Exam #1 BMB 514 – Medical Biochemistry 9/17/10

STEP 1 - NAME (Print clearly) _________________ ____________________________

(first) (last)

Circle your college and campus: 301 --- CHM-EL

302 --- CHM-GR
303 --- COM-EL
304 --- COM-DMC
305 --- COM-MUC

STEP 2 – Fill in your answer sheet with a #2 scoring pencil, as follows:

 Print your first and last name on the line provided

 Code in your Student Number (PID)
 Your section is already coded on your scantron.
 Code in the correct FORM ..... This is Form A
 Sign your name in the signature box. By signing the answer sheet for this exam, the student certifies
that he/she has adhered to the policies of academic honesty in the performance of this exam.

STEP 3 - Read these instructions:

 Page 2 of this exam contains information that may be useful to you: (a) abbreviations for the
amino acids; (b) pKa values of functional groups; and (c) table of logarithms.
 A simple calculator is supplied for your use during this exam. No other electronic or
computational devices are to be used. Turn off cell phones; keep them out of sight.
 The proctors have the authority/responsibility to assign any student a different seat at any
time, without implication and without explanation, before or during the examination, as they
deem necessary. Accomplish any relocation quietly and without discussion.
 Make sure your exam has 32 questions.
 We will not answer questions of clarification. However, if you think there is an error on your
exam, summon an exam proctor.
 Read each question very carefully. Choose the single, best answer and mark this answer
on your answer sheet. No points will be added for correct answers which appear on the
exam page but not on the answer sheet.
 When you finish, carefully follow the instructions at the end of the exam. When you leave
the exam room, please turn in your answer sheet AND your exam to the proctors standing
by the doors INSIDE the auditorium. Once you exit the auditorium, please leave the
building. Hallway conversations disturb those still taking the exam.
 There will be answer keys to this exam posted on the course website by 5:00 p.m. the day of the exam.
You may wish to copy your responses from your answer sheet onto the answer grid on the LAST page
of this exam so that you can check your results. You can tear off the last page and take it with you.
 You have 70 minutes to complete this exam. No additional time will be allowed for transfer of answers
from the exam to the answer sheet. We will close the exam promptly at 9:10 a.m. Once we withdraw
the boxes for the answer sheets from the doors, no additional answer sheets will be accepted.

STEP 4 – Wait until instructed to proceed with the exam!

INFORMATION THAT MAY BE USEFUL FOR THE EXAM

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Questions 1-3: The structure of the sweentener Aspartame, consisting of a methyl ester of a dipeptide, is
shown below. Some of the carbon atoms in the molecule are numbered, 1 through 6. Use this structure
and the numbering system to answer questions 1 - 3.

1) Which numbered carbon is directly linked in a peptide bond?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

2) This molecule, containing naturally occurring amino acids, is in which optical configuration?
A) D, D
B) D, L
C) L, D
D) L, L

3) At pH 3 (common pH of soda) what would be the charge of this molecule?

A) +2
B) +1
C) 0
D) -1
E) -2

4) Which of the following statements about protein structure is correct?

A) The α-helix is stabilized primarily by ionic interactions between the side chains of amino
acids.
B) The formation of the disulfide bond in a protein requires that the two participating cysteine
residues be adjacent to each other in the primary sequence of the protein.
C) The stability of quaternary structure in proteins is mainly due to covalent bonds among the
subunits.
D) The denaturation of proteins always leads to irreversible loss of secondary and tertiary
structure.
E) The information for the correct folding of a protein is contained in the specific sequence
of amino acids along the polypeptide chain.
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5) Which of the following best illustrates hydrophobic forces that stabilize the conformation of some proteins?

A) clustering of nonpolar amino acid side chains in the interior of globular proteins.
B) heat denaturation of globular proteins.
C) the unfolding of proteins at low pH.
D) the formation of α-helices.
E) the formation of β-pleated sheets.

6)

As shown above, phosphoric acid has three ionizable protons, with the pKa values indicated. The buffering
capacity of phosphoric acid is LEAST at pH:

A) 2.1
B) 4.6
C) 6.8
D) 7.4
E) 12.3
CH2OH CH2OH
CH2OH O OH
C O C O
H H OH H
H H H OH
C C C C
OH H OH H H CH2OH
OH OH H OH
C C C C
OH H
H OH H OH
1 2 3
CH2OH
HO CH2 O OH C O
OH OH
H
H H C C
H H OH H
H H
C C
OH OH H OH
4 5

7) Which of the above molecules are anomers?

A) molecules 1 and 2
B) molecules 2 and 5
C) molecules 1 and 5
D) molecules 3 and 4
E) molecules 1 and 4

8) Which of the above molecules is a component of ribonucleotides?

