms = made up of a single cell. E.g. amoeba, paramecium and yeast
Amoeba Paramecium Yeast
Multicellular organisms = made up of numerous cells. E.g. human beings, plants, animals, birds and insects
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ systems
Whole body
Red blood cells

- Sperm cells and red blood cells are the smallest cells.
x 2000 times
- Bi-concave shape gives larger area to pick up oxygen.
- Red blood cells have no nucleus.
- Cytoplasm is full of haemoglobin(red protein containing iron).
- Because red blood cells are very small and flexible, they go through capillaries and deliver oxygen to body cells.
- Lifespan is about 3 months.
Proteins in haemoglobin: they carry oxygen.

Sperm cell
- The head carries genetic information to the egg.
- The tail propels to get to the egg.
- Mitochondria at the middle provides energy.
- A teaspoon of semen contains about 100 million sperm cells.
Nerve cell (neurone)

- They are long (0.1 mm to 1 m).
- They carry electrical messages between brain and the body.

- They have branches to connect to many other nerve cells.
Ciliated epithelial cells

- They have hair like cilia to beat mucus from the lungs.
- They are found in the airways, the uterus and Fallopian tubes.
- They use lots of energy.

Muscle cells
- Muscle cells are long and thin.
- They are grouped into bundles to pull bones.
Biceps muscle
1. Describe the function of a ciliated cell and explain how it is adapted to its function.
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2. Draw one line to match each specialised cell to its function.

Name of specialised cell Function
White blood cell To carry oxygen around the body
Red blood cell To carry electrical signals around the body
Nerve cell To fight disease
3. Aiko makes a model of red blood cell using some modelling clay. She gives each side of the red blood cell a bi-concave shape.
Her model accurately represents the shape of red blood cells. This bi-concave shape has more surface area and more cell
membranecompared to just a flat disc. The bi-concave shape gives red blood cells a large surface area.
(a) What advantage does the bi-concave shape give the red blood cell?
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(b) Describe one other adaptation of the red blood cell.
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4. The diagram below show different specialised cells.
A B C D
For each specialised cell:
 Write whether it is from a plant or animal.
 Explain your answer.
Cell A: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Cell B: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Cell C: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Cell D: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
1.7 Specialised plant cells

Root hair cells
- Root hair cells are long and thin.
- They go through soil particles and absorb water and mineral ions.
Xylem cells
They are long vessels, so water runs through them.
Their walls become thickened and woody. They therefore support the plant.
1. Complete the sentences using the words from the list.

adapted cells enzymes faster nuclei unable
Some …………… are specialised. This means they have a shape or feature that makes them …………… to perform a particular
function.
2. What do specialised cells work together to form? Tick one box.

□ Larger cells □ Tissues □ Cytoplasm □ Organic systems
3. Describe and explain why a root hair cell is different to a cell in a leaf.
A root hair cell has a …………… . These features maximise …………… into the root from the soil.
The leaf cell has …………… because these are parts of the cell that …………… .
4. Identify two ways that a root hair cell is different from a leaf cell.
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5. (a) What is meant by the term ‘specialised cell’ ?

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(b) Give the name of one specialised cell found in animals.
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(c) Give the name of one specialised cell found in plants.
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6. Explain how a root hair cell is adapted to its function.

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7. Explain why cells from an onion do not contain chloroplasts.
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8. Okan looks through a microscope at some cells from a porato tuber. Potato tubers grow under the ground.
Okan can see many dark circular structures inside each cell, but his teacher says these are not chloroplasts.
Explain why there are no chloroplasts.

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Cells, tissues and organs

Tissue = a group of same specialised cells working together. E.g. muscle tissue contracts to move.
Organ = a group of tissues that are adapted to perform a specific function.
For example, the skin is the largest organ of human body.

Several tissues in the skin are working together as an organ.
Organ system = a group of organs that work together to perform a certain function in an organism's body.
The skin is the largest organ of the human body.

