An Updated Checklist of The Orchids of Maharashtra, India: Lankesteriana April 2018

See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.
net/publication/324537096
An updated checklist of the orchids of Maharashtra, India
Preprint in Lankesteriana · April 2018

DOI: 10.15517/lank.v18i1.32699
CITATION READS
1 4,112
2 authors, including:
Jeewan Singh Jalal

Botanical Survey of India
101 PUBLICATIONS 410 CITATIONS
SEE PROFILE
Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:
I am working on Orchids View project
All content following this page was uploaded by Jeewan Singh Jalal on 16 April 2018.
The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

LANKESTERIANA 18(1): 23–62. 2018. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/lank.v18i1.32699
AN UPDATED CHECKLIST OF THE ORCHIDS OF MAHARASHTRA, INDIA

Jeewan Singh Jalal* & J. Jayanthi
Botanical Survey of India, Western Regional Centre, Pune – 411 001, Maharashtra, India
*Corresponding author’s email: jeewan.orchid@gmail.com
Abstract. A checklist of the Orchidaceae of Maharashtra is presented based on herbarium collections and recent
botanical explorations. This list comprises 32 genera with 106 taxa. The best represented genus is Habenaria
with 23 species, followed by Dendrobium with eleven, Eulophia and Oberonia with seven and Peristylus with
six. In Maharashtra, the total endemic orchid species are 41 spread over in 13 genera. Of these 30 species, six
species are endemic to Peninsular India and five species are endemic to India. Generally orchids are found in the
nine major habitats in Maharashtra of which the best representation was observed in the semi-evergreen forests
(55 species) followed by moist deciduous forests (48 species), high altitude rocky plateaus (26 species) and dry
deciduous forests (25 species). Flowering, habit, habitat, endemic status and distribution in Maharashtra are
presented in the checklist.
Key words: India, Maharashtra, orchids, Western Ghats
Introduction. The Maharashtra state of the Western (1907) described 31 genera and 75 species of orchids
India is known for its flowering plant wealth was from Bombay Presidency. Subsequently, Blatter and
explored since 18th century by Law, Graham, Nimmo, McCann (1931a, b, c, 1932) revised the orchid flora
Sykes, Jacquemont, Gibson and Dalzell, followed of Bombay Presidency and documented 132 species
by Birdwood, Nairne, Hallberg, Acland, Cooke, under 37 genera including many endemic orchids.
Woodrow, Gammie & Ryan, etc. Graham was the They explored the dense forest of North Kanara
pioneer to publish a Catalogue of Bombay Plants district as well as Konkan area of Maharashtra and
where he mentioned 31 species of orchids under 11 made collections. However, many of those species
genera (Graham 1839). The following publication was collected do not precisely indicate the localities and
by Dalzell and Gibson (1861) titled ‘Flora of Bombay’ a majority of these collections are hardly available in
that described 57 species of orchids under 23 genera. Indian herbaria such as BSI, BLAT, CAL, etc.
However, prior to this Dalzell separately published Santapau (1903–1970) had a special interest on
his floristic work in the form of articles in ‘Hooker’s the flora of Western Ghats and his explorations had
Journal of Botany and Kew Garden Miscellany’ from resulted in publication of several floras significant
1850 to 1852. Nairne (1894) in his book ‘Flowering to this region. He critically re-investigated the
Plants of Western India’ mentioned 45 orchid species Orchidaceae of Bombay State and published series of
under 14 genera. Birdwood (1886) mentioned six articles in Journal of Bombay Natural History Society
species of orchids in his catalogue of the flora of in 1959–1963. Later on in 1966, these published
Matheran. After that, he produced a catalogue of the articles were reprinted in the form of book “The
flora of Mahabaleshwar and Matheran (Birdwood Orchids of Bombay”. The work enumerates a total of
1887) and mentioned 19 orchid species. Woodrow 118 taxa under 36 genera. The Botanical Survey of
(1898–1900) documented 68 orchids in Flora of India (BSI) after its reorganization in 1956 established
Western India. Gammie (1904a, b, 1906, 1907a, b, its Western Circle at Pune. Since then several BSI
1908a, b, 1909a, b, 1910, 1911a, b, 1912) published scientists have led plant exploration tours to different
a series of papers in Journal of Bombay Natural places of Maharashtra. Botanists from Agharkar
History Society on orchids of the Bombay Presidency Institute, Pune University, Shivaji University,
and included 61 species under 30 genera. Cooke Kolhapur and Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada
Received 20 June 2017; accepted for publication 12 March 2018. First published online: 13 April 2018.
Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Costa Rica License
24 LANKESTERIANA
University, Aurangabad have also made frequent

plant collection in the state and published several new
records and rediscoveries. In the last half century, a
number of floras have been published on different
regions and districts of Maharashtra. The Botanical
Survey of India published a Flora of Maharashtra in
1996 and accounted for a total 113 orchid taxa under
34 genera. Later, M. R. Almeida also published a
Flora of Maharashtra in 2009 and accounted for a total
157 taxa in 46 genera which included many cultivated
species. Recently Pande et al. (2010) were able to
report 99 species of orchids occurring in the wild in
Figure 1. Location map of Maharashtra.
North Western Ghats (including Maharashtra, Goa
and Karnataka) and lately, Barbhuiya and Salunkhe the peaks of the Western Ghats are more than 1400
(2016) enumerated 122 taxa in 36 genera. Previous m in height. Kalsubai (1646 m) is the highest peak in
enumerations, Almeida (2009) and Barbhuiya and Maharashtra. Other important peaks are Salher (1567
Salunkhe (2016) have included many taxa from m), Mahabaleshwar (1438 m), Saptashringi (1416
cultivated source. Moreover, many species were m) and Trimbakeshwar (1304 m). The extensive
included due to misidentifications, ignorance or lack tableland known as the Deccan or Maharashtra plateau
of critical study. Thus, there is a need to provide a is situated in the eastern region of Western Ghats.
rationalized inventory on the orchids of Maharashtra. Over 90% of the area of the state is occupied by this
plateau: the east-west stretch is 750 km long and the
Materials and Methods north-south width is about 700 km, the average height
is 450 m. It is made of an impervious base of basaltic
Study Area.— The state of Maharashtra lies in the rocks overlaid with Deccan lavas. Tapi, Godavari,
Western and Central part of India between the Bhima and Krishna are the main rivers of the state.
latitudes 22°1’ to16°4’ N and longitudes 72°6’ to 80°9’ This state has a tropical monsoon climate. Over 90%
E. It is bordered by Gujarat and the Union territory of of the rainfall is due to the south-western monsoon
Dadra and Nagar Haveli to the NorthWest, Madhya (June to September). There is heavy rainfall in the
Pradesh to the North and NorthEast, Chhattisgarh to coastal region (about 2000 mm), scanty rains in the
the East, Karnataka to the South, Telangana to the rain shadow areas in the centralparts (about 500 mm)
South East, and Goa to the SouthWest (Fig. 1). It and medium rains in the easternparts (about 1000 mm)
occupies an area of 307,731 km2, which accounts for of the state. As per Champion and Seth (1968) the
about 9.84% of the total area of India. The elevation State has 16 forest types, which belong to six forest
ranges from sea level to 1646 m a.s.l. It comprises type groups i.e., Tropical Semi-Evergreen, Tropical
36 districts and physiographically, this state may be Moist Deciduous, Littoral and Swamp, Tropical Dry
divided into three natural divisions: the coastal strip Deciduous, Tropical Thorn and Subtropical Broad-
(the Konkan), the Sahyadri or the Western Ghats and leaved Hill Forests.
the Maharashtra Plateau. The ‘Konkan’ is a narrow
strip of coastal land lying between the Arabian Sea Data Collection.— The present checklist is an
and the Western Ghats. The western side of the outcome of four years field visits from 2012 to 2015,
Konkan region has a coastal length of about 720 km, supported with critical herbarium (CAL, BSI, BLAT,
whereas the width of this region ranges from 30 to 60 SUK, BAMU, Sardar Patel University Herbarium)
km. The area of the Western Ghats of Maharashtra is studies and vast literature consultation (Almeida
known as ‘Sahyadris’, with a total length of 750 km 1990, 2009, Bachulkar 2010, Bachulkar & Yadav
and average width of 80 km. The western face of the 1993, Bachulkar et al. 2011, Barbhuiya & Salunkhe
Ghats is cut by deep ravines and canyons. Many of 2016, Birdwood 1886, 1887, Blatter 1908, 1909,
LANKESTERIANA 18(1). 2018. © Universidad de Costa Rica, 2018.
Jalal & Jayanthi — Updated checklist of the orchids of Maharashtra 25
1930, Blatter & McCann 1931a,b,c, 1932, Cerejo-

Shivkar & Shinde 2015, Cooke 1907, Datar & Ghate
2012, Gaikwad et al. 2012, Gammie 1904a,b, 1906,
1907a,b, 1908a,b, 1909a,b, 1910, 1911a,b, 1912,
Jalal & Jayanthi 2013, Jalal et al. 2013, Jalal et al.
2014, Kamble & Pradhan 1988, Kothari & Moorthy
1993, Kulkarni 1988, Lakshminarasimhan & Sharma
1991, Lakshminarasimhan et al. 1996, Mudaliar
1991, Nayar & Kochhar 1984, Punekar 2002a,b,
Sanghamitra et al. 2012, Santapau & Kapadia 1966,
Sardesai & Yadav 2004, Sardeshi et al. 2002, Shah &
Badrinath 1985, Ugemuge 1986, Yadav & Sardesai
2002, Yadav & Sardesai 2002). A total of fifteen Figure 2. District wise representation of orchid richness
field visits of 10–20 days duration were undertaken in Maharashtra (data based on herbarium records and
literature).
to collect orchids from selected districts. Priority
was given to those districts from where maximum any Indian herbaria. Habenaria with 23 species is the
numbers of orchid species have been reported (Fig. largest genus in the state followed by Dendrobium
2). A total of 21 districts were surveyed covering all (11), Eulophia and Oberonia (7) and Peristylus (6).
the seasons in the year. Maximum field tours were In Maharashtra, the total endemic orchid species are
undertaken during pre-monsoon (April–May) and 41 spread over in 13 genera. Of these, 30 species are
monsoon (June–September) periods since this is endemic to Western Ghats (Bulbophyllum fimbriatum,
the time with most orchid species flowering. All the B. sterile, B. stocksii, Conchidium filiforme, C.
collected specimens were processed with the standard exile, C. microchilos, Dendrobium aqueum, D.
herbarium technique (Jain & Rao 1977). Specimens barbatulum, D. lawianum, D. microbulbon, D.
collected in vegetative conditions were brought and nanum, D. nodosum, D. ovatum, Gastrochilus
cultivated in the Conservatory of Botanical Survey flabelliformis, Habenaria elwesii, H. foliosa, H.
of India, Pune for observation of flowering. After heyneana, H. hollandiana, H. multicaudata, H.
the study and identification, the standard online ovalifolia, H. rariflora, H. suaveolens, Oberonia
world databases, namely, Govaerts et al. (2016), brunoniana, O. verticillata, Pinalia mysorensis, P.
Tropicos (2016), IPNI (2016) were also consulted polystachya, Plectoglossa perrottiana, Smithsonia
for recent updates on the nomenclature and their maculata, S. straminea and S. viridiflora); six species
global distributional details. Herbarium specimens are endemic to Peninsular India (Aerides maculosa,
collected during field work were deposited in the Eulophia pratensis, Habenaria brachyphylla, H.
herbarium of Botanical Survey of India, Western gibsonii, H. grandifloriformis and H. panigrahiana);
Regional Centre, Pune (BSI). and five species are endemic to India (Dendrobium
herbaceum, Eria reticosa, Eulophia ochreata,
Results and Discussion Peristylus stocksii and Porpax jerdoniana). The
concentrations of endemic orchids are observed
This study has resulted in the documentation of mainly in high rainfall areas such as Khandala-
32 genera and 106 species for Maharashtra State. Lonavala, Mahabaleshwar-Koyna-Chandoli, Amboli
Of which, 53 species are epiphytic and 53 species and Radhanagari of Western Ghats. However, the
are terrestrial, including one mycoheterotrophic Deccan plateau have a significantly lower number of
(Epipogeum roseum). During the present survey 66 species due to the little rainfall. The majority of the
species (62%) were studied alive and were found in endemic species are confined to selected hill tops or
the field, 30 species (28%) were studied in herbarium small hill areas of semi-evergreen forests, plateaus
and the remaining 10 (9%) were included from and moist deciduous forests, making those areas very
literature with no voucher specimens available in important for conservation.
26 LANKESTERIANA
Semi-evergreen forests. These forests are mostly

occurring in patches along the upper elevations
between 500–1000 m. This is an important
vegetation type having rainfall about 2000–4000 mm
and a dry season of seven months. This forest type
includes secondary evergreen dipterocarp forests,
lateritic semi-evergreen forests, bamboo brakes, and
riparian forests as described by Champion and Seth
(1968). Important trees observed in semi-evergreen
forests are Terminalia chebula, T. bellirica, Alstonia
scholaris, Careya arborea, Holigarna arnottiana,
H. grahamii, Macaranga peltata, Mangifera
indica, Mitragyna parviflora, Syzygium cumini,
Ixora brachiata and Kydia calycina. Epiphytic
orchids such as Aerides crispa are found growing
on medium sized trees in open canopies. Similarly,
endemic orchid Smithsonia viridiflora which grows
on tree trunks and is found in the open canopy area.
Interesting examples like Chierostylis parvifolia,
which is a ground orchid but sometimes is found
Figure 3. A. High altitude rocky plateau at Khambadev,
Sindhudurg district, B. A view of semi-evergreen forest at
growing as epiphytes on the crevices of moss laden
Mahabaleshwar, C. Moist deciduous forest during rainy trunks. Dendrobium aqueum and D. microbulbon
season at Kasara ghat, D. Mountain grassy slopes, E. are also found growing as epiphytes on branches
Dry deciduous forest at Melghat Tiger Reserve, Amravati of small trees. Between the gaps of semi-evergreen
district forest patches, Habenaria brachyphylla has found
Habitats. Broadly orchids occur in the following suitable habitat for growth. Peristylus stocksii, P.
major habitats in Maharashtra viz., semi-evergreen plantagineus, P. aristatus, Habenaria ovalifolia
forests, moist deciduous forests, dry deciduous forest, and Malaxis versicolor are generally found in
coastal forests, high altitude rocky plateaus, low undergrowth of evergreen forests. Zeuxine affinis,
altitude rocky plateaus, mountain grassy slopes, semi- Z. longilabris and Habenaria digitata grow under
arid grasslands and roadside avenue plantation (Fig. the shade of semi-evergreen forests. Strobilanthes
3). Of the different habitats the semi-evergreen and callosus is one of the dominant shrubs on the
moist deciduous forests harbors maximum number outskirts of semi-evergreen forests. Habenaria
of species followed by plateaus and dry deciduous heyneana and Pecteilis gigantea are found along the
forests (Table 1). margins of Strobilanthes callosus patches.
Table 1. Orchid species richness in different habitats.