A) molecule 1
B) molecule 2
C) molecule 3
D) molecule 4
E) molecule 5
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 O O
C O- C O-
H C OH C O
CH3 CH3

1 2

9) In the reaction drawn above, what has happened to molecule 1 to convert it to molecule 2?

A) Phosphorylation
B) Oxidation
C) Isomerization
D) Dehydration
E) Reduction

10) For the reaction drawn above, what type of enzyme would carry out this reaction?

A) Epimerase
B) Isomerase
C) Hydrolase
D) Kinase
E) Dehydrogenase

Questions 11-14 refer to the diagram below. Identify the letters A - E in the diagram with chemical
names. Then, match the chemical name in each question with the appropriate letter.

11) Carbon dioxide

12) Bicarbonate

13) Oxygenated hemoglobin

14) Carbonic acid

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15) The differences between hemoglobin and myoglobin include

A) hemoglobin is a tetramer whereas myoglobin is a monomer.

B) hemoglobin exhibits a sigmoidal O2 saturation curve while myoglobin exhibits a hyperbolic curve.
C) hemoglobin exhibits O2 binding cooperativity while myoglobin does not.
D) hemoglobin exhibits a lower degree of O2 saturation at all physiologically relevant partial
pressures of O2 than does myoglobin.
E) all of the above

16) What effect does alkalemia due to hyperventilation have on the oxygen binding affinity of hemoglobin?

A) P50 and oxygen affinity decrease.

B) P50 and oxygen affinity increase.
C) P50 decreases and oxygen affinity increases.
D) P50 increases and oxygen affinity decreases.
E) P50 and oxygen affinity remain the same.

17) A common practice of competitive short-distance runners is to breathe rapidly and deeply for about half a
minute before running in a 100-meter dash. The purpose of this hyperventilation is to achieve:

A) Metabolic Acidosis
B) Metabolic Alkalosis
C) Respiratory Acidosis
D) Respiratory Alkalosis
E) Acid-base Normalcy

18) A 27-year old male is rushed into the emergency room in a coma and experiencing respiratory depression.
Data from the clinical biochemistry lab are compared with normal values below. Additional case history
indicates the patient is suffering from a narcotic overdose. What is the immediate cause for the low pH
value of the blood?

Patient Normal

pH 7.1 7.4
Total CO2 content 26.4 26 mM
pCO2 ? 40 mm Hg
[HCO3-] ? 24 mM

(For calculations, use 6.1 for the pKa of bicarbonate buffer and 0.03 mM/mm Hg for the solubility coefficient of
CO2 at 37 oC.)

A) The narcotic overdose affected the kidney's ability to adjust to an increased [HCO3-].
B) The narcotic overdose affected the kidney's ability to adjust to a decreased [CO2 (d)].
C) The narcotic overdose led to a decreased respiratory rate, which in turn led to an increase in [CO2 (d)].
D) The narcotic overdose led to an increased respiratory rate, which in turn led to a decrease in [CO2 (d)].
E) Utilizing the value of total CO2 content and the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, one can conclude
that there is an increase in [HCO3-].

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19) Repeated laboratory results over the past three weeks suggest that your patient suffers from acidemia. In
the most recent visit, blood tests yielded the following results (normal values in parenthesis):

pH = 7.34 (7.4)
pCO2 = 60 mm Hg (40 mm Hg)
[HCO3-] = 31 mM (24 mM)

The problem is most likely due to:

A) hyperventilation due to hypoxia

B) vomiting and nasogastric suction
C) chronic respiratory center depression and central hypoventilation
D) diabetic ketoacidosis
E) none of the above

20) A substrate S can be degraded by two different isozymes (#1 and #2), both obeying Michaelis-Menten
kinetics. The Km for isozyme #1 is 0.1 mM and the corresponding value for isozyme #2 is 10 mM. Both
isozymes have the same Vmax. If [S] = 5 mM, which of the following statements is correct?

A) Isozyme #1 will degrade S faster than isozyme #2.

B) Isozyme #2 will degrade S faster than isozyme #1.
C) Isozyme #1 will degrade S at a rate equal to half of its maximal velocity.
D) Isozyme #2 will degrade S at a rate equal to half of its maximal velocity.
E) Isozyme #2 will degrade S at its maximal velocity.

In the figure below, the solid line shows the dependence of the rate of an enzyme catalyzed reaction v
(μmol/min) as a function of the substrate concentration [S] (mM). Also shown (dotted line) is the dependence
of the rate on substrate concentration in the presence of an inhibitor (at a concentration of 2 mM). Questions
21-23 refer to this figure.

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21) Regarding the activity of the enzyme in the absence of the inhibitor (solid line), which of the following
conclusions is correct?

A) The Vmax of the enzyme is 0.5 μmol/min.