The main functions of the skin are:
 protection against mechanical injuries, thermal and harmful substances
 prevention of loss of moisture
 prevention of ultraviolet radiation
 acting as a sensory organ
 regulation of temperature
Cells make up tissues, tissues make up organs, and organs make up organ systems.
Several organ systems make up an organism.
🔑 Do you know?
Horseshoe crabs are very ancient animals whose blood is blue because of copper.
Horseshoe blood is used to kill bacteria and to test drugs.
One litre of horseshoe blood is worth $15 000.
1. In your body, a system is:

□ different tissues working together
□ different organs working together
□ different cells working together
□ different organisms working together
2. A plant contains different organs such as

□ root hair □ water □ palisade □ stem
3. What are the five levels of organization in an organism?

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1.8 The human skeleton

A skeleton is a structural frame that supports an animal body.
Exoskeleton = the external skeleton

Endoskeleton = the internal skeleton
Arthropods have exoskeleton and vertebrates have endoskeleton.
Functions of the skeleton

- to support the body
- to protect delicate organs
- to allow movement at joints
Human skeleton
Human skeleton has 206 bones.
Bones are made up of connective tissue reinforced with calcium and specialised bone cells.
Skull – including the jaw bone

Spine – cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, sacrum and tailbone (coccyx)
Chest – ribs and breastbone (sternum)
Arms – shoulder blade (scapula), collar bone (clavicle), humerus, radius and ulna
Hands – wrist bones (carpals), metacarpals and phalanges
Pelvis – hip bones
Legs – thigh bone (femur), kneecap (patella), shin bone (tibia) and fibula
Feet – tarsals, metatarsals and phalanges
Bone conditions
 Fractures – broken bones of various types
 Osteoporosis – loss of bone density and strength
 Rickets – a child’s growing bones fail to develop due to a lack of vitamin D
1. Complete the boxes with the bones below.

vertebra skull tibia ribs pelvis humerus
2. List three functions of the skeleton.

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3. Fatma is investigating how calcium affects the strength of bones.

Calcium is a mineral found in bones. Fatma uses a chemical to remove the calcium from four bones.
She then tries to bend each bone to find out if it breaks easily.
(a) What question is Fatma trying to answer?

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Fatma does some research and finds that calcium is needed for strong bones.
(b) Write a prediction for Fatma’s investigation.
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(c) Fatma finds that each of the four bones breaks very easily after the calcium has been removed. Does this evidence support her
prediction?
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4. One function of the skeletal system is protection.

(a) Give the name of an organ protected by the skull ………………………………………………………………………
(b) Give the name of an organ protected by the ribs ………………………………………………………………………
(c) State two other functions of the skeletal system ………………………………………………………………………
1.9 Functions of skeletal system

- Support = to hold parts of your body in certain positions
- Protection = to stop parts of your body being damaged
- Movement = to let you move using joints
Muscles
- Muscles are needed to move the skeletons.
- There are about 600 muscles in human body.
Bones
- The human body is like a machine made up of 270 bones at birth.
- Some bones fuse together and adults have 206 bones.
Joints
- A joint is where two or more bones meet to allow movement.
- There are 360 joints in our bodies; some are movable and some are immovable.
Types of joints
Ball and socket joint such as the shoulder and hip joints, allow backward, forward, sideways, and rotating movements.
Hinge joint such as in the fingers, knees, elbows, and toes, allow only bending and straightening movements.
Pivot joints such as the neck joints, allow limited rotating movements.
Ellipsoidal joints such as the wrist joint, allow all types of movement except pivotal movements.
Cartilages
- Cartilage is a connective tissue that protects the ends of long bones.
- They are like rubber-padding at joints. such as knee,
- Cartilage also composes most of the outer ear.
Synovial fluid
- Synovial fluid is a viscous fluid with egg white–like consistency.
- Its function is to reduce friction.
Tendons
- Tendons connect muscles to bones.
Ligaments
Ligament connects bones to other bones.
- Tendons and ligaments are made of fibrous connective tissues.
Antagonistic muscles
- A pair of opposite muscles are called antagonistic muscles.
- Antagonistic muscles work in pair— muscle contraction and muscle relaxation.
https://www.visiblebody.com/learn/skeleton/joints-and-ligaments
1. Which life process do bones and muscles help us with?

