WASTE WATER TREATMENT

&
TECHNOLOGIES

PROJECT SUPERVISOR

MR.SANDEEP KUMAR TRIPATHI

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
ABES ENGINEERING COLLEGE
 Team Members
 VAIBHAV 1803200092

 SUSHANT MISHRA 1803200086

 SUMIT KUMAR SINGH 1803200085

 VISHAL SINGH 1803200095

 SATYAM GUPTA 1803200074

 PRAJJWAL PRABHAKAR 1803200054

 PRAKHAR SRIVASTAVA 1803200055

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

LITERATURE REVIEW

OBJECTIVES

REFERENCES
INTRODUCTION
 Water that has been adversely affected in quality by pollutants is called wastewater.

 Wastewater treatment means removing biological or chemical waste products from water
and then there by treated water can be used for other purpose.

 Increasing water demand due to population growth has led to the idea of using
wastewater as a resource. The present study has been proposed to design a small-scale
grey water treatment plant for households as it contains less organic content.

 The steps include collection of grey water, designing, setting up the plant, using different
methods of treatment and to conduct necessary tests according to BIS/APHA.
 Wastewater treatment plants include Agricultural wastewater treatment, Sewage treatment and Industrial
wastewater treatment.

❏ The whole technologies for treating industrial wastewater can be divided into four categories: - Chemical,
Physical, Biological and mathematical approaches.

❏ Wastewater can come from Human Excreta ,Washing Water ,Man Made Liquids ,Industrial waste and
Drainage etc.

❏ Along 10 km stretch of the Musi River (Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh) where wastewater from Hyderabad is
disposed-off, 2100 ha land is irrigated with wastewater to cultivate paddy. Wheat is irrigated with wastewater
in Ahmedabad and Kanpur.

❏ In New Delhi, various vegetables are cultivated on 1700 ha land irrigated with wastewater in area around
Keshopur and Okhla STPs.

❏ Farmers in Kanpur grow roses and marigold with wastewater. In Hyderabad, the farmers cultivating Jasmine
through wastewater. Avenue trees and parks: In Hyderabad, secondary treated wastewater is used to
irrigate public parks and avenue trees. etc
LITERATURE REVIEW
AUTHOR PARAMETERS BRIEF FINDING
INVESTIGATED
Rakesh singh .A
• Effluent are stored from 8-12 ● The resultant water thus obtained is
Dr. Santosh hours in Equalization tank from phosphates, carbon dioxide,
kumar resulting in a homogenous ammonia, nitrogen.
● Lime (800-1000 ppm) is used to correct
mixture.
Shweta singh ph upto 8-9.
● Lime (800-100 ppm) is used ● Alum (200-300 ppm) removed color.
to correct ph upto 8-9. ● Treated water is clear and free from
● Alum (200-300 ppm) to most of the impurities ,can be used for
remove color. for different household purposes like
● Through Aeration BOD & COD watering plants,washing,flushing etc.
reduced to 90%. ● Constructed wetlands can be used as it
need lesser material and energy, are
● Screens are cleaned regularly easily operated, have no sludge
to avoid clogging. disposal problems and have low
. maintenance .
AUTHOR PARAMETERS INVESIGATED BRIEF FINDING
● Wastewater after primary treatment can be
• Primary sedimentation tanks may be round used to irrigate crops that are not
or rectangular basins, typically 3 to 5 m
consumed by humans .
Jayalekshmi SJ deep, with hydraulic retention time between
, Minnu Biju, 2 and 3 hours. ● Anaerobic technologies has advantage of
Jithin ● Algae are capable of eliminating toxic low energy consumption.
substances such as selenium, zinc and
Somarajan, P E ● NF does not require additional chemical
arsenic .
Muhammad ● Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) treatment to reduce hardness
Ajas uses ozone (O3), hydrogen peroxide ● The NF technique may be used for treating
(H2O2) and UV light .
wastewater containing small contaminants
but uneconomical.
● Biosorption is an emerging technology that
is efficient in removing toxic ions.
● Using other treatment methods along with
algae bacteria symbiosis can make the
system more efficient and economical.
AUTHOR PARAMETER INVESTIGATED BRIEF FINDING
● Wastewater after primary treatment can be
used to irrigate crops that are not
Anju Thomas, ● In fine screening the openings differ consumed by humans .
between 1.5 mm to 6.4 mm .
Gayathri V M, ● Anaerobic technologies has advantage of
● Coagulation use aluminium and iron
Sabareesan P ● In acidic condition 32.73mg/l ozone low energy consumption.
Pillai, is required . ● NF does not require additional chemical
Sankeerthana ● Detention period of 3 minutes is treatment to reduce hardness
M enough in skimming tank. ● The NF technique may be used for treating
● Trickling filter diameter should be in
between 30m to 60m. wastewater containing small contaminants
● Biogas can be obtained after sludge but uneconomical.
digestion process. ● Biosorption is an emerging technology that
is efficient in removing toxic ions.
● Using other treatment methods along with
algae bacteria symbiosis can make the
system more efficient and economical.
AUTHOR PARAMETERS INVSTIGATED BRIEF FINDING