Sl. No. Habitat types Species richness
1 Semi-evergreen forests 55
2 Moist deciduous forests 48
3 Dry deciduous forests 25
4 Coastal forests 3
5 High altitude rocky plateaus 26
6 Low altitude rocky plateaus 10
7 Mountain grassy slopes 9
8 Semi-arid grassland 2
9 Roadside avenue plantations 6

Moist deciduous forests. Moist deciduous forests are tidal swamps and mudflats mostly covered by
are one of the common vegetation types at the base mangroves. Species such as Avicennia officinalis,
of Western Ghats and Konkan region with high Ceriops tagal, Rhizophora mucronata, Sonneratia
rainfall of 1500–2500 mm. The rainfall is restricted to apetala, Lumnitzera racemosa, Excoecaria
south-west monsoon. The common trees are Albizia agallocha, Xylocarpus granatum, Barringtonia
chinensis, Canthium dicoccum, Careya arborea, racemosa and Thespesia populnea are common. In
Catunaregam spinosa, Dalbergia latifolia, Diospyros some localities along Konkan the vegetation is also
chloroxylon, Dillenia pentagyna, Ficus racemosa, mixed with semi-evergreen elements. Orchids such as
Macaranga peltata, Madhuca longifolia, Mallotus Acampe praemorsa, Aerides maculosa and Cottonia
philippensis, Meyna laxiflora, Syzygium cumini, peduncularis are infrequently seen in this type of
Terminalia paniculata and Xylia xylocarpa, etc. The vegetation.
percentage of epiphytic species is more prevalent
in moist deciduous forests than compared to other High altitude rocky plateaus. These habitats
forests types. The top canopy trees shed their leaves are the characteristic features of Western Ghats
in winter, then the epiphytic species start flowering of Maharashtra. These laterites are most typically
soon after this phenomenon. Epiphytic orchids such hardened flat topped hills, also known as tablelands.
as Aerides maculosa, Conchidium microchilos, These have an elevation range between 800 and 1400
Dendrobium barbatulum, D. ovatum, D. peguanum, m, and are found in the districts of Pune, Satara,
Oberonia recurva and common ground orchids such Kolhapur, Sangli, Ratnagiri and Sindhudurg. Lateritic
as Eulophia spectabilis, Geodorum densiflorum, rock shows brown and black colors because of the
Habenaria digitata, H. foliosa, H. gibsonii, Nervilia high concentration of ferrous and aluminum. The soil
concolor, N. crociformis, Pecteilis gigantea, formation on the outcrops is extremely slow and the
Peristylus lawii and P. plantagineus are commonly soil depth varies from a few centimeters on flat areas
found in this habitat. to about a meter in deep cracks and depressions. The
soil is sandy to sandy loam in texture, highly acidic
Dry deciduous forests. This type of forests comprises and poor in phosphates. Fourteen orchid species
mixed tree species which remain deciduous for several were reported in these high altitude rocky plateaus,
months during the dry season. Teak predominates in of these seven species are epiphytic and the rest are
this type of habitat. The rainfall varies from 90–1300 ground orchids. In many plateaus where the soil
mm. Trees such as Tectona grandis, Anogeissus depth is about 1 m, there is support for stunted host
latifolia, Bombax ceiba, Boswellia serrata, trees such as Memecylon umbellatum which forms
Holoptelea integrifolia, Lagerstroemia parviflora, forest patches. These stunted forest patches support
Lannea coromandelica, Hardwickia binata, Butea many epiphytic orchids such as Aerides crispa, A.
monosperma, Erythrina stricta, Sterculia urens etc. maculosa, Bulbophyllum fimbriatum, Conchidium
are common hosts for many epiphytic orchids such as filiforme, Dendrobium aqueum, D. barbatulum, D.
Rhynchostylis retusa, Vanda tessellata and V. testacea. herbaceum, D. microbulbon and Oberonia recurva.
In the rainy season ground orchids such as Eulophia Sometimes epiphytic species are also seen growing on
spectabilis, Habenaria furcifera, H. plantaginea, H. the boulders as lithophytes. Boulders are found on the
roxburghii, Nervilia concolor, N. crociformis, and plateau, either aggregated or scattered. Conchidium
Pecteilis gigantea are commonly found. reticosum always grows on small boulders on
plateaus. The shady surface also supports terrestrial
Coastal forests. Although in Maharashtra there is no orchids such as Habenaria brachyphylla, H. foliosa,
well defined coastal forest, some regions along the H. gibsonii, Liparis odorata, Malaxis versicolor,
west coast still harbor mangrove vegetation. They Nervilia crociformis, N. infundibulifolia, Pecteilis
are mainly found along the estuaries along the coasts gigantea, Peristylus aristatus, P. plantagineus and P.
of Greater Bombay, Raigad, Ratnagiri, Sindhudurg stocksii. The moss and duff covering these boulders
and Thane districts. All along the coastline there allows sometimes for terrestrial orchids to grow
28 LANKESTERIANA
too. During the monsoon these plateaus provides Deccan plateau region. The grasslands of the Deccan
many microhabitats for endemic ground orchids. In plateau are of the semi-arid type with dry climatic
Mahabaleshwar, Panchgani and Chandgad area one conditions. These grasslands occur in districts such as
can see the mass flowering of thousands of Habenaria Ahmednagar, Solapur, and Osmanabad, etc. Orchid
suaveolens, H. grandifloriformis, H. heyneana, H. diversity in this grassland is very poor, represented
rariflora and Peristylus densus. by a few species such as Eulophia graminea, E.
ochreata, E. pratensis and Zeuxine strateumatica.
Low altitude rocky plateaus. This particular habitat
occurs along the Konkan region between 20–200 m Roadside avenue plantation. Other than different
in Raigad, Ratnagiri and Sindhudurg districts. The forest habitats, orchids are also found in plantations,
coastal laterites of Konkan region are derived from orchards, and roadside trees in different parts of
the materials deposited from erosion of the Western Maharashtra which receives considerable rainfall. Large
Ghats and in-situ formation from low level basalts, colonies of Acampe praemorsa were found growing
mixed together. It covers the largest land surface on roadside trees such as Samanea saman, Tamarindus
in the central and southern Konkan, and these are indica, and Ficus benghalensis. Other epiphytic
locally known as sadas (Watve 2013). It is also a orchids such as Aerides maculosa, Dendrobium
recognised habitat category under the IUCN habitat barbatulum, D. ovatum, Cottonia peduncularis
classification. The rocky plateaus in the Konkan region can be found growing in mango plantations, and
and the southern parts of the Northern Western Ghats cashew plantations. In Panchgani, Chandgad and
have basalt as their base rock, capped with laterite. Bhimashankar where rainfall is high some epiphytic
The laterites are normally subjected to alternate wet orchids such as Dendrobium barbatulum, Aerides
and dry climates, appearing totally barren during maculosa and Conchidium filiforme are found growing
the dry season and followed by drastic changes in in Eucalyptus globulus plantations.
physiognomy over a period of four months during
the rainy season (Prabhu 2013). The early phase of Host species diversity of epiphytic orchids.
the monsoon is the period of vegetative growth of The present study reports a total 58 host plants
many plants including orchids. Ten orchid species of 29 species of epiphytic orchids. Dendrobium
including three endemic orchids are reported in this barbatulum is one endemic orchid that shows diverse
habitat. The gregarious populations of Habenaria host ranges and can be found growing on more than
grandifloriformis are seen during the month of June. 29 host trees, followed by Aerides maculosa and D.
In mid August, Habenaria diphylla and H. marginata ovatum which can be found to grow adding on 25 and
are seen. The tubers of these ground orchids remain 22 host trees respectively. They show their tolerance
almost eight months in a dormant stage during the dry to wideranging microclimatic conditions available
season. Tubers are modified organs that have nutrient over the host trees. Epiphytic orchids, that are found
storage for growth of new plants in the next growing on less than 10 host tree species constituted 58%
season. Due to the thin layer of soil in plateaus, the of the total epiphytic species. Out of 58 host tree
tubers size reach only about 0.5–1 cm. species recorded with epiphytic orchids, Mangifera
indica supports 20 species of orchids. Other host
Semi-arid grassland. Two types of grassland habitats tree species more important for epiphytic orchids are
are reported in the study area. One is mountain grassy Careya arborea, Terminalia bellirica, T. chebula, and
slopes which are found along the mountain slopes. Syzygium cumini, and they supported about 13 to 15
These mountain grassy slopes though dominated species respectively. In the plateaus the most suitable
by grasses are also rich in orchid diversity. Orchids host is Memecylon umbellatum. In many areas
such as Habenaria commelinifolia, H. diphylla, H. Catunaregam spinosa was found to be a suitable host
grandifloriformis, H. heyneana, H. longicorniculata for Dendrobium barbatulum. In the dry deciduous
and Pecteilis gigantea are recorded from these forests of Satpura range epiphytic orchids such as
grasslands. Another grassland habitat is found in the Rhynchostylis retusa, Vanda tessellata and V. testacea
are commonly seen on Diospyros melanoxylon, popularly known as Panchgani orchid, was once
Holoptelea integrifolia, Lagerstroemia parviflora, abundant in Panchgani plateau and now became a rare
Madhuca longifolia var. latifolia, Ougeinia sight due to the tourism activities such as horse rides
oojeinensis, Stereospermum chelonoides, Tectona and camel rides that almost converted the flora rich
grandis and Ziziphus mauritiana. It was also plateau to a barren land. In Konkan region many of the
observed that in the Konkan region Acampe good forests patches have been cleared for cash crops
praemorsa can be found growing on the main trunk such as Areca nut, Cashew nut and mango orchards.
of Cocos nucifera. Similarly, two other interesting Likewise, grazing also damages several terrestrial
host species were also reported such as Phoenix orchids in plateau areas. Eulophia spectabilis is a
sylvestris and Euphorbia neriifolia. In high rainfall terrestrial orchid which is being extracted from wild
pockets Eucalyptus citriodora and Eucalyptus leading to drastic depletion of wild populations. It is
globulus also support some epiphytic orchids. commonly known as Amarkanda and is widely used
to cure various health problems and ailments. The
Threats. Habitat degradation is the main threat to corm of the plant is used in the preparation of ‘salep’,
the orchids in Maharashtra. Orchids populations are which is taken as an aphrodisiac (Jalal et al. 2014).
also threatened by habitat loss and unsustainable In many locations in Maharashtra, orchids are also
exploitation. A decline in the number of orchid facing threats due to the invasion of alien weeds such
species is reported from Panchgani, Kas Plateau as Eupatorium odoratum, Mikania cordata, Lantana
and Khandala. Kas plateau, known as the valley of camara and Parthenium hysterophorus.
flowers, is facing a surge of tourists. Excited visitors In the present study the entire list of species is
take the orchids for their homes, leaving little chance arranged alphabetically. For each taxon, the current
for these rare orchids to survive. The fragrant Pecteilis name with its basionym is provided, followed by a
gigantea popularly known as the queen of Khandala full reference to the original publication and further
was found very commonly fifty years ago and sold synonyms (restricted to those that were used in the
in the Khandala hill station’s markets. This led to a relevant literature). Flowering months of the taxon,
fall in the species population and now it is confined life form, habitat, distribution in Maharashtra, global
to a few spots only. Likewise, Habenaria suaveolens distribution and specimen examined are given. At the
(with popular synonym Habenaria panchganiensis) end, excluded taxa are given with justification.
CHECKLIST
Acampe Lindl. Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan), Nepal, Sri Lanka,

Myanmar.
Acampe praemorsa (Roxb.) Blatt. & McCann, J.
Specimens examined: Gadchiroli district, Surajgad,
Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 35: 495. 1932. Fig. 4A.
R.S.Govekar 1652 (BAMU). Kolhapur district,
Epidendrum praemorsum Roxb., Pl. Coromandel
Udegiri, M.M.Sardesai 1723 (SUK). Mumbai
1: 34, t. 43. 1795.
Suburban district, Borivali, P.S.Herbert 1615
Flowering: April–June.
(BLAT). Raigad district, Alibagh, J.S.Jalal
Life form: Epiphyte.
200875 (BSI). Ratnagiri district, Mangaon,
Habitat: Found in the moist deciduous forests, dry
J.S.Jalal 194905 (BSI). Satara district, Koyna,
deciduous forests and coastal forests.
J.S.Jalal 200792 (BSI). Sindhudurg district,
Distribution in Maharashtra: Gadchiroli,
Sawantwadi, J.S.Jalal 194993 (BSI). Thane
Kolhapur, Mumbai Suburban, Raigad,
district, Mal, J.S.Jalal 200729 (BSI).
Ratnagiri, Satara, Sindhudurg and Thane.
General distribution: India (Andhra Pradesh, Acampe ochracea (Lindl.) Hochr., Bull. New York
Odisha, Goa, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Bot. Gard. 6: 270. 1910.
Kerala, Tamil Nadu Daman & Diu, Dadara Saccolabium ochraceum Lindl., Edwards’s Bot.
& Nagar Haveli, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Reg. 28(Misc.): 2 (1842).
30 LANKESTERIANA
Flowering: May – August. Rajasthan), endemic to Peninsular India.