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2. Which life process causes the number of bones in a human to decrease?

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3(a) What are the three main jobs of the skeletal system?
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(b) For each job, give the name of a bone that helps with this job.
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2 Micro-organisms and disease

2.1 Bacteria
Bacteria are examples of prokaryotes – unicellular organisms without true nucleus.
They are very small, about 1-2 microns(μm) in length.
Bacteria have a cell wall but do not have organelles.
There are about 4000 species of bacteria found in every habitat on Earth: soil, rock, oceans and even arctic snow.
Some live in or on other organisms including plants and animals including humans.
There are approximately 10 times as many bacterial cells as human cells in the human body.
Bacteria can be regarded both friends and foes on the basis of interaction with human beings.
They can be classified by their shapes.
Cocci – are spherical.

Staphylococcus causes boils. Pneumococcus – pneumonia.

Bacilli – are rod-shaped.
Lactobacillus sours milk. Salmonella typhi – typhoid.

Spirilli – are spiral.
Treponema – syphilis. Vibrio – cholera.
Harmful bacteria
- Some bacteria cause diseases in humans and other organisms such as animals and plants.
- Harmful bacteria are called pathogenic bacteria.
- Antibiotics are used to kill harmful bacteria.
Useful bacteria
- Bacteria in our guts and on our skin help to keep us healthy.
- Bacteria help to decay the bodies of dead plants and animals, and to treat human sweage.
- Bacteria are used in making cheese, yoghurt, wine and vinegar.
How to grow bacteria in a Petri dish
1. Know the safety precautions.
2. Prepare the Petri dishes.
3. Prepare the agar.
4. Introduce bacteria to the Petri dishes.
5. Label and seal the Petri dishes.
6. Place the Petri dishes in a warm, dark place.
7. Test the effectiveness of antibacterial agents.
8. Record your results.
🔑 Do you know?
In 1884, a bacteriologist named Christian Gram created a test that could determine if a bacterium had a thick, mesh-like membrane
called peptidoglycan.
Gram positive have thick peptidoglycan. Gram-positive bacilli infections are treated with antibiotics— penicillin, cloxacillin
and erythromycin.
Gram negative have thin peptidoglycan. They have a hard, protective outer shell, and hence they are difficult to kill. When their cell
wall is disturbed, they release endotoxins that can make your symptoms worse.
Gram-negative bacteria can cause many serious infections such as:
Cholera, a serious intestinal infection
E. coli
Plague, an infection of the lymph nodes and lungs
Salmonella, a digestive infection caused by contaminated food

Typhoid fever
https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/difference-between-gram-positive-bacillus-gram-negative-bacillus
List the three basic shapes of bacteria.

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(a) Reproduction is a life process. What happens in reproduction?

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(b) How do you know that the bacteria in the figure have reproduced?
x 5000
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(c) What does “ x 5000 ” mean?
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2.2 Fungi
Fungi are eukaryotic because they have a membrane-bound nucleus.
They may look like plants but they are not plants.
Green plants are autotrophs— having chloroplasts and can make their own food.
Fungi are heterotrophs— not having chloroplasts and feeding on organic compounds of other plants and animals.
Characteristics of Fungi
- non-vascular
- unicellular or filamentous.
- reproduce by means of spores.
- exhibit alternation of generation.
Types of fungi
Yeasts Moulds Mushroom
- unicellular - multicellular threads(hyphae) – multicellular mushroom-like reproductive
- reproduce by budding - reproduce by spores organ
- useful for making bread, cheese, wine - cause damage to things - reproduce by spores
- some are edible and some are
poisonous
Yeast budding
- asexual reproduction
- small bud forms and splits to form a new daughter cell
Spores in fungi
- some sexual and some asexual reproduction
- release spores into air
- reach suitable places to grow
- some cause fungal diseases in plants and animals
ringworm
1. List the foods you often eat that are made using microorganisms.
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2. Give the name of a microorganism that is not used to make food.