P. Velmurugan ● Bio carrier made up of low density ● Fluidized aerobic bio reactor helps to maintain
polypropylene and density of 870 microorganism’s concentration and provide
ARIF SIDDIQUE kg/m^3 and surface area of 524 stability against toxic on the shock load.
m^2 used in fluidized bed reactor. ● This method removes pollutant and increases the
● The largest removal of COD was quality of water more effectively.
attained when the reactor was ● This invention of technology significantly
operated at an air velocity of 0.024 decreases the uses of fresh water at metro
m/s. stations and delivers water as required
● Activated carbon filtration forms standards, can be used for cleaning toilet and
chemical oxidation, kills bacteria sanitary purposes, etc.
and microbial pathogens.
● FBR technology has been an effective method
● FBR consists of Ring-back media as
and has a potential scope for future
biofilm carrier elements helps
maintaining BOD and COD in a improvement in treating wastewater.
compact bioreactor. ● Effective design of reactor helps to achieve
efficient treatment of wastewater.
AUTHOR PARAMETERS INVESTIGATED BRIEF FINDING

Ruksana T P
● In ASP, detention period in ● MBR is a combination of ASP, MF, and UF.
● MBR is good for treating wastewater as it filters
Priyanka T aeration tank is maintained most of the impurities in wastewater but initial cost
between 4 to 6 h. is high.
● In the MBBR, floating plastic ● Use of anaerobic process can better reduce
carbon footprints.
media is provided which ● In anaerobic sludge digestion, sludge produces
remains in suspension biogas which can be used for power generation,
● Microfiltration membrane and the power generated can be used for
operating plant.
with pore sizes ranging from
0.1 to 1.0 μm is used in MBR.
● UASB allows the use of high
hydraulic loading.
AUTHOR PARAMETERS INVESTIGATED BRIEF FINDING