Life form: Epiphyte. Specimens examined:Amravati district, Chikhaldara,
Distribution in Maharashtra: Raigad. J.S.Jalal 200736 (BSI). Gadchiroli district,
General distribution: India (Assam, Manipur, Jharapapada, R.S.Govekar 1671 (BAMU).
Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Arunachal Kolhapur district, Radhanagari, J.S.Jalal
Pradesh, Sikkim, West Bengal, Andhra 200532 (BSI). Nandurbar district, Toranmal,
Pradesh, Odisha, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil J.S.Jalal 195112 (BSI). Nashik district, Kasara
Nadu), Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Ghat, J.S.Jalal 200874 (BSI). Pune district,
China, Myanmar, Thailand, Indo-China. Lonavala, J.S.Jalal 200406 (BSI). Raigad
Note: This species is included based on Kothari district, Phansad WLS, J.S.Jalal 200883 (BSI).
and Moorthy (1993) who reported it from Ratnagiri district, Dapoli, J.S.Jalal 194926
Karnala fort in Raigad district. There is no (BSI). Satara district, Mahabaleshwar, J.S.Jalal
herbarium specimen traced in herbarium BSI 200812 (BSI). Sindhudurg district, Amboli,
to confirm its occurrence in Maharashtra. J.S.Jalal 194954 (BSI). Thane district, Tansa,
J.S.Jalal 200853 (BSI).
Aerides Lour. Aerides multiflora Roxb., Pl. Coromandel 3: 68. 1820.
Aerides crispa Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl.: 239. 1833. Flowering: May – October.
Fig. 4B. Life form: Epiphyte.
Flowering: April–June. Habitat: Found growing in dry-deciduous forest.
Life form: Epiphyte. Distribution in Maharashtra: Gadchiroli.
Habitat: Found in semi-evergreen forests. General distribution: India (Assam, Manipur,
Distribution in Maharashtra: Kolhapur, Pune, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura,
Ratnagiri, Satara, Sindhudurg and Thane. Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, West Bengal,
General distribution: India (Goa, Gujarat, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Odisha,
Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh,Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh,
Dadara & Nagar Haveli), Bangladesh. Rajasthan, Andaman & Nicobar), Bangladesh,
Specimens examined: Kolhapur district, Bhutan, Nepal, Myanmar, Thailand, Indo-
Radhanagari, J.S.Jalal 200518 (BSI). Pune China.
district, Lonavala, J.S.Jalal 200406 (BSI). Specimen examined: Gadchiroli district, Gatta,
Ratnagiri district, Kudavale, J.S.Jalal 194917 R.S.Govekar s.n. (BAMU).
(BSI). Satara district, Mahabaleshwar, Aerides odorata Lour., Fl. Cochinch.: 525. 1790.
J.S.Jalal 200806 (BSI). Sindhudurg district, Flowering: May–June.
Amboli, J.S.Jalal 200492 (BSI). Thane district, Life form: Epiphyte.
Tokavada range, K.V.Billore 115624 (BSI). Habitat: Found growing in moist deciduous forest.
Aerides maculosa Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 31: 58. Distribution in Maharashtra: Gadchiroli.
1845. Fig. 4C. General distribution: India (Assam, Manipur,
Flowering: May – July. Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura,
Life form: Epiphyte. Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, West Bengal,
Habitat: Found growing in moist deciduous, dry- Uttarakhand, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh,
deciduous and semi-evergreen forests. Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh,
Distribution in Maharashtra: Amravati, Andaman & Nicobar), Bangladesh, Bhutan,
Gadchiroli, Kolhapur, Nandurbar, Nashik, Nepal, Myanmar, Malaysia, Indonesia,
Pune, Raigad, Ratnagiri, Satara, Sindhudurg Philippines, Thailand, Indo-China.
and Thane. Specimen examined: Gadchiroli district, Kawande,
General distribution: India (Andhra Pradesh, R.S.Govekar 1692 (BAMU).
Odisha, Goa, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Aerides ringens (Lindl.) C.E.C.Fisch. in J.S.Gamble,
Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh, Fl. Madras: 1442. 1928.
Saccolabium ringens Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl.: General distribution: India (Andhra Pradesh,
220. 1833. Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil
Flowering: May–July. Nadu), endemic to Western Ghats.
Life form: Epiphyte. Specimens examined: Kolhapur district, Patgaon,
Distribution in Maharashtra: Thane and Satara. M.M.Sardesai 2027 (SUK). Sindhudurg
General distribution: India (Andhra Pradesh, district, Konshi, Sawantwadi, S.M.Almeida
Odisha, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, 5232 (BLAT).
Tamil Nadu), Sri Lanka. Bulbophyllum stocksii (Benth. ex Hook.f.) J.J.Verm.,
Note: This species is included here based on Dalzell Schuit. & de Vogel, Phytotaxa 166: 111. 2014.
and Gibson (1861) collection from Salsette and Trias stocksii Benth. ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5:
Woodrow’s collection from Mahabaleshwar. 781. 1890.
Mulgaonkar and Dabhade (2005) reported it Flowering: February–March.
from Panvel in Raigad District. However, there Life form: Epiphyte.
is no specimen available in any of the herbaria. Distribution in Maharashtra: Konkan at c. 100 m.
Recently it was reported from Valsad district General distribution: India (Maharashtra,
of Gujarat near Maharashtra border by Bhatt Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu), endemic
and Nagar (2014). There is a possibility of its to Western Ghats.
occurrence in Maharashtra. Specimens examined: Konkan “Concan”, Stocks &
Law s.n. (GH-00287630, GOET-008707).
Bulbophyllum Thouars Note: It is included on the authority of J.D. Hooker
Bulbophyllum fimbriatum (Lindl.) Rchb.f. in (1980). He mentioned it based on the collection
W.G.Walpers, Ann. Bot. Syst. 6: 260. 1861. Fig. 4D. by Law from south and north Konkan region.
Cirrhopetalum fimbriatum Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. It has not been recollected by any subsequent
Reg. 25(Misc.): 72. 1839. workers from Maharashtra region. There is
Flowering: December–May. no herbarium record of its collection from
Life form: Epiphyte. Maharashtra.
Habitat: Found in semi-evergreen forests.
Cheirostylis Blume
Distribution in Maharashtra: Pune, Satara and
Sindhudurg. Cheirostylis flabellata (A.Rich.) Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind.
General distribution: India (Goa, Karnataka, Orient. 5: 16. t. 1727. 1851.
Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu), endemic Goodyera flabellata A.Rich., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot.,
to Western Ghats. ser. 2, 15: 79. 1841.
Specimens examined: Pune district, Junnar, J.S.Jalal Monochilus flabellatus (A.Rich.) Wight, Icon. Pl.
200831 (BSI). Sindhudurg district, Bhedshi, Ind. Orient. 5: t. 1727. 1851.
B.G.Kulkarni 120453 (BSI). Satara district, Flowering: November.
Mahabaleshwar, J.S.Jalal 200810 (BSI). Life form: Terrestrial.
Bulbophyllum sterile (Lam.) Suresh in D.H.Nicolson, Habitat: Found under the shade of semi-evergreen
C.R.Suresh & K.S.Manilal, Interpret. Van forests.
Rheede’s Hort. Malab.: 298. 1988. Fig. 4E. Distribution in Maharashtra: Satara.
Epidendrum sterile Lam., Encycl. 1: 189. 1783. General distribution: India (Karnataka, Kerala,
Bulbophyllum nilgherrense Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu), Sri Lanka, Myanmar.
Orient. 5: t. 1680. 1851. Specimen examined: Satara district, Mahabaleshwar,
Life form: Epiphyte. P.V.Bole 2244 (BLAT).
Flowering: December–May. Cheirostylis parvifolia Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg.
Habitat: Found in semi-evergreen forests. 25(Misc.): 19. 1839.
Distribution in Maharashtra: Sindhudurg and Flowering: November–February.
Kolhapur. Life form: Terrestrial.
32 LANKESTERIANA
Habitat: Found under the shade of semi-evergreen General distribution: India (Gujarat, Goa,
forests. Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu),
Distribution in Maharashtra: Kolhapur, Satara endemic to Western Ghats.
and Sindhudurg. Specimens examined: Kolhapur district,
General distribution: India (Kerala, Maharashtra, Radhanagari, J.S.Jalal 200531 (BSI). Pune
Odisha, Tamil Nadu), Sri Lanka. district, Lonavala, J.S.Jalal 200409 (BSI).
Specimens examined: Kolhapur district, Chandgad, Raigad district, Matheran, J.S.Jalal 200585
J.S.Jalal 197709 (BSI). Satara district, Koyna, (BSI). Ratnagiri district, Dapoli, J.S.Jalal
Prajakta Pathare 198950 (BSI). Sindhudurg 194940 (BSI). Satara district, Mahabaleshwar,
district, Sawantwadi, S.M.Almeida s.n. (BLAT!). J.S.Jalal 200411 (BSI). Sindhudurg district,
Khamdadev plateau, J.S.Jalal 195013 (BSI).
Cleisostoma Blume Thane district, Tansa, J.S.Jalal 200859 (BSI).
Conchidium exile (Hook.f.) Ormerod, Taiwania 57:
Cleisostoma tenuifolium (L.) Garay, Bot. Mus. Leafl.
119. 2012. Fig. 5I.
23: 175. 1972.
Eria exilis Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 788. 1890.
Epidendrum tenuifolium L., Sp. Pl.: 952. 1753.
Leaves: June–October; Flowering: October–
Flowering: June–November.
December.
Habitat: Found in semi-evergreen forests on moss
Distribution in Maharashtra: Sindhudurg.
laden tree trunks.
General distribution: India (Goa, Karnataka,
Distribution in Maharashtra: Kolhapur, Pune,
Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu), Sri Lanka,
Satara, Sindhudurg.
Thailand.
General distribution: India (Goa, Kamataka,
Specimen examined: Sindhudurg district,
Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu), endemic to
Sawantwadi, S.M.Almeida 4948 (BLAT).
Western Ghats.
Specimens examined: Kolhapur district, Chandgad,
Conchidium Griff.
J.S.Jalal 195199 (BSI). Pune district,
Conchidium filiforme (Wight) Rauschert, Feddes Khandala, Z.J.Kapadia 2297 (BLAT). Satara
Repert. 94: 444. 1983. Fig. 5J. district, Mahabaleshwar, J.S.Jalal 200433
Eria filiformis (Wight) Rchb.f. in W.G.Walpers, (BSI). Sindhudurg district, Khamdadev
Ann. Bot. Syst. 6: 268. 1861. plateau, J.S.Jalal 195014 (BSI).
Dendrobium filiforme Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. Conchidium microchilos (Dalzell) Rauschert, Feddes
5: t. 1642. 1851. Repert. 94: 444. 1983. Fig. 5K.
Eria dalzellii (Hook. ex Dalzell) Lindl., J. Proc. Dendrobium microchilos Dalzell, Hooker’s J.
Linn. Soc., Bot. 3: 47. 1858 (nom. et syn. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 3: 345. 1851. Eria
tantum, non descr.). microchilos (Dalzell) Lindl., J. Proc. Linn.
Eria conrardii M.R.Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra 5A: Soc., Bot. 3: 47. 1858.
42. 2009. Flowering: July–August.
Eria conrardii var. fimbriata (Hook.f.) Life form: Epiphyte.
M.R.Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra 5A: 43. 2009. Habitat: Found in moist-deciduous forests and
Flowering: July–August. semi-evergreen forests.
Life form: Epiphyte. Distribution in Maharashtra: Kolhapur, Pune,
Habitat: Found in moist-deciduous and semi- Raigad, Satara and Sindhudurg.
evergreen forests. General distribution: India (Goa, Karnataka,
Distribution in Maharashtra: Kolhapur, Pune, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu), endemic to
Raigad, Ratnagiri, Sindhudurg, Satara and Western Ghats.
Thane. Specimens examined: Kolhapur district,
Radhanagari, J.S.Jalal 200516 (BSI). Pune J.S.Jalal 195152 (BSI). Raigad district,
district, Amby valley, J.S.Jalal 200570 (BSI). Talerwarphatta, J.S.Jalal 194901 (BSI).
Raigad district, Matheran, J.S.Jalal 200589 Ratnagiri district, Vetadvadi, Dapoli,
(BSI). Satara district, Mahabaleshwar, P.V.Bole J.S.Jalal 194927 (BSI). Sindhudurg district,
329 (BLAT). Sindhudurg district, Amboli, Sawantwadi, J.S.Jalal 195023 (BSI). Thane
J.S.Jalal 195022 (BSI). district, Usgaon, N.Y.Das 3198 (BLAT).
Conchidium reticosum (Wight) Ormerod, Taiwania
57: 119. 2012. Fig. 6A. Cymbidium Swartz
Eria reticosa Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 5(1): 4,
Cymbidium aloifolium (L.) Sw., Nova. Acta. Regial
t. 1637. 1851.
Soc. Sci. Upsal. 6: 73. 1799. Epidendrum
Conchidium braccatumauct. non. (Lindl.) Brieger:
aloifolium L., Sp. Pl. 953. 1753.
R. Govaerts, World Checkl. Monocot. 2014
Flowering: May–June.
(only syn. E. reticosa Wight &E. uniflora
Dalzell).
Habitat: Found in the moist-deciduous forests at
elevations between 50–100 m.
Distribution in Maharashtra: Kolhapur and
Habitat: Found in semi-evergreen forests between
Sindhudurg.
600–1200 m and rarely seen growing on trees
General distribution: India (Assam, Manipur,
but common occurrence on rocky surfaces in
Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura,
high altitude plateaus.
Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, West Bengal,
Uttarakhand, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala,
Satara, Sindhudurg and Thane.
Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Bihar, Chhattisgarh,
General distribution: India (Uttarakhand, Goa,
Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Andaman &
Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu),
Nicobar), Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka,
endemic to India.
China, Myanmar, Indonesia, Malaysia,
Specimens examined: Kolhapur district, Borbet,
Thailand, Indo-China.
M.M.Sardesai 168 (SUK). Pune district, Ambe
Specimens examined: Kolhapur: Patgaon,
plateau, Junnar, J.S.Jalal 200823 (BSI). Satara
M.M.Sardesai 2031 (SUK). Sindhudurg:
district, Kas, M.P.Bachulkar 5437 (SUK).
Amboli, P.D.Mahekar s.n. (SUK).
Sindhudurg district, Khamdadev plateau,
Cymbidium bicolor Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl.: 164.
1833. Fig. 4G.
Cottonia Wight Flowering: May–June.
Cottonia peduncularis (Lindl.) Rchb.f., Cat. Orchids-
Habitat: Found in the moist-deciduous forests at
Samml. Schiller, ed. 3: 22. 1857. Fig. 4F.
elevations between 50–100 m.
Vanda peduncularis Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl.:
216. 1833.
General distribution: India (Odisha, Goa,
Flowering: March–April.
Nepal, Sri Lanka.
Habitat: Found in moist-deciduous forests and
Specimen examined: Sindhudurg district, Pulas,
semi-evergreen forests.
Sawantwadi J.S.Jalal 195027 (BSI).
Distribution in Maharashtra: Kolhapur, Nashik,
Raigad, Ratnagiri, Sindhudurg and Thane.
Dendrobium Swartz
General distribution: India (Odisha, Goa,
Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra Tamil Nadu), Dendrobium aqueum Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 28:
Sri Lanka. Misc. 5. 1843.
Specimens examined: Nashik district, Igatpuri, Flowering: September–October.
34 LANKESTERIANA
Life form: Epiphyte. Distribution in Maharashtra: Kolhapur, Pune and

Habitat: Found in semi-evergreen forests at Sindhudurg.
elevations between 100–1300 m. General distribution: India (Assam, Manipur,
Distribution in Maharashtra: Ahmednagar, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Arunachal
Kolhapur, Nashik, Pune, Satara and Sindhudurg. Pradesh, Sikkim, West Bengal, Uttarakhand,
General distribution: India (Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra,
Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Tamil Nadu, Bihar, Jharkhand Chhattisgarh),
Nadu), endemic to Western Ghats Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, China, Myanmar,
Specimens examined: Ahmednagar district, Pachnai Thailand, Laos, Vietnam.
plateau, Harishchandragad, K.V.Billore 115751 Specimens examined: Kolhapur district, Ajara,
(BSI). Kolhapur district, Ajara, J.S.Jalal M.M.Sardesai 1204 (SUK). Pune district,
200490 (BSI). Nashik district, Ambewadi, Bhovargiri, K.P.Janardhanan 76570 (BSI).
P.L. Narasimhan 167518 (BSI). Pune district, Sindhudurg district, Shivapur, Dukanwad,
Durga khilla, Junnar, Hemadri 89935 (BSI). B.G.Kulkarni 129647 (BSI).
Sindhudurg district, Amboli, J.S.Jalal 194962 Dendrobium herbaceum Lindl., Edward’s, Bot. Reg.
(BSI). Satara district, Mahabaleshwar, J.S.Jalal 26: Misc. 69. 1840. Fig. 4I.
200808 (BSI). Flowering: February–March.
Dendrobium barbatulum Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl.: Life form: Epiphyte.
84. 1830. Fig. 4H. Habitat: Found in semi-evergreen and moist
Flowering: January–May. deciduous forests.
Life form: Epiphyte. Distribution in Maharashtra: Ahmednagar,
Habitat: Found in dry-deciduous, moist-deciduous Kolhapur, Nashik, Pune, Satara, Sindhudurg
and semi-evergreen forests at elevations and Thane.
between 50–1200 m. General distribution: India (Mizoram, West
Distribution in Maharashtra: Kolhapur, Bengal, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand,
Nandurbar, Nashik, Pune, Raigad, Ratnagiri, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha,
Satara, Sindhudurg and Thane. Goa, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil
General distribution: India (Gujarat, Goa, Nadu), endemic to India.
Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu), Specimens examined: Ahmednagar district,
endemic to Western Ghats. Piprichavran, Harishchandragadh,
Specimens examined: Kolhapur district, B.M.Wadhwa 127857 (BSI). Kolhapur district,
Radhanagari, J.S.Jalal 200515 (BSI). Panhala, M.M.Sardesai 1825 (SUK). Nashik
Nandurbar district, Toranmal, J.S.Jalal 195109 district, Ambewadi forest, P.L.Narasimhan
(BSI). Nashik district, Igatpuri, H. Santapau 167517 (BSI). Pune district, Bhimashankar,
22957 (BLAT). Pune district, Bhimashankar, J.S.Jalal 200723 (BSI). Satara district,
J.S.Jalal 200401 (BSI). Raigad district, Mahabaleshwar, J.S.Jalal 200413 (BSI).
Phanshad, J.S.Jalal 200885 (BSI). Ratnagiri Sindhudurg district, Khamdadev plateau,
district, Panchvali, Dapoli, J.S.Jalal 194943 J.S.Jalal 195016 (BSI). Thane: Tokavada
(BSI). Satara district, Mahabaleshwar, J.S.Jalal range, K.V. Billore 115729 (BSI).
200811 (BSI). Sindhudurg district, Amboli, Dendrobium lawianum Lindl., J. Proc. Linn. Soc.,
J.S.Jalal 195020 (BSI). Thane district, Tansa, Bot. 3: 10. 1858. Fig. 5B.
J.S.Jalal 200863 (BSI). Flowering: March–April; Leaves: May–October.
Dendrobium crepidatum Lindl. & Paxton, Paxton’s Life form: Epiphyte.
Fl. Gard. 1: 63. 1850. Fig. 5A. Habitat: Found in moist deciduous and semi-
Flowering: April–June. evergreen forests.
Life form: Epiphyte. Distribution in Maharashtra: Kolhapur,
Habitat: Found in semi-evergreen forests. Sindhudurg and Thane.
General distribution: India (Goa, Karnataka, Specimens examined: Kolhapur: Udegiri,

Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu), endemic to M.M.Sardesai 1492 (SUK). Pune: Junnar,
Western Ghats. J.S.Jalal 200818 (BSI). Nashik district,
Specimens examined: Kolhapur district, Ajara, Igatpuri, Z.J.Kapadia 1374 (BLAT). Raigad
J.S.Jalal 200491 (BSI). Sindhudurg district, district, Matheran, J.S.Jalal 200707 (BSI).
Amboli, J.S.Jalal 194963 (BSI). Thane district, Satara district, Mahabaleshwar, H.M.Chibber
Usgaon, N.Y.Das 3195 (BLAT). s.n. (BSI). Sindhudurg district, Amboli,
Note: Govaerts et al. (2016), Tropicos (2016) J.S.Jalal 195021 (BSI). Thane district, Kasara,
and IPNI (2016) have treated this species K.V.Billore 116451 (BSI).
as a synonym of Dendrobium crepidatum Dendrobium nanum Hook.f., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 19: t.
Lindl. However, Dendrobium lawianum can 1853. 1889. Fig. 5E.
be distinguished based on characters such as, Dendrobium mabelae Gammie, J. Bombay Nat.
pseudobulbs curving in one direction, flowers Hist. Soc. 16: 567. 1903.
white ca. 2 cm across, with obscure mentum, Flowering: July–September.
lip slightly clawed at the base without a yellow Life form: Epiphyte.
patch. Habitat: Found in semi-evergreen forest at
Dendrobium macrostachyum Lindl., Gen. & Sp. elevations between 600–1200 m.
Orchids Pl.: 78. 1830. Fig. 5C. Distribution in Maharashtra: Raigad and Satara.
Flowering: May–June; Leaves: May–November. General distribution: India (Goa, Karnataka,
Life form: Epiphyte. Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu), endemic to
Habitat: Found in semi-evergreen forests. Western Ghats.
Distribution in Maharashtra: Kolhapur, Pune, Specimens examined: Satara district,
Satara and Sindhudurg. Mahabaleshwar, J.S.Jalal 200419 (BSI).
General distribution: India (Arunachal Pradesh, Raigad district, Matheran, J.S.Jalal 200599
West Bengal, Uttarakhand, Odisha, Goa, (BSI).
Karnataka, Maharashtra Jharkhand), Nepal, Dendrobium nodosum Dalzell, Hooker’s J. Bot. Kew
Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Thailand, Gard. Misc. 4: 292. 1852.
Vietnam. Flickingeria nodosa (Dalzell) Seidenf., Dansk Bot.
Specimens examined: Kolhapur district, Chandgad, Ark. 34: 41. 1980.
J.S.Jalal 200436 (BSI). Pune district, Durga Dendrobium macraei sensu Barbhuiya & Salunkhe
khilla, Hemadri 94362 (BSI). Ratnagiri in Richardiana 15: 130. 2016.
district, Konal R.F., Bhedshi, B.G.Kulkarni Flowering: July–August.
129422 (BSI). Satara district, Koyna valley, Life form: Epiphyte.
T.Cooke s.n. (BSI). Sindhudurg district, Danoli, Habitat: Found in semi-evergreen forests.
S.M.Almeida 1649 (BLAT). Distribution in Maharashtra: Kolhapur, Satara
Dendrobium microbulbon A. Rich., Ann. Sci. Nat. and Thane.
Bot. 2, 15: 19, t. 8. 1841. Fig. 5D. General distribution: India (Goa, Karnataka,
Flowering: December–January; Leaves: July– Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu), endemic to
October. Western Ghats.
Life form: Epiphyte. Specimens examined: Kolhapur district, Chandgad,
Habitat: Found in moist-deciduous forests and J.S.Jalal 195195 (BSI). Satara district,
semi-evergreen forests. Mahadurga, Koyna, R.K.Kochhar 154704
Distribution in Maharashtra: Kolhapur, Nashik, (BSI). Thane district, Usgaon, N.Y.Das 3192
Pune, Raigad, Satara, Sindhudurg and Thane. (BLAT).
General distribution: India (Gujarat, Goa, Dendrobium ovatum (L.) Kraenzl. in H.G.A. Engler
Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu), (Ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 5 II B 21: 71. 1910. Fig. 5F.
endemic to Western Ghats. Epidendrum ovatum L., Sp. Pl.: 952. 1753.
36 LANKESTERIANA
Flowering: September–February. General distribution: India (Meghalaya,

