Ch3 Material Balance 2

3/29/2011
Zerihun Alemayehu (AAiT-CED)
 Tools for quantitative understanding of the behavior of

environmental systems.
 For accounting of the flow of energy and materials into
and out of the environmental systems.
1
3/29/2011
 For balanced flow (Qin = Qout) and no reaction, the mass

balance becomes
dM
 cinQin  coutQout
dt
Where M = CV. The solution is
  t    t 
Ct  C0 exp     C1 1  exp   
       
Where  = V/Q
 Flushing of nonreactive contaminant from a CMFR by a

contaminant-free fluid
 Which means Cin = 0 and the mass balance becomes
dM
 coutQout
dt
Where M = CV. The initial concentration is C0=M/V
  t 
For time t  0 we obtain Ct  C0 exp   
   
20
3/29/2011
 For balanced flow (Qin = Qout) and first-order reaction the

mass balance becomes
dM
 CinQin  CoutQout  kCoutV
dt
Where M = CV. By dividing with Q and V we have
 Cin  Cout   kCout

dC 1
dt 
21
3/29/2011
For stead-state conditions dC/dt=0

Co Co
Cout  Cout 
1  k OR 1  k
Decay Formation
Co Co
Concentration, Cin
0 0
Time Time
A step decrease in influent concentration (Cin=O)

for non-steady-state conditions with first-order decay
dM
 0  CoutQout  kCoutV
dt
Where M = CV. By dividing with Q and V we have
dC  1    Co  
   k Cout Cout  Co exp   t 
dt     1  k  
22
3/29/2011
Concentration, Cin
Concentration, Cin
C0
C0
0
0 Time
Time
Effluent concentration
Influent concentration
A chemical degrades in a flow-balanced, steady-

state CMFR according to first-order reaction kinetics.
The upstream concentration of the chemical is 10
mg/L and the downstream concentration is 2 mg/L.
Water is being treated at a rate of 29 m3/min. The
volume of the tank is 590 m3. What is the rate of
decay? What is the rate constant?
23
3/29/2011
 For a first-order reaction, the rate of decay, r =-kC, thus we

have to solve for kC from
dM
 CinQin  CoutQout  kCoutV
dt
 For steady-state, dM/dt = 0 and for balanced flow, Qin =
Qout
CinQin  CoutQout (10mg / L  2mg / L)(29m3 / min)
r  kC  
V 580m3
 r=kC=0.4
 For a first-order reaction in a CMFR

Co
Cout 
1  k
 The mean hydraulic detention time is
V 580m3
   20 min
Q 29m3 / min
 Solving for the rate constant we get
(Co / Cout )  1 (10mg / L / 2mg / L)  1
k   0.20 min 1
 20 min
24
3/29/2011
Topics Presentation Date

Ground water pollution and remediation
Global warming and greenhouse gas effect
Recent climate change and its impact April 11
Noise Pollution and Control
Hazardous and Radioactive wastes
Automobiles and the environment
Product life cycle assessment April 18
A case study of a green building
Recycling, reuse and resource recovery

Investigate a renewable source of energy
Environmental Impact of Mining April 25
Effect of Climate change on Water Resource
and its mitigate measures
Water Quality and Treatment technologies
Wastewater treatment and reuse
Nanotechnology and the environment May 2
How to save our Environment
25
3/29/2011

Industrial Ecology and sustainable
Development
Urbanization and its Environmental
Impacts
May 9
Environmental Effects of Natural Hazards
visit
aaucivil.wordpress.com/enveng
26
3/29/2011
Report format
20 to 30 pages
Cover page: Title and Group member names
Table of content
References
Last Date of Submission: June 17, 2011
 Ground water pollution and remediation

 Hazardous and Radioactive wastes
 Noise Pollution and Control
 Explore some approaches to reduce the environmental
impacts of construction
 What can be done to make buildings more energy efficient?
 Product life cycle assessment (choose specific product, e.g.,
cars, computers, etc)
 Global warming and greenhouse gas effect
 A case study of a green building: what is green and what are
the interesting design approaches (consider materials, energy
efficiency, lighting, water use, etc.)?
27
3/29/2011
 Recent climate change and its impact

 Risk assessment and decision analysis
 Recycling, reuse and resource recovery
 Investigate a renewable source of energy (such as wind,
solar, geothermal), or a new technology that will reduce
greenhouse gas emissions due to energy consumption
(such as fuel cells or hydrogen fuel).
 Indoor air quality and models
 Automobiles and the environment
 Ecological Foot prints
 Air quality measurement and analysis
28

Ch3 Material Balance 2

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Ch3 Material Balance 2

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Ch3 Material Balance 2

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

3/29/2011

Zerihun Alemayehu (AAiT-CED)

 Tools for quantitative understanding of the behavior of

 For balanced flow (Qin = Qout) and no reaction, the mass

 Flushing of nonreactive contaminant from a CMFR by a

 For balanced flow (Qin = Qout) and first-order reaction the

 Cin  Cout   kCout

For stead-state conditions dC/dt=0

A step decrease in influent concentration (Cin=O)

A chemical degrades in a flow-balanced, steady-

 For a first-order reaction, the rate of decay, r =-kC, thus we

 For a first-order reaction in a CMFR

Topics Presentation Date

Topics Presentation Date

Recycling, reuse and resource recovery

Topics Presentation Date

 Ground water pollution and remediation

 Recent climate change and its impact

You might also like

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.