CHAPTER 2

REVIEW RELATED LITERATURE

The shift was dubbed "extremely depressing" by a professional group of social workers, while Gov. Greg
Abbott's office argued it was required to comply with existing state law. Tracker for Coronavirus a new
Texas law allows social workers to refuse LGBTQ or disabled clients. The shift was dubbed "extremely
depressing" by a professional group of social workers, while Gov. Greg Abbott's office argued it was
required to comply with existing state law. On June 28, 2017, activists and members of Austin's LGBTQ
community gathered on the legislative steps to commemorate the Stonewall riots of 1969. These riots
mark a watershed moment in the history of the current LGBTQ movement in the United States. On June
28, 2017, activists and members of Austin's LGBTQ community gathered on the steps of the state Capitol
to commemorate the Stonewall riots of 1969. Credit: The Texas Tribune/Austin Price Sign up for The
Brief, our daily newsletter that keeps you informed about the most important stories in Texas. A state
regulatory board's decision this week to reduce protections for LGBTQ and disabled clients seeking
social work services has sparked outrage among Texas social workers. The Texas State Board of Social
Work Examiners overwhelmingly decided Monday to modify a provision of its code of conduct that
defines when a social worker may decline to service someone. The guideline will no longer allow social
workers to refuse clients based on their handicap, sexual orientation, or gender identity.

The adjustment was proposed by Gov. Greg Abbott's office, according to board members, since the
code's nondiscrimination provisions went beyond those provided by state law, which controls how and
when the state may reprimand social workers.

Reference

https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.texastribune.org/2020/10/14/texas-social-workers-rule-
discrimination-lgbt-disabilities/amp/
With the advantage of hindsight, our last Editorial (‘Working on the Front Line: What War Are We
Talking About?’) may appear ill-advised, given the vocabulary of warfare has dominated our news
programs in the space of a few weeks. Nations all over the world are in lockdown to combat the spread
of the coronavirus (COVID-19), and social work and social care are no exception. Problems caused by
isolation in residential care for older people; exacerbation of anxiety and paranoia in those with long-
term mental health problems; families barred from embracing their loved ones at the end of life; the
operation of social distancing in prisons; how to survive, let alone self-isolate, at home for people who
have no home; the risks posed to social care staff who all too often do not have adequate personal
protection equipment nor are they abreast of the latest developments in the field Isn’t this, after all, a
war in which, as our political leaders continuously remind us, we’re all in it together, the virus knowing
no bounds? Despite this, the core messages of our previous Editorial remain relevant in a world where
striking a balance between realism and denial, fear and fortitude, varies from day to day. The truth is
that some people are in a lot better position to get through this than others, and social work, as always,
must look out for and advocate for the most marginalized and vulnerable people in our society. We
must take the lead now, more than ever, in forming coalitions that will share and adapt existing
expertise to solve concerns of well-being and survival for those who lack the capacity to do so on their
own. 1 While our focus has shifted to life in the “new normal,” with debates about critical care beds and
ventilators dominating the news, it’s easy to forget the fact that people continue to experience
breakdown and crisis, requiring routine support services. The first three pieces in this issue, all from the
United Kingdom, are about three groups who are disproportionately affected. Without going too far, it’s
also possible that we can apply what we’ve learned from these pieces to our new world, maybe most
notably in mental health services. Wickersham, Nairi, Jones, and Lloyd-Evans report on a mixed methods
study that looked at the risk variables that lead to obligatory admissions to psychiatric hospitals in
England in the first piece. They point out that, in comparison to other European countries, there has
been a large increase in admissions in England and Wales in recent years. Although there could be a
variety of reasons for this (including a lack of alternatives as a result of austerity), the approved mental
health professional (usually a social worker but not always) who initiates the formal compulsory
admission process must be certain that admission is the best option available for the individual and
society. Mason and Evans’ second piece looks at how social workers collaborate with different
disciplines and organizations in the realm of adult self-neglect. In this time of turmoil, this is a thought
that will connect with many of us. They argue that the necessity of collaboration as a dynamic process
must be recognized since the complexity involved are critical to service integration. Chan, Vickers, and
Barnard, the section’s concluding piece, offer a qualitative study of long-term informal caring in the
United Kingdom. They provide insights into the variety of expertise and knowledge that informal carers
indicated as being their motivation to care for family members on a long-term basis by using the
concept of ‘finding meaning’ in caring. Caregivers frequently make sacrifices in their professional and
informal social lives as a result of the expectations placed on them. In the context of increased
constraints and self-isolation imposed in an attempt to prevent the spread of COVID-19, finding purpose
could be a crucial idea.