Life form: Epiphyte. Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim,
Habitat: Found in moist-deciduous and semi- West Bengal, Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal
evergreen forests. Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Karnataka, Kerala,
Distribution in Maharashtra: Kolhapur, Mumbai Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu), Nepal, Sri Lanka,
Suburban, Satara, Sindhudurg, Raigad and China, Myanmar, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia,
Thane. Philippines, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Pacific
General distribution: India (Andhra Pradesh, islands, Africa.
Karnataka, Gujarat, Goa, Kerala, Maharashtra, Specimens examined: Kolhapur district, Amba-
Tamil Nadu, Dadara & Nagar Haveli), endemic Vishalgad road, M.M.Sardesai 2035 (SUK).
to Western Ghats. Satara district, Dicholi, Koyna, Bachulkar
Specimens examined: Kolhapur district, Kalakdara, 3502 (SUK).
M.M.Sardesai 2033 (SUK). Mumbai Suburban
district, Malad, G.L.Shah 9632 (BLAT). Eulophia R.Br. ex Lindl.
Raigad district, Matheran, N.A.Irani 2818 Eulophia dabia (D.Don) Hochr., Bull. New York Bot.
(BLAT). Satara district, Mahabaleshwar, Gard.6: 270. 1910.
J.S.Jalal 200805 (BSI). Sindhudurg district, Bletia dabia D.Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal.: 30. 1825.
Karulgaon, J.S.Jalal 200541 (BSI). Thane Flowering: March – April.
district, Murbad, J.S.Jalal 200730 (BSI). Life form: Terrestrial.
Dendrobium peguanum Lindl., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Habitat: Found in dry-deciduous forests near
Bot. 3: 19. 1858. Fig. 5G. marshy and grassy area along river-beds.
Flowering: October–December; Leaves: June– Distribution in Maharashtra: Nagpur.
October. General distribution: India (Assam, Manipur,
Life form: Epiphyte. Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, West Bengal,
Habitat: Found in dry-deciduous forests and Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir,
moist-deciduous forests. Uttarakhand, Odisha, Maharashtra, Bihar,
Distribution in Maharashtra: Kolhapur, Thane Haryana, Jharkhand, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh,
and Nashik. Andaman & Nicobar), Bangladesh, Bhutan,
General distribution: India (Mizoram, Sikkim, Nepal, Pakistan, Afganistan, China, Myanmar,
West Bengal, Odisha, Gujarat, Karnataka, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan.
Maharashtra, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh), Nepal, Note: This species is included based on the
Myanmar, Thailand. authority of Ugemuge (1986) from Nagpur.
Specimens examined: Kolhapur district, Amba He collected it from Ambazari. His collection
ghat, J.S.Jalal 195035 (BSI). Nashik district, number 1010 couldn’t be traced in the
Igatpuri, Z.J.Kapadia 1375 (BLAT). Thane Herbarium, Nagpur University, Nagpur.
district, Kasara, Z.J.Kapadia 897 (BLAT). Eulophia epidendraea (Retz.) C.E.C.Fisch. in
J.S.Gamble, Fl. Madras: 1434. 1928. Serapias
Epipogium Borkh. epidendraea Retz., Observ. Bot. 6: 65. 1791.
Epipogium roseum (D. Don) Lindl., J. Proc. Linn. Flowering: November–January.
Soc., Bot. 1: 177. 1857. Fig. 5H. Life form: Terrestrial.
Limodorum roseum D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 30. 1825. Habitat: Found under the shade of moist-
Flowering: May–June. deciduous forests and dry deciduous forests
Life form: Mycoheterotrophic. between 600–800 m.
Habitat: It prefers to grow under the dense semi- Distribution in Maharashtra: Pune and Sindhudurg.
evergreen forests. General distribution: India (West Bengal,
Distribution in Maharashtra: Kolhapur and Uttarakhand, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh,
Satara. Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil
Figure 4. A. Acampe praemorsa, B. Aerides crispa, C. Aerides maculosa, D. Bulbophyllum fimbriatum, E. Bulbophyllum sterile, F.
Cottonia peduncularis, G. Cymbidium bicolor, H. Dendrobium barbatulum, I. Dendrobium herbaceum
38 LANKESTERIANA
Figure 5. A. Dendrobium crepidatum, B. Dendrobium lawianum, C. Dendrobium macrostachyum, D. Dendrobium microbulbon,

E. Dendrobium nanum, F. Dendrobium ovatum, G. Dendrobium peguanum, H. Epipogium roseum, I. Conchidium exile, J.
Conchidium filiforme, K. Conchidium microchilos.
Nadu, Chhattisgarh, Andaman & Nicobar), H.Santapau 10532 (BLAT). Sindhudurg

Bangladesh, Sri Lanka. district, Ramghat, B.G.Kulkarni 119300 A
Specimens examined: Pune district, Khandala, (BSI).
Eulophia graminea Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl.: 182. Habitat: Found in slopes and rocky areas of
1833. Fig. 6B. dry-deciduous and moist-deciduous forests
Flowering: March–April. between 100–1000 m.
Life form: Terrestrial. Distribution in Maharashtra: Amravati,
Habitat: Found in moist-deciduous forests, scrub Chandrapur, Kolhapur, Mumbai Suburban,
forests, in open places at c. 600 m. Nandurbar, Pune, Ratnagiri and Thane.
Distribution in Maharashtra: Gadchiroli, General distribution: India (Meghalaya, West
Osmanabad and Sangli. Bengal, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat,
General distribution: India (Assam, Meghalaya, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh,
Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura, Arunachal, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan),
Pradesh, Sikkim, West Bengal, Uttarakhand, endemic to India.
Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, Kerala, Maharashtra, Specimens examined: Amravati district, Melghat,
Tamil Nadu, Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya M.Y.Ansari 147182 (BSI). Chandrapur district,
Pradesh, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Andaman Devada forest, B.M.Wadhwa 137434A (BSI).
& Nicobar), Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Kolhapur district, Panhala, M.M.Sardesai 1522
Sri Lanka, China, Myanmar, Indonesia, (SUK). Mumbai Suburban district, Mumbai,
Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Laos, H.Santapau 1266 (BLAT). Nandurbar district,
Vietnam. Toranmal, J.S.Jalal 195129 (BSI). Pune
Specimens examined: Gadchiroli district, Podewada, district, Sinhgad, M.Y.Ansari 87371 (BSI).
R.S.Govekar 1009 (BAMU). Osmanabad Ratnagiri district, Malwan, B.G.Kulkarni
district, Apsinga, R.D.Gore 78 (Walchand 131787 (BSI). Thane district, Bhivandi range,
College of Arts and Science, Solapur). Sangli K.V.Billore 116239 (BSI).
district, Sangli, S.R.Yadav 4397 (SUK). Eulophia pratensis Lindl., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 3:
Eulophia herbacea Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 182. 25. 1858. Fig. 6D.
1833. Fig. 6C. Eulophia ramentacea Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient.
Flowering: June–July. 5: t. 1666. 1851, nom. illeg.
Life form: Terrestrial. Flowering: December–February.
Habitat: Found under the shade of moist-deciduous Life form: Terrestrial.
forests and in open scrub area between 200– Habitat: Found in marshy and grassy area along
600 m. river-beds and seasonal water channels
Distribution in Maharashtra: Mumbai Suburban between 500–1000 m.
and Thane. Distribution in Maharashtra: Kolhapur, Pune
General distribution: India (Manipur, Mizoram, and Satara.
Tripura, Sikkim, West Bengal, Himanchal General distribution: India (Gujarat, Karnataka,
Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Odisha, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu), endemic to
Gujarat, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Peninsular India.
Pradesh), Bangladesh, Nepal, China, Myanmar, Specimens examined: Kolhapur district,
Thailand, Laos. Radhanagari, V.D.Patil 75 (SUK). Pune district,
Specimens examined: Mumbai Suburban district, Pashan, G.A.Gammie s.n. (BSI). Satara district,
Borivali National Park, Z.J.Kapadia 1252 Khindwadi, M.P.Bachulkar 5424 (SUK).
(BLAT). Pune district, Lonavala, S.R.Yadav s.n. Eulophia spectabilis (Dennst.) Suresh in D.H.Nicolson,
(SUK). Thane district, Mumbra, H.Santapau C.R.Suresh & K.S.Manilal, Interpret. Van Rheede’s
15664 (BLAT). Hort. Malab.: 300. 1988. Fig. 6E.
Eulophia ochreata Lindl., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 3: Wolfia spectabilis Dennst., Schlüssel Hortus
24. 1858. Malab.: 38. 1818.
Flowering: June–July. Flowering: It produces floral stalks on the onset of
Life form: Terrestrial. rain from May to June and foliar shoot emerges
40 LANKESTERIANA
after flowering shoot. Geodorum G. Jacks.

Life form: Terrestrial.
Geodorum densiflorum (Lam.) Schltr.in Fedde,
Habitat: Found in dry-deciduous forests and
Repert. 4: 259. 1919. Fig. 6F.
occasionally along the edges of semi-evergreen
Limodorum densiflorum Lam., Encycl. 3: 516. 1792.
forests at elevations between 50–1250 m.
Flowering: June–July.
Satara and Sindhudurg.
Habitat: Found under the shade of semi-evergreen
G eneral distribution : India (Assam, Manipur,
and moist-deciduous forests between 400–800 m.
Kolhapur and Nashik.
Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand,
Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh,
Punjab, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh,
Karnataka, Maharashtra, Kerala, Tamil
Uttarakhand, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, Goa,
Nadu, Andaman & Nicobar), Bangladesh,
Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu,
Bhutan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, China, Myanmar,
Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya
Japan, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines,
Pradesh, Andaman & Nicobar), Bangladesh,
Thailand, Singapore, Indo-China, New
Bhutan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, China, Myanmar,
Guinea, Pacific islands.
Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines, New
Specimens examined: Kolhapur district,
Guinea, Thailand, Indo-China, S.E.Asia,
Radhanagari, J.S.Jalal 200521 (BSI). Pune
Pacific Islands, Australia.
district, Lavasa, J.S.Jalal 195106 (BSI). Satara
Specimens examined: Gadchiroli district, Surajgad,
district, Mahabaleshwar, J.S.Jalal 200424
R.S.Govekar 21 (BAMU). Kolhapur district,
(BSI). Sindhudurg district, Amboli Ghat,
Chandgad, J.S.Jalal 195170 (BSI). Nashik
district, Satana, P.L.Narasimhan 167662 (BSI).
Gastrochilus D.Don Geodorum recurvum (Roxb.) Alston in H.Trimen,
Handb. Fl. Ceylon 6(Suppl.): 276. 1931.
Gastrochilus flabelliformis (Blatt. & McCann) C.J.
Limodorum recurvum Roxb., Pl. Coromandel 1: t.
Saldanha in C.J. Saldanha & Nicolson, Fl. Hassan
39. 1795.
Dist. 830. 1976.
Saccolabium flabelliforme Blatt. & McCann in J.
Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 35: 722, t. 1. 1932.
Habitat: Found under the shade of moist-deciduous
Flowering: Mach–July.
forests.
Distribution in Maharashtra: Gadchiroli.
Habit and Habitat: Epiphytic. Found in evergreen
forests ca 400 m.
Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, Jharkhand,
Maharashtra), Sri Lanka, China, Myanmar,
General distribution: India (Maharashta, Goa,
Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam.
Karnataka, Kerala), endemic to Western
Specimen examined: Gadchiroli district,
Ghats.
Jharapapada, R.S.Govekar 1667 (BAMU).
Note: This was reported by S. M. Almeida (1990)
as Gastrochilus calceolaris from Sawantwadi.
Habenaria Willd.
There are no herbarium records of its collection
in BLAT. Sardesai et al. (2002) reported it Habenaria brachyphylla (Lindl.) Aitch., J. Linn. Soc.,
from Dodamarg in Sindhudurg district. During Bot. 19: 188. 1882. Fig. 6G.
herbarium scrutiny his collection number 2502 Platanthera brachyphylla Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid.
(SUK) couldn’t be traced. Pl.: 293. 1835.
Habenaria crassifolia A.Rich., Ann. Sci. Nat., Habenaria crinifera Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 323.
Bot., II, 15: 72. 1841. 1835. Fig. 6I.
Flowering: August–October. Flowering: July–August.
Life form: Terrestrial. Life form: Terrestrial.
Habitat: Found in semi-evergreen forests along Habitat: Found in semi-evergreen and evergreen
the sedges and open grassy slopes at higher forests between 600–800 m.
plateaus between 200–1350 m. Distribution in Maharashtra: Kolhapur and
Distribution in Maharashtra: Bhandara, Satara.
Kolhapur, Nashik, Pune and Satara. General distribution: India (Goa, Karnataka,
General distribution: India (Odisha, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu), Sri Lanka.
Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu), endemic to Specimens examined: Kolhapur district, Chandgad,
Peninsular India. J.S.Jalal 195200 (BSI). Satara district, Koyna
Specimens examined: Bhandara district, Pangni valley, Z.J.Kapadia 2893 (BLAT).
forest, S.K.Malhotra 144573 (BSI). Kolhapur Habenaria digitata Lindl., Gen. & Sp. Orchid. Pl. 307.
district, Panhala, D.H.Jugadale s.n. (SUK). 1835. Fig. 6J.
Nashik district, Ambewadi, P.L.Narasimhan Flowering: July–September.
167518A (BSI). Pune district, Ambe ghat, Life form: Terrestrial.
J.S.Jalal 200815 (BSI). Satara district, Habitat: Found under the shade of moist deciduous
Mahabaleshwar, J.S.Jalal 200423 (BSI). and semi-evergreen forests between 400–800 m.
Habenaria commelinifolia (Roxb.) Wall. ex Lindl., Distribution in Maharashtra: Akola, Kolhapur,
Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 325. 1835. Fig. 6H. Nashik, Pune, Sindhudurg and Thane.
Orchis commelinifolia Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. 1832, 3: General distribution: India (Assam, Arunachal
451. 1832. Pradesh, Sikkim, West Bengal, Himachal
Flowering: August–November. Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha,
Life form: Terrestrial. Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra,
Habitat: Found in open grassy slopes between dry Tamil Nadu, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh,
deciduous and semi-evergreen forests between Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan),
0 and 600 m. Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan, Myanmar,
Distribution in Maharashtra: Gondia, Mumbai Cambodia, Laos.
Suburban, Pune, Raigad, Ratnagiri, Sindhudurg Specimens examined: Akola district, Narnala fort,
and Thane. S.Y.Kamble 154073A (BSI). Kolhapur district,
General distribution: India (Manipur, Sikkim, Radhanagari, 197733 (BSI). Nashik district,
West Bengal, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Markandey hill, R.D.Pataskar 108822 (BSI).
Kashmir, Uttarakhand, Odisha, Karnataka, Pune district, Rajmachi, J.S.Jalal 200576
Kerala, Maharashtra, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, (BSI). Sindhudurg district, Amboli, J.S.Jalal
Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Uttar 194949 (BSI). Thane district, Malshej Ghat,
Pradesh), Nepal, Myanmar, Thailand, J.S.Jalal 200847 (BSI).
Vietnam. Habenaria diphylla (Nimmo) Dalzell in Hooker’s, J.
Specimens examined: Gondia district, Tower road, Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 2: 262. 1850. Fig. 6K.
D.N.Patil 179412 (BSI). Mumbai Suburban Liparis diphyllos Nimmo in J.Graham, Cat. Pl.
district, Andheri, H.Santapau 7372 (BLAT). Bombay: 252.1839.
Pune district, Khandala, Z.J.Kapadia 1509 Flowering: August–October.
(BLAT). Raigad district, Matheran, N.A.Irani Life form: Terrestrial.
4565 (BLAT). Ratnagiri district, Dapoli, Habit and Habitat: Terrestrials, found in lateritic
J.S.Jalal 194946 (BSI). Sindhudurg district, plateaus growing along with grasses and herbs
Insuli, S.M.Almeida 3926 (BLAT). Thane at lower elevations with clayey soil between
district, Mumbra, K.V.Shenoy 4299 (BLAT). 50–700 m.
42 LANKESTERIANA
Distribution in Maharashtra: Kolhapur, Nashik N.A.Irani 5036 (BLAT). Satara district, Koyna,
and Sindhudurg. Prajakta Pathare 198885 (BSI). Thane district,
General distribution: India (Meghalaya, Sikkim, Ghodabunder, Z.J.Kapadia 2103 (BLAT).
West Bengal, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Habenaria furcifera Lindl., Gen. & Sp. Orchid Pl.:
Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Karnataka, 319. 1835. Fig. 6M.
Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Bihar, Flowering: August–September.
Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh), Bangladesh, Bhutan, Life form: Terrestrial.
Nepal, China, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand. Habitat: Found under the shade of semi-evergreen
Specimens examined: Kolhapur district, Chandgad, forests and dry deciduous forests between 400–
J.S.Jalal 197740 (BSI). Nashik district, 900 m.
Igatpuri, J.S.Jalal 200871 (BSI). Sindhudurg Distribution in Maharashtra: Ahmednagar,
district, Malvan, J.S.Jalal 200468 (BSI). Amravati, Kolhapur, Nashik and Sindhudurg.
Habenaria elwesii Hook.f., Bot. Mag. 122: t. 7478. General distribution: India (Assam, Nagaland,
1896. Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, West Bengal,
Flowering: September–October. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir,
Life form: Terrestrial. Uttarakhand, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha,
Habit and Habitat: Terrestrials, found in edges of Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra,
semi-evergreen forests at elevation 800 m. Gujarat, Bihar, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh,
Distribution in Maharashtra: Kolhapur. Punjab, Uttar Pradesh), Bangladesh, Bhutan,
General distribution: India (Maharashta, Nepal, China, Myanmar, Thailand.
Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu), endemic Specimens examined: Ahmednagar district,
to Western Ghats. Waranghushi forest, B.M.Wadhwa 128357
Note: This species is included based on Bachulkar (BSI). Amravati district, Semadoh, M.Y.Ansari
(2012) who reported it from Kolik in Kolhapur 149399 (BSI). Kolhapur district, Kondoshi,
district. The specimen number 20349 deposited M.M.Sardesai 1553 (SUK). Nashik district,
at SUK herbarium couldn’t be traced. base of Markenday hill, 21.07.2014, J.S.Jalal
Habenaria foliosa A. Rich., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., 2, 195146 (BSI). Sindhudurg district, Amboli,
15: 71, t. 3 A. 1841. Fig. 6L. S.M.Almeida 5022 (BLAT).
Habenaria foliosa var. foetida (Blatt. & McCann) Habenaria gibsonii Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 6: 135.
Bennet, J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 5: 452. 1984. 1890. Fig. 7A.
Flowering: July–August. Habenaria digitata var. gibsonii (Hook.f.)
Life form: Terrestrial. C.E.C.Fisch. in J.S.Gamble, Fl. Madras: 1469.
Habitat: Found under the shade and edges of semi- 1928.
evergreen forests between 400–800 m. Habenaria gibsonii var. foliosa (A.Rich) Santapau
Distribution in Maharashtra: Gadchiroli, & Kapadia, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 56: 194.
Kolhapur, Nashik, Pune, Raigad, Satara and 1959.
Thane. Habenaria gibsonii var. foetida Blatt. & McCann,
General distribution: India (West Bengal, Goa, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 36: 16. 1932.
Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Habenaria foliosa var. gibsonii (Hook.f.)
Tamil Nadu, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Bennet, J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 5: 452. 1984.
Pradesh), endemic to Western Ghats. Flowering: July–August.
Specimens examined: Gadchiroli district, Life form: Terrestrial.
R.S.Govekar 0487 (BAMU). Kolhapur district, Habitat: Found under the shade and edges of semi-
Radhanagari, M.M.Sardesai 1455 (SUK). evergreen forests between 300–800 m.
Nashik district, Kasara ghat, J.S.Jalal 200869 Distribution in Maharashtra: Akola, Kolhapur,
(BSI). Pune district, Nane ghat, J.S.Jalal Nandurbar, Nashik, Pune, Raigad, Satara and
200840 (BSI). Raigad district, Matheran, Thane.
General distribution: India (Gujarat, Karnataka, Distribution in Maharashtra: Kolhapur, Nashik,