Small Scale Treatment Plant

Jeevan B ● Skimming tank ● Sampling, storage and pretreatment and post
Gowda treatment characterization are carried out for the
● Sedimentation tank
parameters pH, TSS, Turbidity, Total hardness,
G Aishwarya ● Filtration tank
Phosphates, Nitrates, BOD and Coliform as
● Aeration tank prescribed in APHA/BIS (IS 3025-23).
BA Kanchan
● Charcoal filtration ● Low cost, easily operated .
Garg
● Collector ● Good for household wastewater treatment.
❖ Ph for greywater, standard ● In case of irrigation/gardening treated grey water can
be used leading to no additional application of
water,and treated water is 5.86 , fertilizers since it already contains large number of
6.5-8.5, 6.71 respectively. nitrates .
❖ Treated water characteristics are ● Eco Friendly treatment process as there is no use of
in range of permissible limit toxic substances.
except nitrates ,
turbidity(65.5mg/l) , and
color(pale yellow)
OBJECTIVES
1. TO REMOVE OR MODIFY THE POLLUTANTS,TOXICANTS, KILLS PATHOGENS FOR SAFE
DISCHARGEMENT OF WATER TO THE ENVIRONMENT.
2. TO FIND OUT MORE EFFICIENT AND ECONOMICAL WASTEWATER ADVANCED TREATMENT
TECHNOLOGIES.
3. TO FULFILL THE FUTURE WATER DEMAND FOR DRINKING AND OTHER PURPOSES AND TO SAVE
WORLD FROM WATER SCARCITY.
METHODOLOGY
Four common methodology to treat wastewater include:

 PHYSICAL WATER TREATMENT,

 BIOLOGICAL WATER TREATMENT

 CHEMICAL TREATMENT

 SLUDGE TREATMENT
Physical Water Treatment

 No chemicals are involved in this process.

 Processes like screening, sedimentation, aeration, filtration and skimming are used to
remove the solids.

 To remove grease from the surface of wastewater, we used sand paper filter in the
process of filtration.
Biological Water Treatment
 This uses various biological processes to break down the organic matter present in
wastewater, such as soap, human waste, oils and food.
 It can be divided into three categories:

• Aerobic processes: Bacteria decomposes the organic matter and converts it into
carbon dioxide that can be used by plants. Oxygen is used in this process.
• Anaerobic processes: Here, fermentation is used for fermenting the waste at a
specific temperature. Oxygen is not used in anaerobic process.
• Composting: A type of aerobic process where wastewater is treated by mixing it
with sawdust or other carbon sources.
Chemical Treatment
 This treatment involves the use of chemicals in water.
 Chlorine, an oxidizing chemical, is commonly used to kill bacteria which decomposes
water by adding contaminants to it.

 Oxidizing agent used for purifying the wastewater is ozone.

 Neutralization is a technique where an acid or base is added to bring the water to its
natural pH of 7.
Sludge Treatment

This is a solid-liquid separation process where the least possible residual moisture is
required in the solid phase and the lowest possible solid particle residues are required in
the separated liquid phase.
REFERENCES
1. Dean J. G., F. L. Basqui and Lanouette, 1972, Removing heavy metals
from wastewater Env. Sci. Tech. 6:518
2. Huang C. P. 1977, Removal of heavy metals from industrial effluents J.
Env . Eng. Division, ASCE 118 (EE6): 923-947.
3. Loomba, K. and G. S. Pandey 1993, Selective removal of some toxic
metals ions (Hg(II), pb (II) and Zn(II)) by reduction using steel plants
granulated slag. Indian J. Env., Health A:20:105-112.
4. Shrivastava, A.K., A Review on copper pollution and its removal from
water bodies by pollution control Technologies, IJEP 29(6): 552-560,
2009.
5. Journal of environmental Management, vol. 88, issue 3, August 2008, pp.
437-447.
6. Industrial wastewater reuses potential – internet (web)
7. U.S. Environmental protection Agency, Design criteria for Mechanical,
Electric and Fluid system and Washington, D. C.,1974.
8. Raj kumar Agrawal and Piyush Kant Pandey, Productive recycling of
basic oxygen furnace sludge in integrated steel plant. Journal of
scientific and industrial Research, vol. 64, sept. 2005, pp. 702-706.
9. B. Das, S. Prakash, P.S.R. Reddy, VN Mishra, An overview of utilization of
slag and sludge from steel industries, Resources, Conservation and
Recycling Vol. 50, Issue1, March 2007, pp. 40-57.
10. Richard D. Hook, Steel Mill Sludge Recovery, Journal. Water pollution
control Federation, vol.33, No. 10 (Oct. 1961) pp.1.