B) The Km of the enzyme is 2 mM.
C) When [S] = 2 mM, v = 2 μmol/min.
D) Vmax/Km = 0.5 μmol/min (mM)-1
E) When [S] = 1 mM, v = 1 μmol/min.

22) In the presence of the inhibitor (dotted line), the Km' (apparent Km) of the enzyme, in units of mM, is:

A) 0.25
B) 0.5
C) 1.0
D) 2.0
E) 4.0

23) On the basis of the graphs shown above, which of the following statements correctly describes the nature of
the inhibitor/inhibition?

A) The inhibitor is competitive.

B) The inhibitor is non-competitive.
C) The inhibitor acts as a positive effector.
D) The inhibitor is likely to bind to a site distinct from the active site of the enzyme.
E) The inhibitor is likely to act as an allosteric effector.

24) All of the following statements about allosteric enzymes are true except:

A) allosteric enzymes usually contain more than one subunit

B) allosteric enzymes display Michaelis-Menten kinetics
C) allosteric enzymes are often subject to feedback inhibition
D) allosteric enzymes are often regulated by ligands binding to sites different than the active sites
E) allosteric effectors can act to either increase or decrease affinity for substrate at the active sites

25) Using the table to the right, what would be the classification of a medical student who weighs 130 lbs
and
is 5’10”? Classification BMI
Underweight: below 18.5
BMI = (weight in lbs x 704)/(Height in inches)2
A) Underweight Normal: 18.5 - 24.9
B) Normal
Overweight: 25 - 29.9
C) Overweight
D) Obese Obese: above 30

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Questions 26 -28 refer to the following five structures (I – V)

I II III

IV V

26) Which of the structures is not a B vitamin?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V

27) Which of the above structures depicts a coenzyme derivative performing its role as a carrier of carbon
chains?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V

28) A patient is brought into the clinic and has been diagnosed with suffering from a severe deficiency of the
vitamin that gives rise to the coenzyme derivative depicted in V. What symptoms would you expect to see
in this patient?

A) Pernicious anemia
B) Scaly dermatitis and glossitis of the tongue
C) Pellegra presented as dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia
D) Scurvy presented as loss of teeth and bleeding gums and mucus tissues
E) Beri Beri presented as cardiovascular abnormalities, muscle weakness, and mental confusion
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29) Which of the following statements regarding catabolic and anabolic processes is true?

A) Anabolic processes create ATP

B) Muscle contraction and ion transport are types of anabolic processes
C) Carbohydrates and proteins are broken down in anabolic processes
D) Catabolism is considered the utilization phase of the energy cycle
E) Absorption, breakdown, and oxidation are the three phases of anabolic processes

30) What is the G0’ of the reaction:

ATP  Pi + ADP

If the equilibrium concentrations are [ATP] = 10 M, [Pi] = 0.1 M, [ADP] = 10 M and given that
G’ = Go’ + 1.4log[products]/[reactants]

A) -1.4 kcal/mol
B) -2.8 kcal/mol
C) +2.8 kcal/mol
D) -0.14 kcal/mol
E) +1.4 kcal/mol
31) Consider the following reactions:

AB Go’ = +5.3 kcal/mol

CD Go’ = -0.8 kcal/mol

If a single enzyme is capable of coupling the two reactions what would the free energy change (G’) of the
reaction: A + C  B + D be if [A] = 1.0 M, [B] = 0.1 M, [C] = 10 M and [D] = 0.1 M
G’ = Go’ + 1.4log[products]/[reactants]

A) +0.3 kcal/mol
B) -1.7 kcal/mol
C) +1.7 kcal/mol
D) +8.7 kcal/mol
E) +1.1 kcal/mol

32) All of the following statements about metabolism are correct except?

A) Insulin, glucagon, and epinephrine play central roles in metabolic control

B) Your basic metabolic rate (BMR) is dependent upon your age and gender
C) Your kidneys are the primary organ of metabolism
D) Acetyl CoA is produced from the breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, and protein
E) Daily energy expenditures are comprised of BMR, physical activity, and diet-induced thermogenesis

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END OF EXAMINATION Tear off this sheet and save to check your answers.

Please remember to:

 Write the letter corresponding to your FORM in the appropriate place on the answer sheet.
 SIGN AND RETURN YOUR EXAMINATION to an instructor before leaving the exam room.

FORM: A

1. _______ 11. _______ 21. _______ 31. _______

2. _______ 12. _______ 22. _______ 32. _______

3. _______ 13. _______ 23. _______

4. _______ 14. _______ 24. _______

5. _______ 15. _______ 25. _______

6. _______ 16. _______ 26. _______

7. _______ 17. _______ 27. _______

8. _______ 18. _______ 28. _______

9. _______ 19. _______ 29. _______

10. _______ 20. _______ 30. _______

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