Maharashtra, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pune, Satara and Sindhudurg.
Pradesh), endemic to Peninsular India. General distribution: India (Andhra Pradesh,
Specimens examined: Akola district, Narnala fort, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil
S.Y.Kamble 150456 (BSI). Kolhapur district, Nadu), endemic to Western Ghats.
Tilari, J.S.Jalal 197714 (BSI). Nandurbar Specimens examined: Kolhapur district,
district, Toranmal, J.S.Jalal 195122 (BSI). Radhanagari, J.S.Jalal 200533 (BSI). Nashik
Nashik district, base of Markendey hill, district, Aryaneri hill, P.L.Narasimhan 165117
J.S.Jalal 195143 (BSI). Pune district, (BSI). Pune district, Karla caves, J.S.Jalal
Khandala, B.M.Wadhwa 109972 (BSI). Raigad 200547 (BSI). Satara district, Panchgani,
district, Matheran, B.M.Wadhwa 109746 (BSI). J.S.Jalal 200445 (BSI). Sindhudurg district,
Satara district, Mahabaleshwar, B.M.Wadhwa Amboli, J.S.Jalal 194951 (BSI).
109642 (BSI). Thane district, Mumbra hill, Habenaria hollandiana Santapau, Fl. Purandar 126.
K.V.Billore 116608 (BSI). 1957.
Habenaria grandifloriformis Blatt. & McCann, J. Habenaria affinis Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 5: t.
Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 36: 17. 1932. Fig. 7B. 1707, 1851, nom. illeg.
Flowering: May–July. Flowering: September–October.
Life form: Terrestrial. Life form: Terrestrial.
Habitat: Found in lateritic plateaus, mountain Habitat: Found in grassy slopes c. 600 m.
grassy slopes at elevation between 100 m and Distribution in Maharashtra: Pune.
1200 m. General distribution: India (Maharashtra and
Distribution in Maharashtra: Akola, Kolhapur, Karnataka), endemic to Western Ghats.
Nashik, Pune, Raigad, Ratnagiri, Satara, Note: This is a rare orchid in Maharashtra and
Sindhudurg and Thane. reported by Woodrow from Purandhar. No
General distribution: India (Assam, Chhattisgarh, subsequent botanist after Woodrow’s has been
Odisha, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka, able to locate this plant in Maharashtra. This
Kerala and Tamil Nadu), endemic to species has not been found during the recent
Peninsular India. exploration also.
Specimens examined: Akola district, Narnala fort, Habenaria longicorniculata J. Graham, Cat. Bombay,
S.Y.Kamble 150473 (BSI). Kolhapur district, Pl. 202. 1839. Fig. 7D.
Radhanagari, J.S.Jalal 200534 (BSI). Nashik Flowering: July–December.
district, Saturli, J.S.Jalal 195150 (BSI). Pune Life form: Terrestrial.
district, Nane ghat, J.S.Jalal 200835 (BSI). Habit and Habitat: Terrestrials, found in lateritic
Raigad district, Karjat, G.L.Shah 10771 plateaus and grassy slopes between 100–1200
(BLAT). Ratnagiri district, Rajapur, J.S.Jalal m.
200463 (BSI). Satara district, Mahabaleshwar, Distribution in Maharashtra: Akola,
J.S.Jalal 200418 (BSI). Sindhudurg district, Aurangabad, Kolhapur, Nashik, Pune, Raigad,
Sawantwadi, J.S.Jalal 200472 (BSI). Thane Satara, Sindhudurg and Thane.
district, Bhiwandi range, K.V.Billore 116241 General distribution: India (Andhra Pradesh,
(BSI). Odisha, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala,
Habenaria heyneana Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 320. Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Jharkhand,
1835. Fig. 7C. Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan), Sri
Flowering: July–September. Lanka.
Life form: Terrestrial. Specimens examined: Akola district, Narnala
Habit and Habitat: Terrestrials, found in lateritic fort, S.Y.Kamble 150475 (BSI). Aurangabad
plateaus and open mountain grassy slopes district, Mhaigmal hill, K.P.Janardhanan
between 500–1200 m. 100079 (BSI). Kolhapur district, Gabighat,
44 LANKESTERIANA
J.S.Jalal 200546 (BSI). Nashik district, forests at elevations between 700–1000 m.

Igatpuri, J.S.Jalal 200870 (BSI). Pune district, Distribution in Maharashtra: Akola and
Khandala, J.S.Jalal 200551 (BSI). Raigad Kolhapur.
district, Matheran, J.S.Jalal 200582 (BSI). General distribution: India (Maharashtra, Goa,
Satara district, Kas plateau, M.P.Bachulkar Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu), endemic to
5201 (SUK). Sindhudurg district, Amboli, Western Ghats.
J.S.Jalal 194953 (BSI). Thane district, Malshej Specimens examined: Akola district, Narnala fort,
Ghat, J.S.Jalal 200845 (BSI). S.Y.Kamble 150973A (BSI). Kolhapur district,
Habenaria marginata Colebr. in Hook., Exot. Fl. 2, Chandgad, J.S.Jalal 195181 (BSI).
17: t. 136. 1824. Fig. 7E. Habenaria ovalifolia Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 5: t.
Habenaria marginata var. flavescens (Hook. f.) T. 1708. 1851. Fig. 7G.
Cooke, Fl. Bombay 2: 721. 1907. Flowering: August–October.
Flowering: August–October. Life form: Terrestrial.
Life form: Terrestrial. Habitat: Found under the shade localities and
Habitat: Found under the shade of bushes in moist forest edges of semi-evergreen forests between
deciduous forests and also in open grasslands 400–1200 m.
up to 1200 m. Distribution in Maharashtra: Kolhapur, Mumbai
Distribution in Maharashtra: Ahmednagar, Suburban, Pune, Raigad, Satara and Thane.
Amravati, Aurangabad, Bhandara, Chandrapur, General distribution: India (Karnataka, Kerala,
Gadchiroli, Kolhapur, Mumbai, Nagpur, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu), endemic to
Nashik, Osmanabad, Pune, Raigad, Ratnagiri, Western Ghats.
Satara and Sindhudurg. Specimens examined: Kolhapur district, Chandgad,
General distribution: India (Meghalaya, West J.S.Jalal 194985 (BSI). Mumbai Suburban
Bengal, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, district, Borivali, Z.J.Kapadia 1273 (BLAT).
Uttarakhand, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Daman Pune district, Khandala, J.S.Jalal 200549
& Diu, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, (BSI). Raigad district, Phansad, J.S.Jalal
Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Dadara & Nagar 200878 (BSI). Satara district, Mahabaleshwar,
Haveli, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya S.R.Yadav 5792 (SUK). Thane district, Malshej
Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan), Bangladesh, Ghat, J.S.Jalal 200849 (BSI).
Bhutan, Nepal, China, Myanmar, Thailand. Habenaria panigrahiana S.Misra, Blumea 27:
Specimens examined: Kolhapur district, 213.1981.
Gaganbawda, B.G.Chowgule 6 (SUK). Mumbai Flowering: August–October.
Suburban district, Andheri, H.Santapau Life form: Terrestrial.
23323 (BLAT). Nashik district, Katipada, Habitat: Found under the shade moist deciduous
P.L.Narasimhan 167623 (BSI). Pune district, forests.
Khadakvasala, R.S.Raghavan 64285 (BSI). Distribution in Maharashtra: Gadchiroli.
Raigad district, Chakachaamaal, Phansad, General distribution: India (Andhra Pradesh,
J.S.Jalal 20088 (BSI). Ratnagiri district, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu), endemic
Dapoli, J.S.Jalal 194947 (BSI). Satara district, to Peninsular India.
Yavteshwar, M.P.Bachulkar 5200 (SUK). Specimen examined: Gadchiroli district, Amdeli,
Sindhudurg district, Vengurla, D.H.Jagdale 09.11.2010, R.S.Govekar 623 (BAMU).
s.n. (SUK). Habenaria plantaginea Lindl., Gen. & Sp. Orchid.
Habenaria multicaudata Sedgw., Rec. Bot. Surv. Pl.: 323. 1835. Fig. 7H.
India 6: 352. 1919. Fig. 7F. Flowering: August– October.
Flowering: August–October. Life form: Terrestrial.
Life form: Terrestrial. Habitat: Found under shade of semi-evergreen
Habitat: Found under the shade of semi-evergreen forests between 100–1200 m.
Distribution in Maharashtra: Ahmednagar, Habenaria platyphylloides M.R.Almeida, Fl.

Bhandara, Kolhapur, Nashik, Pune, Raigad and Maharashtra 5A: 61. 2009, nom. superfl.
Sindhudurg. Flowering: August–December.
General distribution: India (Assam, Meghalaya, Life form: Terrestrial.
Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, West Bengal, Habitat: Found under bushes and rocky crevices
Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, in moist deciduous and dry deciduous forests
Uttarakhand, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, between 500–600 m.
Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Distribution in Maharashtra: Chandrapur,
Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Osmanabad and Yavatmal.
Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh), Nepal, Sri General distribution: India (Andhra Pradesh,
Lanka, Japan, Vietnam. Odisha, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra,
Specimens examined: Ahmednagar district, Tamil Nadu, Jharkhand Chhattisgarh, Madhya
Harischchandragad, B.M.Wadhwa 127856 Pradesh), Sri Lanka.
(BSI). Bhandara district, Pikagheri forest, Specimens examined: Chandrapur district,
S.K.Malhotra 144880 (BSI). Kolhapur district, Amborthra, B.M.Wadhwa 137363 (BSI).
Patgaon, M.M.Sardesai 199 (SUK). Nashik Osmanabad district, Udgir, K.P.Janardhanan
district, Sawarna, John Cherian 112788 (BSI). 100815 (BSI). Yavatmal district, Bhiwkund,
Pune district, Bhimashankar, K.P.Janardhanan S.Karthikeyan 156606 (BSI).
81809 (BSI). Raigad district, Matheran, J.S.Jalal Habenaria stenopetala Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl.
200710 (BSI). Satara district, Mahabaleshwar, 319. 1835.
P.V.Bole 1200 (BLAT). Sindhudurg district, Flowering: August–December.
Amboli Ghat, R.S.Rao 131568A (BSI). Life form: Terrestrial.
Habenaria rariflora A. Rich., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. 2, Habitat: Found under the shade of semi-evergreen
15: 70, t. 2 D. 1841. Fig. 7I. forests c. 600 m.
Flowering: July–September. Distribution in Maharashtra: Kolhapur and
Life form: Terrestrial. Satara.
Habitat: Found in higher plateaus and moist rocks General distribution: India (Assam, Manipur,
near seasonal waterfall between 500–1200 m. Mizoram, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh,
Distribution in Maharashtra: Ahmednagar, Sikkim, West Bengal Himachal Pradesh,
Kolhapur, Pune, Raigad, Satara and Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand, Andhra
Sindhudurg. Pradesh, Odisha, Karnataka, Maharashtra,
General distribution: India (Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand), Nepal, China, Myanmar,
Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu), Japan, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam.
endemic to Western Ghats. Specimens examined: Kolhapur district,
Specimens examined: Ahmednagar district, Radhanagari, A.R.Kulkarni s.n. (SUK). Satara
Harischandragarh, J.S.Jalal s.n. (BSI). district, Koyna WLS, Prajakta Pathare 203073
Kolhapur district, Gaganbavada ghat, J.S.Jalal (BSI).
200544 (BSI). Pune district, Ambe ghat, Habenaria suaveolens Dalzell in Hooker’s J. Bot.
Junnar, J.S.Jalal 200817 (BSI). Raigad district, Kew Gard. Misc. 2: 263. 1850. Fig. 7K.
Matheran, J.S.Jalal 200592 (BSI). Satara Habenaria panchganiensis Santapau & Kapadia in
district, Pasarni ghat, J.S.Jalal 200446 (BSI). J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 54: 478. 1957.
Sindhudurg district, Amboli, J.S.Jalal 200474 Flowering: July–September.
(BSI). Life form: Terrestrial.
Habenaria roxburghii Nicolson in C.J. Saldanha & Habitat: It prefers to grow on exposed lateritic
Nicolson, Fl. Hassan Dist. 834. 1976. Fig. 7J. rocky plateaus.
Orchis plantaginea Roxb., Pl. Coromandel 1: 32, Distribution in Maharashtra: Kolhapur, Satara
t.37. 1795. and Sindhudurg.
46 LANKESTERIANA
General distribution: India (Goa, Karnataka, 200567 (BSI). Satara district, Mahabaleshwar,
Maharashtra), endemic to Western Ghats. J.S.Jalal 200415 (BSI). Sindhudurg district,
Specimens examined: Kolhapur district, Sawantwadi, J.S.Jalal 195030 (BSI).
Radhanagari, J.S.Jalal 200545 (BSI). Satara
district, Mahabaleshwar, J.S.Jalal 200442 Luisia Gaudich.
(BSI). Sindhudurg district, Chokul, J.S. Jalal Luisia tenuifolia Blume in Rumphia 4: 50. 1849.
195004 (BSI). Luisia birchea Blume, Rumphia 4: 50. 1849.
Habenaria viridiflora (Sw.) R. Br. ex Spreng., Syst. Luisia evangelinae Blatt. & McCann, J. Bombay
Veg. (ed. 16) 3: 691. 1826. Orchis viridiflora Nat. Hist. Soc. 35: 493. 1932.
Rottler ex Sw., Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. Luisia tenuifolia var. evangelinae (Blatt. &
21: 206. 1800. McCann) Santapau & Kapadia in J. Bombay
Flowering: August–September. Nat. Hist. Soc. 59: 829. 1962.
Life form: Terrestrial. Luisia laurifolia M.R.Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra
Habitat: Reported from lateritic plateau of Malvan 5A: 66. 2009, nom. superfl.
c. 50 m. Luisia laurifolia var. evangelinae (Blatt. &
Distribution in Maharashtra: Sindhudurg. McCann) M.R.Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra 5A:
General distribution: India (Assam, Karnataka, 66. 2009.
Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu), Bangladesh, Flowering: March–April.
Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Indo-China. Life form: Epiphytic.
Note: This is reported by Stocks from Konkan Habitat: Found in semi-evergreen forests and
and by Dalzell & Gibson from Malvan. No moist deciduous forests between 100–600 m.
subsequent workers have collected it again. Distribution in Maharashtra: Satara and Thane.
There is no herbarium record available in General distribution: India (Goa, Karnatak,
BLAT, BSI, SUK, CAL from Maharashtra. Kerala, Maharashtra), Sri Lanka.
Specimens examined: Satara district, Koyna valley,
Liparis Rich. Z.J.Kapadia 2912 (BLAT). Thane district,
Liparis odorata (Willd.) Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl.: Tungar, N.Y.Das 3218 (BLAT).
26. 1830. Fig. 7L. Luisia trichorhiza (Hook.) Blume, Rumphia 4: 50.
Malaxis odorata Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 91. 1805.. 1849.
Liparis dalzellii Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 698. Vanda trichorhiza Hook., Exot. Fl. 1: t. 72. 1823.
1890. Flowering: March–April.
Flowering: June–September. Life form: Epiphyte.
Life form: Terrestrial. Habitat: Found in dry deciduous forests.
Habitat: Found in semi-evergreen forests at Distribution in Maharashtra: Amravati and
elevations between 100–1200 m. Gadchiroli.
Distribution in Maharashtra: Kolhapur, Pune, General distribution: India (Assam, Meghalaya,
Satara and Sindhudurg. Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, West
General distribution: India (Assam, Manipur, Bengal, Uttarakhand, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha,
Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Arunachal Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Chhattisgarh,
Pradesh, Sikkim, West Bengal, Uttarakhand, Jharkhand), Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal,
Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Karnataka, Myanmar, Thailand.
Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Jharkhand), Specimens examined: Amravati district, Amzari,
Bhutan, Nepal, China, Myanmar, Japan, G.D.Muratkar 2433 (BAMU). Gadchiroli
Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Pacific islands. district, Bhamaragad range, R.S.Govekar 197
Specimens examined: Kolhapur district, (BAMU).
Radhanagari, J.S.Jalal 200523 (BSI). Pune Luisia zeylanica Lindl., Fol. Orchid. 4: 3. 1853
district, Saltar dam, Lonavala, J.S.Jalal Flowering: May–June.
Figure 6. A. Conchidium reticosum, B. Eulophia graminea, C. Eulophia herbacea, D. Eulophia pratensis, E. Eulophia spectabilis,
F. Geodorum densiflorum, G. Habenaria brachyphylla, H. Habenaria commelinifolia, I. Habenaria crinifera, J. Habenaria
digitata, K. Habenaria diphylla, L. Habenaria foliosa, M. Habenaria furcifera.
48 LANKESTERIANA
Figure 7. A. Habenaria gibsonii, B. Habenaria grandifloriformis, C. Habenaria heyneana, D. Habenaria longicorniculata, E.