Reference:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7197589/
Social workers aid in the alleviation of pain, the pursuit of social justice, and the improvement of
people's lives and communities. When most people think of poverty reduction and child welfare, they
think of social workers. That type of job is done by many social workers, and we also do a lot more.
Social professionals were among the most well-known members of society. Our profession was founded
by Jane Addams. Dorothy Height and Whitney Young were both civil rights icons, and Frances Perkins
was President Franklin D. Roosevelt's Secretary of Labor. These individuals were all social workers.
During some of our most trying periods, they made significant contributions to our civilization. These
forerunners paved the way for today's social workers. They exemplified our dedication to activism,
social justice, and assisting individuals, families, and communities in need. We can be found at hospitals,
assisting patients with acute and chronic illnesses. We provide treatment and community health
facilities to help students stay in school and avoid dropping out. We assist inmates as they reintegrate
into society and provide rehabilitative services in drug and alcohol treatment clinics. In nursing facilities
and homeless shelters, we provide outreach and long-term care. We work with military and veteran
patients as clinical therapists. We're also first responders in the event of a natural disaster. Executive
directors of nonprofit organizations, community organizers, and professors are all examples of social
workers. We are business executives as well as members of Congress. If you recognize yourself in any of
these roles, you should consider pursuing a career in social work.

Reference:

https://www.socialworkers.org/Careers/NASW-Career-Center/Explore-Social-Work/Why-Choose-the-
Social-Work-Profession
Administrative and managerial positions frequently overlap in human service businesses and demand
talents from both domains, therefore it’s crucial to understand what each term includes. Management is
more concerned with the execution of policies defined by the administration and the supervision of
subordinates, whereas administration is more concerned with the determination of organizational
policies, financial coordination, service provision, and determining the organization’s direction. At the
executive level, administrators make policies and decisions, while managers put those policies and
decisions into action to fulfill the organization’s goals and objectives (see Kettner 2002 in Introductory
Works). Planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and regulating are the five components of
management activity. This article contains information for social work managers working in public,
nonprofit, and private companies, as 33 percent of social workers work for the government and 66
percent for nonprofit and for-profit private organizations. Furthermore, because social work
management can occur at several organizational levels, this analysis covers not just upper-level social
work administration and management, but also middle-level management, or supervision. There is a
solid range of basic literature on upper-level management for those interested in learning about social
work management and administration. The number of texts on middle-level management, or
supervision, is significantly smaller. Patti 1997, a detailed review of essential tasks and responsibilities of
social work managers and administrators, is a wonderful location to start your journey into the realm of
social work management and administration. Brody 2005, Kettner 2002, and Lewis et al. 2006 are
among the most extensively utilized introductory works on upper-level management and
administration. The book Lohmann and Lohmann 2002 is largely aimed at social work students. Dolgoff
2005 and Tsui 2005 are the greatest introductory texts on supervisory responsibilities and roles. Both
texts provide an outline of social work supervision’s primary functions and issues. The Association for
Community Organization and Social Administration (ACOSA) provides a wealth of resources for social
work managers and administrators, while the National Network for Social Work Managers website lists
leadership and management practice standards and provides a relatively limited number of links to
resources for social work managers as well as articles about social work.

Reference:

https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780195389678/obo-9780195389678-
0097.xml
Couples counseling is provided by a social worker. Both in and out of the medical sector, social workers
play an important role in satisfying the different and complicated needs of individuals. Social workers
use a person-centered approach to address the physical, behavioral, and mental health issues that affect
communities all over the world. They offer one-on-one counseling, assist in the resolution of health-
related issues, and ensure that clients have access to government programs and other social services.
Case management is one of the most significant responsibilities of social workers, and it necessitates a
certain set of abilities and interpersonal skills. Professionals must gain a strong awareness of the case
management process and the standards set by relevant organizations, such as the National Association
of Social Workers, in order to prepare for a successful social work career. This helps to explain why so
many aspiring and existing social workers pursue postgraduate degrees. Students who complete a
Master of Socioeconomic Work program learn about case management planning, human services, and
the social determinants of health. These learning outcomes get to the heart of social work practice,
providing multidisciplinary perspectives on health care delivery, patient interventions, and mental
health counseling. However, a case manager’s responsibilities vary based on where they work, their area
of specialization, and their level of experience. This raises a number of crucial issues. Case management
skills are used by social workers to give holistic support to clients from various cultural and
socioeconomic backgrounds. Rather than focusing just on health-related concerns such as chronic
illnesses, mental health disorders, and comorbidities, they also address major social and environmental
factors that influence people’s well-being. Case managers in social work, for example, might think about
how a client’s lack of access to human services can make it more difficult for them to overcome mental
health issues. According to the NASW, this person-in-environment view helps social workers to look
beyond patients’ “biopsychosocial state,” resulting in improved health outcomes. Case management in
social work is all about fulfilling the diverse needs of individuals and their families. Professionals must
carefully examine patients’ existing circumstances, arrange for social assistance, coordinate care
delivery, and monitor the impact of their support efforts. In social work, case management considers
both micro and macro health variables, with intervention occurring at both the client and system levels.
As a result, social workers must possess excellent interpersonal skills, knowledge of the case
management process, and the capacity to establish therapeutic connections with clients.

Reference

https://onlinedegrees.unr.edu/blog/what-is-case-management-in-social-work/