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Activity: Investigating yeast

In what conditions do yeast grow best?
A bread dough contains 100 g of flour, 10 g of sugar, 120 cm3 of water and 7 g of yeast.
Some people add more sugar and some add less. Not everyone leaves the dough at the same temperatur e or for the same time.
(a) A variable is something that may change. List the variables for bread making.
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(b) Write a scientific question using one variable. Start it as “What happens if we change …?
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(c) In an experiment, you can change only one variable. You keep the other variables the same.
Which variables would you keep the same?
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(d) Which variable would you measure?
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(e) Predict what will happen, and explain your prediction.
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(f) How would you use evidence from this experiment to make a conclusion?
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Explain why a fungus in not classed as a plant. Give an example of a fungus.

A fungus does not ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
An example is ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
The genus Coccus refers to spherical or oval bacteria. Cocci are classified according to their arrangements as follows.
coccus diplococci tetrad streptococci staphylococci sarcina
Nutrition
energy grow reproduce move waste change lifespan change

1. All living things …………… some work, some swim, some fly.
2. All living things …………… and get bigger.
3. All living things need and use …………… , some use food, some use sunlight, some use soil.
4. All living things can …………… , some lay eggs, some have babies, some produce seeds.
5. All living things get rid of …………… .
6. All living things react to …………… , some escape predators, some blink, some change.
7. All living things have a …………… . Some living things live longer than others.
8. Living things …………… over time.
4 Variation and classification

Activity
Take photographs of five living things in your environments and classify them scientifically as far as you can.

1 Living Things Living Thing: Secondary Biology Study Guide Aung Khant Kyaw Be (Ece), Delt (Eyu), Ma (English) 095127315

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Secondary Biology Study Guide

Aung Khant Kyaw BE(EcE), DELT(EYU), MA(English) 095127315 1

Animal kingdom = Animalia

Sponge Corals and Flatworm Earthworm Snail Crab Starfish

Vertebrates = animals that have a backbone.

Yellowfin Tuna Red Salamander Gecko Green Parrot Dugong

Plant kingdom = Plantae

Thallophyte Bryophyta Pteridophyte Gymnosperms Angiosperms

Algae Moss Fern Conifer Orchid

Cryophytes Dinoflagellates Euglenoids Slime moulds Protozoans

Synura uvella thumb Phytoplankton Trachelomonas Eumycetozoa Ameba

2. Draw three lines to match the life process to the correct

4. Draw a line below to match the picture to the correct characteristics.

1.1 The characteristics of life

Respiration = gets energy from its food, often using oxygen

1. How many life processes are there?

Baby macaques live in North Africa

3. What parts of our bodies do we use to sense:

4. Explain why movement is essential for survival of an antelope.

1.2 Investigating living organisms

Growth = the increase in cell size and number or maturation

Reasons for movement = To find food and shelter; to avoid danger

Venus fly trap

(a) Complete the graph below to show Hitesh’s results.

1.3 Organs in plants

Flowers = reproductive organs; sensitive to light

1. Match the fusiform roots.

(a) Sweet potato (i)

(b) Turnip (ii)

(c) Indian Radish (iii)

(d) Carrot (iv)

(e) Pea plant (v)

2. Name structures A, B and C on the diagram.

4. State the main function of the leaf.

7. Stems have tubes running through them. Suggest why.

1.4 Organs in humans

Seeing inside your body

X-ray MRI(Magnetic Resonance Imaging) CT scan(Computed tomography) Ultrasound

1. Match the organ systems to the pictures.

(a) Muscular system (i)

(b) Digestive system (ii)

(c) Excretory system (iii)

(d) Nervous system (iv)

(e) Respiratory system (v)

(f) Skeletal system (vi)

(g) Circulatory system (vii)

2. Make lists of organs in each of the organ systems in question 1.

1.5 Looking at cells

1. Choose the correct answer.

2(a) What is a lens above the stage called?

4. When using a microscope, describe one way in which you would:

5. Match the following words.

6. Explain why s specimen needs to be thin.

Differences between animal cells and plant cells

Feature Animal cell Plant cell

Functions of cell structures

Cell structure Functions

3. Insert tick to the right answer in the table.

1.6 Specialised animal cells