Habenaria marginata, F. Habenaria multicaudata, G. Habenaria ovalifolia, H. Habenaria plantaginea, I. Habenaria rariflora,
J. Habenaria roxburghii, K. Habenaria suaveolens, L. Liparis odorata.

Life form: Epiphyte. Flowering: May–August.

Habitat: Found in dry deciduous forests and moist Life form: Terrestrial.
deciduous forests. Habitat: Found in moist localities under the shade
Distribution in Maharashtra: Amravati and of deciduous forests, dry deciduous forests and
Sindhudurg. semi-evergreen forests.
General distribution: India (Assam, Meghalaya, Distribution in Maharashtra: Kolhapur,
Manipur, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh, Nandurbar, Nashik, Pune, Raigad, Ratnagiri,
Goa, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Andaman Sindhudurg and Thane.
& Nicobar), Nepal, Myanmar, Indonesia, General distribution: India (Assam, Meghalaya,
Malaysia, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam. Manipur, Nagaland, Sikkim, West Bengal,
Specimens examined: Amravati district, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Andhra
Chikhaldara, J.S.Jalal 200742 (BSI). Pradesh, Odisha, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil
Sindhudurg district, Sawantwadi, J.S.Jalal Nadu, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan,
194992 (BSI). Andaman & Nicobar), Bangladesh, Bhutan,
Nepal, China, Myanmar, Indonesia, Japan,
Malaxis Sol. ex Sw. Malaysia, New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand,
Laos, Vietnam, Pacific islands, Australia.
Malaxis versicolor (Lindl.) Abeyw., Ceylon J. Sci.
Specimens examined: Kolhapur district,
Biol. Sci. 2: 247. 1959. Fig. 8A.
Radhanagari, J.S.Jalal 200535 (BSI).
Microstylis versicolor Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl.
Nandurbar district, Toranmal, 18.07.2014,
21. 1830.
J.S.Jalal 195134 (BSI). Nashik district, Near
Corymborkis versicolor (Lindl.) M.R.Almeida, Fl.
Saputara, J.S.Jalal 195141 (BSI). Pune district,
Maharashtra 5A: 30. 2009.
Nane Ghat, J.S.Jalal 200838 (BSI). Raigad
Flowering: July–August.
district, Supegaon, J.S.Jalal 200892 (BSI).
Ratnagiri district, Dapoli, J.S.Jalal 194929
Habitat: Found in shady localities of semi-
(BSI). Sindhudurg district, Sawantwadi,
evergreen forests and evergreen forests.
J.S.Jalal 200517 (BSI). Thane district, Tansa,
Raigad, Ratnagiri, Satara and Sindhudurg.
Nervilia crociformis (Zoll. & Moritzi) Seidenf.,
General distribution: India (Andhra Pradesh,
Dansk. Bot. Ark. 32: 151, f. 92. 1978. Fig. 8C.
Odisha, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala,
Bulborchis crociformisZoll. & Moritzi, Syst. Verz.
Tamil Nadu), Sri Lanka.
89. 1846.
Specimens examined: Kolhapur district, Ajara,
Nervilia prainiana (King & Pantl.) Seidenf., Dansk
J.S.Jalal 200498 (BSI). Pune district, Ambavne,
Bot. Ark. 32(2): 149. 1978.
B.Venkata Reddi 99309 (BSI). Raigad district,
Matheran, J.S.Jalal 200583 (BSI). Ratnagiri
district, Shivapur, B.G.Kulkarni 129655 (BSI).
Habitat: Found in moist deciduous forests, dry
Satara district, Mahabaleshwar, J.S.Jalal
deciduous forests and semi-evergreen forests.
200432 (BSI). Sindhudurg district, Amboli,
Satara and Sindhudurg.
General distribution: India (Manipur, Arunachal
Nervilia Comm. ex Gaudich.
Pradesh, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, Andhra Pradesh,
Nervilia concolor (Blume) Schltr., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. Odisha, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra,
45: 404. 1911. Fig. 8B. Tamil Nadu, Jharkhand), Nepal, China,
Cordyla concolor Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind.: 416. 1825. Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand,
Nervilia aragoana Gaudich., Voy. Uranie 422, t. Vietnam, New Guinea, Africa, Australia.
35. 1829. Specimens examined: Kolhapur district, Chandgad,
50 LANKESTERIANA
J.S.Jalal 200974 (BSI). Pune district, Nane Specimens examined: Kolhapur district, Tilari,
Ghat, J.S.Jalal 200839 (BSI). Satara district, Chandgad, J.S.Jalal 197711 (BSI). Pune
Mahabaleshwar, J.S.Jalal 200429 (BSI). district, Bhimashanker, Z.J.Kapadia 1464
Sindhudurg district, Amboli, J.S.Jalal 200497 (BLAT). Sindhudurg district, Amboli, J.S.Jalal
(BSI). 200489 (BSI). Thane district, Malshej Ghat,
Nervilia infundibulifolia Blatt. & McCann, J. Bombay J.S.Jalal 200848 (BSI).
Nat. Hist. Soc. 35: 725, t. 3. 1932. Fig. 8D.
Flowering: May–June. Oberonia Lindl.
Life form: Terrestrial. Oberonia bicornis Lindl.,Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 16.
Habitat: Found in moist-shaded and damp places 1830.
under dense shade. Flowering: October–November.
Distribution in Maharashtra: Pune, Raigad, Life form: Epiphyte.
Thane and Sindhudurg. Habitat: Found in semi-evergreen forests at higher
General distribution: India (Arunachal Pradesh, plateaus.
Uttarakhand, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Distribution in Maharashtra: Sindhudurg.
Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu General distribution: India (Mizoram, Meghalaya,
Jharkhand), Myanmar, Indonesia, Malaysia, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu),
Thailand, Laos. Bangladesh.
Specimens examined: Pune district, Amby valley, Specimen examined: Sindhudurg district, Chaukul,
J.S.Jalal 200405 (BSI). Raigad district, B.G.Gavade 61 (BLAT).
Phansad, J.S.Jalal 200882 (BSI). Thane Oberonia brunoniana Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 5
district, Malshej Ghat, J.S.Jalal 200846 (BSI). (1): t. 1662. 1851. Fig. 8F.
Sindhudurg district, Chaukul, J.S.Jalal 195003 Flowering: July–October.
(BSI). Life form: Epiphyte.
Nervilia plicata (Andrews) Schltr., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. Habitat: Found under the shade of semi-evergreen
45: 403. 1911. Fig. 8E. forests.
Arethusa plicata Andrews, Bot. Repos. 5: 321. Distribution in Maharashtra: Kolhapur and
1803. Thane.
Pogonia plicata (Andrews) Lindl., Gen. Sp. General distribution: India (Andhra Pradesh,
Orchid. Pl.: 415. 1840. Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil
Nervilia discolor (Blume) Schltr., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. Nadu, Dadara & Nagar Haveli), endemic to
45: 403. 1911. Western Ghats.
Flowering: May–August. Specimens examined: Satara district, Koyna,
Life form: Terrestrial. J.S.Jalal 200772 (BSI). Thane district, Kasa,
Habitat: Found in moist deciduous forests, semi- Yadav & Soman 2600 (Sardar Patel University
evergreen forests. Herbarium).
Distribution in Maharashtra: Kolhapur, Pune, Oberonia ensiformis (Sm.) Lindl., Fol. Orchid. 8: 4.
Sindhudurg and Thane. 1859.
General distribution: India (Assam, Manipur, Malaxis ensiformis Sm. in A.Rees, Cycl. 22: n.º 14.
Meghalaya, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh, 1812.
Sikkim, West Bengal, Himachal Pradesh, Flowering: December–January.
Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand, Odisha, Life form: Epiphyte.
Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Habitat: Found under the shade of moist deciduous
Nadu, Andaman & Nicobar), Bangladesh, forests.
Bhutan, Nepal, China, Myanmar, Indonesia, Distribution in Maharashtra: Thane.
Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Laos, General distribution: India (Manipur, Meghalaya,
Vietnam, New Guinea, Australia. Mizoram, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim,
West Bengal, Uttarakhand, Andhra Pradesh, Oberonia recurva var. lingmalensis (Blatt. &
Odisha, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil McCann) Santapau & Kapadia, J. Bombay Nat.
Nadu, Andaman & Nicobar), Nepal, China, Hist. Soc. 57: 259. 1960.
Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam. Flowering: October–March.
Specimen examined: Thane district, Usgaon, Life form: Epiphyte.
N.Y.Das 3203 (BLAT). Habitat: Found in dry deciduous forests, moist
Oberonia falconeri Hook. f. in Hooker’s Icon. Pl. Ind. deciduous forests and semi-evergreen forests.
Orient. Pl. 18: t. 1780. 1888. Distribution in Maharashtra: Kolhapur, Pune,
Flowering: August–September. Ratnagiri, Satara and Sindhudurg.
Life form: Epiphyte. General distribution: India (Meghalaya, Sikkim,
Habitat: Found in dry deciduous forests and moist West Bengal, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra),
deciduous forests. Bhutan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, China, Thailand.
Distribution in Maharashtra: Thane. Specimens examined: Kolhapur district, Chandgad,
General distribution: India (Assam, Meghalaya, J.S.Jalal 194986 (BSI). Pune district,
Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, West Bengal, Bhimashankar, J.S.Jalal 200725 (BSI).
Uttarakhand, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Ratnagiri district, Mandangad, J.S.Jalal
Karnataka, Maharashtra, Bihar, Jharkhand, 200733 (BSI). Satara district, Mahabaleshwar,
Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh), Bangladesh, J.S.Jalal 200412 (BSI). Sindhudurg district,
Nepal, China, Malaysia, Thailand, Laos, Khamdadev plateau, J.S.Jalal 195015 (BSI).
Vietnam. Oberonia verticillata Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 5:
Specimen examined: Thane district, Tansa, t. 1626. 1851.
Z.J.Kapadia 731 (BLAT). Flowering: September–October.
Oberonia mucronata (D.Don) Ormerod & Seidenf. in Life form: Epiphyte.
G.Seidenfaden, Contr. Orchid Fl. Thailand 13: 20. Habitat: Found in dry deciduous forest on Ficus
1997. tree.
Stelis mucronata D.Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal.: 32. Distribution in Maharashtra: Thana.
1825. General distribution: India (Goa, Karnataka,
Oberonia denticulata Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu), endemic to
5: t. 1625. 1851. Western Ghats.
Oberonia iridifolia var. denticulata (Wight) Specimen examined: Thana: Kasa, K.V.S.
Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 676. 1890. Badarinath 4021 (Sardar Patel University
Flowering: September–October. Herbarium, Gujarat).
Habitat: Found in moist deciduous forests. Pachystoma Blume
Distribution in Maharashtra: Thane. Pachystoma pubescens Blume, Bijdr. 376, t. 3, f. 3.
General distribution: India (Assam, Manipur, 1825.
Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Arunachal Flowering: February–March.
Pradesh, Sikkim, West Bengal, Andhra Life form: Terrestrial.
Pradesh, Odisha, Gujarat, Goa, Kerala, Tamil Habitat: Found in semi-evergreen forests in open
Nadu, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Andaman & situation.
Nicobar), Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, China, Distribution in Maharashtra: Satara.
Myanmar, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, General distribution: India (Manipur, Meghalaya,
Laos. Mizoram, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh,
Specimen examined: Thane district, Tansa, Sikkim, West Bengal, Himachal Pradesh,
Z.J.Kapadia 1638 (BLAT). Uttarakhand, Odisha, Karnataka, Kerala,
Oberonia recurva Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh,
25(Misc.): 14. 1839. Fig. 8G. Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Andaman & Nicobar),
52 LANKESTERIANA
Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Myanmar, General distribution: India (Goa, Karnataka,

Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Indo-China, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu), Nepal, Sri
New Guinea, Australia. Lanka, Myanmar.
Specimen examined: Satara district, Koyna, Specimens examined: Kolhapur district, Gajapur,
Bachulkar 323 (SUK). M.M.Sardesai 201 (SUK). Satara district,
Shirshingi, R.K.Kochhar 153668 (BSI).
Pecteilis Raf. Sindhudurg district, Amboli, J.S.Jalal 200479
(BSI).
Pecteilis gigantea (Sm.) Rafin., Fl. Tell. 2: 38. 1837.
Peristylus constrictus (Lindl.) Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid.
Fig. 8H.
Pl.: 300. 1835.
Orchis gigantea Sm., Exot. Bot. 2: 79. 1806.
Herminium constrictum Lindl., Edwards’s Bot.
Flowering: September–October.
Reg. 18: t. 1499. 1832.
Flowering: August–September.
Habitat: Found in open grassy slopes and plateaus
of moist deciduous forests, semi-evergreen
Habitat: Found in grassy slopes of dry deciduous
forests along margins of forests in open and
forests.
usually on slightly sloping grounds.
Distribution in Maharashtra: Amravati.
Distribution in Maharashtra: Bhandara,
General distribution: India (Assam, Meghalaya,
Kolhapur, Nashik, Pune, Raigad, Satara,
Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, West
Sindhudurg and Thane.
Bengal, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir,
General distribution: India (Nagaland, Himachal
Uttarakhand, Odisha, Maharashtra, Bihar,
Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand, Andhra
Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh),
Pradesh, Odisha, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka,
Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, China, Myanmar,
Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Dadara &
Philippines, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam.
Nagar Haveli, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh,
Specimen examined: Amravati district, Semadoh,
Bihar, Jharkhand), Pakistan, Myanmar.
M.Y.Ansari 149372 (BSI).
Specimens examined: Bhandara district,
Peristylus densus (Lindl.) Santapau & Kapadia in J.
Kusumtondi, S.K.Malhotra 144689 (BSI).
Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 57: 128. 1960. Fig. 8J.
Kolhapur district, Radhanagari, J.S.Jalal
Coeloglossum densum Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl.:
200526 (BSI). Nashik district, Kumbhala, John
302. 1835.
Cherian 112620 (BSI). Pune district, Mulshi,
J.S.Jalal 195078 (BSI). Raigad district,
Matheran, J.S.Jalal 200703 (BSI). Satara
Habitat: Found in high altitude rocky plateaus.
district, Mahabaleshwar, J.S.Jalal 200420
(BSI). Sindhudurg district, Kudal, J.S.Jalal
Satara, Sindhudurg and Thane.
200513 (BSI). Thane district, Tansa, J.S.Jalal
General distribution: India (Meghalaya,
200855 (BSI).
Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Goa,
Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil
Peristylus Blume
Nadu), Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, China,
Peristylus aristatus Lindl.,Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl.: 300. Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam.
1835. Fig. 8I. Specimens examined: Kolhapur district, Chandgad,
Flowering: July–September. J.S.Jalal 194977 (BSI). Pune district, Mulshi,
Life form: Terrestrial. B.Venkata Reddi 99065 (BSI). Satara district,
Habitat: Found under the shade of semi-evergreen Mahabaleshwar, M.Y.Ansari 67726 (BSI).
forests. Sindhudurg district, Jalvadi-Chokul, J.S.Jalal
Distribution in Maharashtra: Kolhapur, Satara 195006 (BSI). Thane district, Tokavada range,
and Sindhudurg. K.V.Billore 115809 (BSI).
Peristylus lawii Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 5: t. 1695. Distribution in Maharashtra: Amravati,
1851. Kolhapur, Nashik, Pune, Raigad, Ratnagiri and
Flowering: July–September. Thane.
Habit and Habitat: Terrestrials, found under General distribution: India (Goa, Gujarat,
the shade of moist deciduous forests and dry Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Bihar,
deciduous forests between 200–500 m. Madhya Pradesh), endemic to India.
Distribution in Maharashtra: Thane and Specimens examined: Amravati district, Melghat,
Yavatmal. M.Y.Ansari 149371 (BSI). Kolhapur district,
General distribution: India (Uttarakhand, Odisha, Chandgad, J.S.Jalal 194983 (BSI). Nashik
Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil district, Kasara ghat, J.S.Jalal 200873 (BSI).
Nadu, Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh), Pune district, Rajmachi, J.S.Jalal 200577
Nepal, Myanmar. (BSI). Raigad district, Matheran, J.S.Jalal
Specimens examined: Thane district, Tansa, J.S.Jalal 200597 (BSI). Ratnagiri district, Phonda ghat,
200861 (BSI). Yavatmal district, Patan Bori R.S.Rao 129680 (BSI). Thane district, Malshej
Range, S. Karthikeyan 160088 (BSI). ghat, J.S.Jalal 200844 (BSI).
Peristylus plantagineus (Lindl.) Lindl., Gen. Sp.
Orchid. Pl.: 300. 1835. Pholidota Lindl.
Herminium plantagineum Lindl., Edwards’s Bot.
Pholidota imbricata Lindl. in W.J.Hooker, Exot. Fl. 2:
Reg. 18: t. 1499. 1832.
t. 138. 1825.
Flowering: August–October.
Flowering: July–September.
Habitat: Found in dry deciduous forests, moist
deciduous forests, semi-evergreen forests.
Distribution in Maharashtra: Chandrapur,
Kolhapur and Sindhudurg.
Gadchiroli, Kolhapur, Pune, Raigad, Satara,
and Sindhudurg.
General distribution: India (West Bengal,
Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Gujarat,
Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh), Sri Lanka.
Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh,
Specimens examined: Chandrapur district,
Andaman & Nicobar), Bangladesh, Bhutan,
Amborthra, B.M.Wadhwa 137363A (BSI).
Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, China, Myanmar,
Gadchiroli district, R.S.Govekar 1284
Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, New Guinea,
(BAMU). Kolhapur district, Chandgad,
Pacific islands, Australia.
J.S.Jalal 194984 (BSI). Pune district,
Specimens examined: Gadchiroli district,
Nane Ghat, J.S.Jalal 200841 (BSI). Raigad
Binagunda, R.S.Govekar 1703 (BAMU).
district, Matheran, J.S.Jalal 200701 (BSI).
Kolhapur district, Patgaon, M.M.Sardesai 2043
Sindhudurg district, Amboli, J.S.Jalal
(SUK). Sindhudurg district, Virdi, Sawantwadi,
200482 (BSI).
S.M.Almeida 4895 (BLAT).
Peristylus stocksii (Hook.f.) Kraenzl., Orchid. Gen.
Sp. 1: 513. 1898. Fig. 8K.
Pinalia Lindl.
Habenaria stocksii Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 6: 158.
1890. Pinalia mysorensis (Lindl.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2:
Flowering: July–September. 679. 1891.
Life form: Terrestrial. Eria mysorensis Lindl., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 3:
Habitat: Found in dry deciduous forests, moist 54. 1858.
deciduous forests and semi-evergreen forests. Flowering: July–October.
54 LANKESTERIANA
Life form: Epiphyte. Porpax Lindl.

Porpax jerdoniana (Wight) Rolfe, Orchid Rev. 16: 8.
Distribution in Maharashtra: Satara.
1908.
General distribution: India (Karnataka, Kerala,
Lichenora jerdoniana Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient.
Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu), endemic to
5: t. 1738. 1851.
Western Ghats.
Specimen examined: Satara district, Mahabaleshwar,
16.08.1883, J.M.Woodrow s.n. (CAL acc.n.
Habitat: Found in moist deciduous and semi-
453115).
evergreen forests.
Note: This species was collected by J.M.Woodrow
Distribution in Maharashtra: Kolhapur, Thane,
from Mahabaleshwar in 1883. After that it
Ratnagiri and Sindhdurg.
was not collected by any subsequent workers
General distribution: India (Goa, Maharashtra,
from Mahabaleshwar or any other area from
Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andaman &
Maharashtra.
Nicobar), endemic to India.
Pinalia polystachya (A.Rich.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl.
Specimens examined: Kolhapur district, Tilari,
2: 679. 1891.
J.S.Jalal 197746 (BSI). Ratnagiri district,
Eria polystachya A.Rich., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. Kudavale, J.S.Jalal 194921 (BSI). Thane
2, 15: 20. 1841. district, Usgaon, N.Y.Das 1704 (BLAT).
Flowering: July–October. Sindhudurg district, Amboli, M.R.Almeida 334
Life form: Epiphyte. (BLAT).
Habitat: Found in semi-evergreen forests. Porpax reticulata Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg.
Distribution in Maharashtra: Satara. 31(Misc.): 62. 1845. Fig. 8L.
General distribution: India (Karnataka, Kerala, Flowering: April–June.
Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu), endemic to Life form: Epiphyte.
Western Ghats. Habitat: Found in moist deciduous forests and
Specimen examined: Satara district, Koyna valley, semi-evergreen forests.
July 1892. Herb. Cooke no. 447 (BSI). Distribution in Maharashtra: Kolhapur, Pune,
Note: This species is endemic to Western Ghats. It Raigad, Ratnagiri and Sindhudurg.
was reported from Koyna valley in 1892. Only General distribution: India (Goa, Maharashtra,
single specimen of this taxon is available in Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu), Thailand,
herbarium BSI. Laos, Vietnam.
Plectoglossa (Hook.f.) K. Prasad &Venu J.S.Jalal 194970 (BSI). Pune district,
Khandala, H.Santapau 743 (BLAT). Raigad
Plectoglossa perrottetiana (A. Rich.) K. Prasad &
district, Matheran, N.A.Irani 4314 (BLAT).
Venu, Rheedea 88. 2015.
Ratnagiri district, Kudavale, J.S.Jalal 194922
Habenaria perrottetiana A. Rich. in Ann. Sci. Nat.,
(BSI). Sindhudurg district, Amboli, J.S.Jalal
Bot., 2,15:74, t. 4 B. 1841.
200477 (BSI).
Flowering: August–October.
Habitat and ecology: Terrestrials, found in open
Rhynchostylis Blume
grassy slopes of higher plateaus.
Distribution in Maharashtra: Kolhapur. Rhynchostylis retusa (L.) Blume, Bijdr. 286. 1825.
General distribution: India (Karnataka, Kerala, Epidendrum retusum L., Sp. Pl.: 953. 1753.
Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu), endemic to Flowering: June–July.
Western Ghats. Life form: Epiphyte.
Specimen examined: Kolhapur district, Amba, Habitat: Found in dry deciduous forests and moist
M.M.Sardesai 4341 (SUK). deciduous forests.
Distribution in Maharashtra: Amravati, Life form: Epiphyte.

Gadchiroli, Kolhapur, Nashik, Mumbai Habitat: Found in semi-evergreen forests.
Suburban, Pune, Raigad, Ratnagiri and Thane. Distribution in Maharashtra: Ratnagiri.
General distribution: India (Assam, Manipur, General distribution: India (Goa, Karnataka,
Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura, Kerala, Maharashtra), endemic to Western
Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, West Bengal, Ghats.
Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Specimens examined: Ratnagiri district, Vigavani,
Uttarakhand, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, Goa, J.S.Jalal 194912 (BSI).
Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Smithsonia viridiflora (Dalzell) C.J.Saldanha, J.
Tamil Nadu, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 71: 75. 1974. Fig. 8M.
Madhya Pradesh, Andaman & Nicobar), Micropera viridiflora Dalzell, Hooker’s J. Bot.
Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, China, Kew Gard. Misc. 3: 282. 1851.
Myanmar, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Aerides dalzelliana (Santapau) Garay, Bot. Mus.
Thailand, Indo-China. Leafl. 23: 158. 1972.
Specimens examined: Amravati district, Semadoah, Flowering: May–June.
J.S.Jalal 200753 (BSI). Gadchiroli district, Life form: Epiphyte.
R.S.Govekar s.n. (BAMU). Kolhapur Habitat: Found in semi-evergreen and evergreen
district, Patgaon, M.M.Sardesai 1310 (SUK). forests.
Mumbai Suburban district, Malad, G.L.Shah Distribution in Maharashtra: Kolhapur, Pune,
4626 (BLAT). Nashik district, Umberthan, Satara and Sindhudurg.
P.L.Narasimhan 165454 (BSI). Pune district, General distribution: India (Goa, Karnataka,
Khandala, J.S.Jalal 195041 (BSI). Raigad Kerala, Maharashtra), endemic to Western
district, Karjat, J.S.Jalal 195049 (BSI). Ghats.
Ratnagiri district, Dapoli, J.S.Jalal 194937 Specimens examined: Kolhapur district, Amba,
(BSI). Thane district, Tansa, J.S.Jalal 200864 R.K.Bhide s.n. (BSI). Pune district, Dudhivare
(BSI). khind, J.S.Jalal 195071 (BSI). Satara district,
Koyna, J.S.Jalal 200796 (BSI). Sindhudurg
Smithsonia C.J.Saldanha district, Amboli, J.S.Jalal 200403 (BSI).
Smithsonia maculata (Dalzell) C.J.Saldanha, J.
Spiranthes Rich.
Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 71: 74. 1974.
Micropera maculata Dalzell, Hooker’s J. Bot. Kew Spiranthes sinensis (Pers.) Ames, Orchidaceae 2: 53.
Gard. Misc. 3: 282. 1851. 1908.
Flowering: May–June. Neottia sinensis Pers., Syn. Pl. 2: 511. 1807.
Life form: Epiphyte. Spiranthes lancea (Thunb. ex Sw.) Bakh.f. &
Distribution in Maharashtra: Sindhudurg. Steenis, Blumea 6: 361. 1950.
General distribution: India (Maharashtra, Flowering: March – September.
Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu), endemic Life form: Terrestrial.
to Western Ghats. Distribution in Maharashtra: Satara.
Note: T. Cooke has reported this species from General distribution: India (Assam, Manipur,
‘Phondaghat’ (in Kankavli taluka) based on the Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura,
collection by Ritchie. There is no herbarium Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, West Bengal,
record in BSI, CAL and BLAT of this species. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir,
We have not seen any wild population of this Uttarakhand, Odisha, Punjab, Karnataka,
plant in Maharashtra. Kerala), Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan,
Smithsonia straminea C.J.Saldanha, J. Bombay Nat. Nepal, China, Myanmar, Japan, Kashmir, Korea,
Hist. Soc. 71: 73. 1974. Malaysia, Mongolia, Philippines, Thailand,
Flowering: May–June. Vietnam, Pacific islands, Russia, Australia.
56 LANKESTERIANA
Note: This species is included based on Santapau Bengal, Uttarakhand, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha,
and Kapadia (1966). They discovered it by an Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra,
accident. Mrs. Rukminibai collected a group Tamil Nadu, Dadara & Nagar Haveli, Bihar,
of lily bulbs from Panchgani and planted in Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh,
St. Xavier’s College terrace garden. In the Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan), Bangladesh, Nepal,
subsequent year during the month of March Sri Lanka, Myanmar.
it was flowering along with lilies plants. The Specimens examined: Amravati district,
specimen number 1916 by Kapadia (BLAT) Tarubanda, J.S.Jalal 200771 (BSI). Bhandara
couldn’t be traced in BLAT Harbarium. It was district, Nagzira, S.K.Malhotra 145137
also reported by Stocks from Konkan region. (BSI). Chandrapur district, Bhawragarh,
S.R.Rolla 96586 (BSI). Gadchiroli district,
Thunia Rchb.f. R.S.Govekar 0001 (BAMU). Nandurbar
district, Toranmal, J.S.Jalal 195117
Thunia alba (Lindl.) Rchb.f. var. bracteata (Roxb.)
(BSI). Yavatmal district, Kharbi range, S.
N.Pearce & P.J.Cribb in Edinb. J. Bot. 58: 116.
Karthikeyan 156720 (BSI).
2001. Limodorum bracteatum Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed.
Vanda testacea (Lindl.) Rchb. f., Gard Chron.2:
1832, 3: 466. 1832.
166.1877.
Thunia venosa Rolfe, Orchid Rev. 12: 206. 1905.
Aerides testacea Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl.: 238.
1833.
Aerides wightiana Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl.:
Habitat: Found in semi evergreen forests.
238. 1833.
Distribution in Maharashtra: Kolhapur, Pune and
Vanda testacea var. parviflora (Lindl.)
Satara.
M.R.Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra 5A: 90. 2009.
Genaral distribution: India (Meghalaya,
Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Andhra
Habitat: Found in moist deciduous forests and dry
Pradesh, Odisha, Kerala, Maharashtra),
deciduous forests.
Bhutan, Nepal.
Distribution in Maharashtra: Amravati,
Gadchiroli, Thane, Nandurbar, Nashik, Raigad
J.S.Jalal 194971 (BSI). Pune district, Ambavne,
and Ratnagiri.
B.Venkata Reddi 99020 (BSI). Satara district,
Mahabaleshwar, M.M.Sardesai 1422 (SUK).
Mizoram, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh,
Sikkim, West Bengal, Himachal Pradesh,
Vanda Jones ex R. Br.
Vanda tessellata (Roxb.) Hook. ex G.Don in Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu,
J.C.Loudon, Hort. Brit.: 372. 1830. Fig. 8N. Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh,
Epidendrum tessellatum Roxb., Pl. Coromandel 1: Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan), Nepal, Sri Lanka,
34. 1795. Myanmar.
Flowering: March–June. Specimens examined: Amravati district, Melghat,
Life form: Epiphyte. J.S.Jalal 200747 (BSI). Gadchiroli district,
Habitat: Epiphytes, found in moist deciduous R.S.Govekar 1691 (BAMU). Thane district,
forests and dry deciduous forests. Tansa, J.S.Jalal 200864 (BSI). Nandurbar
Distribution in Maharashtra: Amravati, district, Toranmal, J.S.Jalal 195120 (BSI).
Bhandara, Chandrapur, Gadchiroli, Nandurbar Nashik district, Pimpalsonda, P.L.Narasimhan
and Yavatmal. 166395 (BSI). Raigad district, Talerwarphata,
General distribution: India (Assam, Nagaland, J.S.Jalal 194902 (BSI). Ratnagiri district,
Tripura, Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, West Dapoli, J.S.Jalal 194934 (BSI).
Figure 8. A. Malaxis versicolor, B. Nervilia concolor, C. Nervilia crociformis, D. Nervilia infundibulifolia, E. Nervilia plicata, F.
Oberonia brunoniana, G. Oberonia recurva, H. Pecteilis gigantea, I. Peristylus aristatus, J. Peristylus densus, K. Peristylus
stocksii, L. Porpax reticulata, M. Smithsonia viridiflora, N. Vanda tessellata.
58 LANKESTERIANA
Zeuxine Lindl. Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Bihar, Jharkhand,

Delhi, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar
Zeuxine gracilis (Breda) Blume, Coll. Orchid.: 69. 1858.
Pradesh, Andaman & Nicobar), Afghanistan,
Psychechilos gracilis Breda, Gen. Sp. Orchid.
Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri lanka,
Asclep. 2: t. 9. 1829.
China, Myanmar, Indonesia, Japan, Philippines,
Flowering: February–March.
Malaysia, Thailand, Indo-China, West Asia,
New Guinea, Africa, America.
Specimens examined: Ahmednagar district,
Distribution in Maharashtra: Kolhapur.
Khandgaon, R.Shinde 735 (BLAT). Akola
General distribution: India (Meghalaya,
district, Patur, S.Y.Kamble 152782 (BSI).
Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh, Odisha,
Kolhapur district, Shivaji University campus,
J.S.Jalal 200732 (BSI). Pune district, Mulshi,
Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam.
R.V.Kammathy 78359 (BSI). Solapur district,
Specimen examined: Kolhapur district, Dajipur,
Ujani, S.K. Das Das 179635 (BSI).
M.M.Sardesai 2045 (SUK).
Zeuxine longilabris (Lindl.) Trimen, Syst. Cat. Fl. Pl. Imperfectly known species
Ceylon: 90. 1885.
Monochilus longilabris Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Habenaria caranjensis Dalzell has uncertain identity
Pl.: 487. 1840. and status. There is no specimen in any herbaria
Flowering: February. and it was not collected by any other botanist after
Life form: Terrestrial. Dalzell (Dalzell & Gibson 1861). Santapau and
Habitat: Found in semi-evergreen forests and Kapadia (1966) stated that the original locality
evergreen forests. given by Dalzell is the islands of ‘Carunja near
Distribution in Maharashtra: Kolhapur and Bombay’. Carunja is a place near the Bombay
Sindhudurg. coast and not an island. Moreover, at present the
General distribution: India (Assam, Tripura, area belongs to Indian Navy and converted for
Arunachal Pradesh, West Bengal, Odisha, Navy operations with port and township. Hence,
Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil existence of this species is doubtful.
Nadu, Bihar), Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka,
Myanmar, Malaysia, Thailand, Cambodia. Excluded Taxa
Specimens examined: Kolhapur district, Pargad These species have been reported from
road, J.S.Jalal 195197 (BSI). Sindhudurg Maharashtra by previous workers but are not included
district, Amboli, J.S.Jalal 194948 (BSI). in our Checklist for the reasons given.
Zeuxine strateumatica (L.) Schltr., Bot. Jahrb. 45:
394. 1911. Acampe rigida (Buch.-Ham. ex Sm.) P.F.Hunt was
Orchis strateumatica L. Sp. Pl. 2: 943. 1753. reported by Singh & Dawre (1983) based on col-
Flowering: January–March. lection numbers R.D.Pataekar 102001 (BSI) and
Life form: Terrestrial. H.P.Paranjape s.n. (BSI), which has been re-iden-
Habitat: Found in marshy and sandy localities tified as Acampe praemorsa (Roxb.) Blatt. & Mc-
especially along river banks among the grasses. Cann.
Distribution in Maharashtra: Ahmednagar, Diplocentrum congestum Wight was included
Akola, Kolhapur, Pune and Solapur. by Barbhuiya and Salunkhe (2016) in orchids
General distribution: India (Assam, Manipur, of Maharashtra based on collection number
Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura, S.M.Almeida 601 (BLAT), which was reidentified
Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, West Bengal, as Smithsonia straminea C.J.Saldanha.
Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Odisha, Liparis dalzellii Hook.f.was included by Barbhuiya
Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, and Salunkhe (2016) in his list orchids of
Maharashtra citing collection number Dalzell 47 However Gammie (1908) had clearly mentioned
(K-000387793). However, the Dalzell’s specimen that this has not been recorded from Bombay but
is identified as Liparis odorata. from the nearby ghats of forest of Belgaum and
Liparis nervosa (Thunb.) Lindl. was included by North Kanara, which are in Karnataka state.
Almeida (2009) in Flora of Maharashtra and Pteroceras viridiflorum (Thwaites) Holttum
Barbhuiya and Salunkhe (2016) in his list orchids was included by Almeida (2009) in Flora of
of Maharashtra citing the collection numbers Maharashtra and Barbhuiya and Salunkhe (2016)
S.M.Almeida 515 (BLAT), Gavade 1475 (BLAT), in Orchids of Maharashtra citing the collection
which was reidentified as Liparis odorata. number M.R.Almeida 1621 (BLAT), which was
Liparis viridiflora (Blume) Lindl. was included by reidentified as Smithsonia viridiflora.
Barbhuiya and Salunkhe (2016) in Orchids of Satyrium nepalense D.Don was included by Almeida
Maharashtra based on collection number Rao (2009) in Flora of Maharashtra and Barbhuiya and
95193 (CAL). After examining that specimen it Salunkhe (2016) in Orchids of Maharashtra citing
was found that the distribution locality is from the collection number S.M.Almeida 2483 (BLAT),
Karnataka. which was reidentified as Peristylus plantagineus.
Malaxis densiflora (A. Rich.) Kuntze was included
by Almeida (2009) in Flora of Maharashtra Doubtful Taxa
and Barbhuiya and Salunkhe (2016) in Orchids
Diplocentrum recurvum Lindl. was included by
of Maharashtra citing the collection number
Lakshminarasimhan et al. (1996) based on
B.G.Gavade 441 (BLAT), which was reidentified
L.D.Garade’s 257 (BSI) dated 27.05.1902 locality
as Malaxis versicolor.
College garden, Poona. There is no other specimen
Peristylus affinis (D.Don) Seidenf. was included
to prove its occurrence in wild in Maharashtra.
by Almeida (2009) in Flora of Maharashtra
It requires further intensive survey to confirm its
presence.
Peristylus spiralis A.Rich. is based on a collection by
S.M.Almeida 4959 (BLAT), which was reidentified
Law said to be from the Konkan region. There is no
as Habenaria marginata.
specimen in any herbaria and it was not collected
Peristylus gardneri (Hook.f.) Kraenzl. was included
by any other botanist.
by Almeida (2009) in Flora of Maharashtra
Cultivated taxa
S.M.Almeida 3150 (BLAT), which was reidentified Twenty-two species viz., Coelogyne flaccida,
as Peristylus densus. C. nitida, Cymbidium eburneum, Dendrobium
Peristylus richardianus Wight was included by albosanguineum, D. aphyllum, D. cretaceum, D.
Almeida (2009) in Flora of Maharashtra and densiflorum, D. farmeri, D. fimbriatum, D. formosum,
Barbhuiya and Salunkhe (2016) in Orchids D. hookerianum, D. lindleyi, D. heterocarpum, D.
of Maharashtra citing the collection number nobile, D. parishii, D. pulchellum, Epidendrum
M.R.Almeida 334 (BLAT), which was reidentified ellipticum, E. secundum, Phaius mishmensis, P.
as Peristylus densus. tankervilleae, Spathoglottis plicata and Vanilla
Pholidota pallida Lindl. was included by Almeida planifolia have been reported by the previous
(2009) in Flora of Maharashtra and Barbhuiya and workers from cultivated sources. Six species viz.,
Salunkhe (2016) in Orchids of Maharashtra citing Arundina graminifolia, Chiloschista lunifera,
the collection number S.M.Almeida 4895 (BLAT), Goodyera procera, Malaxis acuminata, M. intermedia
which was reidentified as Pholidota imbricata. and M. latifolia were included by Almeida (2009)
Polystachya concreta (Jacq.) Garay & H.R.Sweet was based on Karthikeyan et al. (1998). However, all these
included by Barbhuiya and Salunkhe (2016) in species have no wild record and herbarium specimens
Orchids of Maharashtra based on Gammie (1908). to confirm their occurrence in Maharashtra.
60 LANKESTERIANA
Acknowledgements. The authors are thankful to Dr. specimens of Gadchiroli district. We are thankful to the
Paramjit Singh, Director, Botanical Survey of India and Dr. authorities of Blatter Herbarium, St. Xavier’s College,
P. Lakshminarashiman, Head of Office, Western Regional Mumbai and Shivaji University, Kolhapur Herbarium,
Centre, Pune for facilities and encouragement. Sincere Department of Botany, for granting permission to consult
thanks to Professor M.M.Sardesai for providing herbarium their herbarium.
Literature cited
Almeida, M. R. (2009). Flora of Maharashtra-Vol.5a. Mumbai, India: Blatter Herbarium, St. Xavier’s College.
Almeida, S. M. (1990). Flora of Sawantwadi Vol. 2. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany Additional Series.
Bachulkar, M. (2010). Addition to the flora of Maharashtra. Journal of Bombay Natural History Society, 107(3), 266.
Bachulkar, M. (2012). Addition to the flora of Maharashtra. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany, 36(2), 381–382.
Bachulkar, M., Sant, N. & Jagtap, D. (2011). Recollection of a rare orchid Habenaria stenopetala Lindl. from Maharashtra. Life
Science Bulletin, 8(2), 277–278.
Bachulkar, M. P. & Yadav, S. R. (1993). Some new plant records for Maharashtra. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany,
17, 329–331.
Barbhuiya, H. A. & Salunkhe, C. K. (2016). Orchids of Maharashtra, India: a review. Richardiana, 16, 111–140.
Birdwood, H. M. (1886). A catalogue of the flora of Matheran. Journal of Bombay Natural History Society, 1, 203–214.
Birdwood, H. M. (1887). A catalogue of the flora of Mahabaleshwar and Matheran. Journal of Bombay Natural History Society,
2, 107–132.
Bhatt, M. R. & Nagar, P. S. (2014). Aerides ringens (Lindl.) C.E.C.Fisch. –A New Addition to the Orchid Flora of Gujarat, India.
Journal of Orchid Society of India, 28, 115–117.
Blatter, E. (1908). The Flora of Bombay Presidency (Statistico-Biological notes). Journal of Bombay Natural History Society, 18,
562–571.
Blatter, E. (1909). The Flora of Panchgani. Journal of Bombay Natural History Society, 19, 314–332.
Blatter, E. (1930). A terrestrial orchid found epiphytic. Journal of Bombay Natural History Society, 34, 599.
Blatter, E. & McCann, C. (1931a). Revision of the flora of the Bombay Presidency –Orchidaceae-Part 16. Journal of Bombay
Natural History Society, 35, 254–275.
Blatter, E. & McCann, C. (1931b). Revision of the flora of the Bombay Presidency –Orchidaceae-Part 17. Journal of Bombay
Blatter, E. & McCann, C. (1931c). Revision of the flora of the Bombay Presidency –Orchidaceae-Part 18. Journal of Bombay
Blatter, E. & McCann, C. (1932). Revision of the flora of the Bombay Presidency –Orchidaceae-Part 19. Journal of Bombay
Cerejo-Shivkar, S. & Shinde, R. D. (2015). A brief account of Orchidaceae in Sanjay Gandhi National Park, Mumbai, India. Journal
of Threatened Taxa, 7(6), 7287–7295.
Champion, H. G. & Seth, S. K. (1968). A revised survey of the forest types of India. Delhi, India: Manager of Publications.
Cooke, T. (1907). Flora of the Presidency of Bombay. Vol. II. London, England: Taylor and Francis.
Dalzell, A. N. & Gibson, A. (1861). The Bombay Flora. Bombay, India: Education Society’s Press.
Gaikwad, S. P., Gore, R. D. & Garad, K.U. (2012). Additions to the flora of Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. Journal of
Threatened Taxa, 4(4), 2515–2523.
Datar, M. N. & Ghate,V. S. (2012). Extended distribution of Smithsonia straminea C.J.Saldanha, an endemic orchid in Maharashtra,
India. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 4(2), 2406–2408.
Gammie, G. A. (1904a). The Orchids of Bombay Presidency. Journal of Bombay Natural History Society, 16, 429–433.
Gammie, G. A. (1904b). The Orchids of Bombay Presidency. Journal of Bombay Natural History Society, 16, 562–569.
Gammie, G. A. (1906). The Orchids of Bombay Presidency. Journal of Bombay Natural History Society, 17, 31–37.
Govaerts, R., Pernet, P., Kratochvil, K., Gerlach, G., Carr, G., Alrich, P., Pridgeon, A. M., Pfahl, J., Campacci, M. A., Baptista, D.
H., Tigges, H., Shaw, J., Cribb, P., George, A., Kreuz, K. & Wood, J. (2016). World Checklist of Orchidaceae. Kew: Royal
Botanic Gardens. Retrieved from http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/ (accessed 22 May 2016).
Graham, J. (1839). A catalogue of the plants growing in Bombay and its vicinity. Bombay, India: Government Press.
IPNI (2016). The International Plant Names Index. Available from http://www.ipni.org.
Jain, S.K. & Rao, R.R. (1960). A handbook of field and Herbarium methods. New Delhi, India: Today and tomorrow’s publishers.
Jalal, J. S. & Jayanthi, J. (2013). Does Habenaria panchganiensis Santapau & Kapadia exist? Taiwania, 58(4), 316–320.
Jalal, J. S., Jayanthi, J. & Kumar, P. (2013). A note on the morphological variations in Rhynchostylis retusa (Orchidaceae) in
Maharashtra, India. McAllen International Orchid Society Journal, 15(11), 16–20.
Jalal, J. S., Jayanthi, J. & Kumar, P. (2014). Eulophia spectablis: A high value medicinal orchid under immense threat due to
overexploitation for medicinal uses in Western Ghats, Maharashtra, India. McAllen International Orchid Society Journal,
15(10), 9–15.
Kamble, S. Y. & Pradhan, S. G. (1988). Flora of Akola District, Maharashtra. Howrah, India: Botanical Survey of India, Department
of Environment.
Kothari, M. J. & Moorthy, S. (1993). Flora of Raigad District, Maharashtra State. Calcutta, India: Botanical Survey of India,
Department of Environment.
Kulkarni, B. G. (1988). Flora of Sindhudurg. Howrah, India: Botanical Survey of India, Department of Environment.
Lakshminarasimhan, P. & Sharma, B.D. (1991). Flora of Nasik District. Calcutta, India: Botanical Survey of India, Department of
Environment.
Lakshminarasimhan, P., Sharma, B. D., Karthikeyan, S. & Singh, N. P. (eds.). (1996). Flora of Maharashtra State: Monocotyledones.
Flora of India Series 2. Calcutta, India: Botanical Survey of India, Department of Environment.
Mudaliar, S. K. (1991). Peristylus constrictus (Lindl.) Lindl., a new record for Maharashtra. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic
Botany, 15(2), 469.
Mulgaonkar, S. M. & Dabhade, G. T. (2005). Some observations on the pollinia of the three species of corticolous orchid of the
genus Aerides Lour under SEM. Indian Journal of Applied and Pure Biology, 20(1), 43–46.
Nairne, A. K. (1894). The Flowering Plants of Western India. London, England: W. H. Allen And Company Limited.
Nayar, T. S. & Kochhar, R. K. (1984). A new record of Habenaria Willd. For Maharashtra state. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic
Botany, 5, 920.
Pande, S., Sant, N., Vishwarao, V. & Datar, M. N. (2010). Wild orchids of Northern Western Ghats (including Maharashtra, Goa
and Belgaum). Pune, India: Ela Foundation.
Pradhan, S. G., Sharma, B. D. & Singh, N. P. (2005). Flora of Sanjay Gandhi National Park, Borivali-Mumbai (Bombay). Calcutta,
India: Botanical Survey of India, Department of Environment.
Prabhu, S. (2013). Neglected Habitats: Coastal Plateau. Hornbill, 1, 38–44.
Punekar, S. A. (2002a). Rediscovery of Zeuxine longilabris (Lindl.) Benth. (Orchidaceae)- A little known species. Journal of
Economic and Taxonomic Botany, 26, 108–110.
Punekar, S. A. (2002b). Report of rare terrestrial orchid species Cheirostylis parvifolia Lindl. from Dajipur Wildlife Sanctuary,
Kolhapur district of Maharashtra state, India, Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany, 26, 105–107.
Sanghamitra, M. R., Raut, S. V. & Mulgaonkar, M. S. (2012). Survey of some medicinally important epiphytic orchids from Yeoor
in Thane. Phytotaxonomy, 12, 155–159.

62 LANKESTERIANA
Santapau, H. & Kapadia, Z. (1957). Habenaria panchganiensis – new name for a Bombay orchid. Journal of Bombay Natural
History Society, 54, 478.
Santapau, H. & Kapadia, Z. (1966). The Orchids of Bombay. Delhi, India: Manager of Publications.
Sardesai, M. M. & Yadav, S. R. (2004). Genus Habenaria Willd. (Orchidaceae) in Maharashtra, pp. 144–172. In: T. Pullaiah (ed.).
Biodiversity in India. Vol. III. New Delhi, India: Regency Publications.
Sardesai, M. M., Bachulkar, M. P. & Yadav, S. R. (2002). Additions to orchid flora of Maharashtra. Journal of Bombay Natural
History Society, 99, 564–566.
Singh, N. P. & Dawre, M. S. (1983). On the Occurrence of Acampe rigida (Buch.-Ham. Ex J.E.Sm.) Hunt in Peninsular India.
Journal of Ecomomic Taxonomy and Botany, 4(3), 1021–1022.
Shah, G. L. & Badrinath, V. (1985). A contribution to the angiospermic flora of Dahanu Forest Division in Maharashtra State.
Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany, 6(1), 117–141.
The Plant List (2013). Version 1.1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/ (accessed 1st January).
Tropicos (2016). Missouri Botanical Garden. Available from www.tropicos.org.
Ugemuge N.R. (1986). Flora of Nagpur District. Shree Publication, Nagpur.
Watve, A. (2013). Status review of Rocky Plateaus in the northern Western Ghats and Konkan region of Maharashtra, India with
recommendations for conservation and management. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 5(5), 3935–3962. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/
JoTT.o3372.3935-62
Woodrow, G.M. (1898–1900). The flora of Western India. Journal of Bombay Natural History Society, 12, 515–526.
View publication stats

An Updated Checklist of The Orchids of Maharashtra, India: Lankesteriana April 2018

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

An Updated Checklist of The Orchids of Maharashtra, India: Lankesteriana April 2018

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

An Updated Checklist of The Orchids of Maharashtra, India: Lankesteriana April 2018

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

An updated checklist of the orchids of Maharashtra, India

Preprint in Lankesteriana · April 2018

Jeewan Singh Jalal

I am working on Orchids View project

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

AN UPDATED CHECKLIST OF THE ORCHIDS OF MAHARASHTRA, INDIA

University, Aurangabad have also made frequent

1930, Blatter & McCann 1931a,b,c, 1932, Cerejo-

Semi-evergreen forests. These forests are mostly

Table 1. Orchid species richness in different habitats.

LANKESTERIANA 18(1). 2018. © Universidad de Costa Rica, 2018.

Acampe Lindl. Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan), Nepal, Sri Lanka,

Flowering: May – August. Rajasthan), endemic to Peninsular India.

Life form: Epiphyte. Distribution in Maharashtra: Kolhapur, Pune and

General distribution: India (Goa, Karnataka, Specimens examined: Kolhapur: Udegiri,

Flowering: September–February. General distribution: India (Meghalaya,

Figure 5. A. Dendrobium crepidatum, B. Dendrobium lawianum, C. Dendrobium macrostachyum, D. Dendrobium microbulbon,

Nadu, Chhattisgarh, Andaman & Nicobar), H.Santapau 10532 (BLAT). Sindhudurg

after flowering shoot. Geodorum G. Jacks.

General distribution: India (Gujarat, Karnataka, Distribution in Maharashtra: Kolhapur, Nashik,

J.S.Jalal 200546 (BSI). Nashik district, forests at elevations between 700–1000 m.

Distribution in Maharashtra: Ahmednagar, Habenaria platyphylloides M.R.Almeida, Fl.

Figure 7. A. Habenaria gibsonii, B. Habenaria grandifloriformis, C. Habenaria heyneana, D. Habenaria longicorniculata, E.

LANKESTERIANA 18(1). 2018. © Universidad de Costa Rica, 2018.

Life form: Epiphyte. Flowering: May–August.

Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Myanmar, General distribution: India (Goa, Karnataka,

Life form: Epiphyte. Porpax Lindl.

Distribution in Maharashtra: Amravati, Life form: Epiphyte.

Zeuxine Lindl. Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Bihar, Jharkhand,

LANKESTERIANA 18(1). 2018. © Universidad de Costa Rica, 2018.

LANKESTERIANA 18(1). 2018. © Universidad de Costa Rica, 2018.

View publication stats

You might also like

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.